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EP1672269B1 - Installation for supplying gaseous fuel to an energy producing unit of a ship for transportation of liquid gas - Google Patents

Installation for supplying gaseous fuel to an energy producing unit of a ship for transportation of liquid gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1672269B1
EP1672269B1 EP05111846A EP05111846A EP1672269B1 EP 1672269 B1 EP1672269 B1 EP 1672269B1 EP 05111846 A EP05111846 A EP 05111846A EP 05111846 A EP05111846 A EP 05111846A EP 1672269 B1 EP1672269 B1 EP 1672269B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
evaporator
gas
installation
outlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP05111846A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1672269A1 (en
Inventor
Matthieu Lorang
Yves Blandeau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chantiers de lAtlantique SA
Original Assignee
Aker Yards SA
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1672269A1 publication Critical patent/EP1672269A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1672269B1 publication Critical patent/EP1672269B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63HMARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H21/38Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013Two or more vessels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323Valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0338Pressure regulators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135Pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157Compressors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0171Arrangement
    • F17C2227/0178Arrangement in the vessel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/01Intermediate tanks
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043Pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0443Flow or movement of content
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03Treating the boil-off
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/037Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00Applications
    • F17C2270/01Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105Ships

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an installation for supplying gaseous fuel to an energy production assembly of a liquefied gas transport vessel, said gaseous fuel being compressed at a certain supply pressure by one or more apparatuses before supplying fuel to the fuel. set of energy production through at least one supply manifold.
  • the invention relates to the regulation and servocontrol of the pressurized gas supply of the gas-powered energy generator of a liquefied gas transport vessel, this unit possibly comprising, for example, one or more diesel groups or one or more several gas turbines.
  • the operating characteristics of a gas-fed energy generator generally imply that this gas supply is carried out under a relatively low supply pressure which may be, for example, of the order of four bars. In steady state, this power supply is generally performed under the correct conditions by the existing compression devices that are capable of delivering the desired flow rate and supply pressure.
  • These devices which include, for example, a compressor and / or a pump supplying an evaporator are generally controlled by pressure regulators located in particular at the level of the supply manifold so as to maintain in this supply manifold a pressure close to the pressure of setpoint supply.
  • Such a variation in the load of the energy production unit may be due to a request for acceleration or deceleration of the speed of the ship, to the commissioning or stopping of large consumers such as cargo pumps or other.
  • the power generator speed and the power they deliver are disturbed, so that this transition can cause the undesired termination of the energy generator by lack of fuel gas pressure or damage to the compression apparatus by failure to respect acceptable minimum or maximum pressure constraints.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to overcome the inertia of forced evaporation.
  • the subject of the invention is an installation for supplying gaseous fuel to an energy production assembly of a liquefied gas transport vessel, from the contents of at least one vessel of said vessel, comprising at least a compressor whose inlet sucks gas in the vapor phase into said tank, the output of the compressor discharging into a supply manifold of said energy production assembly, further comprising a pump immersed at the bottom of the tank and connected to the inlet an evaporator, the outlet of the evaporator being connected to said supply manifold of said energy production assembly via a supply line, characterized in that the pump is adapted to supply the evaporator with liquefied gas at a higher pressure at the supply pressure of said assembly, and in that said supply line is equipped with means for regulating the flow rate of the gas supplied to said feed collector ntation.
  • These regulation means are intended to progressively discharge the gas at the feed pressure into the manifold to regulate and stabilize the pressure, in case of variation of the load of the energy production assembly tending to temporarily vary the pressure of the feed. 'food.
  • the power supply conditions of the power generation assembly are optimal, even during the transient phases of charge variation.
  • the flow control means of the gas supplied to the supply manifold are connected to means for measuring pressure in said manifold.
  • a buffer tank is located upstream of the flow control means. In this way, it is possible to permanently have a reserve of gas at a pressure greater than the supply pressure of the energy production assembly to overcome any pressure variation in said manifold.
  • This buffer tank solution makes it possible to increase the volume of excess gas reserve if the volume of the pipe does not provide a sufficient safety volume because of its length and / or its diameter.
  • a cooling device is located on the outlet pipe of the evaporator, and gas pressure regulating means at the outlet of the evaporator are located upstream of the evaporator.
  • the cooling device thus makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the gas leaving the evaporator, and the pressure regulating means make it possible to maintain a pressure at the outlet of the evaporator lower than the pressure at the pump outlet to ensure the operation of the cooling device while maintaining upstream of the flow control means a gas pressure greater than the pressure in the supply manifold.
