EP1677332A2 - Process for manufacturing a radiation source - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves producing a metal foam by activating a foamable precursor material. A glass/ceramic unit and a carrier unit are positioned relative to one another before the activation of the material. The glass/ceramic unit and carrier unit are joined to one another by the metal foam within a joining region. The metal foam is introduced into an intermediate space between the glass/ceramic unit and the carrier unit. An independent claim is also included for a radiation source with a glass/ceramic unit.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a radiation source according to the preamble of claims 1 and 2, and to a radiation source having at least one glass or ceramic element and at least one carrier element according to the preamble of claims 25 and 26.

In particular, the present invention relates to the manufacture of a lamp, in particular a discharge lamp, as it is preferably used in lighting, domestic and automotive engineering, as well as such radiation sources themselves. In addition, the present invention also relates to similar elements and assemblies that a radiation source For example, a Braun tube, as used in television screens and computer monitors.

Known radiation sources, in particular incandescent lamps and discharge lamps, often consist of a glass or ceramic hollow body, which is connected to one or more sockets. Furthermore, conventional incandescent lamps and discharge lamps have electrical leads, which are connected to a glow device or a discharge device in the interior of the incandescent lamp or discharge lamp.

The or the base of an incandescent lamp or a discharge lamp are often designed as metallic or ceramic sleeves, wherein the electrical leads are connected to the metallic sleeve or a terminal isolated from the metallic sleeve or with electrically conductive connection elements in a ceramic sleeve. The electrical leads are often quartz partially or fully embedded molybdenum foils or wires that are contacted with the metal pedestal or the electrically conductive leads (e.g., by welding, soldering, clamping, crimping, etc.).

Due to the high temperatures that reach the incandescent and discharge lamps during operation, can be used to connect the glass or ceramic element with the base or with other components of the lamp, such. As a reflector or an end cap, no organic adhesives are used, as these by the high operating temperatures be destroyed. The commercially available high-temperature-resistant adhesives, which are predominantly also used in the construction of lamps, are mostly ceramic or ceramic adhesives which have sufficient temperature resistance.

The preparation of the compound is usually carried out in several steps: positioning and fixing the light-generating lamp area opposite the connecting parts, filling the resulting gap with ceramic cement or adhesive, optionally fine alignment of the components to each other, and finally the drying and curing of the ceramic Kitte, optionally supported and accelerated through a heat treatment.

However, these known methods for producing a radiation source and the correspondingly produced radiation source are subject to some serious disadvantages due to the ceramic cement or adhesive used. On the one hand, the drying and heat treatment steps described above are very laborious and time-consuming and thus expensive. Ceramic putties can only be processed within a limited period of time, the so-called pot life, before the incipient hardening process prevents further processing. Due to the limited pot life of the ceramic putties and a generally existing tendency to segregate, a process automation for the production of the radiation source is indeed possible, but maintenance-intensive and often associated with high waste.

On the other hand, there is a risk that a compound produced by a ceramic cement or adhesive dissolves due to unfavorable process control during processing or composition, due to unfavorable climatic conditions or thermal cycling. In this case, the putty will crack, detach from the adjacent materials, and / or crumble, resulting in failure of the joint and failure of the radiation source. In order to prevent failure of the adhesive bond expensive ceramic putties and adhesives are currently used in the manufacture of radiation sources and / or longer drying and curing times or heat treatments accepted. Both approaches lead to increased production costs of the radiation source.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve a method for producing a radiation source of the type mentioned above such that the method makes it possible to produce a radiation source in a simple and cost-effective manner.

It is a further object of the present invention to improve a radiation source of the type mentioned at the outset such that the lifetime of the radiation source is changed by improving the connection between a glass or ceramic element of the radiation source and adjacent components.

With regard to the production method, the above object is achieved by a first aspect according to the invention by a method for producing a radiation source with at least one glass or ceramic element and at least one support element, wherein the glass or ceramic element and the support element are interconnected by metal foam within a connection region.

With regard to the manufacturing method, the aforementioned object is achieved by a second aspect according to the invention by a method for producing a radiation source with at least one glass or ceramic element and at least one support element, wherein the support element is produced as foamed support member made of metal foam.

