EP1582652B1 - Mosaic covering with variable thickness for building surfaces - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a prefabricated covering for application to flat construction areas according to the preamble of claim 1 and numerous embodiments and variants of the covering according to the invention.

Basically, the laying of mosaic-like coverings is known, for example, of ceramic or glass tiles of uniform thickness arranged next to one another on wall and floor surfaces. The tiles can be connected to each other to reduce the installation effort by a braided lower fabric.

Thus, the subject of a proposal of DT 25 01 174 A1 is a floor covering in the form of a finished tile board with an elastic base, are mounted on the covering elements at a distance from each other. The joints between the covering elements are filled with an elastic filling compound, so that the known floor covering can be rolled or bent to a certain extent during production and transport.

A floor covering according to G 86 08 540.9 is to consist of factory fixed ceramic tiles on an elastic, minor bumps of the substructure balancing, adhesion-promoting layer in which the tiles have a freedom of movement in the vertical direction. With the known floor covering so a cracked, provided with slight bumps ground, for example, be covered in the renovation of old buildings.

Described in the EP 1 275 480 A2 the production of a box-shaped, downwardly open structure, in which on a rectangular frame, the 4 sides downwards are each made flat, upwards irregularly, a cover plate is pressed and glued to the frame sides. As a result of pressing the originally flat lens to the irregular frame sides, the lens gets a deliberately warped and distorted, irregular in space form. However, suggestions regarding a height-modeled construction surface in the form of a moderate slope / slope or upstand can not be found in the document.

With the known coverings, however, no cover can be formed on the wall and floor surfaces provided by the building, the surface of which is spatially detached from the wall and floor surface to be covered. If so desired, a modeling of the area between the covering and wall or floor surface must be made, for example by the production of a sloping screed, which arises directly at the place of its installation. For its construction suggests, for example, the NL101 74 47 C2 the use of metal angles and with them to be connected guide rails. A disadvantage of such known coverings is the time-consuming modeling of a substrate for the tiles to be laid on it in an upstream operation and the subsequent time-consuming tile laying work.

As an alternative to the sloping screed, the laying of prefabricated three-dimensional components, for example of extruded polystyrene foam, onto the substrate is also known. A raised by means of integrated foot elements at least along an end edge tile for designing a höhenmodellierten surface in the form of a raised edge, for example for showers or generally for wet rooms of hospitals. Sanatoriums, rehabilitation centers and retirement homes is from DE200 06 667 U1 known. For the design of entire drainage or drainage surfaces beats the G 86 17 311.1 a bottom plate set with plates of different thicknesses, each plate having the trainee slope at one edge and a maximum at the opposite edge has a smallest thickness and wherein the smallest thickness of a thicker plate is approximately equal to the largest thickness of the next thinner plate.

Subject of the WO 03/018934 A1 are tile base modules, of which several can be positively connected to each other, for example by means of interlocking tongue and groove elements, should be created without expertise any modelable background for a tile surface. This substrate can then be covered with conventional stone or ceramic tiles. Such a known prior art has the great disadvantage of long-term laying work, since first the tile modules and then in a second step, the tiles must be laid.

With the NL1016168 a roof construction of a certain number of prefabricated (plastic) blocks is proposed, each having a different thickness on two opposite sides and thus form a slope, with the proviso that the largest thickness of a block corresponds to the lowest height of the next block , If a large number of such blocks next to each other, a sloping roof is formed; If a certain height has been reached, a further row of blocks is fed to continue the sloping roof. In the same way, the DE68 17 311 U1 a floor covering with slope, identical in construction to the proposal for a roof construction according to the NL1016168 is.

The two ideas extend the possible uses of the previously acknowledged WO03 / 018934 A1 , but have the disadvantage of long-lasting because of double laying work.

One of the objects of the present invention is, inter alia, the overcoming of precisely those known disadvantages of the prior art.