  • the pressure regulating means are connected to means for measuring pressure downstream of the cooling device.
  • the cooling device may further comprise a device for evaporation of liquefied gas from at least one tank and activated by the temperature measured in the pipe at the outlet of the cooling device.
  • the means for regulating the gas flow rate supplied to the supply manifold are also connected to means for measuring the gas flows produced by the compressor and the evaporator and consumed by the energy production unit and by a gas oxidation device, sometimes called incinerator or "oxidizer" in English.
  • a gas oxidation device sometimes called incinerator or "oxidizer” in English.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 the elements dedicated to the production of energy on a LNG carrier are shown schematically and here comprise an assembly 1 for producing electrical energy and / or heat.
  • This set 1 may comprise diesel engines driving alternators for the production of electrical energy for the electrical installations of the ship and its propulsion, but could alternatively comprise a conventional assembly comprising a boiler for producing steam supplying a steam turbine for the propeller drive.
  • the energy production unit 1 is fed with gas that is taken from one or more tanks 2 of the LNG carrier.
  • the feed gas is most often methane which is directly taken from the tanks under a supply pressure of a few bars.
  • This feed gas is taken in parallel in two ways.
  • the gas in the vapor phase 4 is taken from the tank 2, above the surface of the liquid methane 5, to be compressed in a compressor 6 which is driven by a not shown electric motor.
  • This gas is then injected into a supply manifold 7 at the desired pressure to feed the assembly 1 of energy production.
  • a pump 8 immersed at the bottom of the tank 2 and electrically powered takes liquid methane 3 which is conducted in an evaporator 9.
  • the methane is in gaseous form to also feed the collector.
  • supply 7 of the assembly 1 of energy production via a supply line 10.
  • An overpressure evacuation pipe is connected to the supply manifold 7, downstream of the connection of the pipe 10 to this supply manifold, and leads to an oxidation device 11 of the gas.
  • overpressure can occur following a sudden decrease in the load of the unit 1, leading to a sudden drop in its gas consumption.
  • a gas flow control valve 12 is placed at the outlet of the pipe 10 and upstream of the supply manifold 7 of the assembly 1 so as to overcome a pressure variation. in this power collector.
  • This valve 12 may be slaved in particular by a pressure regulator 13 connected to the supply manifold and more generally be controlled by a control automaton.
  • the pump 8 supplies the evaporator 9 with liquefied gas at a pressure greater than the supply pressure of the energy production assembly 1.
  • the gas in the vapor phase at the outlet of the evaporator 9 is delivered to an pressure higher than the supply pressure established in the supply manifold 7, and which creates in the pipe 10 a reserve of high-pressure gas that can supply this supply manifold as required for the assembly 1 via the valve 12.
  • the valve 12 which connects the pipe 10 to the supply manifold 7 adapts its opening to discharge into the manifold a part of the reserve gas in the pipe 10, at the required supply pressure at the manifold. This makes it possible, for example, to compensate for a supply pressure drop in the collector due to a load increase of the assembly 1, in order to maintain the supply pressure at its setpoint.
  • a buffer tank 14 situated on the pipe 10 upstream of the regulation valve 12 is inflated to the outlet pressure of the evaporator 9, which pressure is greater than the pressure of supply of the assembly 1.
  • a buffer tank 14 situated on the pipe 10 upstream of the regulation valve 12 is inflated to the outlet pressure of the evaporator 9, which pressure is greater than the pressure of supply of the assembly 1.
  • FIG. 2 also shows a cooling device 15 comprising a device for injecting liquefied gas from at least one tank 2.
  • This device makes it possible to cool the gas at the outlet of the evaporator 9 so as to be in a temperature and pressure range allowing a reactivity of the valve 12 sufficient to maintain the supply pressure in the collector at its set point.
  • this cooling device 15 is activated by measuring the temperature at the outlet of the evaporator 9, the conventional measuring means not being shown in the figures.
  • another control valve 16 is situated at the inlet of the evaporator 9 in order to regulate the pressure at the outlet of said evaporator 9 from the measurement of this pressure by means 17. This ensures that this pressure is lower than the pump output pressure 8 supplying the cooling device 15 so as to create a fluid call.
  • This valve 16 also has as regulation set a pressure greater than the supply pressure of the supply manifold 7, so that the valve 12 can perform its function.
  • the valve 16 can also be regulated by means for measuring the flow rates of the gas consumed by the set 1 of energy production and by the gas oxidation device 11 and measuring the flow rates produced by the compressor 6 and the evaporator 9, in order to measure the difference between the gas flow rates respectively in production and consumption and to regulate the valve 16 in function.
  • This variant makes it possible to provide additional stability in pressure at the outlet of the evaporator 9, by a better reactivity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne une installation pour la fourniture de combustible gazeux à un ensemble de production énergétique d'un navire de transport de gaz liquéfié, ce combustible gazeux étant comprimé à une certaine pression d'alimentation par un ou plusieurs appareils avant d'alimenter l'ensemble de production énergétique à travers au moins un collecteur d'alimentation.The invention relates to an installation for supplying gaseous fuel to an energy production assembly of a liquefied gas transport vessel, said gaseous fuel being compressed at a certain supply pressure by one or more apparatuses before supplying fuel to the fuel. set of energy production through at least one supply manifold.

