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EP1773100A1 - Adaptation d'un microphone directionnel à des effets de longue durée - Google Patents

Adaptation d'un microphone directionnel à des effets de longue durée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1773100A1
EP1773100A1 EP06120962A EP06120962A EP1773100A1 EP 1773100 A1 EP1773100 A1 EP 1773100A1 EP 06120962 A EP06120962 A EP 06120962A EP 06120962 A EP06120962 A EP 06120962A EP 1773100 A1 EP1773100 A1 EP 1773100A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
directional microphone
directional
microphone
adjusting
delay time
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06120962A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Eghart Fischer
Jens Hain
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sivantos GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens Audiologische Technik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Audiologische Technik GmbH filed Critical Siemens Audiologische Technik GmbH
Publication of EP1773100A1 publication Critical patent/EP1773100A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/40—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
    • H04R25/407—Circuits for combining signals of a plurality of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/406—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for combining the signals of two or more microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2410/00—Microphones
    • H04R2410/01—Noise reduction using microphones having different directional characteristics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for adjusting a directional microphone, which comprises at least two electrically interconnected microphones for generating a directional characteristic, wherein at least one generated by one of the microphones microphone signal or a signal emerging from this is delayed by a within a certain range adjustable delay time, wherein the power or energy of a directional microphone signal generated by the directional microphone is determined, and wherein the power or energy of the directional microphone signal is minimized by adjusting the delay time. Furthermore, the invention relates to a directional microphone for carrying out such a method and the use of such a directional microphone in a hearing aid.
  • Directional microphones are often used to emphasize a useful acoustic signal in an environment filled with background noise. For example, in a hearing aid with a directional microphone, a speech signal should be emphasized in relation to the environmental noise. For some years, directional microphones in hearing aids have been among the established methods for reducing noise and have demonstrably improved speech intelligibility in listening situations in which the useful signal and the interference signals from different spatial directions are incident.
  • the invention relates to directional microphones which comprise at least two omnidirectional microphones interconnected electrically and which, by setting the delay time (s), offer the possibility of changing the directivity during the operation of the directional microphone in a simple manner.
  • Directional microphones which include multiple omnidirectional microphones, are distinguished over a single omnidirectional one Microphone is not characterized by the fact that a particular direction is particularly well received, but by one (or more) direction (s) is suppressed compared to the non-directional (omnidirectional) microphone. This is illustrated graphically in so-called directional diagrams. In most of these, the attenuation in dB is plotted as a function of the angle of incidence for an acoustic input signal. A "notch" in such a directional diagram, ie a location of very high attenuation, is referred to as a "notch". Depending on the location and number of notches, different characteristics arise (kidney characteristics, 8 characteristics, etc.).
  • a specific directional characteristic is fixed by selecting a specific delay time or specific delay times.
  • DI directivity index
  • a free-field optimized, static directional characteristic of a directional microphone is deteriorated again when using a directional microphone in a hearing aid when wearing the hearing aid on the head of a user by the influence of the head, since the head both the amplitude and the phase of the recorded signals from the microphones changed. This also worsens the achievable with the directional microphone maximum directivity. For example, a hypercardioid with maximum DI set in the free field becomes another directional characteristic arise that their Notch has at a different angle and thus will no longer have an optimal DI.
  • the known directional microphone comprises means for determining the energy of the directional microphone generated by the directional microphone signal, whereby interference signals from different directions of incidence in the microphone system can be suppressed very quickly due to very short adaptation times of the directional microphone.
  • the adaptive directional microphone in situations with predominantly diffuse, ie undirected noise (eg cafeteria) brings no significant advantage over a static directional microphone.
  • directional microphones are either operated as static directional microphones, in which the delay time (s) are set once and then maintained, or as adaptive directional microphones that respond quickly to changing environmental situations and adaptively suppress background noise.
  • the time constants used in adaptive directional microphones are usually less than one second.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the directivity of a static directional microphone while it is used in a natural environment.
  • the invention causes an improvement in the directivity of a directional microphone operated as a directional microphone. It is not intended to improve the effectiveness of an adaptive directional microphone that responds immediately to short-term occurring sound events or in the room moving sound sources.
