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EP1891721A1 - Optical irradiation device for the polarization of alkali metal atoms and a device for the hyperpolarization of noble gases - Google Patents

Optical irradiation device for the polarization of alkali metal atoms and a device for the hyperpolarization of noble gases

Info

Publication number
EP1891721A1
EP1891721A1 EP05749551A EP05749551A EP1891721A1 EP 1891721 A1 EP1891721 A1 EP 1891721A1 EP 05749551 A EP05749551 A EP 05749551A EP 05749551 A EP05749551 A EP 05749551A EP 1891721 A1 EP1891721 A1 EP 1891721A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser light
irradiation device
polarization
wavelength
hyperpolarization
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05749551A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Markus Revermann
Thomas Mitra
Frank Felice
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Focuslight Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Limo Patentverwaltung GmbH and Co KG
Hentze Lissotschenko Patentverwaltungs GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Limo Patentverwaltung GmbH and Co KG, Hentze Lissotschenko Patentverwaltungs GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Limo Patentverwaltung GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1891721A1 publication Critical patent/EP1891721A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/282—Means specially adapted for hyperpolarisation or for hyperpolarised contrast agents, e.g. for the generation of hyperpolarised gases using optical pumping cells, for storing hyperpolarised contrast agents or for the determination of the polarisation of a hyperpolarised contrast agent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
    • H01S5/14—External cavity lasers
    • H01S5/141—External cavity lasers using a wavelength selective device, e.g. a grating or etalon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
    • H01S5/4025—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
    • H01S5/4025—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar
    • H01S5/4031—Edge-emitting structures
    • H01S5/4062—Edge-emitting structures with an external cavity or using internal filters, e.g. Talbot filters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical
  • Irradiation apparatus in particular for the polarization of alkali atoms, comprising at least one semiconductor laser device capable of producing laser light suitable for polarization of the alkali atoms with respect to its wavelength, polarizing means for circular polarization of the laser light generated by the at least one semiconductor laser device, and means for introducing the laser light into a working area in which the alkali atoms 1 to be polarized can be arranged.
  • the present invention relates to a device for the hyperpolarization of noble gases, comprising an optical irradiation device for the polarization of alkali atoms of the aforementioned type and means for the hyperpolarization of a noble gas by spin exchange with the polarized alkali atoms.
  • Hyperpolarized noble gases can be used for MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) measurements.
  • the hyperpolarization of the noble gases or noble gas cores can be realized by spin exchange with polarized alkali atoms.
  • the polarization of the alkali atoms can be achieved by absorbing circularly polarized light of a suitable wavelength.
  • the bandwidth and the circular degree of polarization of the incident light are important parameters for the effectiveness of the hyperpolarization to be achieved.
  • the wavelength of the irradiated light should correspond for the most part exactly to the corresponding absorption wavelength for the polarization of the alkali atoms.
  • An irradiation device for the polarization of alkali atoms and a device for hyperpolarization of noble gases of the type mentioned are known from European Patent EP 0 896 655 B1.
  • One of the embodiments described therein comprises, in addition to a semiconductor laser device and optics for Incorporation of the light in the working area a polarization beam splitter for the generation of linearly polarized light and a quarter wavelength plate for the conversion of the linearly polarized light in circularly polarized light.
  • a disadvantage of this prior art is the fact that a complex temperature control must be operated in order to keep the wavelength of the exiting laser light at least approximately constant over a constant temperature of the semiconductor laser device. Furthermore, no larger work area can be homogeneously irradiated with such a device.
  • the problem underlying the present invention is the provision of an irradiation device and a device for the hyperpolarization of noble gases of the type mentioned, which are constructed more effectively.
  • the irradiation device comprises means for determining the wavelength of the laser light, which can couple back a portion of the laser light in the semiconductor laser device, thereby setting the wavelength of the laser light to a predetermined wavelength or a predetermined wavelength range.
  • the means for determining the wavelength of the laser light can be a complex Temperature control omitted because the wavelength is kept constant by optical means. Under certain circumstances, such an optical determination or stabilization of the wavelength can also lead to a more exact compliance with the wavelength and possibly also to a smaller bandwidth of the laser light.
  • the means for determining the wavelength of the laser light are designed as a grating, in particular as a Bragg grating or as a Littrow grating.
  • the irradiation device comprises homogenizer means which can homogenize the laser light.
  • homogenizer means which can homogenize the laser light.
  • the homogenizer means are formed in two stages. This further increases the homogeneity of the laser light in the working area.
  • the homogenizer means can homogenize the laser light with respect to two mutually perpendicular directions.
  • the homogenizer means comprise at least one optically functional interface with a lens array, in particular a cylindrical lens array.
  • a lens array in particular a cylindrical lens array.
  • the means for introducing the laser light into a working area comprise at least one lens.
  • It can be a spherical lens. Alternatively, also mutually crossed cylindrical lenses can be used.
  • the irradiation device comprises a telescope unit.
  • This telescope unit can contribute to the widening of the laser light.
  • an irradiation device according to the invention is used as an optical irradiation device.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of an irradiation device according to the invention with parts of a device according to the invention for the hyperpolarization of noble gases.
  • Fig. 2 is a rotated by 90 ° side view of
  • Irradiation device with parts of the device according to the invention for the hyperpolarization of noble gases
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged side view of some details of
  • Irradiation device with non-realistic distances of the individual components to each other;
  • Fig. 4 is a Fig. 3 corresponding view, which is rotated by 90 °.
  • Cartesian coordinate axes x, y, z are drawn in for better orientation.
  • the irradiation device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises, in succession, a semiconductor laser device 1, a fast axis collimation lens 2, an optical beam transformation device 3, a slow axis collimation lens 4, fixing means 5 the wavelength of the laser light 14, polarization means 6 for linear polarization of the laser light 14, polarization means 7 for circular polarization of the laser light 14, first and second homogenizer means 8, 9, a telescope unit 10, a lens 1 1 designed as a spherical plano-convex lens and a window 12.
  • the laser light 14 emerging from the window in the positive z-direction enters into a schematically indicated apparatus 13, which is part of the device for the hyperpolarization of noble gases.
  • alkali atoms are provided, which can be polarized by absorption of the laser light 14.
  • noble gas cores can be hyperpolarized by spin exchange with the polarized alkali atoms.
  • the semiconductor laser device 1 can be embodied, for example, as a laser diode bar, which represents a substantially linear light source. Instead of a line-shaped light source, it is also possible to use a punctiform light source or a light source consisting of groups of point sources or a planar light source with an arbitrary angular distribution.
