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EP1865575A1 - Elektronisch phasengesteuerte Zylinderantenne - Google Patents

Elektronisch phasengesteuerte Zylinderantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1865575A1
EP1865575A1 EP07109696A EP07109696A EP1865575A1 EP 1865575 A1 EP1865575 A1 EP 1865575A1 EP 07109696 A EP07109696 A EP 07109696A EP 07109696 A EP07109696 A EP 07109696A EP 1865575 A1 EP1865575 A1 EP 1865575A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
phase shift
coupler
antenna according
antenna
phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07109696A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1865575B1 (de
Inventor
Claude Chekroun
Michel Soiron
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thales SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thales SA filed Critical Thales SA
Publication of EP1865575A1 publication Critical patent/EP1865575A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1865575B1 publication Critical patent/EP1865575B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
    • H01Q21/005—Slotted waveguides arrays
    • H01Q21/0056—Conically or cylindrically arrayed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
    • H01P1/185—Phase-shifters using a diode or a gas filled discharge tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cylindrical antenna with electronic scanning. It applies for example to equip masts, including ships.
  • Electron scanning antennas are not very suitable for performing circular panoramic applications, unless equipped with a mechanical rotation device.
  • Another solution is to juxtapose several plane antenna panels to cover the 360 °.
  • These solutions are complex or expensive to implement. For these reasons in particular, they are not or poorly suited to applications, such as, for example, marine telecommunication antennas installed at the top of the masts.
  • the microwave sources are arranged on a cylindrical periphery inside the cylinder formed by the set of radiating guides so that each source illuminates a portion of the coupler array, the microwave sources being activated successively.
  • the microwave sources are for example cornets connected to a microwave line switching device, each horn fed by a line.
  • the switching device is for example a SP8T type device.
  • This switch can be made based on MEMS.
  • the incident wave entering the input of a coupler is divided into two waves, these two waves each being reflected on a phase shift cell with identical phases and recomposing themselves into a resulting out-of-phase wave emerging through the output of the coupler juxtaposed to the input.
  • the phase shift cells comprise, for example, diodes, the phase shift applied being a function of the state of the diodes.
  • the phase shift cells comprise, for example, tunable MEMS, the phase shift applied being a function of the impedance of the MEMS, this impedance being controllable.
  • Microwave sources are for example arranged on an inner cylindrical wall, the sources illuminating the couplers in the space available between the inner wall and the radiating guides.
  • the radiating guides are for example slot guides.
  • the main advantages of the invention are that it has low losses, is simple to implement, is compact and is economical.
  • FIG. 1 shows the general appearance of an antenna 1 according to the invention.
  • the latter comprises a series of radiating guides 2 arranged in parallel and forming a cylinder.
  • These radiating guides 2 are fed by a network of phase shifters 3 itself illuminated by microwave sources 4, 4 'distributed circularly.
  • the phase shifter array 3 is disposed at the base of the cylinder.
  • the sources 4 are for example fixed on an inner support 5.
  • the guides are for example fixed on a concentric reinforcement 6 of the previous 5.
  • a group 7 of radiating guides 2 contiguous produces a beam of antenna 8. This beam is produced by the guides illuminated by a microwave source 4 ', via the phase shifters of the network 3, the other sources 4 being inactive.
  • the microwave sources 4 are activated successively so as to rotate the antenna beam 8.
  • the supply mode of the sources 4, 4 'and the control of the phase shifters producing the movements of the antenna beam 8 will be described later. .
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a radiating guide 2 and its associated phase-shifter 21.
  • the radiating guide is for example a resonant slotted guide 22.
  • the phase-shifter comprises an input 27 and an output 28.
  • the input 27 receives the wave 23 emitted by a Microwave source 4. This input 27 is thus disposed opposite this source 4.
  • the output 28 of the phase shifter is arranged facing the radiating guide 2.
  • the wave 24 outgoing phase shifter, and out of phase, enters the slot guide to radiate in known manner.