Both methods are advantageously suitable for simplifying the production of a radiation source by the use of metal foam. Through the use of metal foam, the process chain is reduced to a short heat treatment to initiate the foaming process of the metal foam by the complex drying and heat treatment phase, which is necessary for the curing of a ceramic Kitte. Furthermore, it is possible by the method according to the invention to dispense with a conventional carrier element and instead to produce this as a foamed carrier element made of metal foam. This process further shortens the process chain for producing a radiation source.

According to a preferred embodiment of the former method, the metal foam is placed in a gap between the glass or ceramic element and the carrier element. In the heat treatment process, a connection is made between the glass or ceramic element and the carrier element.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the first-mentioned method, a foamable starting material is introduced in a gap between the glass or ceramic element and the carrier element. The foamable molding material can be prefabricated with any desired format, in particular as a wire-shaped or flat semi-finished material, and loosely inserted between or adjacent to the support element and / or glass or ceramic element. By activating this foamable starting material in the intermediate space, for example by an induction process, the foamable starting material is foamed to the metal foam. During subsequent cooling, the connection between the glass or ceramic element and the carrier element is produced. In this way, it is possible to further shorten the process chain, since no metal foam must be provided in advance, but the metal foam is formed at the point where he later met his connection task.

It is advantageous if the carrier element is made of a material whose melting point is equal to or higher than the foaming point of the metal foam. This prevents that the support element deforms or melts when introducing the metal foam or when activating the foamable starting material due to the high temperatures. After the glass or ceramic element and the support member have been previously positioned relative to each other, it is still possible, until the solidification of the metal foam begins to change the position of the glass or ceramic element to the support member to registration inaccuracies, by the introduction of the metal foam or . are formed by the activation of the foamable starting material, to compensate.

According to a preferred embodiment of the second-mentioned method, a connection region of the glass or ceramic element to be foamed is positioned in a foaming mold. The foaming mold has an image of the carrier element to be foamed as negative on. If metal foam is introduced into the foaming mold or a foamable starting material in the foaming mold is activated, the metal foam combines with the glass or ceramic element and at the same time forms the negative of the foaming mold as a positive image.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the second-mentioned method, an image of at least one receiving element, preferably a receiving undercut, a receiving groove or a receiving thread in the foamed carrier element is achieved by the design of the foam mold. As a result, the process chain for producing a radiation source is further shortened, since not only can a prefabricated carrier element be dispensed with, but the foamed carrier element does not have to be reworked or reshaped by machining technology in order to enable a later, custom-fit installation of the radiation source.

In a further preferred embodiment of the second-mentioned method, the foaming mold is tempered in order to achieve a collapse of pores of the metal foam in those areas of the foamed support element adjoining the foaming mold. As a result, the formation of receiving elements, d. H. the faithful representation of the receiving elements, obtained from the negative of the foaming mold.

For both aforementioned methods, it is advantageous if the metal foam is produced by a melt metallurgical process or by activation of the foamable starting material, preferably by induction, conduction or infrared radiation. The induction method is particularly suitable because the heating is rapid and the heat treatment process can be controlled precisely.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the aforementioned method, at least one radiation unit and / or at least one electrical supply line is arranged in the glass or ceramic element, and the radiation unit and / or the electrical supply line within the connection region are electrically conductively connected to the carrier element by metal foam. connected to the foamed carrier element. Thus, the manufacturing process is further shortened as it it is no longer necessary to connect electrical leads to a carrier element, for example a base, by means of an additional joining method, for example by welding.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the non-positive and / or positive connection properties of the metal foam are supported by at least one connecting element on the glass or ceramic element and / or the carrier element, preferably by an undercut and / or a groove. Thus, further method steps for securing the connection between the glass or ceramic element and the carrier element or the foamed carrier element, for example by a forming process, can be dispensed with.

Further preferred embodiments of the methods for producing a radiation source are set forth in further dependent claims.

With regard to the radiation source, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by a first aspect according to the invention by a radiation source having at least one glass or ceramic element and at least one carrier element, wherein the glass or ceramic element and the carrier element are interconnected by metal foam within a connection region.

With regard to the radiation source, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by a second aspect according to the invention by a radiation source having at least one glass or ceramic element and at least one carrier element, wherein the carrier element is a foamed carrier element which consists of metal foam.

As already described above, the use of metal foam simplifies the production of the radiation source and can therefore be carried out at a lower cost. On the other hand, the use of metal foam extends the life of the radiation source, since metal foam is not subject to the destructive mechanisms known from adhesives or ceramic kitten. In addition, metal foam has a very good thermal conductivity, whereby the cooling of the power supply, especially in lamps with high operating temperatures, such as high-pressure discharge lamps, is favored. Is the radiation source frequently turned on and off Due to its structure, metal foam, due to its structure, makes it possible to better compensate for the stresses that arise in the radiation source as a result of the different thermal expansion and subsequent contraction of the various components of the radiation source.

