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EP1813385A1 - Method of burnishing a hard material and decorated workpiece made from a hard, burnished material - Google Patents

Method of burnishing a hard material and decorated workpiece made from a hard, burnished material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1813385A1
EP1813385A1 EP06100975A EP06100975A EP1813385A1 EP 1813385 A1 EP1813385 A1 EP 1813385A1 EP 06100975 A EP06100975 A EP 06100975A EP 06100975 A EP06100975 A EP 06100975A EP 1813385 A1 EP1813385 A1 EP 1813385A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
abrasive tool
piece
abrasive
binder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06100975A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
François Besson
Renato Gonano
Jocelyn Kohler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Comadur SA
Original Assignee
Comadur SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Comadur SA filed Critical Comadur SA
Priority to EP06100975A priority Critical patent/EP1813385A1/en
Priority to JP2008551750A priority patent/JP5053293B2/en
Priority to AT07703829T priority patent/ATE507932T1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2007/050288 priority patent/WO2007085537A1/en
Priority to EP07703829A priority patent/EP1984147B1/en
Priority to DE602007014326T priority patent/DE602007014326D1/en
Priority to CN2007800069306A priority patent/CN101389447B/en
Publication of EP1813385A1 publication Critical patent/EP1813385A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
    • A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/008—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding ceramics, pottery, table ware
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/14—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding turbine blades, propeller blades or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D2203/00—Tool surfaces formed with a pattern