L'invention concerne la régulation et l'asservissement de l'alimentation en gaz sous pression du générateur d'énergie à alimentation gaz d'un navire de transport de gaz liquéfié, cet ensemble pouvant comprendre par exemple un ou plusieurs groupes diesels ou une ou plusieurs turbines à gaz. Les caractéristiques de fonctionnement d'un générateur d'énergie à alimentation gaz impliquent généralement que cette alimentation en gaz soit réalisée sous une relativement faible pression d'alimentation qui peut être par exemple de l'ordre de quatre bars. En régime permanent, cette alimentation est généralement réalisée dans des conditions correctes par les appareils de compression existants qui sont capables de délivrer le débit et la pression d'alimentation souhaités. Ces appareils qui incluent par exemple un compresseur et/ou une pompe alimentant un évaporateur sont généralement pilotés par des régulateurs de pression situés notamment au niveau du collecteur d'alimentation de manière à maintenir dans ce collecteur d'alimentation une pression proche de la pression d'alimentation de consigne.The invention relates to the regulation and servocontrol of the pressurized gas supply of the gas-powered energy generator of a liquefied gas transport vessel, this unit possibly comprising, for example, one or more diesel groups or one or more several gas turbines. The operating characteristics of a gas-fed energy generator generally imply that this gas supply is carried out under a relatively low supply pressure which may be, for example, of the order of four bars. In steady state, this power supply is generally performed under the correct conditions by the existing compression devices that are capable of delivering the desired flow rate and supply pressure. These devices which include, for example, a compressor and / or a pump supplying an evaporator are generally controlled by pressure regulators located in particular at the level of the supply manifold so as to maintain in this supply manifold a pressure close to the pressure of setpoint supply.

Lorsqu'une variation de la charge appliquée au générateur d'énergie apparaît, celle-ci produit une hausse ou une baisse de la consommation de gaz qui se traduit généralement par une chute ou une augmentation de la pression d'alimentation dans le collecteur. En effet, compte tenu du volume limité du collecteur, des distances séparant les appareils du collecteur d'alimentation et du temps de réaction des appareils qui compriment le gaz, l'asservissement de la pression délivrée par les appareils de compression sur les régulateurs de pression présente une hystérésis non négligeable. Par conséquent, un certain intervalle de temps apparaît pour rétablir la pression stable d'alimentation dans le collecteur après une variation de la charge du générateur d'énergie.When a variation of the load applied to the energy generator appears, it produces a rise or a fall in the gas consumption which generally results in a fall or an increase of the supply pressure in the collector. In fact, given the limited volume of the collector, the distances separating the apparatus from the supply manifold and the reaction time of the devices that compress the gas, the slaving of the pressure delivered by the compression devices on the pressure regulators has a significant hysteresis. Therefore, a certain time interval appears to restore the stable supply pressure in the collector after a variation of the energy generator load.

Une telle variation de la charge de l'ensemble de production énergétique peut être due à une demande d'accélération ou de décélération de la vitesse du navire, à la mise en service ou l'arrêt de gros consommateurs tels que des pompes de cargaison ou autres. Durant cet intervalle, le régime du générateur d'énergie et la puissance qu'ils délivrent sont perturbés, si bien que cette transition peut provoquer l'arrêt non souhaité du générateur d'énergie par manque de pression du gaz combustible ou endommager les appareils de compression par non respect des contraintes minima ou maxima de pression acceptables.Such a variation in the load of the energy production unit may be due to a request for acceleration or deceleration of the speed of the ship, to the commissioning or stopping of large consumers such as cargo pumps or other. During this interval, the power generator speed and the power they deliver are disturbed, so that this transition can cause the undesired termination of the energy generator by lack of fuel gas pressure or damage to the compression apparatus by failure to respect acceptable minimum or maximum pressure constraints.