The well-known tiles with a raised surface guarantee basically convincing results when laid by sanitary and / or tile specialist companies. A disadvantage of the known tiles or tile sets is the great time required for laying and the need for installation by experienced professionals, which makes the creation of such a verfliesten area very expensive.

Finally, a completely isolated state of the art to be appreciated beats the GB1196205 before: here, a prefabricated flooring with a cavity lining should be provided. However, such a floor covering has nothing in common with its own proposal and is only listed to complete the prior art including possible alternatives to their own proposal.

In contrast to the tiles with a raised surface, the DE 103 23 916 A1 a floor or wall covering with mosaic and / or grid-like arranged or can be applied to one another lining parts in the form of plates or blocks, which have undercut grooves on its underside. If two such lining parts are laid next to each other, a pair is formed on the underside directly next to each other positioned grooves. Floor or wall plugs with corresponding to the profile of a pair of grooves cross-section form-fitting capture the two side by side laid covering parts and hold them together according to the proposal. By these dowels look a bit out of the receiving soil or the receiving wall, there is to be laid covering of elevated covering parts, under which, for example, electrical cables can be laid. However, at no point in the text is a suggestion or even an indication of the design of height-modeled surfaces to be taken.

The aim of the invention is therefore to provide a mosaic building surface covering for covering planar components, which is to be laid with the least possible labor and material costs and ensures a surface that is spatially detached from the expansion of the surface of the components to be covered.

• ■ der Belag Mittel zur freien Ausbildung seiner Dicke an verschiedenen Punkten seiner Oberfläche als Teil der Einzelelemente umfasst,
• ■ die Einzelelemente eine zur Baufläche orientierte Basisschicht und eine der Basisschicht gegenüberliegende Nutzschicht umfassen und
• ■ mindestens eine der beiden Schichten aus Nutzschicht und Basisschicht aus gegossenem Material besteht.

The invention solves the problem with the features of claim 1 and provides a prefabricated covering with mosaic-like juxtaposed individual elements as well as with components for connecting a plurality of individual elements in a planar form, which is suitable for application to flat construction surfaces, said

• ■ the covering comprises means for freely forming its thickness at various points of its surface as part of the individual elements,
• The individual elements comprise a base layer oriented toward the construction surface and a wear layer lying opposite the base layer, and
• ■ at least one of the two layers of wear layer and base layer of cast material.

The inventive design of the covering, it is possible to ensure a spatially free design of the covering surface regardless of the surface design of the construction areas on which the coating is applied. In the experiments preceding this document, it proved to be an interesting and preferred way to form the covering surface according to all proposed embodiments of the invention as a shower tray or tub, upstand, gutter or gutter, bead or generally as a water guide, the building surface to which the covering in the form of a coherent structure as a thermoplastic and preferably water-impermeable workpiece, woven or non-woven fleece, mesh, grid or applied as a film is largely flat. Taking into account the later intended use, it is possible to mold desired surfaces of the covering according to the invention with one or more individual elements, such as soap dishes, seats, anti-slip grooved or grooved structures.

In the proposed building surface covering preferred individual elements in any, among themselves also varying dimensions and in one or more basic forms, such as square, rectangular, diamond, circular or semicircular, three or polygonal provided. It is also conceivable that the individual individual elements are designed in different colors, in order to represent any mosaic pattern also image-shaping.

In order to prevent displacement of the covering final individual elements relative to the construction area, it is expedient to apply the coating with an adhesive layer on the largely flat construction area.

Usually, it is desired to make the surface of the proposed building surface covering largely sealed. For this reason, one embodiment provides for grouting the spaces between the individual elements with a suitable grout material. In this case, materials from mortar mixtures or thermoplastic preferably water-impermeable polymer approaches are used. Alternatively, it is proposed that the individual elements are placed without joints to form a closed covering of the construction area. It is expedient if the individual elements have interlocking tongue and groove components. On the one hand, then the individual elements are positively connected to each other, which makes, for example, the committing of these individual elements safer, on the other hand it is possible depending on the material of the individual elements to form a watertight covering of seamlessly juxtaposed individual elements.