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of surface treatments. It relates more specifically to a method of satinizing a workpiece of a hard material, such as a ceramic, a cermet or a hard metal.
  • Satin is a finishing operation of a surface, intended to give it a particular appearance between the glossy aspect and the matte appearance. It can be made on materials as diverse as glass, metal, plastic or even wood.
  • the processes, aimed at obtaining a slight frosting of the surface, are of a chemical or mechanical nature, depending on the material to be treated.
  • the glazing of the glass is, for example, generally carried out by etching in a bath based on hydrofluoric acid.
  • metals such as steel, gold, brass, are usually satined by mechanical abrasion using a grinding wheel with grains of oxide or silicon carbide.
  • hard material materials having a Vickers hardness greater than 1000 HV. These materials are generally chemically very stable, difficult to machine and resist chemical etching. In watchmaking, they are used for their mechanical properties, in particular because they scratch hard. They serve, for example, to make pieces such as boxes or bracelet links. Their surface condition is usually polished, which gives them a shiny appearance.
  • the present invention provides this type of process.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain surfaces of hard material with a satin appearance.
  • the invention finally relates to an ornamental piece made of a material having a Vickers hardness greater than 1000 HV of which at least one surface has micro-grooves substantially parallel to each other, with a substantially V profile.
  • the installation shown in FIG. 1 conventionally comprises a handpiece holder 10 on which is fixed a piece 12 of hard material or having at least one outer layer of hard material, and an abrasive tool 14.
  • Part 12 is, for example , a watch strap link of substantially parallelepiped shape, the outer surface 16 is flat. Alternatively, the surface 16 could form a portion of torus, or sphere.
  • the hard material is, for example, a ceramic material such as an aluminum oxide (Al2O3), a zirconium oxide (ZrO2), a carbide, a nitride, a cermet, a hard metal or any other Vickers hardness material. greater than 1000 HV.
  • the part 12 is previously polished by a method well known to those skilled in the art. In a variant of the process, it could be rough sintering or machining.
  • the abrasive tool 14 is formed of an endless abrasive belt 18 and two guide rollers 20a and 20b, axes respectively AA and BB, at least one of which is rotated by a motor not shown.
  • the strip 18 is mounted taut on the two guide rollers 20a and 20b distant by a distance greater than the sum of their radii, so as to be driven by the effect of friction.
  • It consists of a substrate 22, such as a ribbon, and an active portion 23 integral with the substrate 22 and formed of abrasive particles agglomerated with a binder. According to the invention, it has particular structural characteristics which will be explained later.
  • each particle of the strip 18 describes a path substantially in a plane perpendicular to the axes AA and BB.
  • P1 the family of planes parallel to each other, in which the trajectories of the abrasive particles are inscribed.
  • the abrasive belt 18 being driven by at least one of the guide rollers 20a and 20b, the surface 16 is brought into contact with it.
  • the longitudinal axis of the part 12 is positioned perpendicularly to the planes P1. Depending on the desired saturation effect, the longitudinal axis of the part 12 could also be arranged parallel to the direction of movement of the particles, or form any angle with it. Regardless of the orientation of the part 12 with respect to the direction of movement of the particles, it must remain substantially constant during the satinizing operation.
  • the part 12 is then slightly pressed against the abrasive belt 18 so as to engrave parallel micro-grooves, having a profile substantially V, about 2 microns depth.
  • the piece 12 is held motionless, or moves, in a controlled manner, along a path in a plane P2 substantially parallel to the planes P1.
  • This type of displacement of the part 12 makes it possible to form rectilinear grooves on the surface 16.
  • the part 12 moves in a controlled manner, in a plane P3 that is not parallel to the planes P1, which makes it possible to generate parallel grooves more or less curved on the surface 16.
  • the surface effect obtained is a satin effect with reflections according to the curves of the grooves.
  • the relative displacement of the part 12 and the abrasive belt 18 must be such that the superposition of non-parallel micro-grooves on the surface 16 is avoided. Indeed, such a superposition destroys the desired saturation effect. It will be noted, in particular, that a displacement of the part 12 in the plane of the abrasive belt 18, not parallel to the trajectory of the particles, produces a non-satin appearance unsightly, due to the superposition of non-parallel grooves between them .
  • a cam forming a gutter of radius of curvature R L or R I according to the orientation of the part 12 with respect to the strip 18, can be arranged behind the abrasive belt 18, so as to guide the latter and serve as a support to the piece 12.
  • the abrasive belt 18 used for the process of satinizing a ceramic part according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 2a. It is formed of a flexible substrate 22 of fortified paper, canvas or cardboard, and an active portion 23 integral with the substrate and formed of abrasive particles 24 agglomerated with a binder.
  • the abrasive particles 24 are calibrated diamond grains with a diameter of approximately 40 microns. Depending on the desired saturation effect, a grain size greater or less than 40 microns will be chosen.
  • the active part 23 comprising the abrasive particles 24 does not cover the substrate 22 uniformly, but not uniform and not random.
  • the active part 23 is distributed on the substrate 22 in aggregates forming patterns regularly distributed on its surface.
  • this distribution is periodic, as is the case in FIG. 2a where the active part 23 forms circular pills 26 arranged staggered on the substrate 22.
  • the pellets 26 have a diameter of about 0.7 mm, and are distant from each other. 1 mm.
  • Each consists of a large number of particles 24 agglomerated together with a metal binder, in this case nickel.
  • the active portion 23 is distributed on the substrate 22 in aggregates forming two horseshoes back to back. As before, these patterns are staggered on the substrate 22.
  • Such abrasive belts are sold by the company 3M under the references 6400 J N40 F and 6480 J N40, and the company Meister Abrasives under the references Dia-Pellet N40 and Dia-Link N40.
  • the use of these strips combined with the described procedure makes it possible to obtain, on pieces made of hard material, a particularly aesthetic satin effect.
  • the method according to the invention is not limited to the use of the bands described above. Any other abrasive strip having a spatial distribution of the active portion 23 in regular aggregates distributed on the surface of the substrate, is within the scope of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 A photograph taken under a scanning electron microscope of a view of the surface 16 after the satin finishing operation is given in FIG. 3.
  • the surface 16 is striated with microgrooves substantially parallel to one another, having a substantially V-shaped profile. a depth of between 0.1 and 2 microns and a width of between 1 and 30 microns. The interaction of the visible light with the micro-grooves produces the satin aspect of the surface 16.
  • FIG. 4a schematically represents a first numerically controlled machining machine used for the automatic satin process according to the invention.
  • the machining machine conventionally comprises a cylindrical carrier 30 of axis CC and an abrasive tool 32 with cylindrical symmetry, axis DD parallel to the axis CC.
  • the part 12, with an outer surface 16, is fastened loosely to the workpiece holder 30, its longitudinal axis being parallel to the axis CC of the piece holder 30.
  • the radius R pp of the workpiece carrier 30 is such that the radius of curvature transverse R I of the workpiece 12, is equal to the sum of the radius of the workpiece carrier 30 and the thickness e of the workpiece 12.
  • the abrasive tool 32 is formed of a cylindrical support symmetrical aluminum, on which is attached an abrasive belt 18.
  • the abrasive belt 18 is of the type of strip used for the manual process described above.
  • Active part 23 is distributed on the substrate 22 in regularly distributed aggregates. These form patterns arranged periodically on the substrate 22.
  • the abrasive tool 32 is a grinding wheel formed of a support 34 having cylindrical symmetry of aluminum, and an active portion 23 integral with the support and consisting of particles 24 taken in a binder.
  • the distribution of the active part 23 on the support 22 is uniform.
  • the binder is of the vitrified type. It is formed of a ceramic compound based on SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, B 2 O 3, Na 2 O, K 2 O, CaO and ZnO. This type of grinding wheel is known and marketed under the name vitreous bonded grinding wheel.
  • the piece holder 30 and the abrasive tool 32 are separated by an initial distance greater than the sum of their two radii. They are rotated about their respective axes CC and DD by a motor not shown.
  • the abrasive tool 32 mounted to move in translation along a path that is straight at first until it comes into contact with the workpiece 12, then circular so as to remain tangent to the workpiece 12.
  • the distance of the tool 32 to the carrier 30 is slightly less than the thickness e of the part 12, in order to exert a slight pressure thereon.
  • the distance d is set according to the desired saturation effect.
  • the workpiece holder 30 and the tool 32 rotate about their respective axes CC and DD, and simultaneously, the abrasive tool 32 moves in translation on its trajectory.
  • the particles and the part 12 describe trajectories forming in planes parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axes CC and DD.
  • Note P1 the family of planes in which the trajectories of the particles and P2 the plane in which the trajectory of the part is inscribed.
  • the satin process thus described is optimal for conditions of speed of rotation and advance of the tool 32, and speed of rotation of the workpiece carrier 30, determined.
  • the axes CC and DD respectively of the workpiece holder 30 and of the tool 32 can be arranged perpendicularly or in a completely different orientation, without leaving the framework of the invention.
  • the geometry of the workpiece carrier 30 and the tool 32 must be adapted to the chosen arrangement.
  • the satin obtained then has a particular effect, due to the curvature of the grooves.
  • the automatic glazing method according to the invention can also be applied to parts 12 whose outer surface 16 is flat.
  • the part 12 is fixed to the cylindrical carrier 30, or to a flat workpiece.
  • the abrasive tool 32 is driven, as previously described, a rotational movement combined with a translational movement.
  • the trajectory of the abrasive tool 32 is rectilinear.
  • the workpiece holder 30 is arranged so that the surface 16 is placed in the path of the tool 32, parallel to its speed of advance.
  • the profile of the tool 32 is straight so as to conform to the surface 16.
  • the optimum values of the rotational speed of the tool 32, and of the translation speed are possibly different from the values mentioned above.
  • FIG. 5a schematically showing a second installation for the process of satinizing a ceramic according to the invention.
  • the installation comprises a fixed holder 38 and an abrasive tool 32 as used for the automatic method described above.
  • the abrasive tool 32 is rotatably mounted on a fixed frame 40, its axis EE being disposed horizontally.
  • its axis EE is mounted mobile in translation along a path forming a circular arc of radius of curvature the transverse radius of curvature R I of the workpiece 12.
  • the workpiece holder 38 is disposed in the vicinity of the frame 40 so that the surface 16 of the part 12 is tangent to the tool 32 over the entire trajectory thereof.
  • the tool 32 sweeps its path in a movement back and forth, while turning on itself. It presses weakly on the part 12 so as to form rectilinear grooves parallel to each other on the entire surface 16. This then takes on a satin appearance.
  • the workpiece holder 38 is formed of a disk 42 of axis FF comprising four supports 44a, 44b, 44c, 44d regularly distributed at its periphery, as shown, in plan view, in Figure 5b.
  • a part 12 is automatically loaded before the satinizing operation, and then discharged in the same way after this operation.
  • the disk 42 performs a quarter turn, in order to present a new part to the abrasive tool 32.
  • the second installation for a satin process according to the invention may, like the first one, be adapted for the satinization of flat surfaces.
  • the profile of the abrasive tool 32 is straight, and the path followed by its axis is rectilinear.
  • the automatic process of satinizing a piece of hard material can be performed using an abrasive tool 32 as used for the satinization of a metal part. It is possible, for example, to use a grinding wheel with diamond particles or silicon carbide, and a binder made of synthetic resin. However, the result obtained with such a grinding wheel is of a quality substantially lower than the quality obtained with the choice of abrasive tools according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves providing a part holder (10) and an abrading tool (14) having a substrate (22), and an active part (23) fastened to the substrate. A part in hard material (12) e.g. watch strap link, is fixed to the part holder. A relative movement is made at the part and the tool so that a surface (16) is in contact with the part (23) on a portion of trajectory of the part (12) and the tool (14) for forming grooves parallel between them on the surface (16), where the part (23) has cluster forming patterns distributed regularly on the substrate.

Description

L'invention se rapporte au domaine des traitements de surface. Elle concerne plus précisément un procédé de satinage d'une pièce en un matériau dur, tel qu'une céramique, un cermet ou un métal dur.The invention relates to the field of surface treatments. It relates more specifically to a method of satinizing a workpiece of a hard material, such as a ceramic, a cermet or a hard metal.

Le satinage est une opération de finition d'une surface, destinée à lui donner un aspect particulier situé entre l'aspect brillant et l'aspect mat. Il peut être réalisé sur des matériaux aussi divers que le verre, le métal, le plastique ou même le bois. Les procédés, visant à obtenir un léger dépoli de la surface, sont de nature chimique ou mécanique, en fonction du matériau à traiter.Satin is a finishing operation of a surface, intended to give it a particular appearance between the glossy aspect and the matte appearance. It can be made on materials as diverse as glass, metal, plastic or even wood. The processes, aimed at obtaining a slight frosting of the surface, are of a chemical or mechanical nature, depending on the material to be treated.