In a preferred embodiment of the first-mentioned device claim is located within the connection region, a gap between the glass or ceramic element and the carrier element, is introduced in the metal foam to compensate for the resulting stresses due to the different thermal expansion behavior of the various components of the radiation source.

Furthermore, it is advantageous in the production of the radiation source, if the carrier element consists of a material whose melting point is equal to or higher than the foaming point of the metal foam.

It proves to be advantageous, therefore, that the carrier element consists of a metallic, ceramic or glass material or a combination of said materials.

According to a preferred embodiment of the second-mentioned device, the foamed carrier element is connected in a connecting region with the glass or ceramic element. As a result, a defined transition of the heat generated during operation between the glass or ceramic element and the foamed carrier element can be ensured.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the second-mentioned device, the outer regions of the foamed carrier element have a higher density and lower porosity than regions of the foamed carrier element that lie closer to the foamed glass or ceramic element. Along with the lower porosity, the dimensional accuracy and the surface quality of the outer region of the foamed carrier element increases, whereby, for example, defined receiving elements in this region can be produced with a required dimensional accuracy and accuracy.

The radiation source according to the aforementioned device claims is preferably a lamp, for example a discharge lamp, in which high operating temperatures can occur.

Advantageously, the glass or ceramic element and / or the carrier element at least one connecting element, which is preferably designed as an undercut and / or groove. By such a connecting element, the frictional and / or positive connection properties of the metal foam are supported, whereby a failure of the compound is prevented, and thereby extends the life of the radiation source.

Preferably, the carrier element or the foamed carrier element is a base, a reflector or an end cap. Since these elements have all the surfaces which are suitable for cooling the radiation source, a connection of these carrier elements with the glass or ceramic element which heats up during operation by the thermally highly conductive metal foam enables a rapid removal of the operating heat.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the carrier element or the foamed carrier element in an outer region at least one receiving element, preferably a receiving undercut, a receiving groove or a receiving thread. With the help of this receiving element, the radiation source, for example, non-positively in a dedicated recording device, for. B. a lamp holder can be introduced.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one radiation unit and / or at least one electrical supply line is arranged in the glass or ceramic element. Within the connection region, the radiation unit and / or the electrical supply lead is electrically conductively connected by metal foam to the carrier element or to the foamed carrier element. In this case, the metal foam assumes not only a thermally conductive, but also an electrically conductive function, whereby the number of manufacturing steps or the number of components is reduced.

According to a further particularly preferred embodiment of the radiation source, the radiation unit and / or the electrical supply line within the connection region on an insulation, by the contact with the metal foam and / or other electrically conductive elements, for example, a further supply line is prevented. This makes it possible, for example, to arrange two separate electrical leads within a carrier element or a foamed carrier element, without generating a short circuit during operation of the radiation source.

Further preferred embodiments of the radiation sources are set forth in further dependent claims.

Fig. 1

eine Schnittdarstellung einer Entladungslampe;

Fig. 2

eine Schnittdarstellung der Entladungslampe mit einem Sockel, einem Reflektor und einer Endkappe;

Fig. 3

eine Schnittdarstellung eines Glas- oder Keramikelementes und eines Trägerelementes;

Fig. 4

eine Schnittdarstellung des Glas- oder Keramikelementes und des Trägerelementes, die durch Metallschaum verbunden sind;

Fig. 5

eine Schnittdarstellung des Glas- oder Keramikelementes und des Trägerelementes mit einem schäumbaren Vormaterial;

Fig. 6

eine Schnittdarstellung des Glas- oder Keramikelementes und des Trägerelementes, die nach Aktivierung des schäumbaren Vormaterials durch Metallschaum verbunden sind;

Fig. 7

eine Schnittdarstellung des Glas- oder Keramikelementes mit Metallschaum (Trägerelement) umhüllt in einer Schäumform; und

Fig. 8

eine Schnittdarstellung des Glas- oder Keramikelementes mit einem geschäumten Trägerelement.