The individual elements are preferably in the form of tiles, tiles or slabs of casting material, natural stone, ceramic, glass, clay or wood.

According to the invention, the means for free formation of the lining thickness are formed at different points of the lining surface as part of the individual elements, which means that the individual elements are of different thickness at different points of the lining. In this case, the individual elements in the form of a mosaic or tiles preferably made of a cast material.

According to the invention, the individual elements comprise a base layer oriented to the construction surface and a wear layer opposite the base layer. In this case, the wear layer may have a substantially uniform thickness, while the base layer of different individual elements at different points of the lining is different thickness. Here, it is also possible that the base layer is not formed over the entire surface, but only partially present in the form of feet, which are then arranged in particular below the corners of the individual elements.

The individual elements do not necessarily have to be made of a homogeneous material. Thus, it is preferred if the wear layer is made of a different material than the base layer Thus, a material is particularly suitable for the wear layer that ensures an abrasion resistant surface, while offering for the base layer, a heat-insulating and / or sound insulation material.

• eines oder mehrere Füllstoffe, ausgewählt aus der Liste, umfassend: Steinbruch, Steinmehl, Ton, Kaolin und ganz besonders bevorzugt wegen seiner Brand dämmenden Wirkung Trialuminiumhydrat,
• eines oder mehrerer Vertreter aus den folgenden Bindemitteln:
  • ■ hydraulische Bindemittel, wie z.B. Zement oder Gips,
  • ■ Reaktionsharzbindemittel, wie z.B. Epoxyd-, Polyurethan-, Acrylat-, Polyester-, Phenolharz.

The individual elements in their entirety or the respective wear layer and / or base layer of the individual elements preferably contain

• one or more fillers selected from the list comprising: quarry, stone dust, clay, kaolin, and most preferably, because of its fire-retarding effect, tri-aluminum hydrate,
• one or more representatives of the following binders:
  • ■ hydraulic binders, such as cement or gypsum,
  • ■ Reaction resin binders, such as epoxy, polyurethane, acrylate, polyester, phenolic resin.

If the base layer and the base layer consist of different materials, for example the wear layer of natural stone or, in particular, abrasion-resistant casting material and the base layer of heat-insulating casting material, it is particularly preferred if the one layer is cast on the other layer, so that the different layers of the individual elements are permanently connected to each other.

• Gitter beispielsweise aus nicht rostendem Metall,
• Netze wie beispielsweise Geflechte aus Fiberglas,
• flexibles Gewebe,
• nicht gewebter Vliesstoff oder
• elastische Folien

zum Einsatz. Die so ausgebildeten Komponenten können an der Rückseite der Einzelelemente vorgesehen sein, so dass diese Komponenten mit der Baufläche im direkten Kontakt sind oder auf die Baufläche mittels einer Kleberschicht aufgebracht sind. Sofern die Einzelelemente aus gegossenem Material bestehen, ist es zweckmäßig, in eine Gießform für viele Einzelelemente das gießfähig aufbereitete Material für die Einzelelemente zu geben und auf den Flüssigkeitsspiegel des noch nicht getrockneten Materials für die Einzelelemente die Komponenten zur Verbindung einer Mehrzahl der Einzelelemente aufzulegen und ggf. leicht einzudrücken. Auf diese Weise werden die Verbindungskomponenten und die Einzelelemente unlösbar verbunden.The covering according to the invention is in the form of mats which are to be applied in a floating manner - ie without gluing - or with an adhesive layer on the largely flat building surface. To form these mats, a plurality of the individual elements is connected by the components lying in flat form next to each other. According to the first embodiment of the covering according to the invention, these components are formed by the compensating layer, which is cast on the individual elements according to a special and already mentioned embodiment. In the second embodiment variant of the covering according to the invention, preference is given as components for connecting a plurality of the individual elements

• Lattice of stainless steel, for example,
• Nets such as fiberglass braids,
• flexible fabric,
• nonwoven nonwoven or
• elastic films

for use. The components formed in this way can be provided on the rear side of the individual elements, so that these components are in direct contact with the construction surface or are applied to the construction surface by means of an adhesive layer. If the individual elements are made of cast material, it is expedient to give in a mold for many individual elements pourable prepared material for the individual elements and to hang on the liquid level of the not yet dried material for the individual elements, the components for connecting a plurality of individual elements and, if necessary Easy to push in. In this way, the connection components and the individual elements are permanently connected.