Le satinage du verre est, par exemple, généralement réalisé par attaque dans un bain à base d'acide fluorhydrique. En revanche, les métaux tels que l'acier, l'or, le laiton, sont habituellement satinés par abrasion mécanique à l'aide d'une meule dotée de grains en oxyde ou carbure de silicium.The glazing of the glass is, for example, generally carried out by etching in a bath based on hydrofluoric acid. On the other hand, metals such as steel, gold, brass, are usually satined by mechanical abrasion using a grinding wheel with grains of oxide or silicon carbide.

Dans l'industrie horlogère, des matériaux variés sont utilisés pour la fabrication de boîtes ou de bracelets d'aspect divers. C'est pourquoi, il est fait un usage important de tous types de procédés de satinage. A ce jour, pourtant, bien que l'emploi de matériaux durs, tels que les céramiques, soit très répandu en horlogerie, aucun procédé chimique ou mécanique de satinage de tels matériaux n'est divulgué.In the watch industry, various materials are used for the manufacture of boxes or bracelets of various appearance. Therefore, it is important to use all types of satin processes. To this day, however, although the use of hard materials, such as ceramics, is widespread in watchmaking, no chemical or mechanical process of satinizing such materials is disclosed.

Par matériau dur, on entendra les matériaux présentant une dureté Vickers supérieure à 1000 HV. Ces matériaux sont généralement chimiquement très stables, difficilement usinables et résistent bien à la gravure chimique. En horlogerie, ils sont utilisés pour leurs propriétés mécaniques, en particulier parce qu'ils se rayent difficilement. Ils servent, par exemple, à fabriquer des pièces telles que des boîtes ou des chaînons de bracelet. Leur état de surface est habituellement l'état poli, ce qui leur confère un aspect brillant.By hard material is meant materials having a Vickers hardness greater than 1000 HV. These materials are generally chemically very stable, difficult to machine and resist chemical etching. In watchmaking, they are used for their mechanical properties, in particular because they scratch hard. They serve, for example, to make pieces such as boxes or bracelet links. Their surface condition is usually polished, which gives them a shiny appearance.

Il serait avantageux, afin de procurer un effet esthétique particulier à une pièce d'horlogerie, de bijouterie ou d'ornement en général, de disposer d'un procédé de satinage de matériaux durs, en particulier de matériaux céramiques.It would be advantageous, in order to provide a particular aesthetic effect to a timepiece, jewelery or ornament in general, to have a method of satinizing hard materials, in particular ceramic materials.

La présente invention propose ce type de procédé. Grâce à la sélection de deux outils abrasifs présentant des caractéristiques particulières, le procédé selon l'invention permet d'obtenir des surfaces de matériau dur à l'aspect satiné.The present invention provides this type of process. By selecting two abrasive tools with particular characteristics, the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain surfaces of hard material with a satin appearance.

Plus précisément, l'invention concerne un procédé de satinage d'une pièce en un matériau présentant une dureté Vickers supérieure à 1000 HV, comportant une surface à traiter. Selon l'invention, le procédé comprend les principales étapes suivantes :

  • se munir d'un porte-pièce et d'un outil abrasif comportant un substrat et une partie active solidaire du substrat et formée de particules calibrées agglomérées à l'aide d'un liant,
  • fixer la pièce au porte pièce,
  • donner à la pièce et à l'outil abrasif un mouvement relatif, de sorte que la surface est au contact de l'outil sur une portion au moins de leurs trajectoires, de façon à former sur la surface des sillons sensiblement parallèles entre eux,
    la partie active étant constituée d'agrégats formant des motifs répartis régulièrement sur le substrat.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de satinage d'une pièce en un matériau présentant une dureté Vickers supérieure à 1000 HV, comportant une surface à traiter. Selon l'invention, le procédé comprend les principales étapes suivantes :
  • se munir d'un porte-pièce et d'un outil abrasif comportant un substrat et une partie active solidaire du substrat et formée de particules calibrées agglomérées à l'aide d'un liant,
  • fixer la pièce au porte pièce,
  • donner à la pièce et à l'outil abrasif un mouvement relatif, de sorte que la surface est au contact de la partie active sur une portion au moins des trajectoires de la pièce et de l'outil abrasif, de façon à former sur la surface des sillons sensiblement parallèles entre eux,
    le liant étant de type vitrifié.
More specifically, the invention relates to a method of satinizing a workpiece of a material having a Vickers hardness greater than 1000 HV, comprising a surface to be treated. According to the invention, the method comprises the following main steps:
  • provide a workpiece holder and an abrasive tool comprising a substrate and an active part secured to the substrate and formed of calibrated particles agglomerated with a binder,
  • fix the piece to the coin holder,
  • giving the piece and the abrasive tool a relative movement, so that the surface is in contact with the tool on at least a portion of their trajectories, so as to form on the surface substantially parallel grooves between them,
    the active part consisting of aggregates forming patterns regularly distributed on the substrate.
The invention also relates to a process for satinizing a workpiece made of a material having a Vickers hardness greater than 1000 HV, comprising a surface to be treated. According to the invention, the method comprises the following main steps:
  • provide a workpiece holder and an abrasive tool comprising a substrate and an active part secured to the substrate and formed of calibrated particles agglomerated with a binder,
  • fix the piece to the coin holder,
  • giving the workpiece and the abrasive tool a relative movement, so that the surface is in contact with the active part on at least a portion of the trajectories of the workpiece and the abrasive tool, so as to form on the surface grooves substantially parallel to each other,
    the binder being of vitrified type.

L'invention concerne enfin une pièce d'ornement en un matériau présentant une dureté Vickers supérieure à 1000 HV dont une surface au moins présente des micro-sillons sensiblement parallèles entre eux, de profil sensiblement en V.The invention finally relates to an ornamental piece made of a material having a Vickers hardness greater than 1000 HV of which at least one surface has micro-grooves substantially parallel to each other, with a substantially V profile.

L'invention sera mieux comprise en regard du dessin annexé dans lequel:

  • la figure 1 est une vue de dessus schématique d'une installation destinée à un procédé manuel de satinage selon l'invention,
  • les figures 2a et 2b illustrent les surfaces respectives de deux bandes abrasives employées pour ce procédé,
  • la figure 3 est une photographie prise au microscope électronique d'une surface satinée à l'aide du procédé selon l'invention,
  • la figure 4a est une vue schématique d'un premier exemple d'installation utilisée pour un procédé automatique de satinage selon l'invention,
  • la figure 4b est une vue en coupe axiale d'une meule employée pour ce procédé,
  • la figure 5a est une vue schématique d'un deuxième exemple d'installation utilisée pour un procédé automatique de satinage selon l'invention, et
  • la figure 5b représente schématiquement un porte-pièce pour chargement automatique destiné à cette deuxième installation.
The invention will be better understood with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of an installation intended for a manual satin process according to the invention,
  • Figures 2a and 2b illustrate the respective surfaces of two abrasive belts used for this process,
  • FIG. 3 is a photograph taken under the electron microscope of a satin surface using the method according to the invention,
  • FIG. 4a is a schematic view of a first example of an installation used for an automatic satin process according to the invention,
  • FIG. 4b is a view in axial section of a grinding wheel used for this process,
  • FIG. 5a is a schematic view of a second example of an installation used for an automatic satin process according to the invention, and
  • FIG. 5b diagrammatically represents an automatic load carrier for this second installation.