  • the laser diode bar extends substantially in the x direction, in which it has, for example, an extension of 10 mm. In contrast, the extension of the laser diode bar in the y direction is about 1 ⁇ m.
  • the light emitted by the laser diode bar has a much greater divergence in the direction of the y-axis, the so-called fast axis, than in the direction of the x-axis, the so-called slow axis.
  • the divergence in the y-direction is about 0.5 rad
  • the divergence in the x-direction is about 0.1 rad, for example.
  • a laser diode bar in the x direction is divided into a plurality of emitting sections, for example, 19 to 25 sections in its longitudinal direction.
  • the light emanating from the semiconductor laser device 1 is collimated in a diffraction-limited manner in a fast-axis collimating lens 2, which extends substantially in the x direction, such that the divergence in the y direction is only 0.005 rad, for example, so that the light 9 behind the fast-axis collimating lens 2 is substantially parallel with respect to the y-axis.
  • the fast-axis Collimating lens 2 may be formed, for example, as an aspherical, plano-convex cylindrical lens with cylinder axis in the x direction.
  • the optical beam transformation device 3 may be a substantially block-shaped block made of a transparent material, on which a plurality of cylindrical lens segments are arranged parallel to one another both on the inlet side and on the outlet side.
  • the axes of the cylindrical lens segments enclose an angle of 45 ° with the base side of the cuboidal device 3, which extends in the x-direction.
  • the depth of the biconvex cylindrical lenses formed in the z-direction is equal to twice the focal length of each of these biconvex cylindrical lenses.
  • Each of the biconvex cylindrical lenses converts a parallel beam of light into a parallel beam of light.
  • Partial beams emanating from individual emitting sections of the laser diode bar undergo a rotation through 90 ° when passing through the device 3, so that the individual partial beams are only extended in the y direction after passing through the device 3.
  • the divergence in the y-direction corresponds to the original divergence in the x-direction of, for example, about 0.1 rad.
  • Such a light beam that is only slightly divergent in the x-direction and moderately divergent in the y-direction can be detected by the For example, as aspherical, plano-convex cylindrical lens with cylinder axis in the x-direction running slow-axis collimating lens 4 are collimated with respect to the now extending in the y-direction slow axis (see also Fig. 3 and Fig. 4).
  • fast-axis collimating lens 2 and the slow-axis collimating lens 4 can be dispensed with the device 3 for beam transformation under certain circumstances.
  • the means 5 for determining the wavelength of the laser light can be embodied as a grating, in particular as a Bragg grating or as a Littrow grating.
  • Laser light 14 of a certain wavelength ⁇ is reflected back from this grating to a, in particular small, part and re-enters the resonator of the semiconductor laser device 1.
  • the resonator is caused to substantially laser at the back-reflected wavelength ⁇ , so that the laser light 14 emerging from the semiconductor laser device 1 is substantially light of the wavelength ⁇ .
  • the means 5 for determining the wavelength of the laser light instead of the apparent from Fig. 3 and Fig.
  • the means 5 for determining the wavelength can also be integrated in the fast-axis collimation lens 2, in the optical beam transformation device 3 or in the slow-axis collimation lens 4.
  • a Bragg grating could be formed in the abovementioned components, for example by periodic refractive index variations.
  • the polarizing means 6 for the linear polarization of the laser light 14 are in the illustrated embodiment as cube-shaped Polarization beam splitter formed. Alternative polarizers, such as thin film polarizers or Brewster plates, may also be considered. Before entering the polarization means 6 for linear polarization, the laser light of the semiconductor laser device 1 has a linear degree of polarization of more than 90%. After passing through the polarizing means 6 for linear polarization, this degree of polarization is significantly higher.
  • the laser light 14 After passing through the polarization means 6 for linear polarization, the laser light 14 strikes the polarization means 7 for circular polarization. In these polarization means 7 for circular polarization, the highly linearly polarized laser light 14 is converted into highly circularly polarized laser light 14.
  • a polarizing means 7 for circular polarization of the laser light 14 a quarter-wavelength plate is used in the illustrated embodiment. Other polarizing means may also be used for the circular polarization of the laser light.
  • the first and second homogenizing means 8, 9 adjoining the polarizing means 7 in the direction of propagation z of the laser light 14 are each in the form of a transparent substrate with cylindrical lens arrays 15, 16, 17, 18 on the respective inlet side and the respective outlet side.
  • Such homogenizer means 8, 9 are well known in the art.
  • the focal lengths of the cylindrical lens arrays 15, 16 of the first homogenizer means 8 are less than or equal to the distance between the respective entry surfaces of the homogenizer means 8, 9 to each other, or less than or equal to the distance of the respective exit surfaces of the homogenizer means 8, 9 to each other.
  • the cylinder axes of the cylindrical lens arrays 15, 17 on the entry sides of the homogenizer means 8, 9 are aligned in the y-direction in the illustrated embodiment.
  • These cylindrical lens arrays 15, 17 homogenize the laser light 14 with respect to the x-direction.
  • the cylinder axes of the cylindrical lens arrays 16, 18 on the exit sides of the homogenizer means 8, 9 are aligned in the illustrated embodiment in the x direction.
  • These cylindrical lens arrays 16, 18 homogenize the laser light 14 with respect to the y-direction.
  • the homogenizer means 8, 9 the laser light 14 is thus homogenized in two successive stages with respect to two mutually perpendicular directions x, y.
  • the cylinder axes of the cylindrical lens arrays 15, 16 of the first homogenizer means 8 parallel to one another and, for example, in the x direction.
  • the cylinder axes of the cylindrical lens arrays 17, 18 of the second homogenizer means 9 could be aligned parallel to one another and in the y direction.
  • homogenizer means can also be positioned differently, for example between the polarization means 6 for linear polarization and the polarization means 7 for circular polarization.
  • the telescopic unit 10 consists in the illustrated embodiment of two in the z-direction successively arranged spherical lenses 19, 20, which are arranged at a distance from one another, which corresponds to the sum of their focal lengths.
  • the telescope unit 10 serves to widen the laser radiation 14. In the area of the telescope unit 10, this has Laser light 14 large divergence angles and a small focal point.
  • the in the propagation z of the laser light 14 behind the telescope unit 10 arranged, designed as a spherical plano-convex lens 1 1 has a distance from the telescope unit 10 or the focal point of the telescope unit 10, which corresponds approximately to the focal length of the lens 1 1.
  • the focal length of the lens 1 1 may be for example 200 mm.
  • the laser light 14 is substantially collimated in the z-direction behind the lens 11.