  • the slots of the guide 2 can be arranged on its short side or on its long side, the slots being oriented towards the outside of the cylinder.
  • the guide may be closed on a microwave short circuit, in which case it operates in resonance.
  • the guide 2 participates in the formation of the antenna beam 8 when its associated phase shifter 21 is illuminated by a source 4.
  • the rotation of the beam around the cylinder is done by activating successively the microwave sources 4. This forms, for example, a scanning in azimuth.
  • the resonant mode guides are replaced by progressive mode guides.
  • a guide is then closed on a microwave load. An offset of 1% in the frequency band, for example, can thus induce a shift of the order of 1 degree.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of a possible embodiment of the phase shifter 21 of FIG. 2.
  • This phase shifter is composed of a waveguide coupler 3db 34 and a pair of phase shift cells 35, 36.
  • 3dB coupler is associated with the pair of phase shift cells operating in reflection, the output of the coupler being arranged opposite the phase shift cells.
  • the incident wave E coming from a microwave source 4 passing through the input 27 of the coupler 34, is distributed in two incident waves E1, E2 towards the two phase shift cells 35, 36. These two cells reflect these waves. incidental with identical phase shifts.
  • the reflected waves S1, S2 enter the coupler 34 to recompose with each other.
  • the resulting wave S then emerges from the output 28 of the coupler, juxtaposed at the input 27, with a phase shift ⁇ with respect to the incident wave E.
  • the resulting output wave S enters the slot guide 2.
  • a value of the phase shift ⁇ applied to the incident wave and reflected in the waveguide 2 creates a given angular offset of the antenna beam 8. This shift is made in a plane perpendicular to the axis 20 of the guides wave, so for example in azimuth.
  • the electronic scanning 10 of the antenna beam 8 is performed in a known manner by varying the phase shift ⁇ . This electronic sweep 10 is superimposed on the rotation of the antenna beam 8 around the cylinder forming the antenna.
  • Figures 4a and 4b illustrate a possible embodiment of the phase shifter array 3
  • Figure 4b is a partial view of Figure 4a. More particularly, these figures show an embodiment of the network formed by the phase shift cells 35, 36 of the phase-shifters 21. These cells are for example implanted on a circular printed circuit 41 having a given width Lc. Two cells 35, 36 assigned to the same phase-shifter are contiguous and arranged radially. Two pairs of cells are radially separated by an area 42. This area is for example a printed conductive track. Its width, not constant, corresponds substantially to the width of the walls of a coupler 3dB. 3dB couplers are for example welded to these areas 42.
  • the printed circuit 41 is for example fixed on a mechanical structure not shown, of circular shape. This structure also supports for example the inner wall 5.
  • Each phase shift cell 35, 36 comprises a microwave circuit and a conductive plane substantially parallel to the microwave circuit.
  • the microwave circuit and the conductive plane can be advantageously made in the printed circuit 41 which is then of the multilayer type.
  • the main purpose of the conducting plane is to reflect the waves E1, E2 described above, and then the microwave circuit effects the phase shift.
  • the phase shift cells 35, 36 are for example made using diodes as described in the French patent application published under number 2 807 213. In this case, the phase shift ⁇ applied depends on the state of the diodes.
  • the phase shifts can also be realized by inductances or variable capacities.
  • MEMS micro-electromechanical systems
  • MEMS micro-electromechanical systems
  • CM Tasseti G. Bazin-Lissorgues
  • JP Gilles JP Gilles
  • P. Nicole "New Tunable MEMS Inductors Design for RF and Microwave Applications”
  • MEMSWAVE Conference 2003, July 2 - 4, 2003, Toulouse, France the microwave circuit of the phase shift cells 35, 36 thus comprises the aforementioned MEMS.
  • the applied phase shift then depends on the impedance presented by these MEMS, this impedance, inductive or capacitive, being controllable.
  • the control circuits of the phase shift cells are not shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b. These circuits may for example be located on the rear face of the printed circuit supporting the phase shift cells. This printed circuit may advantageously be of the multilayer type to allow the passage of electrical connections between the phase shift cells and their control circuits.
  • FIG. 4c illustrates a possible embodiment of all of the couplers 3dB 21 which couple with the printed circuit 41.