It is equally possible to embed the components in the cross section of the individual elements, for which purpose, for example, in a casting mold, a first layer of pourable prepared material for the individual elements is given. On the liquid level of the not yet dried material, the components are placed to connect a plurality of the individual elements and optionally slightly pressed.
Then, the addition of pourable prepared material for a second layer of the individual elements takes place. The material for the first and the second layer may be different to form a useful and a base layer, where appropriate, with different material properties, between which the connection components are embedded inextricably. Alternatively, the components may also be at least partially attached to the side surfaces of the individual elements, which is particularly preferred for individual elements made of natural stone, ceramic, glass or clay as well as individual elements with useful and base layer. It is also conceivable that the connection of the individual elements with components according to two methods proposed here.

With the building surfaces according to the invention in the numerous proposed embodiments and variants a mat-like aufzulegender mosaic construction surface covering to cover largely planar components is provided, which is to be laid with the least possible labor and material costs and ensures a surface that is spatially detached from the extent of Surface of the components to be covered.

With the following figures of examples according to the invention, the invention will be further illustrated. All figures show vertical sections through coverings according to claimed embodiments and variants:

FIG. 1 shows each of the wear layer (1.1) and base layer (1.2) existing individual elements (1), of which several are connected by components (2), for example in the form of a continuous network or grid. The connecting net or grid is embedded in the respective cross-section of the individual elements (1) between the useful and base layers (1.1, 1.2) consisting, for example, of variously cast materials. While the useful layers (1.1) of the various individual elements (1) are of constant thickness, the base layers (1.2) of the various individual elements (1) are of different heights such that the coating applied to a horizontal building surface (3) by means of a Individual elements (1) over the full height of the base layers (1.2) embedding adhesive layer (5), outwardly represents an inclined plane in the form of a ramp. Between the individual elements (1) is given over the height of their respective wear layer (1.1) a suitable joint material (4).

In FIG. 2 form differently highly trained, here homogeneously cast individual elements (1) an inclined transition ramp. The individual elements (1) are held together in a mat-like manner on their underside by components (2), for example in the form of a continuous non-woven fabric, before installation. After installation, they are connected by an adhesive layer (5) with the horizontal building surface (3). Between the individual elements (1) is given their respective height suitable joint material (4). This variant represents an alternative to the claimed invention.

The various individual elements (1) It. FIG. 3 each consist of a wear layer (1.1) of constant thickness, for example made of natural stone or ceramic, and of a base layer (1.2), which is formed differently high in different individual elements (1) such that the coating applied to a flat construction surface (3) , Outwardly represents a shaped surface, for example in the form of a drain funnel. The base layers (1.2) of the individual elements (1) may in particular consist of a pourable processable material which is cast in the production of the natural stone or Kermaikplatten the wear layer (1.1). The individual elements (1) are held together in a mat-like manner on their underside by components (2), for example in the form of a continuous film, before installation. After installation, they are connected by an adhesive layer (5) with the horizontal building surface (3). Between the individual elements (1) is given their respective height suitable joint material (4).