The present invention will be explained below with reference to preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying figures. In these show:

Fig. 1

a sectional view of a discharge lamp;

Fig. 2

a sectional view of the discharge lamp with a base, a reflector and an end cap;

Fig. 3

a sectional view of a glass or ceramic element and a carrier element;

Fig. 4

a sectional view of the glass or ceramic element and the carrier element, which are connected by metal foam;

Fig. 5

a sectional view of the glass or ceramic element and the carrier element with a foamable starting material;

Fig. 6

a sectional view of the glass or ceramic element and the carrier element, which are connected after activation of the foamable starting material by metal foam;

Fig. 7

a sectional view of the glass or ceramic element with metal foam (carrier element) wrapped in a foam mold; and

Fig. 8

a sectional view of the glass or ceramic element with a foamed support element.

The structure of a radiation source according to the invention is shown in Fig. 1 using the example of a sectional view of a discharge lamp. The discharge lamp consists of a glass or ceramic element 1, in the interior of which a radiation unit 8 is arranged. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the radiation unit 8 is two electrodes that are surrounded by a gas. But it is also conceivable that the radiation unit 8 is designed, for example, as a filament or as electrodes which are in a vacuum.

The radiation unit 8 is connected to electrical leads 9. The radiation source 8 shown is a, preferably tubular, discharge lamp with two opposite ends, so that the electrical supply line 9 also leads in two opposite directions. At each of its ends, the discharge lamp shown has a support element 2a, which is designed as a metallic or ceramic base.

Within a connecting region 3 is metal foam 4, which connects the glass or ceramic element 1 with the carrier element 2a. Depending on the intended use and the structure of the radiation source, it is also conceivable for the metal foam 4 to connect the electrical supply line 9 within the connection region 3 to the carrier element 2a, for example a metallic base. In addition, the metal foam 4 can also be used to connect the electrical supply line 9 with a further electrically conductive element within a non-conductive carrier element 2a. Furthermore, it is possible that this connection or the electrical supply line 9 is insulated by a glass or ceramic material at a further electrical supply line or from the metal foam 4 or the carrier element 2a in order to avoid a short circuit during operation of the discharge lamp. This may be necessary, for example, if the radiation source only over a single Has pedestal through which run at least two electrical leads 9, which are needed to power the radiation unit 8 (not shown).

In the embodiments described above, the metal foam 4 in addition to the function of a thermally conductive joining material also assumes the function of an electrically conductive connection.

In an exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the discharge lamp with a plurality of carrier elements 2 a, namely a base 12, a reflector 13 and an end cap 14, is shown in a sectional representation. On one side, the glass or ceramic element 1 is connected to the base 12 by the metal foam 4. The metal foam 4 is also suitable to connect to the reflector 13 and / or the end cap with the base 12, so that an integrated optical system is formed in which all elements are connected to each other by metal foam 4. In certain areas, it may therefore be necessary to electrically insulate the electrical supply lines 9 or the carrier elements 2a which are in contact with the metal foam 4.

During operation of the radiation source, the surface of the entire optical system serves to dissipate the heat generated in the glass or ceramic element 1. This is achieved by the thermal conductivity of the metal foam 4, which is used as a bonding material between the individual components of the optical system. Furthermore, it is possible by the structure and properties of the metal foam 4, to compensate for the different expansion behavior of different materials of the optical system shown.

In an exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, a sectional view of the glass or ceramic element 1 and of the carrier element 2a is shown. Within the connection region 3, the two components are separated by a gap 5 from each other. In the exemplary embodiment shown, furthermore, the glass or ceramic element 1 is provided with an undercut 10, while the carrier element 2 a has a groove 11. These connecting elements shown can also be designed differently, the non-positive and / or positive connection properties to support the metal foam 4, when it is introduced into the gap 5.

It is expressly pointed out that the connecting elements shown need not necessarily be present on the glass or ceramic element 1 and / or on the carrier elements 2a, since a permanent connection is also made possible exclusively by the cohesive, non-positive and / or positive connection properties of the metal foam.

The support element 2a may consist of a metallic, ceramic or glass material or of a combination of said materials. When choosing the carrier element 2a and the glass or ceramic element 1, it must be ensured that these consist of materials whose melting point is equal to or higher than the foaming point of the metal foam 4, since otherwise it would lead to deformation or destruction during introduction of the metal foam 4 the said elements comes.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 4 differs from the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3 in that the glass or ceramic element 1 and the carrier element 2 a are connected by the metal foam 4, which is introduced into the intermediate space 5 within the connection region 3. The metal foam 4 consists for example of tin, zinc, aluminum, copper, iron or a corresponding foamable alloy and has a porous structure.