  • the invention solves the problem indicated by operating a static directional microphone such as an adaptive directional microphone, only with an extremely long reaction time compared to an adaptive directional microphone.
  • the static directional microphone according to the invention can and should not react noticeably to occurring noise sources, but only to influences that affect the directional microphone long term.
  • an optimized static directivity is automatically achieved.
  • a head-worn hearing aid instead of the average head (eg, the KEMAR)
  • an "average sound field” diffuse sound field
  • the background noise will occur evenly from all directions, which is a perfectly realistic assumption.
  • An existing notch can now - very slowly - adapt to the average sound field, so that in the long-term means an optimal static directivity is formed, which is exactly adapted to the respective environmental situation of the directional microphone, for example, the individual conditions of a head-worn hearing aid with the respective directional microphone.
  • the adaptation range is chosen such that the bandwidth of the various interference influences, eg the individual head influences, can be compensated for with the respective use of the directional microphone according to the invention.
  • the invention is not concerned with reacting quickly to changing environmental conditions, e.g. on a relative to the directional microphone moving noise source, as happens with an adaptive directional microphone. Rather, in the invention for a static directional microphone optimized so that the settings of the static directional microphone at least substantially only to long-lasting influences on the directional microphone (head shape of a hearing aid wearer, changed hairstyle of a hearing aid wearer, changes in electrical properties of the components used in the directional microphone over the entire running time etc). Lasting means at least hours, if not days, weeks or months. Individual, incoming into the directional microphone sound events influence the static directional microphone according to the invention at most insignificant.
  • a specific directional characteristic is set and measured over a long period of time (hours, days or even weeks), the energy or the power of the generated directional microphone signal and averaged, this first directional microphone signal provided as an output of the directional microphone for further processing is.
  • the energy or the power of a second directional microphone signal is also determined for a directional characteristic which is slightly different from the set directional characteristic over the stated period of time, this second directional microphone signal not being provided for further processing. If the energy or power averaged over the period of time is greater in the case of the second directional microphone signal than in the first one, the directional microphone is not adapted.
  • the directional microphone is adapted such that subsequently the slightly changed directional characteristic is adjusted in the directional microphone whose directional microphone signal is further processed.
  • the RMS Root Mean Square
  • the next step preferably involves a further change in the delay time by the same amount and with the same sign as in the first change. If, on the other hand, the average energy or power has increased, the next step preferably involves a change in the delay time by the same amount, but with the opposite sign.
  • the "adaptation speed" of the "static" directional microphone is mainly influenced by two parameters.
  • this is the frequency with which changes in the setting of the directional characteristic are permitted. For example, it can be determined that an automatic adjustment of the directional characteristic according to the invention takes place hourly.
  • this is the amount by which the delay time is variable in each case. This amount will be for example set such that a notch present in a directional characteristic can at most move in 1 ° increments.
  • these parameters are preset in a hearing aid with a corresponding directional microphone and can be changed by programming the hearing aid. Certain upper and lower limits for the relevant parameters can also be specified. This achieves a high level of flexibility when adjusting the directional microphone.
  • a development of the invention provides for a variable "adaptation speed".
  • a relatively short adaptation time could be provided in which a significant change in the directional characteristic within a few hours is possible to achieve an adaptation to the individual user as quickly as possible.
  • the adaptation option is limited, so that after some time only an adaptation to long-term changes is possible.
  • a significant change in the directional characteristic is then possible only within days or weeks.
  • an adjustment of the directional microphone according to the invention advantageously takes place as a function of the signal frequency of incoming sound signals.
  • the microphone signals can be split into different frequency bands and carried out a separate optimization of the directional microphone for the different frequency bands. This can further increase the DI.
  • a directional microphone according to the invention preferably comprises a non-volatile memory, so that the current settings and, if necessary, also over a long period (hours, days, weeks) determined and averaged power or energy values after switching off and on again the corresponding directional microphone are still available. The optimization is thus not affected by switching off and on again.
  • FIG. 1 shows the use of a known differential directional microphone of the first order in a hearing aid.
  • two omnidirectional microphones are used at a distance of 10 to 15mm.