  • the cross section of the laser light 14 after passing through the lens 1 1 may be an extension of, for example, 30 mm to 40 mm.
  • a spherical Plano-convex lens instead of a spherical Plano-convex lens, for example, two mutually crossed cylindrical lenses can be used.
  • At least two, in particular a plurality of semiconductor laser devices 1 can for example be coupled to one another before the polarization means 6 for linear polarization by means of mirrors and / or prisms.
  • the coupling of the laser light emanating from the at least two semiconductor laser devices 1 into the polarization beam divider 6, which is designed as a polarization beam splitter, also lends itself to linear polarization.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

Optical irradiation device for the polarization of alkali metal atoms for the hyperpolarization of noble gases by spin exchange, comprising at least one semiconductor laser device (1) which can generate laser light (14) which, with regard to its wavelength, is suitable for polarization of the alkali metal atoms, polarization means (7) for the circular polarization of the laser light (14) generated by the at least one semiconductor laser device (1), means for introducing the laser light (14) into a working region in which the alkali metal atoms to be polarized can be arranged, and means (4) for defining the wavelength of the laser light (14), which can couple part of the laser light (14) back into the semiconductor laser device (1) in order thereby to define the wavelength of the laser light (14) at a predetermined wavelength or a predetermined wavelength range.

Description

"Optische Bestrahlungsvorric tung ür ie o arisation von Alkaliatomen sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Hyperpolarisation von "Optical irradiation for the oarisation of alkali atoms and a device for the hyperpolarization of
Edelgasen"Noble gases "
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine optischeThe present invention relates to an optical
Bestrahlungsvorrichtung, insbesondere für die Polarisation von Alkaliatomen, umfassend mindestens eine Halbleiterlaservorrichtung, die Laserlicht erzeugen kann, das hinsichtlich seiner Wellenlänge zur Polarisation der Alkaliatome geeignet ist, Polarisationsmittel zur Zirkularpolarisation des von der mindestens einen Halbleiterlaservorrichtung erzeugten Laserlichts, sowie Mittel für die Einbringung des Laserlichtes in einen Arbeitsbereich, in dem die zu polarisierenden Alkaliatome1 angeordnet werden können. Weiterhin betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Hyperpolarisation von Edelgasen, umfassend eine optische Bestrahlungsvorrichtung für die Polarisation von Alkaliatomen der vorgenannten Art sowie Mittel für die Hyperpolarisation eines Edelgases durch Spin-Austausch mit den polarisierten Alkaliatomen.Irradiation apparatus, in particular for the polarization of alkali atoms, comprising at least one semiconductor laser device capable of producing laser light suitable for polarization of the alkali atoms with respect to its wavelength, polarizing means for circular polarization of the laser light generated by the at least one semiconductor laser device, and means for introducing the laser light into a working area in which the alkali atoms 1 to be polarized can be arranged. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a device for the hyperpolarization of noble gases, comprising an optical irradiation device for the polarization of alkali atoms of the aforementioned type and means for the hyperpolarization of a noble gas by spin exchange with the polarized alkali atoms.
Hyperpolarisierte Edelgase können für MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Messungen verwendet werden. Die Hyperpolarisation der Edelgase beziehungsweise der Edelgaskerne kann durch Spinaustausch mit polarisierten Alkaliatomen realisiert werden. Die Polarisation der Alkaliatome kann durch Absorption zirkulär polarisierten Lichtes einer geeigneten Wellenlänge erreicht werden. Hierbei sind die Bandbreite und der zirkuläre Polarisationsgrad des eingestrahlten Lichtes wichtige Größen für die Effektivität der zu erzielenden Hyperpolarisation. Weiterhin sollte die Wellenlänge des eingestrahlten Lichtes weitestgehend exakt der entsprechenden Absorptionswellenlänge für die Polarisation der Alkaliatome entsprechen.Hyperpolarized noble gases can be used for MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) measurements. The hyperpolarization of the noble gases or noble gas cores can be realized by spin exchange with polarized alkali atoms. The polarization of the alkali atoms can be achieved by absorbing circularly polarized light of a suitable wavelength. Here, the bandwidth and the circular degree of polarization of the incident light are important parameters for the effectiveness of the hyperpolarization to be achieved. Furthermore, the wavelength of the irradiated light should correspond for the most part exactly to the corresponding absorption wavelength for the polarization of the alkali atoms.
Eine Bestrahlungsvorrichtung für die Polarisation von Alkaliatomen und eine Vorrichtung zur Hyperpolarisation von Edelgasen der eingangs genannten Art sind aus dem europäischen Patent EP 0 896 655 B1 bekannt. Eine der darin beschriebenen Ausführungsformen umfasst neben einer Halbleiterlaservorrichtung und ejner Optik zur Einbringung des Lichtes in den Arbeitsbereich einen Polarisationsstrahlteiler für die Erzeugung linear polarisierten Lichtes und ein Viertelwellenlängenplättchen für die Umwandlung des linear polarisierten Lichtes in zirkulär polarisiertes Licht.An irradiation device for the polarization of alkali atoms and a device for hyperpolarization of noble gases of the type mentioned are known from European Patent EP 0 896 655 B1. One of the embodiments described therein comprises, in addition to a semiconductor laser device and optics for Incorporation of the light in the working area a polarization beam splitter for the generation of linearly polarized light and a quarter wavelength plate for the conversion of the linearly polarized light in circularly polarized light.
Als nachteilig bei diesem Stand der Technik erweist sich die Tatsache, dass eine aufwendige Temperaturkontrolle betrieben werden muss, um über eine konstante Temperatur der Halbleiterlaservorrichtung die Wellenlänge des austretenden Laserlichts zumindest halbwegs konstant zu halten. Weiterhin kann mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung kein größerer Arbeitsbereich homogen bestrahlt werden.A disadvantage of this prior art is the fact that a complex temperature control must be operated in order to keep the wavelength of the exiting laser light at least approximately constant over a constant temperature of the semiconductor laser device. Furthermore, no larger work area can be homogeneously irradiated with such a device.
Das der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrunde liegende Problem ist die Schaffung einer Bestrahlungsvorrichtung sowie einer Vorrichtung zur Hyperpolarisation von Edelgasen der eingangs genannten Art, die effektiver aufgebaut sind.The problem underlying the present invention is the provision of an irradiation device and a device for the hyperpolarization of noble gases of the type mentioned, which are constructed more effectively.