  • These couplers 21 each coupled to a pair of phase shift cells 35, 36 can form a single circular part 45. This part is then reported on the printed circuit 41.
  • the guides 34 constituting the couplers are for example machined in the same metal part.
  • the radiating waveguides 2 are then placed opposite the waveguides forming the outputs of the couplers 3dB.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the mode of illumination of the phase-shifters by the microwave sources 4. More particularly, FIG. 5 illustrates the illumination of the inputs 27 of the phase-shifters by a source 4.
  • This source comprises for example a horn 51. This horn is it - even powered by a microwave. This is the microwave wave to emit, itself previously amplified. The horn 51 radiates this wave to the phase shifters.
  • the radiation 52 produced by the source 4 illuminates the phase shifters 21 over a length C, this length being circular as illustrated by the representation of this length in FIG. 4a.
  • the microwave source adjacent to the source 4 shown in FIG. 5 produces a radiation that illuminates the phase-shifters over a length C1. This length overlaps the length C previous as shown in Figure 4a.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the radiation of FIG. 5.
  • the source 4 fixed at the top of the inner wall 5 illuminates the free space between the internal cylindrical wall 5 and the wall formed by the non-radiating faces of the guides. Wave 2. More particularly, the source 4 illuminates the inputs 27 of the phase-shifters 21. The waves emitted by the source 4 thus enter the phase-shifters 21, are phase shifted and then penetrate into the waveguides 2 whose inputs are connected to the outputs 28 phase shifters.
  • the microwave sources 4, including the horns 51 are for example connected to a microwave switch. This switch has an input that receives the wave to be transmitted and several outputs each connected to a horn.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a microwave switching device that can advantageously be used.
  • This switching device is for example a switch 71 of the SP8T type having an input and eight outputs.
  • This SP8T type switch can be made based on PIN or MEMS-based diodes.
  • the switch 71 has an input 72 and eight outputs 73.
  • the input 72 and the outputs 73 are for example adapted to connect to microwave lines of coaxial type. Such a line connects each horn 51 to the switch 71.
  • the incoming wave in the switch is thus successively switched to the different outputs. In this way, the horns arranged around the inner cylinder are successively fed as described above.
  • the cylinder forming an antenna according to the invention may have a base forming a circle as illustrated by the figures. It may, however, have a base that does not form a circle.
  • the shapes of the phase shift cell arrays, in particular the printed circuit 41, and coupler arrays are adapted.
  • An antenna according to the invention of cylindrical shape, can easily integrate with the mast of a ship for example, the antenna then being arranged around the mast.
  • Another advantage of an antenna according to the invention is in particular the technological simplicity.
  • the different embodiments illustrated by the Figures showed the technological simplicity as well as the types of components used. This antenna also has low losses because of the components used which introduce themselves little loss.
  • the length of the radiating guides 2 may be of the order of 30 centimeters for example and the diameter of the cylinder may be of the order of one meter. The result is a relatively compact and space-saving antenna.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP07109696A 2006-06-06 2007-06-06 Elektronisch phasengesteuerte Zylinderantenne Not-in-force EP1865575B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0605005A FR2901921B1 (fr) 2006-06-06 2006-06-06 Antenne cylindrique a balayage electronique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1865575A1 true EP1865575A1 (de) 2007-12-12
EP1865575B1 EP1865575B1 (de) 2009-11-25

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Family Applications (1)

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EP07109696A Not-in-force EP1865575B1 (de) 2006-06-06 2007-06-06 Elektronisch phasengesteuerte Zylinderantenne

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US7548212B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1865575B1 (de)
DE (1) DE602007003402D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2901921B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111710993A (zh) * 2020-07-21 2020-09-25 内蒙古工业大学 一种基于虚拟阵元的波束扫描方法及装置

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DE602007003402D1 (de) 2010-01-07
US20080088520A1 (en) 2008-04-17
EP1865575B1 (de) 2009-11-25
FR2901921A1 (fr) 2007-12-07
US7548212B2 (en) 2009-06-16

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