Dans les installations connues telles que par exemple celle décrite dans la demande de brevet français publiée FR 2 837 783 ou encore dans la demande FR0450945 , un évaporateur est alimenté par une pompe immergée en fond de cuve. Le débit de l'évaporateur est régulé par une vanne située en amont selon la pression dans la cuve et/ou selon la pression dans le collecteur d'alimentation. Ces installations sont soumises au problème du temps de réponse de l'évaporateur suite à une variation de pression dans le collecteur d'alimentation. Ce temps de réponse est dû entre autres au remplissage de l'évaporateur et aux changements de phase. Cette inertie non compressible a pour conséquence, en cas de variation de la charge de l'ensemble de production énergétique, une variation de la pression dans le collecteur d'alimentation et donc les risques mis en avant précédemment.In known installations such as for example that described in the published French patent application FR 2,837,783 or in the application FR0450945 an evaporator is fed by a submerged pump at the bottom of the tank. The flow rate of the evaporator is regulated by a valve located upstream according to the pressure in the tank and / or the pressure in the supply manifold. These installations are subject to the problem of the response time of the evaporator following a pressure variation in the supply manifold. This response time is due, among other things, to the filling of the evaporator and the phase changes. This non-compressible inertia has the consequence, in case of variation of the load of the entire energy production, a variation of the pressure in the supply manifold and therefore the risks put forward previously.

Ce problème n'a à ce jour pas été mis en avant et n'a fait l'objet d'aucune étude antérieure.This problem has not been highlighted so far and has not been the subject of any previous study.

Le but de l'invention est donc de pallier l'inertie de l'évaporation forcée.The object of the invention is therefore to overcome the inertia of forced evaporation.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une installation pour la fourniture de combustible gazeux à un ensemble de production énergétique d'un navire de transport de gaz liquéfié, à partir du contenu d'au moins une cuve dudit navire, comprenant au moins un compresseur dont l'entrée aspire du gaz en phase vapeur dans ladite cuve, la sortie du compresseur débitant dans un collecteur d'alimentation dudit ensemble de production énergétique, comprenant en outre une pompe immergée au fond de la cuve et reliée à l'entrée d'un évaporateur, la sortie de l'évaporateur étant reliée audit collecteur d'alimentation dudit ensemble de production énergétique via une conduite d'alimentation, caractérisée en ce que la pompe est adaptée à alimenter l'évaporateur en gaz liquéfié à une pression supérieure à la pression d'alimentation dudit ensemble, et en ce que ladite conduite d'alimentation est équipée de moyens de régulation du débit du gaz fourni audit collecteur d'alimentation.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is an installation for supplying gaseous fuel to an energy production assembly of a liquefied gas transport vessel, from the contents of at least one vessel of said vessel, comprising at least a compressor whose inlet sucks gas in the vapor phase into said tank, the output of the compressor discharging into a supply manifold of said energy production assembly, further comprising a pump immersed at the bottom of the tank and connected to the inlet an evaporator, the outlet of the evaporator being connected to said supply manifold of said energy production assembly via a supply line, characterized in that the pump is adapted to supply the evaporator with liquefied gas at a higher pressure at the supply pressure of said assembly, and in that said supply line is equipped with means for regulating the flow rate of the gas supplied to said feed collector ntation.

Ces moyens de régulation sont destinés à décharger progressivement le gaz à la pression d'alimentation dans le collecteur pour en réguler et en stabiliser la pression, en cas variation de la charge de l'ensemble de production énergétique tendant à faire varier temporairement la pression d'alimentation.These regulation means are intended to progressively discharge the gas at the feed pressure into the manifold to regulate and stabilize the pressure, in case of variation of the load of the energy production assembly tending to temporarily vary the pressure of the feed. 'food.

De cette manière, les conditions d'alimentation de l'ensemble de production énergétique sont optimales, y compris durant les phases transitoires de variation de la charge.In this way, the power supply conditions of the power generation assembly are optimal, even during the transient phases of charge variation.