Before introducing the metal foam 4, the glass or ceramic element 1 and the carrier element 2a are positioned relative to one another. However, it is also possible, after the introduction of the metal foam 4, to position the said elements relative to one another or to carry out a change in position until the solidification of the metal foam 4 commences.

In an exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the glass or ceramic element 1 has a groove 11, while the carrier element 2 a has an undercut 10. Within the connecting region 3, a foamable starting material 6 is introduced into the intermediate space 5. The foamable starting material 6 is for example of an aluminum alloy with a blowing agent, for example titanium hydride.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 6 differs from the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5 in that the introduced starting material 6 has been activated and has been foamed into the metal foam 4. The metal foam 4 fills, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the gap 5 within the connection region 3 between the glass or ceramic element 1 and the carrier element 2 a.

When choosing the carrier element 2a is to ensure that it consists of a material whose melting point is equal to or higher than the foaming point of the foamable starting material 6.

Before the activation of the foamable starting material 6, the glass or ceramic element 1 and the carrier element 2a are positioned relative to one another. However, it is also possible to change the position of the glass or ceramic element 1 to the carrier element 2a until the solidification of the metal foam 4 begins.

In general, the metal foam 4 is produced by a melt metallurgical process or by activation of the foamable starting material 6. The foamable starting material 6 is preferably produced by a powder metallurgy process, as used, for example, in sintering. The activation of the foamable starting material 6 takes place either in a separate device or within the connecting region 3 of the glass or ceramic element 1 or the carrier element 2a or in the intermediate space 5 between the said elements. The activation of the foamable starting material 6 preferably takes place by induction, conduction or infrared radiation.

In an embodiment not shown, the carrier element 2a in an outer region at least one receiving element. This receiving element is formed for example as an undercut, groove or thread.

FIG. 7 shows a sectional illustration of the glass or ceramic element 1 in a foaming mold 7. The glass or ceramic element 1 is, as already described above, formed.

The foaming mold 7, in which the glass or ceramic element 1 or the connection region 3 of the glass or ceramic element 1 to be foamed, is positioned, has an image of the support element to be foamed as a negative. On the one hand, this includes the imaging of receiving elements, for example undercuts, grooves or threads in the foam mold 7, but on the other hand also the provision of certain areas in the foam mold 7 for other components of the radiation source, such as electrical leads 9 or insulation.

A foamed support element 2b fills the area between the glass or ceramic element 1 and the foaming mold 7. As already described above for the carrier element 2a, the foamed carrier element 2b can also contain regions which are electrically connected to the electrical supply line 9 and / or the radiation unit 8 or are insulated from these.

In order to produce the foamed support element 2b as foam-around of the connection region 3 of the glass or ceramic element 1, either metal foam 4 is introduced into the foam mold 7, or foamable starting material 6 within the foam mold 7, for example by induction, is activated. Upon solidification of the foamed carrier element 2b, the foamed carrier element 2b is permanently connected to the glass or ceramic element 1.

In order to more easily remove the radiation source produced in this way from the foam mold 7, it is advantageous if a release agent is previously introduced into the regions of the foam mold -7 which are in contact with the foamed support element 2b. Alternatively, the foaming mold 7 may consist of a material that includes the separating function, or consist of a composite system (composite material or foam material-repellent covering layer), which still contains the separating function in addition to the shaping function. Especially for undercut geometries, a split shape can be moved, for example, at an angle to a main axis of the foam body Mold halves are used. After cooling or hardening of the metal foam 4, the radiation source is removed from the foam mold 7.

FIG. 8 shows a sectional view of the glass or ceramic element 1 with a foamed carrier element 2b which has been removed from the foam mold 7. The electrical supply line 9, which is in contact with the radiation unit 8 within the glass or ceramic element 1, is not electrically insulated from it in the present case within the area of the foamed carrier element 2b. Nevertheless, e.g. in the case of several supply lines, such electrical insulation is required or, for other reasons, only desired and realized.

In an embodiment not shown, the outer regions of the foamed carrier element 2b have a higher density and lower porosity than regions of the foamed carrier element 2b, which lie closer to the foamed glass or ceramic element 1. This makes it possible to external recording elements such. B. a receiving thread, faithful to shape and with a higher surface quality.