Dies wird erfindungsgemäß hinsichtlich der Bestrahlungsvorrichtung durch eine Bestrahlungsvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen der Ansprüche 1 oder 3 sowie hinsichtlich der Vorrichtung zur Hyperpolarisation von Edelgasen durch eine Vorrichtung zur Hyperpolarisation von Edelgasen der eingangs genannten Art mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 9 erreicht.This is inventively achieved with respect to the irradiation device by an irradiation device of the type mentioned above with the characterizing features of claims 1 or 3 and with respect to the device for hyperpolarization of noble gases by a device for hyperpolarization of noble gases of the type mentioned above with the characterizing features of claim 9.
Gemäß Anspruch 1 ist vorgesehen, dass die Bestrahlungsvorrichtung Mittel zur Festlegung der Wellenlänge des Laserlichtes umfasst, die einen Teil des Laserlichtes in die Halbleiterlaservorrichtung zurückkoppeln können, um dadurch die Wellenlänge des Laserlichtes auf eine vorgegebene Wellenlänge oder einen vorgegebenen Wellenlängebereich festzulegen. Durch die Mittel zur Festlegung der Wellenlänge des Laserlichtes kann eine aufwendige Temperaturkontrolle entfallen, da die Wellenlänge durch optische Mittel konstant gehalten wird. Eine derartige optische Festlegung beziehungsweise Stabilisierung der Wellenlänge kann unter Umständen auch zu einer exakteren Einhaltung der Wellenlänge sowie unter Umständen auch zu einer kleineren Bandbreite des Laserlichtes führen.According to claim 1 it is provided that the irradiation device comprises means for determining the wavelength of the laser light, which can couple back a portion of the laser light in the semiconductor laser device, thereby setting the wavelength of the laser light to a predetermined wavelength or a predetermined wavelength range. By the means for determining the wavelength of the laser light can be a complex Temperature control omitted because the wavelength is kept constant by optical means. Under certain circumstances, such an optical determination or stabilization of the wavelength can also lead to a more exact compliance with the wavelength and possibly also to a smaller bandwidth of the laser light.
Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Mittel zur Festlegung der Wellenlänge des Laserlichtes als Gitter, insbesondere als Bragg- Gitter oder als Littrow-Gitter ausgeführt sind.It can be provided that the means for determining the wavelength of the laser light are designed as a grating, in particular as a Bragg grating or as a Littrow grating.
Gemäß Anspruch 3 ist vorgesehen, dass die Bestrahlungsvorrichtung Homogenisatormittel umfasst, die das Laserlicht homogenisieren können. Durch derartige Homogenisatormittel kann eine weitestgehend homogene Ausleuchtung eines vergleichsweise großen Arbeitsbereichs ermöglicht werden.According to claim 3 it is provided that the irradiation device comprises homogenizer means which can homogenize the laser light. By such homogenizer means a largely homogeneous illumination of a relatively large workspace can be made possible.
Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Homogenisatormittel zweistufig ausgebildet sind. Dadurch wird die Homogenität des Laserlichts im Arbeitsbereich weiter erhöht.It can be provided that the homogenizer means are formed in two stages. This further increases the homogeneity of the laser light in the working area.
Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Homogenisatormittel das Laserlicht hinsichtlich zweier zueinander senkrechter Richtungen homogenisieren können.Furthermore, it can be provided that the homogenizer means can homogenize the laser light with respect to two mutually perpendicular directions.
Insbesondere kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Homogenisatormittel mindestens eine optisch funktionale Grenzfläche mit einem Linsenarray, insbesondere einem Zylinderlinsenarray umfassen. Mit derartigen Homogenisatormitteln lässt mit einfachen Mitteln eine wirksame Homogenisierung realisieren.In particular, it can be provided that the homogenizer means comprise at least one optically functional interface with a lens array, in particular a cylindrical lens array. With such homogenizers can be realized with simple means effective homogenization.
Es besteht die Möglichkeit, dass die Mittel für die Einbringung des Laserlichtes in einen Arbeitsbereich mindestens eine Linse umfassen. -A-There is the possibility that the means for introducing the laser light into a working area comprise at least one lens. -A-
Es kann sich dabei um eine sphärische Linse handeln. Alternativ dazu können auch zueinander gekreuzte Zylinderlinsen Verwendung finden.It can be a spherical lens. Alternatively, also mutually crossed cylindrical lenses can be used.
Es besteht weiterhin die Möglichkeit, dass die Bestrahlungsvorrichtung eine Teleskopeinheit umfasst. Diese Teleskopeinheit kann zur Aufweitung des Laserlichtes beitragen.There is also the possibility that the irradiation device comprises a telescope unit. This telescope unit can contribute to the widening of the laser light.
Gemäß Anspruch 9 ist vorgesehen, dass als optische Bestrahlungsvorrichtung eine erfindungsgemäße Bestrahlungsvorrichtung eingesetzt wird. According to claim 9 it is provided that an irradiation device according to the invention is used as an optical irradiation device.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung werden deutlich anhand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Abbildungen. Darin zeigenFurther features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show in it
Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Bestrahlungsvorrichtung mit Teilen einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Hyperpolarisation von Edelgasen;Figure 1 is a side view of an irradiation device according to the invention with parts of a device according to the invention for the hyperpolarization of noble gases.
Fig. 2 eine um 90° gedrehte Seitenansicht derFig. 2 is a rotated by 90 ° side view of
Bestrahlungsvorrichtung mit Teilen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Hyperpolarisation von Edelgasen;Irradiation device with parts of the device according to the invention for the hyperpolarization of noble gases;
Fig. 3 eine vergrößerte Seitenansicht einiger Details derFig. 3 is an enlarged side view of some details of
Bestrahlungsvorrichtung mit nicht realistischen Abständen der einzelnen Bauteile zueinander;Irradiation device with non-realistic distances of the individual components to each other;
Fig. 4 eine Fig. 3 entsprechende Ansicht, die um 90° gedreht ist.Fig. 4 is a Fig. 3 corresponding view, which is rotated by 90 °.
In den Figuren sind zur besseren Orientierung kartesische Koordinatenachsen x, y, z eingezeichnet.In the figures, Cartesian coordinate axes x, y, z are drawn in for better orientation.