Avantageusement, les moyens de régulation du débit du gaz fourni au collecteur d'alimentation sont reliés à des moyens de mesure de pression dans ledit collecteur.Advantageously, the flow control means of the gas supplied to the supply manifold are connected to means for measuring pressure in said manifold.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, un réservoir tampon est situé en amont des moyens de régulation de débit. De cette manière, il est possible d'avoir en permanence une réserve de gaz à une pression supérieure à la pression d'alimentation de l'ensemble de production énergétique pour pallier toute variation de pression dans ledit collecteur. Cette solution de réservoir tampon permet d'augmenter le volume de réserve de gaz en surpression si le volume de la conduite ne permet pas d'assurer un volume de sécurité suffisant du fait de sa longueur et/ou de son diamètre.According to an advantageous embodiment, a buffer tank is located upstream of the flow control means. In this way, it is possible to permanently have a reserve of gas at a pressure greater than the supply pressure of the energy production assembly to overcome any pressure variation in said manifold. This buffer tank solution makes it possible to increase the volume of excess gas reserve if the volume of the pipe does not provide a sufficient safety volume because of its length and / or its diameter.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation avantageux, un dispositif de refroidissement est situé sur la conduite en sortie de l'évaporateur, et des moyens de régulation de pression du gaz en sortie de l'évaporateur sont situés en amont de l'évaporateur. Le dispositif de refroidissement permet ainsi de diminuer la température du gaz en sortie de l'évaporateur, et les moyens de régulation de pression permettent de maintenir une pression en sortie de l'évaporateur inférieure à la pression en sortie de pompe pour assurer le fonctionnement du dispositif de refroidissement tout en maintenant en amont des moyens de régulation de débit une pression de gaz supérieure à la pression dans le collecteur d'alimentation.According to another advantageous embodiment, a cooling device is located on the outlet pipe of the evaporator, and gas pressure regulating means at the outlet of the evaporator are located upstream of the evaporator. The cooling device thus makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the gas leaving the evaporator, and the pressure regulating means make it possible to maintain a pressure at the outlet of the evaporator lower than the pressure at the pump outlet to ensure the operation of the cooling device while maintaining upstream of the flow control means a gas pressure greater than the pressure in the supply manifold.

Avantageusement, les moyens de régulation de pression sont reliés à des moyens de mesure de pression en aval du dispositif de refroidissement.Advantageously, the pressure regulating means are connected to means for measuring pressure downstream of the cooling device.

Le dispositif de refroidissement peut en outre comprendre un dispositif d'évaporation de gaz liquéfié issu d'au moins une cuve et activé par la température mesurée dans la conduite en sortie du dispositif de refroidissement.The cooling device may further comprise a device for evaporation of liquefied gas from at least one tank and activated by the temperature measured in the pipe at the outlet of the cooling device.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, les moyens de régulation du débit du gaz fourni au collecteur d'alimentation sont également reliés à des moyens de mesures des débits gazeux produits par le compresseur et l'évaporateur et consommés par l'ensemble de production énergétique et par un dispositif d'oxydation du gaz, appelé parfois incinérateur ou « oxidizer » en anglais. Cette réalisation permet en calculant la différence du débit de gaz entre la production et la consommation de réguler la pression en sortie de l'évaporateur et ainsi d'augmenter la stabilité et la réactivité de l'installation.According to an advantageous embodiment, the means for regulating the gas flow rate supplied to the supply manifold are also connected to means for measuring the gas flows produced by the compressor and the evaporator and consumed by the energy production unit and by a gas oxidation device, sometimes called incinerator or "oxidizer" in English. This realization makes it possible to calculate the difference of the gas flow between the production and consumption to regulate the pressure at the outlet of the evaporator and thus increase the stability and responsiveness of the installation.

L'invention sera maintenant décrite plus en détail, et en référence aux dessins annexés qui en illustrent des formes de réalisation à titre d'exemples non limitatif.The invention will now be described in more detail and with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate embodiments thereof as non-limiting examples.

La figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention ;Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the invention;

La figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'un second mode de réalisation de l'invention.Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the invention.

En se référant aux figures 1 et 2, les éléments dédiés à la production d'énergie sur un méthanier sont représentés schématiquement et comprennent ici un ensemble 1 pour produire de l'énergie électrique et/ou thermique. Cet ensemble 1 peut comporter des moteurs diesels entraînant des alternateurs pour la production d'énergie électrique pour les installations électriques du navire et sa propulsion, mais pourrait alternativement comporter un ensemble classique comportant une chaudière de production de vapeur alimentant une turbine à vapeur pour l'entraînement de l'hélice.Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the elements dedicated to the production of energy on a LNG carrier are shown schematically and here comprise an assembly 1 for producing electrical energy and / or heat. This set 1 may comprise diesel engines driving alternators for the production of electrical energy for the electrical installations of the ship and its propulsion, but could alternatively comprise a conventional assembly comprising a boiler for producing steam supplying a steam turbine for the propeller drive.