L'installation représentée en figure 1 comprend classiquement un porte-pièce à main 10 sur lequel est fixée une pièce 12 en matériau dur ou comportant au moins une couche externe en matériau dur, et un outil abrasif 14. La pièce 12 est, par exemple, un maillon de bracelet de montre, de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique, dont la surface extérieure 16 est plane. En variante, la surface 16 pourrait former une portion de tore, ou de sphère. Le matériau dur est, par exemple, un matériau céramique tel qu'un oxyde d'aluminium (Al2O3), un oxyde de zirconium (Zr02), un carbure, un nitrure, un cermet, un métal dur ou tout autre matériau de dureté Vickers supérieure à 1000 HV. La pièce 12 est préalablement polie par un procédé bien connu de l'homme de métier. Dans une variante du procédé, elle pourrait être brute de frittage ou d'usinage.The installation shown in FIG. 1 conventionally comprises a handpiece holder 10 on which is fixed a piece 12 of hard material or having at least one outer layer of hard material, and an abrasive tool 14. Part 12 is, for example , a watch strap link of substantially parallelepiped shape, the outer surface 16 is flat. Alternatively, the surface 16 could form a portion of torus, or sphere. The hard material is, for example, a ceramic material such as an aluminum oxide (Al2O3), a zirconium oxide (ZrO2), a carbide, a nitride, a cermet, a hard metal or any other Vickers hardness material. greater than 1000 HV. The part 12 is previously polished by a method well known to those skilled in the art. In a variant of the process, it could be rough sintering or machining.

L'outil abrasif 14 est formé d'une bande abrasive sans fin 18 et de deux rouleaux de guidage 20a et 20b, d'axes respectivement AA et BB, dont l'un au moins est entraîné en rotation par un moteur non représenté. La bande 18 est montée tendue sur les deux rouleaux de guidage 20a et 20b distants d'une distance supérieure à la somme de leurs rayons, de façon à être entraînée par effet de frottement. Elle est constituée d'un substrat 22, tel qu'un ruban, et d'une partie active 23 solidaire du substrat 22 et formée de particules abrasives agglomérées à l'aide d'un liant. Selon l'invention, elle présente des caractéristiques structurelles particulières qui seront explicitées ultérieurement. Lorsque la bande abrasive 18 est en mouvement, chaque particule de la bande 18 décrit une trajectoire s'inscrivant sensiblement dans un plan perpendiculaire aux axes AA et BB. On note P1 la famille de plans parallèles entre eux, dans lesquels s'inscrivent les trajectoires des particules abrasives.The abrasive tool 14 is formed of an endless abrasive belt 18 and two guide rollers 20a and 20b, axes respectively AA and BB, at least one of which is rotated by a motor not shown. The strip 18 is mounted taut on the two guide rollers 20a and 20b distant by a distance greater than the sum of their radii, so as to be driven by the effect of friction. It consists of a substrate 22, such as a ribbon, and an active portion 23 integral with the substrate 22 and formed of abrasive particles agglomerated with a binder. According to the invention, it has particular structural characteristics which will be explained later. When the abrasive belt 18 is in motion, each particle of the strip 18 describes a path substantially in a plane perpendicular to the axes AA and BB. We denote by P1 the family of planes parallel to each other, in which the trajectories of the abrasive particles are inscribed.

La bande abrasive 18 étant entraînée par l'un au moins des rouleaux de guidage 20a et 20b, la surface 16 est amenée à son contact. L'axe longitudinal de la pièce 12 est positionné perpendiculairement aux plans P1. Selon l'effet de satinage recherché, l'axe longitudinal de la pièce 12 pourrait également être disposé parallèlement à la direction de déplacement des particules, ou former un angle quelconque avec elle. Quelle que soit l'orientation de la pièce 12 par rapport à la direction de déplacement des particules, elle doit rester sensiblement constante durant l'opération de satinage. La pièce 12 est ensuite légèrement pressée contre la bande abrasive 18 de façon à graver des micro-sillons parallèles entre eux, présentant un profil sensiblement en V, de profondeur 2 microns environ.The abrasive belt 18 being driven by at least one of the guide rollers 20a and 20b, the surface 16 is brought into contact with it. The longitudinal axis of the part 12 is positioned perpendicularly to the planes P1. Depending on the desired saturation effect, the longitudinal axis of the part 12 could also be arranged parallel to the direction of movement of the particles, or form any angle with it. Regardless of the orientation of the part 12 with respect to the direction of movement of the particles, it must remain substantially constant during the satinizing operation. The part 12 is then slightly pressed against the abrasive belt 18 so as to engrave parallel micro-grooves, having a profile substantially V, about 2 microns depth.

Afin d'obtenir l'effet de satinage souhaité, la pièce 12 est maintenue immobile, ou se déplace, de façon contrôlée, selon une trajectoire s'inscrivant dans un plan P2 sensiblement parallèle aux plans P1. Ce type de déplacement de la pièce 12 permet de former des sillons rectilignes sur la surface 16. Dans une variante du procédé, la pièce 12 se déplace de façon contrôlée, dans un plan P3 non parallèle aux plans P1, ce qui permet de générer des sillons parallèles plus ou moins courbes sur la surface 16. L'effet de surface obtenu est un effet satiné avec des reflets suivant les courbes des sillons. Quelle que soit l'inclinaison du plan P3 par rapport aux plans P1, le déplacement relatif de la pièce 12 et de la bande abrasive 18 doit être tel que la superposition de micro-sillons non parallèles sur la surface 16 soit évitée. En effet, une telle superposition détruit l'effet de satinage recherché. On notera, en particulier, qu'un déplacement de la pièce 12 dans le plan de la bande abrasive 18, non parallèlement à la trajectoire des particules, produit un aspect non satiné peu esthétique, du fait de la superposition de sillons non parallèles entre eux.In order to obtain the desired saturation effect, the piece 12 is held motionless, or moves, in a controlled manner, along a path in a plane P2 substantially parallel to the planes P1. This type of displacement of the part 12 makes it possible to form rectilinear grooves on the surface 16. In one variant of the method, the part 12 moves in a controlled manner, in a plane P3 that is not parallel to the planes P1, which makes it possible to generate parallel grooves more or less curved on the surface 16. The surface effect obtained is a satin effect with reflections according to the curves of the grooves. Regardless of the inclination of the plane P3 with respect to the planes P1, the relative displacement of the part 12 and the abrasive belt 18 must be such that the superposition of non-parallel micro-grooves on the surface 16 is avoided. Indeed, such a superposition destroys the desired saturation effect. It will be noted, in particular, that a displacement of the part 12 in the plane of the abrasive belt 18, not parallel to the trajectory of the particles, produces a non-satin appearance unsightly, due to the superposition of non-parallel grooves between them .