In Ausbreitungsrichtung z des Laserlichtes 14 umfasst die aus Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 ersichtliche Bestrahlungsvorrichtung hintereinander eine Halbleiterlaservorrichtung 1 , eine Fast-Axis-Kollimationslinse 2, eine Vorrichtung 3 zur optischen Strahltransformation, eine Slow-Axis- Kollimationslinse 4, Mittel 5 zur Festlegung der Wellenlänge des Laserlichtes 14, Polarisationsmittel 6 zur Linearpolarisation des Laserlichtes 14, Polarisationsmittel 7 zur Zirkularpolarisation des Laserlichtes 14, erste und zweite Homogenisatormittel 8, 9, eine Teleskopeinheit 10, eine als sphärische Plankonvexlinse ausgeführte Linse 1 1 und ein Fenster 12. Das aus dem Fenster in positiver z-Richtung austretende Laserlicht 14 tritt in eine schematisch angedeutete Apparatur 13 ein, die Teil der Vorrichtung zur Hyperpolarisation von Edelgasen ist. In dieser Vorrichtung sind Alkaliatome vorgesehen, die durch Absorption des Laserlichtes 14 polarisiert werden können. Ebenfalls in der Apparatur 13 vorgesehene Edelgaskerne können durch Spin-Austausch mit den polarisierten Alkaliatomen hyperpolarisiert werden.In the propagation direction z of the laser light 14, the irradiation device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises, in succession, a semiconductor laser device 1, a fast axis collimation lens 2, an optical beam transformation device 3, a slow axis collimation lens 4, fixing means 5 the wavelength of the laser light 14, polarization means 6 for linear polarization of the laser light 14, polarization means 7 for circular polarization of the laser light 14, first and second homogenizer means 8, 9, a telescope unit 10, a lens 1 1 designed as a spherical plano-convex lens and a window 12. The laser light 14 emerging from the window in the positive z-direction enters into a schematically indicated apparatus 13, which is part of the device for the hyperpolarization of noble gases. In this device alkali atoms are provided, which can be polarized by absorption of the laser light 14. Also provided in the apparatus 13 noble gas cores can be hyperpolarized by spin exchange with the polarized alkali atoms.
Die Halbleiterlaservorrichtung 1 kann beispielsweise als Laserdiodenbarren ausgeführt sein, der eine im Wesentlichen linienförmige Lichtquelle darstellt. Anstelle einer linienförmigen Lichtquelle kann auch eine punktförmige Lichtquelle oder eine aus Gruppen von Punktquellen bestehende Lichtquelle oder eine flächenförmige Lichtquelle mit beliebiger Winkelverteilung Verwendung finden. Der Laserdiodenbarren erstreckt sich im Wesentlichen in x-Richtung, in der er beispielsweise eine Ausdehnung von 10 mm aufweist. Demgegenüber beträgt die Ausdehnung des Laserdiodenbarrens in y-Richtung etwa 1 μm. Das von dem Laserdiodenbarren ausgesendete Licht weist in Richtung der y-Achse, der so genannten Fast-Axis, eine wesentlich größere Divergenz auf als in Richtung der x-Achse, der so genannten Slow-Axis. Die Divergenz in y-Richtung beträgt beispielsweise etwa 0,5 rad, wohingegen die Divergenz in x-Richtung beispielsweise etwa 0, 1 rad beträgt. Weiterhin ist ein Laserdiodenbarren in x-Richtung in mehrere emittierende Abschnitte, beispielsweise in 19 bis 25 Abschnitte in seiner Längsrichtung unterteilt.The semiconductor laser device 1 can be embodied, for example, as a laser diode bar, which represents a substantially linear light source. Instead of a line-shaped light source, it is also possible to use a punctiform light source or a light source consisting of groups of point sources or a planar light source with an arbitrary angular distribution. The laser diode bar extends substantially in the x direction, in which it has, for example, an extension of 10 mm. In contrast, the extension of the laser diode bar in the y direction is about 1 μm. The light emitted by the laser diode bar has a much greater divergence in the direction of the y-axis, the so-called fast axis, than in the direction of the x-axis, the so-called slow axis. For example, the divergence in the y-direction is about 0.5 rad, whereas the divergence in the x-direction is about 0.1 rad, for example. Furthermore, a laser diode bar in the x direction is divided into a plurality of emitting sections, for example, 19 to 25 sections in its longitudinal direction.
Das von der Halbleiterlaservorrichtung 1 ausgehende Licht wird in einer Fast-Axis-Kollimationslinse 2, die sich im wesentlichen in x- Richtung erstreckt, derart beugungsbegrenzt kollimiert, dass die Divergenz in y-Richtung beispielsweise nur noch 0,005 rad beträgt, so dass das Licht 9 hinter der Fast-Axis-Kollimationslinse 2 im wesentlichen parallel bezüglich der y-Achse verläuft. Die Fast-Axis- Kollimationslinse 2 kann beispielsweise als asphärische, plankonvexe Zylinderlinse mit Zylinderachse in x-Richtung ausgebildet sein.The light emanating from the semiconductor laser device 1 is collimated in a diffraction-limited manner in a fast-axis collimating lens 2, which extends substantially in the x direction, such that the divergence in the y direction is only 0.005 rad, for example, so that the light 9 behind the fast-axis collimating lens 2 is substantially parallel with respect to the y-axis. The fast-axis Collimating lens 2 may be formed, for example, as an aspherical, plano-convex cylindrical lens with cylinder axis in the x direction.
In der Vorrichtung 3 zur optischen Strahltransformation wird das einfallende Licht um einen Winkel von 90° rotiert. Bei der Vorrichtung 3 zur optischen Strahltransformation kann es sich um einen im Wesentlichen quaderförmigen Block aus einem transparenten Material handeln, auf dem sowohl auf der Eintrittsseite als auch auf der Austrittsseite eine Mehrzahl von Zylinderlinsensegmenten parallel zueinander angeordnet ist. Die Achsen der Zylinderlinsensegmente schließen mit der Basisseite der quaderförmigen Vorrichtung 3, die in x-Richtung verläuft, einen Winkel von 45° ein. Es kann beispielsweise vorgesehen sein, dass die in z-Richtung gemessene Tiefe der durch das Zylinderlinsenarray gebildeten Bikonvex-Zylinderlinsen gleich der zweifachen Brennweite einer jeder dieser Bikonvex-Zylinderlinsen ist. Eine jede der Bikonvex-Zylinderlinsen überführt einen parallelen Lichtstrahl wiederum in einen parallelen Lichtstrahl.In the optical beam transformation apparatus 3, the incident light is rotated by an angle of 90 °. The optical beam transformation device 3 may be a substantially block-shaped block made of a transparent material, on which a plurality of cylindrical lens segments are arranged parallel to one another both on the inlet side and on the outlet side. The axes of the cylindrical lens segments enclose an angle of 45 ° with the base side of the cuboidal device 3, which extends in the x-direction. For example, it can be provided that the depth of the biconvex cylindrical lenses formed in the z-direction is equal to twice the focal length of each of these biconvex cylindrical lenses. Each of the biconvex cylindrical lenses converts a parallel beam of light into a parallel beam of light.