  • the electrical connection of the microphones essentially consists of a subtraction of the rear microphone signal X 2 delayed by the time T i from the front microphone signal X 1 .
  • FIGS. 2A to 2D different directional characteristics can be achieved by different settings of T i be generated.
  • the strength of the directivity effect is quantified by the directivity index (DI), which improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the case of a diffuse noise field and a useful sound incidence from the 0 ° front direction Ratio) compared to an omnidirectional characteristic.
  • DI directivity index
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • DI 6dB
  • adaptive directional microphones have been offered for some time, which continuously adapt their directional characteristics to maximize the SNR gain in listening situations with directed Störschall incidence to the current interference field.
  • These systems permanently estimate the direction of incidence of the dominant background noise source and, as sketched in Figure 3, automatically adjust their directional characteristics by varying T i such that the direction of least sensitivity of the directional microphone corresponds to the direction of the incident sound incidence.
  • the adaptation takes place by minimizing the energy or power of a directional microphone signal generated by the directional microphone.
  • Very short time constants in the range of 100 ms are selected and the directivity is adjusted so that the transfer function does not change noticeably for a sound signal (useful signal) incident from the viewing direction of the hearing device wearer.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C show directional characteristics for different directions of incidence of a dominant interference signal, in which adaptively the notch always lies in the direction of incidence of the interfering signal, so that the background noise is largely suppressed.
  • Non-directional noise e.g., cafeteria
  • the static directional microphone has the best possible directivity near the optimum. This is ensured by the invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the actually measured directivity of a first-order directional microphone in a hearing aid worn on the left ear of a user. Due to shadowing and phase effects, a directional characteristic distorted with respect to the ideal directional characteristic arises, which, as FIG. 4 illustrates, is also highly frequency-dependent. This means that several Notch directions develop over the frequency, which leads to a reduced directivity.
  • the static directivity is optimized by measurements on a standardized artificial head (eg the KEMAR), for which the DI is determined in a diffuse sound field for different notch directions DI is then used for the static directional microphone of the hearing aid in question
  • a standardized artificial head eg the KEMAR
  • DI the dynamic directional microphone
  • the KEMAR is only an "average head”
  • different directional characteristics may be present on the real head of the hearing device wearer due to individual anatomical conditions pronounced, which lead to a reduction of the directivity.
  • a measurement and optimization of the directivity for each individual hearing aid wearer would be complicated and expensive.
  • the interference may change over a longer period of use, for example, by a different position of the hearing aids on the head, changes the hairstyle, wearing a headgear, etc., so that a once made optimization with time loses its effect.
  • the invention therefore provides for optimization of the static directivity during the operation of the directional microphone, e.g. in a worn at the head of a hearing aid wearer hearing, so that changes in the outer, caused by wearing on the head influences can be considered and compensated.
  • Figure 5 first describes generally the essential process steps in carrying out a method according to the invention.
  • the flow chart applies to a particular frequency band or a directional microphone, in which there is no subdivision of the acoustic input signal into frequency bands.
  • two directional microphones are formed by delaying a microphone signal in parallel with two different delay times.
  • the delay times are slightly different so that two slightly different directional characteristics result.
  • the energy contained in the signals over a long period of time, for example over several hours measured and averaged.
  • a subsequent comparison of the averaged energy values shows in which of the directional microphone signals the lower energy is inserted and thus the directional microphone with the better interference signal suppression.
  • the delay time is adjusted accordingly.
  • a Delay time is determined, which differs slightly from the already defined delay time. The sign of the difference between the already determined and the slightly different delay time results from whether the slightly changed delay time in the previous pass has caused a reduction of the averaged energy or not.
  • FIG. 6 shows a hearing aid 1 in a simplified block diagram.
  • the hearing aid 1 comprises the two omnidirectional microphones 2 and 3, which are electrically interconnected to produce a directional characteristic.
  • the microphone signal emitted by the microphone 3 is first delayed in a delay unit 4 and then subtracted in an adder 5 from the microphone signal of the microphone 2.
  • the resulting first directional microphone signal is finally fed to a signal processing unit 6 for further processing and frequency-dependent amplification, which supplies an electrical output signal that converts a receiver 7 into an acoustic signal in order to supply it to the ear of a user.
  • a second directional microphone signal is formed simultaneously with the first directional microphone signal.
  • the microphone signal emitted by the microphone 3 is delayed in a second delay unit 8 and likewise subtracted from the microphone signal of the microphone 2 in an adder 9.