The necessary compression of the outer regions of the foamed carrier element 2b can be achieved on the one hand by a corresponding temperature of the foaming mold 7, whereby pores of the metal foam 4 collapse in those adjacent to the foaming mold 7 areas. On the other hand, however, the compression can also take place by means of a heat treatment carried out after demoulding the radiation source and / or mechanical deformation. A graduation of the metal foam density can also be realized by the foaming mold material, for example, used in multiple layers and / or used with different propellant contents. Graduation of the metal foam density is further e.g. also possible by combining non-foamable aluminum with foamable molding material (e.g., Al foam).

The embodiments described above describe a method for producing a radiation source and a radiation source having at least one glass or ceramic element and at least one carrier element, wherein the glass or ceramic element and the carrier element within a connection region are interconnected by metal foam. Furthermore, the embodiments described above describe a method for producing a radiation source and a radiation source having at least one glass or ceramic element and at least one carrier element, wherein the carrier element is a foamed carrier element which consists of metal foam.

Claims (39)

Method for producing a radiation source with at least one glass or ceramic element (1) and at least one carrier element (2a), characterized in that the glass or ceramic element (1) and the carrier element (2a) are protected by metal foam (3) within a connection region (3). 4) are interconnected. Method for producing a radiation source with at least one glass or ceramic element (1) and at least one carrier element, characterized in that the carrier element is produced as a foamed carrier element (2b) made of metal foam (4). A method according to claim 1, characterized in that in a gap (5) between the glass or ceramic element (1) and the carrier element (2a) of the metal foam (4) is introduced, the heat-treating the connection between the glass or ceramic element (5). 1) and the carrier element (2a) produces. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that in a gap (5) between the glass or ceramic member (1) and the carrier element (2a) a foamable starting material (6) is introduced, in the intermediate space (5) by activation to metal foam (4) is foamed and when cooling the connection between the glass or ceramic element (1) and the carrier element (2a) produces. Method according to at least one of claims 1, 3 or 4, characterized in that before the metal foam (4) is introduced into the intermediate space (5) or before the foamable starting material (6) introduced into the intermediate space (5) is activated, the Glass or ceramic element (1) and the support element (2a) are positioned relative to each other. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the glass or ceramic element (1) used in a foaming mold (7) in which molten metal foam (4) is located. Method according to at least one of claims 1 or 3 to 6, characterized in that even after the introduction of the metal foam (4) in the intermediate space (5) or after activation of the introduced into the intermediate space (5) foamable starting material (6) or after insertion of the glass or ceramic element (1) into the foaming mold (7), the position of the glass or ceramic element (1) to the support element (2a) can be changed until the solidification of the metal foam (4) begins. Method according to at least one of claims 1 or 3 to 7, characterized in that the carrier element (2a) is made of a material whose melting point is equal to or higher than the foaming point of the metal foam (4). Method according to claim 2 or 7, characterized in that a connecting region (3) of the glass or ceramic element (1) to be foamed is positioned in a foaming mold (7) which has a counterforming element of the carrier element to be foamed. A method according to claim 2, 7 or 9, characterized in that a release agent is introduced into the foam mold (7) or the foam mold (7) consists of a material that includes a separation function or the foam itself embodies the separation function. Method according to at least one of claims 2, 7, 9 or 10, characterized in that the metal foam (4) is introduced into the foaming mold (7). Method according to at least one of claims 2, 7, 9 or 10, characterized in that a foamable starting material (6) is introduced into the foaming mold (7). A method according to at least one of claims 2, 7, 9 to 12, characterized in that by the design of the foam mold (7) an image of at least one receiving element, preferably a receiving undercuts, a receiving groove or a receiving thread in the foamed support member (2b) is achieved , Method according to at least one of Claims 2, 7, 9 to 13, characterized in that the regions of the foamed carrier element (2b) adjacent to the foaming mold (7) have a higher density and lower porosity than the regions of the foamed carrier element (2b), which are closer to the foamed glass or ceramic element (1). A method according to claim 14, characterized in that the foaming mold (7) is tempered, in order to achieve a compression of the metal foam (4) in the foaming mold (7) adjacent areas of the foamed carrier element (2b). Method according to at least one of claims 2, 9 to 15, characterized in that after the cooling or hardening of the metal foam (4), the carrier element (2b) foamed around the glass or ceramic element (1) is removed from the foam mold (7) , Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the metal foam (4) in the range of high operating temperatures and / or temperature compensation of an expansion behavior of