Von einzelnen der emittierenden Abschnitte des Laserdiodenbarrens ausgehende Teilstrahlen erfahren beim Durchgang durch die Vorrichtung 3 eine Drehung um 90°, so dass die einzelnen Teilstrahlen nach dem Durchgang durch die Vorrichtung 3 jeweils nur noch in y-Richtung ausgedehnt sind. Auf diese Weise wird verhindert, dass die aus einzelnen Abschnitten der Lichtquelle 1 hervorgehenden Teilstrahlen aufgrund der vor der Vorrichtung 3 unter Umständen relativ starken Divergenz in x-Richtung einander überlappen, da nach dem Durchgang durch die Vorrichtung 3 nur noch eine beugungsbegrenzte Restdivergenz in x-Richtung vorhanden ist, wohingegen die Divergenz in y-Richtung der ursprünglichen Divergenz in x-Richtung von beispielsweise etwa 0, 1 rad entspricht.Partial beams emanating from individual emitting sections of the laser diode bar undergo a rotation through 90 ° when passing through the device 3, so that the individual partial beams are only extended in the y direction after passing through the device 3. In this way, it is prevented that the partial beams emerging from individual sections of the light source 1 overlap one another due to the relatively strong divergence in the x-direction before the device 3, since after passage through the device 3 only a diffraction-limited residual divergence in the x-direction exists. Direction, whereas the divergence in the y-direction corresponds to the original divergence in the x-direction of, for example, about 0.1 rad.
Ein derartiger in x-Richtung nur unwesentlich divergenter und in y- Richtung moderat divergenter Lichtstrahl kann durch die beispielsweise als asphärische, plankonvexe Zylinderlinse mit Zylinderachse in x-Richtung ausgeführte Slow-Axis-Kollimationslinse 4 hinsichtlich der sich nun in y-Richtung erstreckenden Slow-Axis kollimiert werden (siehe dazu auch Fig. 3 und Fig. 4).Such a light beam that is only slightly divergent in the x-direction and moderately divergent in the y-direction can be detected by the For example, as aspherical, plano-convex cylindrical lens with cylinder axis in the x-direction running slow-axis collimating lens 4 are collimated with respect to the now extending in the y-direction slow axis (see also Fig. 3 and Fig. 4).
Durch eine andere Gestaltung der Fast-Axis-Kollimationslinse 2 und der Slow-Axis-Kollimationslinse 4 kann unter Umständen auf die Vorrichtung 3 zur Strahltransformation verzichtet werden.By a different design of the fast-axis collimating lens 2 and the slow-axis collimating lens 4 can be dispensed with the device 3 for beam transformation under certain circumstances.
Die Mittel 5 zur Festlegung der Wellenlänge des Laserlichtes können als Gitter, insbesondere als Bragg-Gitter oder als Littrow-Gitter ausgeführt sein. Laserlicht 14 einer bestimmten Wellenlänge λ wird von diesem Gitter zu einem, insbesondere kleinen, Teil zurückreflektiert und tritt wieder in den Resonator der Halbleiterlaservorrichtung 1 ein. Dadurch wird der Resonator dazu veranlasst im Wesentlichen auf der zurückreflektierten Wellenlänge λ zu lasern, so dass das aus der Halbleiterlaservorrichtung 1 austretende Laserlicht 14 im Wesentlichen Licht der Wellenlänge λ ist. Die Mittel 5 zur Festlegung der Wellenlänge des Laserlichtes können anstelle der aus Fig. 3 und Fig. 4 ersichtlichen Position auch zwischen der Fast-Axis-Kollimationslinse 2 und der Vorrichtung 3 zur optischen Strahltransformation oder aber auch zwischen der Vorrichtung 3 zur optischen Strahltransformation und der Slow-Axis- Kollimationslinse 4 angeordnet sein. Weiterhin können die Mittel 5 zur Festlegung der Wellenlänge auch in die Fast-Axis-Kollimationslinse 2, in die Vorrichtung 3 zur optischen Strahlstransformation oder in die Slow-Axis-Kollimationslinse 4 integriert sein. Insbesondere könnte dabei in den vorgenannten Bauteilen, beispielsweise durch periodische Brechungsindexvariationen, ein Bragg-Gitter ausgebildet sein.The means 5 for determining the wavelength of the laser light can be embodied as a grating, in particular as a Bragg grating or as a Littrow grating. Laser light 14 of a certain wavelength λ is reflected back from this grating to a, in particular small, part and re-enters the resonator of the semiconductor laser device 1. Thereby, the resonator is caused to substantially laser at the back-reflected wavelength λ, so that the laser light 14 emerging from the semiconductor laser device 1 is substantially light of the wavelength λ. The means 5 for determining the wavelength of the laser light, instead of the apparent from Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 position also between the fast-axis collimating lens 2 and the device 3 for optical beam transformation or between the device 3 for optical beam transformation and the Slow-axis collimating lens 4 may be arranged. Furthermore, the means 5 for determining the wavelength can also be integrated in the fast-axis collimation lens 2, in the optical beam transformation device 3 or in the slow-axis collimation lens 4. In particular, a Bragg grating could be formed in the abovementioned components, for example by periodic refractive index variations.
Die Polarisationsmittel 6 zur Linearpolarisation des Laserlichtes 14 sind in dem abgebildeten Ausführungsbeispiel als würfelförmiger Polarisationsstrahlteiler ausgebildet. Es kommen auch alternative Polarisationsmittel wie beispielsweise Dünnschichtpolarisatoren oder Brewster-Platten in Betracht. Vor dem Eintritt in die Polarisationsmittel 6 zur Linearpolarisation weist das Laserlicht der Halbleiterlaservorrichtung 1 einen linearen Polarisationsgrad von mehr als 90% auf. Nach dem Hindurchtritt durch die Polarisationsmittel 6 zur Linearpolarisation liegt dieser Polarisationsgrad deutlich höher.The polarizing means 6 for the linear polarization of the laser light 14 are in the illustrated embodiment as cube-shaped Polarization beam splitter formed. Alternative polarizers, such as thin film polarizers or Brewster plates, may also be considered. Before entering the polarization means 6 for linear polarization, the laser light of the semiconductor laser device 1 has a linear degree of polarization of more than 90%. After passing through the polarizing means 6 for linear polarization, this degree of polarization is significantly higher.