  • the delay in the delay unit 8 differs slightly by a certain amount from the delay in the delay unit 4, so that two directional microphones with slightly different directional characteristics are present.
  • the two directional microphone signals are finally fed to a signal evaluation and control unit 10 in which the energy of the two directional microphone signals is detected over a long period of time, for example over 24 hours and averaged.
  • the delay time set in the delay unit 8 is subsequently set as a new delay time in the delay unit 4.
  • the control for this purpose is carried out by the signal evaluation and control unit 10. Furthermore, the time constant set in the delay unit 8 is set so that it again differs by the specific amount from the effective delay in the delay unit 4 delay.
  • the process begins anew, ie the energy values of the microphone signals are again determined over a long period, weighted and compared with each other, in which case the delay time, which has led to the smaller energy value, as a new delay time for the directional microphone whose directional microphone signal further processed and is strengthened, is discontinued. If the slight change in the delay time in the second directional microphone has not led to a reduction in the energy value determined, then in the next step the delay time in the delay unit 8 is changed by the same amount compared with the delay time set in the delay unit 4, as in the passage before, however, the change now takes place with the opposite sign.
  • the directional microphone thus always runs in the direction of the energy minimum, but in contrast to an adaptive directional microphone in the conventional sense very slowly.
  • the specific amount by which the delays occurring in the delay units 4 and 8 differ and the frequency with which the directivity is updated within a certain period are preferably adjustable during the programming of the hearing aid 1.
  • the hearing aid 1 comprises a nonvolatile memory 11.
  • the directional static microphone according to the invention may be temporarily, e.g. when a particular program is activated, it can also be used as an adaptive directional microphone.
  • the procedure for optimizing the energy contained in the directional microphone signal is similar to that described above, with the difference that then very short adaptation times are selected, e.g. in the range of 100 ms.
  • the procedure described for a directional microphone of the first order can be analogously applied to directional microphones of higher order.
  • the invention can also be used in directional microphones, in which first a splitting of the microphone signals into a plurality of parallel frequency bands. The indicated optimization then takes place in parallel in the different frequency bands.
  • a directional microphone according to the invention can be advantageously used in a hearing aid. However, it is not limited to this use. It can also be advantageously used in many other devices, e.g. in communication devices (mobile phones etc) or devices of entertainment electronics (camcorders etc.).
  • the invention also provides for a minimization of the power or the energy of a directional microphone signal generated by the directional microphone.
  • the method according to the invention operates with a very long time constant. It is assumed that in everyday use of the directional microphone, viewed over a long period, noise sources from almost all directions. When wearing a hearing aid with a directional microphone according to the invention contributes to this in addition to the mobility of many sound sources and the movement of the head.
  • a head-worn hearing aid is therefore in a good approximation in a diffuse sound field to which the directional microphone adapts extremely slowly, so that it is still possible to speak of a static directional microphone.
  • the period of time with which the notch of a directional microphone according to the invention can travel through a predetermined angular range as quickly as possible can be determined by a plurality of setting parameters.
  • this is the time interval in which a change of at least one delay time of a directional microphone according to the invention can take place at all.
  • this is the step size that specifies the maximum difference between two adjacent delay times.
  • At least one delay time essential for the directional characteristic is stored in a non-volatile memory, so that after the directional microphone is switched off and on again, for example due to a corresponding switching off and on of a hearing aid with the directional microphone concerned, the last valid value of this delay time continues to be used as start value after restart.
  • This measure makes sense due to the extremely slow adaptation speed. If no such value is present when the directional microphone is switched on, for example when the user first starts up a hearing device, then a standard value is used, which is e.g. based on a measurement at KEMAR.
  • a directional microphone In a directional microphone according to the invention preferably the time interval between successive changes in the delay time and the maximum step size in the change of the delay time by programming the directional microphone can be adjusted. As a result, the adaptation speed can be predetermined.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
EP06120962A 2005-10-04 2006-09-20 Adaptation d'un microphone directionnel à des effets de longue durée Withdrawn EP1773100A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2230860A1 (fr) * 2009-03-19 2010-09-22 Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. Procédé de réglage d'une caractéristique de guidage d'un dispositif auditif
WO2011107545A3 (fr) * 2010-03-05 2012-08-16 Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. Procédé pour régler un dispositif d'audition à effet directif