the glass or ceramic element (1) and / or connected to the metal foam carrier element (2a) and / or an operating environment of the radiation source is used. Method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the metal foam (4) is produced by a melt-metallurgical process or by activation of the foamable starting material (6), preferably by induction, conduction or infrared radiation. A method according to claim 18, characterized in that the foamable starting material (6) in the space (5) between the glass or ceramic element (1) and the carrier element (2a) or in the foaming mold (7) is activated by induction. A method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the foamable starting material (6) is produced by a powder metallurgy process. Method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the metal foam (4) or the foamable starting material (6) is produced, for example, from tin, zinc, aluminum, copper, iron or their alloys. Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that in the glass or ceramic element (1) at least one radiation unit (8) and / or at least one electrical supply line (9) is arranged, and that the radiation unit (8) and / or electrical supply line (9) within the connecting region (3) by metal foam (4) is electrically conductively connected to the carrier element (2a) or with the foamed carrier element (2b). Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that a non-detachable connection between the glass or ceramic element (1) and the carrier element (2a) or the foamed carrier element (2b) by cohesive, non-positive and / or positive connection properties of the metal foam (4) is generated. A method according to claim 23, characterized in that by at least one connecting element to the glass or ceramic element (1) and / or the carrier element (2a), preferably by an undercut (10) and / or groove (11), the frictional and / or or positive connection properties of the metal foam (4) are supported. Radiation source with at least one glass or ceramic element (1) and at least one carrier element (2a), characterized in that the glass or ceramic element (1) and the carrier element (2a) within a connection region (3) by metal foam (4) are interconnected. Radiation source with at least one glass or ceramic element (1) and at least one carrier element, characterized in that the carrier element is a foamed carrier element (2b), which consists of metal foam (4). Radiation source according to claim 25, characterized in that within the connecting region (3) there is a gap (5) between the glass or ceramic element (1) and the carrier element (2a), in which metal foam (4) is introduced, which contains the glass - or ceramic element (1) with the carrier element (2a) connects. Radiation source according to claim 25 or 27, characterized in that the carrier element (2a) is made of a material whose melting point is equal to or higher than the foaming point of the metal foam (4). Radiation source according to at least one of claims 25, 27 or 28, characterized in that the carrier element (2a) consists of a metallic, ceramic or glass material or a combination of said materials. Radiation source according to claim 26, characterized in that the foamed carrier element (2b) is connected in a connection region (3) with the glass or ceramic element (1). Radiation source according to claim 26 or 30, characterized in that outer regions of the foamed carrier element (2b) have a higher density and lower porosity than regions of the foamed carrier element (2b) which lie closer to the foamed glass or ceramic element (1). Radiation source according to at least one of claims 25 to 31, characterized in that the metal foam (4) allows a high temperature resistant connection and compensates for the size changes of at least the glass or ceramic element (1) due to high operating temperatures. Radiation source according to at least one of claims 25 to 32, characterized in that it is the radiation source is a lamp, preferably a discharge or incandescent lamp. Radiation source according to at least one of claims 25 to 33, characterized in that the glass or ceramic element (1) and / or the carrier element (2a) has at least one surface enlarging element, preferably as an undercut (10) and / or groove (11). is executed. Radiation source according to at least one of claims 25 to 34, characterized in that the carrier element (2a) or the foamed carrier element (2b) is a base (12), a reflector (13) or an end cap (14). Radiation source according to at least one of claims 25 to 35, characterized in that the carrier element (2a) or the foamed carrier element (2b) has in an outer region at least one receiving element, preferably a receiving undercut, a receiving groove or a receiving thread. Radiation source according to at least one of claims 25 to 36, characterized in that the metal foam (4) consists for example of tin, zinc, aluminum, copper, iron or corresponding alloys and has a porous structure. Radiation source according to at least one of claims 25 to 37, characterized in that in the glass or ceramic element (1) at least one radiation unit (8) and / or at least one electrical lead (9) is arranged, and that the radiation unit (8) and / or electrical supply line (9) within the connecting region (3) by metal foam (4) is electrically conductively connected to the carrier element (2a) or with the foamed carrier element (2b). Radiation source according to at least one of claims 25 to 38, characterized in that the radiation unit (8) and / or electrical supply line (9) within the connection region (3) has an insulation, by which a contact with the metal foam (4) and / or further electrically conductive elements is prevented.

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