Comme communément adopté sur les méthaniers, l'ensemble de production énergétique 1 est alimenté par du gaz qui est prélevé dans une ou plusieurs cuves 2 du méthanier. Le gaz d'alimentation est le plus souvent du méthane qui est directement prélevé des cuves en étant mis sous une pression d'alimentation de quelques bars.As commonly adopted on LNG carriers, the energy production unit 1 is fed with gas that is taken from one or more tanks 2 of the LNG carrier. The feed gas is most often methane which is directly taken from the tanks under a supply pressure of a few bars.

Ce gaz d'alimentation est prélevé parallèlement de deux manières. D'une part du gaz en phase vapeur 4 est prélevé dans la cuve 2, au-dessus de la surface du méthane liquide 5, pour être comprimé dans un compresseur 6 qui est entraîné par un moteur électrique non représenté. Ce gaz est ensuite injecté dans un collecteur d'alimentation 7 à la pression désirée pour alimenter l'ensemble 1 de production énergétique. D'autre part, une pompe 8 immergée en fond de cuve 2 et alimentée électriquement prélève du méthane liquide 3 qui est conduit dans un évaporateur 9. En sortie de l'évaporateur 9, le méthane est sous forme gazeuse pour alimenter également le collecteur d'alimentation 7 de l'ensemble 1 de production énergétique par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite d'alimentation 10.This feed gas is taken in parallel in two ways. On the one hand, the gas in the vapor phase 4 is taken from the tank 2, above the surface of the liquid methane 5, to be compressed in a compressor 6 which is driven by a not shown electric motor. This gas is then injected into a supply manifold 7 at the desired pressure to feed the assembly 1 of energy production. On the other hand, a pump 8 immersed at the bottom of the tank 2 and electrically powered takes liquid methane 3 which is conducted in an evaporator 9. At the outlet of the evaporator 9, the methane is in gaseous form to also feed the collector. supply 7 of the assembly 1 of energy production via a supply line 10.

Une conduite d'évacuation de surpression est raccordée au collecteur d'alimentation 7, en aval du raccordement de la conduite 10 à ce collecteur d'alimentation, et aboutit à un dispositif d'oxydation 11 du gaz. Une telle surpression peut par exemple survenir suite à une baisse brutale de la charge de l'ensemble 1, conduisant à une baisse subite de sa consommation de gaz.An overpressure evacuation pipe is connected to the supply manifold 7, downstream of the connection of the pipe 10 to this supply manifold, and leads to an oxidation device 11 of the gas. Such a For example, overpressure can occur following a sudden decrease in the load of the unit 1, leading to a sudden drop in its gas consumption.

Selon le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 1, une vanne de régulation 12 de débit de gaz est placée en sortie de la conduite 10 et en amont du collecteur d'alimentation 7 de l'ensemble 1 de manière à pallier une variation de pression d'alimentation dans ce collecteur d'alimentation. Cette vanne 12 peut être asservie notamment par un régulateur de pression 13 relié au collecteur d'alimentation et plus généralement être pilotée par un automate de régulation.According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a gas flow control valve 12 is placed at the outlet of the pipe 10 and upstream of the supply manifold 7 of the assembly 1 so as to overcome a pressure variation. in this power collector. This valve 12 may be slaved in particular by a pressure regulator 13 connected to the supply manifold and more generally be controlled by a control automaton.