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008055760A1 (de) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-20 Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. Adaptives Mikrofonsystem für ein Hörgerät und zugehöriges Verfahren zum Betrieb
JP2015194753A (ja) * 2014-03-28 2015-11-05 船井電機株式会社 マイクロホン装置
US11639995B2 (en) * 2017-08-09 2023-05-02 Sony Corporation Performance of a time of flight (ToF) laser range finding system using acoustic-based direction of arrival (DoA)
GB2575491A (en) * 2018-07-12 2020-01-15 Centricam Tech Limited A microphone system
DE102020210805B3 (de) * 2020-08-26 2022-02-10 Sivantos Pte. Ltd. Verfahren zur direktionalen Signalverarbeitung für ein akustisches System
GB2611356A (en) * 2021-10-04 2023-04-05 Nokia Technologies Oy Spatial audio capture

Citations (3)

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DE19844748A1 (de) * 1998-09-29 1999-10-07 Siemens Audiologische Technik Verfahren zum Bereitstellen einer Richtmikrofoncharakteristik und Hörgerät
US20010028718A1 (en) * 2000-02-17 2001-10-11 Audia Technology, Inc. Null adaptation in multi-microphone directional system
EP1191817A1 (fr) * 2000-09-22 2002-03-27 GN ReSound as Prothèse auditive en concordance avec un microphone adaptatif

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US4536887A (en) * 1982-10-18 1985-08-20 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Public Corporation Microphone-array apparatus and method for extracting desired signal
JP2003528508A (ja) 2000-03-20 2003-09-24 オーディア テクノロジー インク 多重マイクロフォン・システムのための方向処理
DE10327890A1 (de) * 2003-06-20 2005-01-20 Siemens Audiologische Technik Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Hörhilfegerätes sowie Hörhilfegerät mit einem Mikrofonsystem, bei dem unterschiedliche Richtcharakteristiken einstellbar sind
US20060013412A1 (en) * 2004-07-16 2006-01-19 Alexander Goldin Method and system for reduction of noise in microphone signals

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19844748A1 (de) * 1998-09-29 1999-10-07 Siemens Audiologische Technik Verfahren zum Bereitstellen einer Richtmikrofoncharakteristik und Hörgerät
US20010028718A1 (en) * 2000-02-17 2001-10-11 Audia Technology, Inc. Null adaptation in multi-microphone directional system
EP1191817A1 (fr) * 2000-09-22 2002-03-27 GN ReSound as Prothèse auditive en concordance avec un microphone adaptatif

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2230860A1 (fr) * 2009-03-19 2010-09-22 Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. Procédé de réglage d'une caractéristique de guidage d'un dispositif auditif
WO2011107545A3 (fr) * 2010-03-05 2012-08-16 Siemens Medical Instruments Pte. Ltd. Procédé pour régler un dispositif d'audition à effet directif

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US20070076901A1 (en) 2007-04-05
US8121309B2 (en) 2012-02-21

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