Lorsque la surface 16 forme une portion de tore de rayons de courbure longitudinal et transversal respectivement RL et RI, la pression de la pièce 12 contre la bande abrasive 18 permet de déformer cette dernière de façon à épouser partiellement ou totalement la surface 16. Si la déformation de la bande 18 ne suffit pas, un léger mouvement de rotation autour des axes respectivement longitudinal et transversal de la pièce 12 permet de mettre au contact de la bande 18 l'intégralité de la surface 16. Dans une variante du procédé, une came formant une gouttière de rayon de courbure RL ou RI selon l'orientation de la pièce 12 par rapport à la bande 18, peut être disposée derrière la bande abrasive 18, de façon à guider celle-ci et servir d'appui à la pièce 12. On notera que les procédés automatiques décrits ultérieurement, en regard des figures 4a et 5a, se prêtent tout particulièrement au satinage d'une surface de type torique, ou sphérique.When the surface 16 forms a torus portion of longitudinal and transverse radii of radius R L and R I respectively , the pressure of the piece 12 against the abrasive belt 18 allows the latter to be deformed so as to partially or completely marry the surface 16. If the deformation of the strip 18 is not sufficient, a slight rotational movement about the longitudinal and transverse axes respectively of the part 12 makes it possible to bring the entire surface 16 into contact with the strip 18. In a variant of the method, a cam forming a gutter of radius of curvature R L or R I according to the orientation of the part 12 with respect to the strip 18, can be arranged behind the abrasive belt 18, so as to guide the latter and serve as a support to the piece 12. It will be noted that the automatic processes described later, with reference to FIGS. 4a and 5a, are particularly suitable for satinizing a surface of the toric or spherical type.

La bande abrasive 18 utilisée pour le procédé de satinage d'une pièce en céramique selon l'invention est représentée schématiquement en figure 2a. Elle est formée d'un substrat flexible 22 en papier fortifié, en toile ou en carton, et d'une partie active 23 solidaire du substrat et formée de particules abrasives 24 agglomérées à l'aide d'un liant. Les particules abrasives 24 sont des grains de diamant calibrés de diamètre 40 microns approximativement. Selon l'effet de satinage souhaité, on choisira une dimension des grains supérieure ou inférieure à 40 microns.The abrasive belt 18 used for the process of satinizing a ceramic part according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 2a. It is formed of a flexible substrate 22 of fortified paper, canvas or cardboard, and an active portion 23 integral with the substrate and formed of abrasive particles 24 agglomerated with a binder. The abrasive particles 24 are calibrated diamond grains with a diameter of approximately 40 microns. Depending on the desired saturation effect, a grain size greater or less than 40 microns will be chosen.

A la différence d'une toile émeri classique, la partie active 23 comportant les particules abrasives 24, ne recouvre pas le substrat 22 de façon uniforme, mais de façon non uniforme et non aléatoire. La partie active 23 est distribuée, sur le substrat 22, en agrégats formant des motifs répartis régulièrement à sa surface.Unlike a conventional emery cloth, the active part 23 comprising the abrasive particles 24 does not cover the substrate 22 uniformly, but not uniform and not random. The active part 23 is distributed on the substrate 22 in aggregates forming patterns regularly distributed on its surface.

Avantageusement, cette répartition est périodique, comme c'est le cas en figure 2a où la partie active 23 forme des pastillent circulaires 26 disposées en quinconce sur le substrat 22. Les pastilles 26 ont un diamètre de 0.7mm, environ, et sont distantes de 1 mm. Chacune est constituée d'un grand nombre de particules 24 agglomérées ensemble à l'aide d'un liant métallique, en l'occurrence du nickel. Dans une variante de bande abrasive 18 représentée en figure 2b, la partie active 23 est distribuée, sur le substrat 22, en agrégats formant deux fers à cheval dos à dos. Comme précédemment, ces motifs sont disposés en quinconce sur le substrat 22. De telles bandes abrasives sont commercialisées par l'entreprise 3M sous les références 6400 J N40 F et 6480 J N40, et par l'entreprise Meister Abrasives sous les références Dia-Pellet N40 et Dia-Link N40. L'utilisation de ces bandes combinée au mode opératoire décrit, permet d'obtenir, sur des pièces en matériau dur, un effet satiné particulièrement esthétique. Bien entendu, le procédé selon l'invention ne se limite pas à l'utilisation des bandes décrites précédemment. Toute autre bande abrasive présentant une distribution spatiale de la partie active 23 en agrégats régulièrement répartis à la surface du substrat, entre dans le cadre de l'invention.Advantageously, this distribution is periodic, as is the case in FIG. 2a where the active part 23 forms circular pills 26 arranged staggered on the substrate 22. The pellets 26 have a diameter of about 0.7 mm, and are distant from each other. 1 mm. Each consists of a large number of particles 24 agglomerated together with a metal binder, in this case nickel. In an alternative abrasive belt 18 shown in Figure 2b, the active portion 23 is distributed on the substrate 22 in aggregates forming two horseshoes back to back. As before, these patterns are staggered on the substrate 22. Such abrasive belts are sold by the company 3M under the references 6400 J N40 F and 6480 J N40, and the company Meister Abrasives under the references Dia-Pellet N40 and Dia-Link N40. The use of these strips combined with the described procedure makes it possible to obtain, on pieces made of hard material, a particularly aesthetic satin effect. Of course, the method according to the invention is not limited to the use of the bands described above. Any other abrasive strip having a spatial distribution of the active portion 23 in regular aggregates distributed on the surface of the substrate, is within the scope of the invention.

Une photographie prise au microscope électronique à balayage d'une vue de la surface 16 après l'opération de satinage, est donnée en figure 3. La surface 16 est striée de micro-sillons sensiblement parallèles entre eux, de profil sensiblement en V, d'une profondeur comprise entre 0.1 et 2 microns et d'une largeur comprise entre 1 et 30 microns. L'interaction de la lumière visible avec les micro-sillons produit l'aspect satiné de la surface 16.A photograph taken under a scanning electron microscope of a view of the surface 16 after the satin finishing operation is given in FIG. 3. The surface 16 is striated with microgrooves substantially parallel to one another, having a substantially V-shaped profile. a depth of between 0.1 and 2 microns and a width of between 1 and 30 microns. The interaction of the visible light with the micro-grooves produces the satin aspect of the surface 16.

On se référera maintenant à la figure 4a qui représente schématiquement une première machine d'usinage à commande numérique utilisée pour le procédé automatique de satinage selon l'invention. La machine d'usinage comprend classiquement un porte-pièce cylindrique 30 d'axe CC et un outil abrasif 32 à symétrie cylindrique, d'axe DD parallèle à l'axe CC.Reference will now be made to FIG. 4a, which schematically represents a first numerically controlled machining machine used for the automatic satin process according to the invention. The machining machine conventionally comprises a cylindrical carrier 30 of axis CC and an abrasive tool 32 with cylindrical symmetry, axis DD parallel to the axis CC.

La pièce 12, de surface extérieure 16 torique, est fixée souplement au porte-pièce 30, son axe longitudinal étant parallèle à l'axe CC du porte pièce 30. Le rayon Rpp du porte-pièce 30 est tel que le rayon de courbure transversal RI de la pièce 12, est égal à la somme du rayon du porte-pièce 30 et de l'épaisseur e de la pièce 12.The part 12, with an outer surface 16, is fastened loosely to the workpiece holder 30, its longitudinal axis being parallel to the axis CC of the piece holder 30. The radius R pp of the workpiece carrier 30 is such that the radius of curvature transverse R I of the workpiece 12, is equal to the sum of the radius of the workpiece carrier 30 and the thickness e of the workpiece 12.