Nach Hindurchtritt durch die Polarisationsmittel 6 zur Linearpolarisation trifft das Laserlichtes 14 auf die Polarisationsmittel 7 zur Zirkularpolarisation. In diesen Polarisationsmitteln 7 zur Zirkularpolarisation wird das hochgradig linear polarisierte Laserlicht 14 in hochgradig zirkulär polarisiertes Laserlicht 14 umgewandelt. Als Polarisationsmittel 7 zur Zirkularpolarisation des Laserlichtes 14 wird im abgebildeten Ausführungsbeispiel ein Viertelwellenlängenplättchen verwendet. Es können auch andere Polarisationsmittel zur Zirkularpolarisation des Laserlichtes verwendet werden.After passing through the polarization means 6 for linear polarization, the laser light 14 strikes the polarization means 7 for circular polarization. In these polarization means 7 for circular polarization, the highly linearly polarized laser light 14 is converted into highly circularly polarized laser light 14. As a polarizing means 7 for circular polarization of the laser light 14, a quarter-wavelength plate is used in the illustrated embodiment. Other polarizing means may also be used for the circular polarization of the laser light.
Die sich in Ausbreitungsrichtung z des Laserlichtes 14 an die Polarisationsmittel 7 anschließenden ersten und zweiten Homogenisatormittel 8, 9 sind jeweils als transparentes Substrat mit Zylinderlinsenarrays 15, 16, 17, 18 auf der jeweiligen Eintrittsseite und der jeweiligen Austrittsseite ausgebildet. Derartige Homogenisatormittel 8, 9 sind aus dem Stand der Technik hinlänglich bekannt. Insbesondere sind dabei die Brennweiten der Zylinderlinsenarrays 15, 16 der ersten Homogenisatormittel 8 kleiner oder gleich dem Abstand der jeweiligen Eintrittsflächen der Homogenisatormittel 8, 9 zueinander, beziehungsweise kleiner oder gleich dem Abstand der jeweiligen Austrittsflächen der Homogenisatormittel 8, 9 zueinander. Die Zylinderachsen der Zylinderlinsenarrays 15, 17 auf den Eintrittsseiten der Homogenisatormittel 8, 9 sind in dem abgebildeten Ausführungsbeispiel in y-Richtung ausgerichtet. Diese Zylinderlinsenarrays 15, 17 homogenisieren das Laserlicht 14 hinsichtlich der x-Richtung. Die Zylinderachsen der Zylinderlinsenarrays 16, 18 auf den Austrittsseiten der Homogenisatormittel 8, 9 sind in dem abgebildeten Ausführungsbeispiel in x-Richtung ausgerichtet. Diese Zylinderlinsenarrays 16, 18 homogenisieren das Laserlicht 14 hinsichtlich der y-Richtung. Durch die Homogenisatormittel 8, 9 wird das Laserlicht 14 somit in zwei nacheinander angeordneten Stufen hinsichtlich zweier zueinander senkrechter Richtungen x, y homogenisiert.The first and second homogenizing means 8, 9 adjoining the polarizing means 7 in the direction of propagation z of the laser light 14 are each in the form of a transparent substrate with cylindrical lens arrays 15, 16, 17, 18 on the respective inlet side and the respective outlet side. Such homogenizer means 8, 9 are well known in the art. In particular, the focal lengths of the cylindrical lens arrays 15, 16 of the first homogenizer means 8 are less than or equal to the distance between the respective entry surfaces of the homogenizer means 8, 9 to each other, or less than or equal to the distance of the respective exit surfaces of the homogenizer means 8, 9 to each other. The cylinder axes of the cylindrical lens arrays 15, 17 on the entry sides of the homogenizer means 8, 9 are aligned in the y-direction in the illustrated embodiment. These cylindrical lens arrays 15, 17 homogenize the laser light 14 with respect to the x-direction. The cylinder axes of the cylindrical lens arrays 16, 18 on the exit sides of the homogenizer means 8, 9 are aligned in the illustrated embodiment in the x direction. These cylindrical lens arrays 16, 18 homogenize the laser light 14 with respect to the y-direction. By virtue of the homogenizer means 8, 9, the laser light 14 is thus homogenized in two successive stages with respect to two mutually perpendicular directions x, y.
Es besteht alternativ auch die Möglichkeit die Zylinderachsen der Zylinderlinsenarrays 15, 16 des ersten Homogenisatormittels 8 parallel zueinander und beispielsweise in x-Richtung auszurichten. In diesem Fall könnten die Zylinderachsen der Zylinderlinsenarrays 17, 18 des zweiten Homogenisatormittels 9 parallel zueinander und in y- Richtung ausgerichtet sein.Alternatively, it is also possible to align the cylinder axes of the cylindrical lens arrays 15, 16 of the first homogenizer means 8 parallel to one another and, for example, in the x direction. In this case, the cylinder axes of the cylindrical lens arrays 17, 18 of the second homogenizer means 9 could be aligned parallel to one another and in the y direction.
Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, anders aufgebaute Homogenisatormittel zu verwenden. Weiterhin können die Homogenisatormittel auch anders positioniert werden, beispielsweise zwischen den Polarisationsmitteln 6 zur Linearpolarisation und den Polarisationsmitteln 7 zur Zirkularpolarisation.It is also possible to use differently constructed homogenizer means. Furthermore, the homogenizer means can also be positioned differently, for example between the polarization means 6 for linear polarization and the polarization means 7 for circular polarization.
Die Teleskopeinheit 10 besteht in dem abgebildeten Ausführungsbeispiel aus zwei in z-Richtung hintereinander angeordneten sphärischen Linsen 19, 20, die in einem Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind, der der Summe ihrer Brennweiten entspricht. Die Teleskopeinheit 10 dient der Aufweitung der Laserstrahlung 14. Im Bereich der Teleskopeinheit 10 weist das Laserlicht 14 große Divergenzwinkel und einen kleinen Brennpunkt auf.The telescopic unit 10 consists in the illustrated embodiment of two in the z-direction successively arranged spherical lenses 19, 20, which are arranged at a distance from one another, which corresponds to the sum of their focal lengths. The telescope unit 10 serves to widen the laser radiation 14. In the area of the telescope unit 10, this has Laser light 14 large divergence angles and a small focal point.