1. (1) Einzelelement
   • (1.1) Nutzschicht der Einzelelemente
   • (1.2) Basisschicht der Einzelelemente
2. (2) Komponenten zur Verbindung einer Mehrzahl der Einzelelemente
3. (3) Baufläche
4. (4) Fugenmaterial
5. (5) Kleberschicht

In FIG. 4 Again, the various individual elements (1) are each formed of cast wear layer (1.1) and cast base layer (1.2), between which components (2) are embedded as an upper continuous layer, for example in the form of reticulated plastic fibers. While the useful layers (1.1) of the various individual elements (1) all have a constant thickness, the base layers (1.2) of the various individual elements (1) are of different heights such that the coating, applied to a horizontal building surface (3), after on the outside represents an inclined plane in the form of a ramp. The individual elements (1) are held together in a mat-like manner at the bottom side of their respective base layer (1.2) by components (2) as a lower continuous layer, for example in the form of a thermoplastic film prior to their installation. After installation, they are connected by an adhesive layer (5) with the horizontal building surface (3). Between the individual elements (1) is about their respective full height suitable joint material (4) given, which can be worked through for this purpose by the upper continuous layer reticulated plastic fibers.
List of Terms:

1. (1) single element
   • (1.1) Wear layer of the individual elements
   • (1.2) Base layer of the individual elements
2. (2) components for connecting a plurality of the individual elements
3. (3) Construction area
4. (4) Joint material
5. (5) adhesive layer

Claims (16)

1. Prefabricated covering, suitable for application to flat building surfaces (3), having

   - individual elements (1) positioned mosaic-like one next to the other and

   - components (2) for joining a plurality of the individual elements (1) in planar form,

   characterized in that

   • the covering comprises, as part of the individual elements (1), means (1.2) for freely shaping its thickness at various points on its surface, wherein

   • the individual elements (1) comprise a base layer (1.2) oriented with the building surface (3) and a wear layer (1.1) located opposite the base layer (1.2) and

   • at least one of the two layers consisting of wear layer (1.1) and base layer (1.2) consists of cast material.
2. Covering according to patent claim 1, characterized in that the covering is applicable to the building surface (3) with an adhesive layer (5).
3. Covering according to either one of patent claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the individual elements (1) are tiles or slabs.
4. Covering according to patent claim 3, characterized in that the tiles or slabs comprise a material selected from the list comprising: casting material, natural stone, ceramics, glass and clay.
5. Covering according to patent claim 1, characterized in that the wear layer (1.1) and the base layer (1.2) consist of different materials.
6. Covering according to any one of patent claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cast material for the individual elements (1), i.e. for the wear layer (1.1) and/or base layer (1.2), contains one or more binders selected from the list comprising:

   - hydraulic binders, such as, for example, cement or gypsum,

   - reactive resin binders, such as, for example, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, acrylate resin, polyester resin, phenol resin.
7. Covering according to any one of patent claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the individual elements (1) comprise or consist of constituents selected from the list comprising:

   - as desired, one or more binders,

   - as desired, one or more fillers and additives,

   - as desired, one or more of the following constituents: fibres, non-woven fabric, woven fabric.
8. Covering according to any one of patent claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the base layer (1.2) includes feet which are arranged beneath the corners of the individual elements (1).
9. Covering according to any one of patent claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the components (2) for joining a plurality of individual elements (1) are constructed in a form selected from the list comprising: grids, nets, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, films.
10. Covering according to patent claim 9, characterized in that the components (2) for joining a plurality of individual elements (1) are arranged on the rear side of the individual elements (1).
11. Covering according to either one of patent claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the components (2) for joining a plurality of individual elements (1) are attached at least partly to the side faces of the individual elements (1).
12. Covering according to either one of patent claims 9 and 10, characterized in that the components (2) for joining a plurality of individual elements (1) are embedded in the cross-section of the individual elements (1).
13. Covering according to any one of patent claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a suitable jointing material is introduced between the individual elements (1).
14. Covering according to any one of patent claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the individual elements (1) have a surface structure for forming shaped components, such as soap dishes, seats, or grooves for slip resistance.
15. Covering according to any one of patent claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the individual elements (1) have one or more basic shapes in one or more sizes.
16. Covering according to any one of patent claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the covering is in the form of a shower tray, upstand, outlet channel or an outlet funnel.

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