Dans une première variante du procédé automatique, l'outil abrasif 32 est formé d'un support 34 à symétrie cylindrique en aluminium, sur lequel est fixée une bande abrasive 18. Selon l'invention, la bande abrasive 18 est du type de la bande utilisée pour le procédé manuel décrit précédemment. La partie active 23 est distribuée sur le substrat 22 en agrégats répartis régulièrement. Ces derniers forment des motifs disposés périodiquement sur le substrat 22.In a first variant of the automatic method, the abrasive tool 32 is formed of a cylindrical support symmetrical aluminum, on which is attached an abrasive belt 18. According to the invention, the abrasive belt 18 is of the type of strip used for the manual process described above. Active part 23 is distributed on the substrate 22 in regularly distributed aggregates. These form patterns arranged periodically on the substrate 22.

Dans une deuxième variante du procédé automatique, l'outil abrasif 32 est une meule formée d'un support 34 à symétrie cylindrique en aluminium, et d'une partie active 23 solidaire du support et constituée de particules 24 prises dans un liant. La répartition de la partie active 23 sur le support 22 est uniforme. Selon l'invention, le liant est de type vitrifié. Il est formé d'un composé céramique à base de Si02, Al203, B203, Na2O, K20, CaO et ZnO. Ce type de meule est connu et commercialisé sous l'appellation meule à liant vitrifié.In a second variant of the automatic method, the abrasive tool 32 is a grinding wheel formed of a support 34 having cylindrical symmetry of aluminum, and an active portion 23 integral with the support and consisting of particles 24 taken in a binder. The distribution of the active part 23 on the support 22 is uniform. According to the invention, the binder is of the vitrified type. It is formed of a ceramic compound based on SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, B 2 O 3, Na 2 O, K 2 O, CaO and ZnO. This type of grinding wheel is known and marketed under the name vitreous bonded grinding wheel.

Quel que soit l'outil abrasif 32 utilisé, son profil axial, illustré en figure 4b, forme un arc de cercle de rayon RL correspondant au rayon de courbure longitudinal de la surface 16.Whatever the abrasive tool 32 used, its axial profile, illustrated in FIG. 4b, forms an arc of radius R L corresponding to the longitudinal radius of curvature of the surface 16.

Dans leur position initiale, le porte pièce 30 et l'outil abrasif 32 sont distants d'une distance initiale supérieure à la somme de leurs deux rayons. Ils sont entraînés en rotation autour de leurs axes respectifs CC et DD par un moteur non représenté. De plus, l'outil abrasif 32 monté mobile en translation selon une trajectoire d'abord rectiligne jusqu'au contact de la pièce 12, puis circulaire de manière à rester tangent à la pièce 12. Sur sa portion de trajectoire circulaire, la distance d de l'outil 32 au porte-pièce 30 est faiblement inférieure à l'épaisseur e de la pièce 12, afin d'exercer une légère pression sur celle-ci. La distance d est réglée en fonction de l'effet de satinage souhaité.In their initial position, the piece holder 30 and the abrasive tool 32 are separated by an initial distance greater than the sum of their two radii. They are rotated about their respective axes CC and DD by a motor not shown. In addition, the abrasive tool 32 mounted to move in translation along a path that is straight at first until it comes into contact with the workpiece 12, then circular so as to remain tangent to the workpiece 12. On its portion of the circular path, the distance of the tool 32 to the carrier 30 is slightly less than the thickness e of the part 12, in order to exert a slight pressure thereon. The distance d is set according to the desired saturation effect.

En fonctionnement, le porte-pièce 30 et l'outil 32 tournent autour de leurs axes respectifs CC et DD, et, simultanément, l'outil abrasif 32 se déplace en translation sur sa trajectoire. Les particules et la pièce 12 décrivent des trajectoires s'inscrivant dans des plans parallèles entre eux et perpendiculaires aux axes CC et DD. On notera P1 la famille de plans dans lesquels s'inscrivent les trajectoires des particules et P2 le plan dans lequel s'inscrit la trajectoire de la pièce 12. Lorsque l'outil 32 arrive suffisamment près du porte pièce 30, la bande abrasive 18 entre en contact avec la pièce 12. Le mouvement combiné du porte-pièce 30 et de l'outil 32 permet de traiter l'intégralité de la surface 16 avec la bande abrasive 18. De plus, les sillons réalisés sur la pièce 12 sont rectilignes et sensiblement parallèles entre eux, et la surface 16 de la pièce 12 présente un aspect satiné esthétique.In operation, the workpiece holder 30 and the tool 32 rotate about their respective axes CC and DD, and simultaneously, the abrasive tool 32 moves in translation on its trajectory. The particles and the part 12 describe trajectories forming in planes parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axes CC and DD. Note P1 the family of planes in which the trajectories of the particles and P2 the plane in which the trajectory of the part is inscribed. When the tool 32 arrives sufficiently close to the door piece 30, the abrasive belt 18 between in contact with the workpiece 12. The combined movement of the workpiece holder 30 and the tool 32 makes it possible to treat the entirety of the surface 16 with the abrasive band 18. In addition, the grooves made on the workpiece 12 are rectilinear and substantially parallel to each other, and the surface 16 of the part 12 has an aesthetic satin appearance.

Le procédé de satinage ainsi décrit est optimal pour des conditions de vitesse de rotation et d'avance de l'outil 32, et vitesse de rotation du porte-pièce 30, déterminées. A titre indicatif, on citera des vitesses de rotation de l'outil abrasif 32 et du porte-pièce 30 de l'ordre respectivement de 600 et 3 tours par minute, et une vitesse d'avance de la meule d'environ 3 mètres par minute, pour un résultat optimal.The satin process thus described is optimal for conditions of speed of rotation and advance of the tool 32, and speed of rotation of the workpiece carrier 30, determined. As an indication, mention will be made of the rotational speeds of the abrasive tool 32 and the workpiece holder 30 of the order of 600 and 3 revolutions per minute, respectively, and a grinding speed of the grinding wheel of about 3 meters per minute. minute, for an optimal result.

Bien entendu, ces valeurs ne sont applicables qu'à la machine d'usinage à commande numérique utilisée pour la mise au point du procédé selon l'invention. Elles ne limitent en aucun cas la portée de l'invention.Of course, these values are applicable only to the numerically controlled machining machine used for the development of the method according to the invention. They do not limit the scope of the invention.

On notera que, dans une variante du procédé automatique de satinage d'une surface torique, les axes CC et DD respectivement du porte-pièce 30 et de l'outil 32, peuvent être disposés perpendiculairement ou dans une tout autre orientation, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Pour celà, la géométrie du porte-pièce 30 et de l'outil 32 doit être adaptée à la disposition choisie. Le satinage obtenu présente alors un effet particulier, en raison de la courbure des sillons.It should be noted that, in a variant of the automatic method of satinizing a toric surface, the axes CC and DD respectively of the workpiece holder 30 and of the tool 32 can be arranged perpendicularly or in a completely different orientation, without leaving the framework of the invention. For this, the geometry of the workpiece carrier 30 and the tool 32 must be adapted to the chosen arrangement. The satin obtained then has a particular effect, due to the curvature of the grooves.