Die in Ausbreitungsrichtung z des Laserlichtes 14 hinter der Teleskopeinheit 10 angeordnete, als sphärische Plankonvexlinse ausgebildete Linse 1 1 weist einen Abstand zu der Teleskopeinheit 10 oder dem Brennpunkt der Teleskopeinheit 10 auf, der etwa der Brennweite der Linse 1 1 entspricht. Die Brennweite der Linse 1 1 kann beispielsweise 200 mm betragen. Aus Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 ist ersichtlich, dass das Laserlicht 14 in z-Richtung hinter der Linse 1 1 im Wesentlichen kollimiert ist. Dabei kann der Querschnitt des Laserlichtes 14 nach Hindurchtritt durch die Linse 1 1 eine Ausdehnung von beispielsweise 30 mm bis 40 mm betragen.The in the propagation z of the laser light 14 behind the telescope unit 10 arranged, designed as a spherical plano-convex lens 1 1 has a distance from the telescope unit 10 or the focal point of the telescope unit 10, which corresponds approximately to the focal length of the lens 1 1. The focal length of the lens 1 1 may be for example 200 mm. It can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2 that the laser light 14 is substantially collimated in the z-direction behind the lens 11. In this case, the cross section of the laser light 14 after passing through the lens 1 1 may be an extension of, for example, 30 mm to 40 mm.
Anstelle einer sphärischen Plankonvexlinse können beispielsweise auch zwei zueinander gekreuzte Zylinderlinsen Verwendung finden.Instead of a spherical Plano-convex lens, for example, two mutually crossed cylindrical lenses can be used.
Es besteht weiterhin die Möglichkeit, mindestens zwei, insbesondere mehrere Halbleiterlaservorrichtungen 1 zu verwenden. Das von diesen ausgehende Laserlicht kann beispielsweise vor den Polarisationsmitteln 6 zur Linearpolarisation mittels Spiegeln und/oder Prismen miteinander gekoppelt werden. Weiterhin bietet sich auch die Kopplung des von den mindestens zwei Halbleiterlaservorrichtungen 1 ausgehenden Laserlichts in den als Polarisationsstrahlteiler ausgebildeten Polarisationsmitteln 6 zur Linearpolarisation an. It is also possible to use at least two, in particular a plurality of semiconductor laser devices 1. The laser light emanating from these can for example be coupled to one another before the polarization means 6 for linear polarization by means of mirrors and / or prisms. Furthermore, the coupling of the laser light emanating from the at least two semiconductor laser devices 1 into the polarization beam divider 6, which is designed as a polarization beam splitter, also lends itself to linear polarization.

Claims

Patentansprüche: claims:
1. Optische Bestrahlungsvorrichtung, insbesondere für die Polarisation von Alkaliatomen, umfassend1. Optical irradiation device, in particular for the polarization of alkali atoms, comprising
mindestens eine Halbleiterlaservorrichtung (1 ), die Laserlicht (14) erzeugen kann, das hinsichtlich seiner Wellenlänge zur Polarisation der Alkaliatome geeignet ist;at least one semiconductor laser device (1) capable of generating laser light (14) suitable in wavelength for polarization of the alkali atoms;
Polarisationsmittel (7) zur Zirkularpolarisation des von der mindestens einen Halbleiterlaservorrichtung (1 ) erzeugten Laserlichts (14); sowiePolarizing means (7) for circularly polarizing the laser light (14) generated by the at least one semiconductor laser device (1); such as
Mittel für die Einbringung des Laserlichtes (14) in einen Arbeitsbereich, in dem die zu polarisierenden Alkaliatome angeordnet werden können;Means for introducing the laser light (14) into a working area in which the alkali atoms to be polarized can be arranged;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dasscharacterized in that
die Bestrahlungsvorrichtung Mittel (4) zur Festlegung der Wellenlänge des Laserlichtes (14) umfasst, die einen Teil des Laserlichtes (14) in die Halbleiterlaservorrichtung (1 ) zurückkoppeln können, um dadurch die Wellenlänge des Laserlichtes (14) auf eine vorgegebene Wellenlänge oder einen vorgegebenen Wellenlängebereich festzulegen.the irradiation device comprises means (4) for determining the wavelength of the laser light (14) which can couple back a part of the laser light (14) into the semiconductor laser device (1) to thereby adjust the wavelength of the laser light (14) to a predetermined wavelength or a predetermined wavelength Wavelength range.
2. Bestrahlungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (4) zur Festlegung der Wellenlänge des Laserlichtes (14) als Gitter, insbesondere als Bragg-Gitter oder als Littrow-Gitter ausgeführt sind.2. Irradiation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (4) for determining the wavelength of the laser light (14) are designed as a grating, in particular as a Bragg grating or as a Littrow grating.
3. Bestrahlungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2 oder nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bestrahlungsvorrichtung Homogenisatormittel (8, 9) umfasst, die das Laserlicht (14) homogenisieren können.3. Irradiation device according to one of claims 1 or 2 or according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the irradiation device Homogenizer means (8, 9) which can homogenize the laser light (14).
4. Bestrahlungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Homogenisatormittel (8, 9) zweistufig ausgebildet sind.4. irradiation device according to claim 3, characterized in that the homogenizer means (8, 9) are formed in two stages.
5. Bestrahlungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Homogenisatormittel (8, 9) das Laserlicht (14) hinsichtlich zweier zueinander senkrechter Richtungen (x, y) homogenisieren können.5. Irradiation device according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the homogenizer means (8, 9) the laser light (14) with respect to two mutually perpendicular directions (x, y) can homogenize.
6. Bestrahlungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Homogenisatormittel mindestens eine optisch funktionale Grenzfläche mit einem Linsenarray, insbesondere einem Zylinderlinsenarray (15, 16, 17, 18) umfassen.6. Irradiation device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the homogenizer means comprise at least one optically functional interface with a lens array, in particular a cylindrical lens array (15, 16, 17, 18).
7. Bestrahlungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel für die Einbringung des Laserlichtes (14) in einen Arbeitsbereich mindestens eine Linse (1 1 ) umfassen.7. Irradiation device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the means for the introduction of the laser light (14) in a working area comprise at least one lens (1 1).
8. Bestrahlungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bestrahlungsvorrichtung eine Teleskopeinheit (10) umfasst.8. Irradiation device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the irradiation device comprises a telescope unit (10).
9. Vorrichtung zur Hyperpolarisation von Edelgasen, umfassend eine optische Bestrahlungsvorrichtung für die Polarisation von Alkaliatomen sowie Mittel für die Hyperpolarisation eines Edelgases durch Spin-Austausch mit den polarisierten Alkaliatomen, gekennzeichnet durch eine optische Bestrahlungsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8. 9. An apparatus for hyperpolarization of noble gases, comprising an optical irradiation device for the polarization of alkali atoms and means for the hyperpolarization of a noble gas by spin exchange with the polarized alkali atoms, characterized by an optical irradiation device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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US7768705B2 (en) 2010-08-03
JP4964876B2 (en) 2012-07-04

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