La pompe 8 alimente en gaz liquéfié l'évaporateur 9 à une pression supérieure à la pression d'alimentation de l'ensemble de production énergétique 1. De ce fait, le gaz en phase vapeur à la sortie de l'évaporateur 9est délivré à une pression supérieure à la pression d'alimentation établie dans le collecteur d'alimentation 7, et ce qui crée dans la conduite 10 une réserve de gaz à haute pression pouvant alimenter ce collecteur d'alimentation selon le besoin de l'ensemble 1 via la vanne de régulation 12. En effet, lorsque la charge de l'ensemble 1 varie, la vanne 12 qui relie la conduite 10 au collecteur d'alimentation 7 adapte son ouverture pour décharger dans le collecteur une partie du gaz en réserve dans la conduite 10, à la pression d'alimentation requise au niveau du collecteur. Ceci permet de compenser par exemple une chute de pression d'alimentation dans le collecteur due à une augmentation de charge de l'ensemble 1, afin de maintenir la pression d'alimentation à sa valeur de consigne.The pump 8 supplies the evaporator 9 with liquefied gas at a pressure greater than the supply pressure of the energy production assembly 1. As a result, the gas in the vapor phase at the outlet of the evaporator 9 is delivered to an pressure higher than the supply pressure established in the supply manifold 7, and which creates in the pipe 10 a reserve of high-pressure gas that can supply this supply manifold as required for the assembly 1 via the valve 12. When the load of the assembly 1 varies, the valve 12 which connects the pipe 10 to the supply manifold 7 adapts its opening to discharge into the manifold a part of the reserve gas in the pipe 10, at the required supply pressure at the manifold. This makes it possible, for example, to compensate for a supply pressure drop in the collector due to a load increase of the assembly 1, in order to maintain the supply pressure at its setpoint.

Selon le mode de réalisation représenté sur la figure 2, un réservoir tampon 14 situé sur la conduite 10 en amont de la vanne de régulation 12 est gonflé à la pression de sortie de l'évaporateur 9, pression qui est supérieure à la pression d'alimentation de l'ensemble 1. De cette manière on assure un volume de sécurité suffisant de gaz en surpression par rapport à la pression d'alimentation, quand le volume fourni par la canalisation 10 entre la sortie de l'évaporateur 9 et l'entrée de la vanne 12 n'est pas suffisant pour remplir cette fonction du fait de sa longueur et/ou de son diamètre. Ainsi avec ce volume de gaz en surpression associé à la vanne de régulation 12, on obtient une réactivité suffisamment rapide pour éviter une baisse ou une hausse substantielle de pression dans le collecteur d'alimentation 7 qui pourrait endommager le compresseur ou provoquer l'arrêt non souhaité de l'ensemble 1 de production énergétique.According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a buffer tank 14 situated on the pipe 10 upstream of the regulation valve 12 is inflated to the outlet pressure of the evaporator 9, which pressure is greater than the pressure of supply of the assembly 1. In this way it ensures a sufficient safety volume of gas at overpressure relative to the supply pressure, when the volume supplied by the pipe 10 between the outlet of the evaporator 9 and the inlet of the valve 12 is not sufficient to fulfill this function because of its length and / or its diameter. Thus, with this volume of overpressurized gas associated with the regulating valve 12, a fast enough reactivity is obtained to avoid a substantial decrease or increase in pressure in the supply manifold 7 which could damage the compressor or cause the shutdown to occur. desired from the set 1 of energy production.

Sur la figure 2 est également représenté un dispositif de refroidissement 15 comprenant un dispositif d'injection de gaz liquéfié issu d'au moins une cuve 2. Ce dispositif permet de refroidir le gaz en sortie de l'évaporateur 9 afin d'être dans une gamme de température et de pression permettant une réactivité de la vanne 12 suffisante pour maintenir la pression d'alimentation dans le collecteur à sa valeur de consigne. Pour cela ce dispositif de refroidissement 15 est activé par une mesure de la température en sortie de l'évaporateur 9, les moyens classiques de mesure n'étant pas représentés sur les figures. Pour permettre un bon fonctionnement de ce dispositif de refroidissement 15, une autre vanne de régulation 16 est situé en entrée de l'évaporateur 9 afin de réguler la pression en sortie dudit évaporateur 9 à partir de la mesure de cette pression par des moyens 17. Ceci permet d'assurer que cette pression soit inférieure à la pression de sortie de pompe 8 alimentant le dispositif de refroidissement 15 de manière à créer un appel de fluide. Cette vanne 16 a également comme consigne de régulation une pression supérieure à la pression d'alimentation du collecteur d'alimentation 7, pour que la vanne 12 puisse remplir sa fonction.FIG. 2 also shows a cooling device 15 comprising a device for injecting liquefied gas from at least one tank 2. This device makes it possible to cool the gas at the outlet of the evaporator 9 so as to be in a temperature and pressure range allowing a reactivity of the valve 12 sufficient to maintain the supply pressure in the collector at its set point. For this purpose, this cooling device 15 is activated by measuring the temperature at the outlet of the evaporator 9, the conventional measuring means not being shown in the figures. To allow a good functioning of this cooling device 15, another control valve 16 is situated at the inlet of the evaporator 9 in order to regulate the pressure at the outlet of said evaporator 9 from the measurement of this pressure by means 17. This ensures that this pressure is lower than the pump output pressure 8 supplying the cooling device 15 so as to create a fluid call. This valve 16 also has as regulation set a pressure greater than the supply pressure of the supply manifold 7, so that the valve 12 can perform its function.