Le procédé de satinage automatique selon l'invention peut également s'appliquer à des pièces 12 dont la surface extérieure 16 est plane. Pour celà, la pièce 12 est fixée au porte-pièce cylindrique 30, ou à un porte-pièce plan. Quel que soit le type de porte-pièce utilisé, celui-ci est immobile. L'outil abrasif 32 est animé, comme décrit précédemment, d'un mouvement de rotation combiné à un mouvement de translation. Toutefois, dans ce cas, la trajectoire de l'outil abrasif 32 est rectiligne. Le porte-pièce 30 est disposé de façon que la surface 16 soit placée sur la trajectoire de l'outil 32, parallèlement à sa vitesse d'avance. Le profil de l'outil 32 est droit de façon à épouser la surface 16. Les valeurs optimales de vitesse de rotation de l'outil 32, et de vitesse de translation sont éventuellement différentes des valeurs citées précédemment.The automatic glazing method according to the invention can also be applied to parts 12 whose outer surface 16 is flat. For this, the part 12 is fixed to the cylindrical carrier 30, or to a flat workpiece. Whatever type of workpiece holder is used, it is immobile. The abrasive tool 32 is driven, as previously described, a rotational movement combined with a translational movement. However, in this case, the trajectory of the abrasive tool 32 is rectilinear. The workpiece holder 30 is arranged so that the surface 16 is placed in the path of the tool 32, parallel to its speed of advance. The profile of the tool 32 is straight so as to conform to the surface 16. The optimum values of the rotational speed of the tool 32, and of the translation speed are possibly different from the values mentioned above.

On se réfèrera enfin à la figure 5a représentant schématiquement une deuxième installation pour le procédé de satinage d'une céramique selon l'invention. L'installation comprend un porte-pièce fixe 38 et un outil abrasif 32 tel qu'utilisé pour le procédé automatique décrit précédemment. Dans cette variante, l'outil abrasif 32 est monté mobile en rotation sur un bâti fixe 40, son axe EE étant disposé horizontalement. En outre, son axe EE est monté mobile en translation selon une trajectoire formant un arc de cercle de rayon de courbure le rayon de courbure transversal RI de la pièce 12. Le porte pièce 38 est disposé au voisinage du bâti 40 de sorte que la surface 16 de la pièce 12 est tangente à l'outil 32 sur toute la trajectoire de celui-ci.Finally, reference is made to FIG. 5a schematically showing a second installation for the process of satinizing a ceramic according to the invention. The installation comprises a fixed holder 38 and an abrasive tool 32 as used for the automatic method described above. In this variant, the abrasive tool 32 is rotatably mounted on a fixed frame 40, its axis EE being disposed horizontally. In addition, its axis EE is mounted mobile in translation along a path forming a circular arc of radius of curvature the transverse radius of curvature R I of the workpiece 12. The workpiece holder 38 is disposed in the vicinity of the frame 40 so that the surface 16 of the part 12 is tangent to the tool 32 over the entire trajectory thereof.

En fonctionnement, l'outil 32 balaie sa trajectoire selon un mouvement de va-et-vient, tout en tournant sur lui-même. Il presse faiblement sur la pièce 12 de façon à former des sillons rectilignes parallèles entre eux sur l'intégralité de la surface 16. Celle-ci prend alors un aspect satiné.In operation, the tool 32 sweeps its path in a movement back and forth, while turning on itself. It presses weakly on the part 12 so as to form rectilinear grooves parallel to each other on the entire surface 16. This then takes on a satin appearance.

L'installation illustrée en figure 5a est compatible avec un chargement automatique des pièces 12 ce qui permet un travail pratiquement sans interruption de l'outil abrasif 32. Pour cela, le porte-pièce 38 est formé d'un disque 42 d'axe FF comportant quatre supports 44a, 44b, 44c, 44d répartis régulièrement en sa périphérie, tel que représenté, en vue de dessus, sur la figure 5b. Sur chaque support 44, une pièce 12 est chargée automatiquement avant l'opération de satinage, puis déchargée de la même façon après cette opération. Entre chaque traitement de surface d'une pièce 12, le disque 42 effectue un quart de tour, afin de présenter une nouvelle pièce à l'outil abrasif 32.The installation illustrated in FIG. 5a is compatible with an automatic loading of the parts 12 which allows a work practically without interruption of the abrasive tool 32. For this, the workpiece holder 38 is formed of a disk 42 of axis FF comprising four supports 44a, 44b, 44c, 44d regularly distributed at its periphery, as shown, in plan view, in Figure 5b. On each support 44, a part 12 is automatically loaded before the satinizing operation, and then discharged in the same way after this operation. Between each surface treatment of a part 12, the disk 42 performs a quarter turn, in order to present a new part to the abrasive tool 32.

On notera que la deuxième installation pour un procédé de satinage selon l'invention peut, comme la première, être adaptée pour le satinage de surfaces 16 planes. Pour cela, le profil de l'outil abrasif 32 est droit, et la trajectoire suivie par son axe est rectiligne.It will be noted that the second installation for a satin process according to the invention may, like the first one, be adapted for the satinization of flat surfaces. For this, the profile of the abrasive tool 32 is straight, and the path followed by its axis is rectilinear.

On remarquera enfin, que le procédé automatique de satinage d'une pièce en matériau dur, peut être réalisé à l'aide d'un outil abrasif 32 tel qu'employé pour le satinage d'une pièce en métal. On pourra, par exemple, utiliser une meule à particules diamant ou carbure de silicium, et liant en résine synthétique. Toutefois, le résultat obtenu avec une telle meule est d'une qualité sensiblement inférieure à la qualité obtenue avec le choix d'outils abrasifs selon l'invention.Finally, it will be noted that the automatic process of satinizing a piece of hard material can be performed using an abrasive tool 32 as used for the satinization of a metal part. It is possible, for example, to use a grinding wheel with diamond particles or silicon carbide, and a binder made of synthetic resin. However, the result obtained with such a grinding wheel is of a quality substantially lower than the quality obtained with the choice of abrasive tools according to the invention.

Claims (18)