Selon une dernière variante de l'invention non représentée sur les figures, la vanne 16 peut être également régulée par des moyens de mesure des débits du gaz consommé par l'ensemble 1 de production énergétique et par le dispositif d'oxydation du gaz 11 et de mesure des débits produits par le compresseur 6 et l'évaporateur 9, afin de mesurer l'écart entre les débits de gaz respectivement en production et en consommation et de réguler la vanne 16 en fonction. Cette variante permet d'apporter une stabilité supplémentaire en pression en sortie de l'évaporateur 9, par une meilleure réactivité.According to a last variant of the invention not shown in the figures, the valve 16 can also be regulated by means for measuring the flow rates of the gas consumed by the set 1 of energy production and by the gas oxidation device 11 and measuring the flow rates produced by the compressor 6 and the evaporator 9, in order to measure the difference between the gas flow rates respectively in production and consumption and to regulate the valve 16 in function. This variant makes it possible to provide additional stability in pressure at the outlet of the evaporator 9, by a better reactivity.

Claims (7)

  1. An installation for supplying gaseous fuel to an energy production unit (1) of a liquefied gas transport ship from the content of at least one cargo tank (2) of said ship, the installation comprising at least one compressor (6) having an inlet that sucks in gas in the vapor phase from said tank (2), the outlet from the compressor (6) delivering to a feed manifold (7) of said energy production unit (1), the installation further comprising a pump (8) immersed in the bottom of the tank (2) and connected to the inlet of an evaporator (9), the outlet from the evaporator (9) being connected to said feed manifold (7) of said energy production unit (1) via a feed pipe (10), the installation being characterized in that the pump (8) is adapted to feed the evaporator (9) with liquefied gas at a pressure higher than the feed pressure of said unit (1), and in that said feed pipe (10) is fitted with regulator means (12) for regulating the flow rate of gas supplied to said feed manifold (7).
  2. An installation according to claim 1, characterized in that said flow rate regulator means (12) are connected to means (13) for measuring the pressure in said feed manifold (7).
  3. An installation according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that a buffer tank (14) is situated upstream from said flow regulator means (12).
  4. An installation according to the preceding claims, characterized in that a cooler device (15) is situated on said feed pipe (10) at the outlet from the evaporator (9), and in that regulator means (16) for regulating the pressure of the gas at the outlet from the evaporator (9) are situated upstream from the evaporator (9).
  5. An installation according to claim 4, characterized in that said pressure regulator means (16) are connected to means (17) for measuring the pressure in said feed pipe (10) downstream from the cooler device (15).
  6. An installation according to claim 4 or claim 5, characterized in that the cooler device (15) comprises an evaporator device for evaporating liquefied gas coming from at least one cargo tank (2), said evaporator device being activated by the temperature measured in the feed pipe (10) at the outlet from the cooler device (15).
  7. An installation according to claim 5 or claim 6, characterized in that said pressure regulator means (16) are connected to means for measuring the flow rates of gas produced by the compressor (6) and the evaporator (9), and for measuring the flow rates consumed by the unit (1) and by an oxidizer device (11).
EP05111846A 2004-12-10 2005-12-08 Installation for supplying gaseous fuel to an energy producing unit of a ship for transportation of liquid gas Not-in-force EP1672269B1 (en)

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FR0452932A FR2879261B1 (en) 2004-12-10 2004-12-10 INSTALLATION FOR THE DELIVERY OF GASEOUS FUEL TO AN ENERGY PRODUCTION ASSEMBLY OF A LIQUEFIED GAS TRANSPORT VESSEL

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EP1672269A1 EP1672269A1 (en) 2006-06-21
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DE602005001546D1 (en) 2007-08-16
JP4850503B2 (en) 2012-01-11
CN100519335C (en) 2009-07-29
JP2006168719A (en) 2006-06-29
KR101167320B1 (en) 2012-07-23
DE602005001546T2 (en) 2008-03-13
EP1672269A1 (en) 2006-06-21
KR20060065535A (en) 2006-06-14
FR2879261B1 (en) 2007-04-13
FR2879261A1 (en) 2006-06-16
ES2290858T3 (en) 2008-02-16
CN1785748A (en) 2006-06-14

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