Procédé de satinage d'une pièce (12) en un matériau présentant une dureté Vickers supérieure à 1000 HV, comportant une surface (16) à traiter, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les principales étapes suivantes : - se munir d'un porte-pièce (10, 30, 38) et d'un outil abrasif (14) comportant un substrat (22) et une partie active (23) solidaire dudit substrat (22) et formée de particules calibrées (24) agglomérées à l'aide d'un liant et, - fixer la pièce (12) au porte pièce (10, 30, 38), - donner à la pièce (12) et à l'outil abrasif (14) un mouvement relatif, de sorte que ladite surface (16) est au contact de ladite partie active (23) sur une portion au moins des trajectoires de la pièce (12) et de l'outil abrasif (14), de façon à former sur ladite surface (16) des sillons sensiblement parallèles entre eux, ladite partie active (23) étant constituée d'agrégats formant des motifs répartis régulièrement sur ledit substrat (22).Process for satinizing a workpiece (12) made of a material having a Vickers hardness greater than 1000 HV, comprising a surface (16) to be treated, characterized in that it comprises the following main steps: - to provide a workpiece holder (10, 30, 38) and an abrasive tool (14) comprising a substrate (22) and an active part (23) integral with said substrate (22) and formed of calibrated particles ( 24) agglomerated with a binder and, - fix the piece (12) to the piece holder (10, 30, 38), - giving the piece (12) and the abrasive tool (14) a relative movement, so that said surface (16) is in contact with said active part (23) on at least a portion of the trajectories of the part ( 12) and the abrasive tool (14), so as to form on said surface (16) grooves substantially parallel to each other, said active portion (23) consisting of pattern aggregates regularly distributed on said substrate (22). Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdites particules (24) sont des grains de diamant.Process according to claim 1, characterized in that said particles (24) are diamond grains. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la répartition desdits motifs sur ledit substrat (22) est périodique.Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the distribution of said patterns on said substrate (22) is periodic. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que lesdits motifs sont disposés en quinconce sur ledit substrat (22).Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said patterns are staggered on said substrate (22). Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdits motifs sont des pastilles circulaires (26).Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said patterns are circular pellets (26). Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdits motifs sont deux fers à cheval accolés.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said patterns are two contiguous horseshoes. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit liant est métallique.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said binder is metallic. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que ledit outil abrasif (14) comporte : - une bande abrasive (18) formé d'un ruban flexible constituant ledit substrat (22) et d'une partie active (23), et - deux rouleaux de guidage (20a, 20b) sur lesquels est montée tendue ladite bande (18). Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said abrasive tool (14) comprises: an abrasive belt (18) formed of a flexible strip constituting said substrate (22) and an active part (23), and - Two guide rollers (20a, 20b) on which is mounted tensioned said strip (18). Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que ledit outil abrasif (32) comporte : - une bande abrasive (18) formé d'un ruban flexible constituant ledit substrat (22) et d'une partie active (23), et - un support à symétrie cylindrique (34) sur lequel est fixée ladite bande (18). Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said abrasive tool (32) comprises: an abrasive belt (18) formed of a flexible strip constituting said substrate (22) and an active part (23), and - a cylindrical symmetry support (34) on which is fixed said strip (18). Procédé de satinage d'une pièce (12) en un matériau présentant une dureté Vickers supérieure à 1000 HV, comportant une surface (16) à traiter, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les principales étapes suivantes : - se munir d'un porte-pièce (10, 30, 38) et d'un outil abrasif (14) comportant un substrat (22) et une partie active (23) solidaire dudit substrat (22) et formée de particules calibrées (24) agglomérées à l'aide d'un liant, - fixer la pièce (12) au porte pièce (10, 30, 38), - donner à la pièce (12) et à l'outil abrasif (14) un mouvement relatif, de sorte que ladite surface (16) est au contact de ladite partie active (23) sur une portion au moins des trajectoires de la pièce (12) et de l'outil abrasif (14), de façon à former sur ladite surface (16) des sillons sensiblement parallèles entre eux, ledit liant étant de type vitrifié.Process for satinizing a workpiece (12) made of a material having a Vickers hardness greater than 1000 HV, comprising a surface (16) to be treated, characterized in that it comprises the following main steps: - to provide a workpiece holder (10, 30, 38) and an abrasive tool (14) comprising a substrate (22) and an active part (23) integral with said substrate (22) and formed of calibrated particles ( 24) agglomerated with a binder, - fix the piece (12) to the piece holder (10, 30, 38), - giving the piece (12) and the abrasive tool (14) a relative movement, so that said surface (16) is in contact with said active part (23) on at least a portion of the trajectories of the part ( 12) and the abrasive tool (14), so as to form on said surface (16) grooves substantially parallel to each other, said binder being of vitrified type. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que ledit liant est un composé céramique.Process according to claim 10, characterized in that said binder is a ceramic compound. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les trajectoires de la pièce (12) et de chaque particule (24) s'inscrivent chacune sensiblement dans des plans (P1, P2, P3).Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the trajectories of the part (12) and each particle (24) are each substantially in planes (P1, P2, P3). Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que lesdits plans (P1, P2) sont sensiblement parallèles.Method according to claim 12, characterized in that said planes (P1, P2) are substantially parallel. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à13, caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau est un matériau céramique.Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said material is a ceramic material. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à13, caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau est un cermet.Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said material is a cermet. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à13, caractérisé en ce que ledit matériau est un métal dur.Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said material is a hard metal. Pièce d'ornement (12) en un matériau présentant une dureté Vickers supérieure à 1000 HV dont une surface (16) au moins présente des micro-sillons sensiblement parallèles entre eux, de profil sensiblement en V.An ornamental piece (12) made of a material having a Vickers hardness greater than 1000 HV, of which at least one surface (16) has micro-grooves substantially parallel to each other, having a substantially V profile. Pièce d'ornement (12) selon la revendication 15, caractérisée en ce que lesdits micro-sillons ont une profondeur comprise entre 0.1 et 2 microns, et une largeur comprise entre 1 et 30 microns.An ornamental piece (12) according to claim 15, characterized in that said micro-grooves have a depth of between 0.1 and 2 microns, and a width of between 1 and 30 microns.
EP06100975A 2006-01-27 2006-01-27 Method of burnishing a hard material and decorated workpiece made from a hard, burnished material Withdrawn EP1813385A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06100975A EP1813385A1 (en) 2006-01-27 2006-01-27 Method of burnishing a hard material and decorated workpiece made from a hard, burnished material
JP2008551750A JP5053293B2 (en) 2006-01-27 2007-01-12 Satin finish for hard materials and ornaments made of hard materials with satin finish
AT07703829T ATE507932T1 (en) 2006-01-27 2007-01-12 METHOD FOR SATIN FINISHING A HARD MATERIAL
PCT/EP2007/050288 WO2007085537A1 (en) 2006-01-27 2007-01-12 Method of satinizing a hard material
EP07703829A EP1984147B1 (en) 2006-01-27 2007-01-12 Method of satinizing a hard material
DE602007014326T DE602007014326D1 (en) 2006-01-27 2007-01-12 METHOD FOR SATINIZING A HARD MATERIAL
CN2007800069306A CN101389447B (en) 2006-01-27 2007-01-12 Technology for satin surface treatment of hard material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06100975A EP1813385A1 (en) 2006-01-27 2006-01-27 Method of burnishing a hard material and decorated workpiece made from a hard, burnished material

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EP1813385A1 true EP1813385A1 (en) 2007-08-01

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EP06100975A Withdrawn EP1813385A1 (en) 2006-01-27 2006-01-27 Method of burnishing a hard material and decorated workpiece made from a hard, burnished material
EP07703829A Not-in-force EP1984147B1 (en) 2006-01-27 2007-01-12 Method of satinizing a hard material

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JP (1) JP5053293B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101389447B (en)
AT (1) ATE507932T1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2007085537A1 (en)

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ITVI20130168A1 (en) * 2013-07-01 2015-01-02 Errea Sistemi S N C Di Bedin Rober To E Ciscato A PROCEDURE FOR PROCESSING DIAMANTATURE ON OBJECTS WITH IRREGULAR FORM

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WO2012162242A1 (en) 2011-05-20 2012-11-29 Shaw Industries Group, Inc. Pattern sander device, system and method
CN102825527A (en) * 2012-09-17 2012-12-19 潮州三环（集团）股份有限公司 Wire-drawing ceramic processing device and processing method thereof

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DE602007014326D1 (en) 2011-06-16
CN101389447B (en) 2010-08-11
JP2009526655A (en) 2009-07-23
EP1984147A1 (en) 2008-10-29
ATE507932T1 (en) 2011-05-15
EP1984147B1 (en) 2011-05-04
WO2007085537A1 (en) 2007-08-02
CN101389447A (en) 2009-03-18
JP5053293B2 (en) 2012-10-17

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