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EP1516392A1 - Circularly polarized wire antenna - Google Patents

Circularly polarized wire antenna

Info

Publication number
EP1516392A1
EP1516392A1 EP03760761A EP03760761A EP1516392A1 EP 1516392 A1 EP1516392 A1 EP 1516392A1 EP 03760761 A EP03760761 A EP 03760761A EP 03760761 A EP03760761 A EP 03760761A EP 1516392 A1 EP1516392 A1 EP 1516392A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strands
antenna
antenna according
strand
segment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03760761A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1516392B1 (en
Inventor
Marc Le Goff
Luc Duchesne
Jean-Marc Baracco
Patrick Dumon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
Societe d'Applications Technologiques de l'Imagerie Micro Onde SATIMO SA
Original Assignee
Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
Societe d'Applications Technologiques de l'Imagerie Micro Onde SATIMO SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES, Societe d'Applications Technologiques de l'Imagerie Micro Onde SATIMO SA filed Critical Centre National dEtudes Spatiales CNES
Publication of EP1516392A1 publication Critical patent/EP1516392A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1516392B1 publication Critical patent/EP1516392B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element
    • H01Q9/36—Vertical arrangement of element with top loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/44—Resonant antennas with a plurality of divergent straight elements, e.g. V-dipole, X-antenna; with a plurality of elements having mutually inclined substantially straight portions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/44—Resonant antennas with a plurality of divergent straight elements, e.g. V-dipole, X-antenna; with a plurality of elements having mutually inclined substantially straight portions
    • H01Q9/46—Resonant antennas with a plurality of divergent straight elements, e.g. V-dipole, X-antenna; with a plurality of elements having mutually inclined substantially straight portions with rigid elements diverging from single point

Definitions

  • the invention relates to antennas with circular polarization, and more precisely antennas having a radiation pattern of revolution around an axis and having a maximum of radiation in the plane perpendicular to the direction of this axis.
  • the invention relates more specifically to antennas in patch technology.
  • the plated or printed antennas include all of the aerials produced using a technology consisting in placing a thin metallic conductor above a ground plane.
  • This metallic conducting wire constitutes the radiating element of the antenna and is of reduced dimensions and can be of arbitrary shape. In practice, it is often of simple geometry such as a square, a rectangle, a disc or a ring.
  • This type of antenna has the advantages of microstrip lines: low mass and reduced bulk, planar structures that can be shaped, possibility of mass production, thus allowing low-cost production.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the existing antennas and to propose an antenna which is simple to produce, and of reduced size, while providing a natural circular polarization which is particularly sharp.
  • an antenna made of plated technology including a series of strands located substantially in the same main plane, each of the strands being fed by the same conductive wire, characterized in that each of these strands describes an initial segment which is radial with respect to a geometric axis perpendicular to the main plane, then each of the strands is extended according to a arc of a circle centered on this geometric axis, then again describes a substantially radial segment, directed in the direction of the geometric axis, thus skirting a radial segment of the neighboring strand without touching it.
  • the antenna consists of three main elements, namely a rigid and rectilinear supply wire 100, a set 200 of four radiating strands, and a ground plane 300.
  • the four strands, referenced 210, 220, 230 and 240 are located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wire 100, and the ground plane 300 is placed parallel to the main plane of the strands.
  • the general shape delimited by the strands as well as the ground plane 300 are both geometrically centered on the supply wire 100.
  • the wire 100 therefore defines here a main axis of symmetry X of the antenna.
  • Each strand 210, 220, 230, 240 is electrically connected to the wire 100. From the supply wire 100 of each strand has a shape similar to that of the strand 210, which will now be described.
  • the strand 210 first describes an initial segment 210 which is here strictly radial and which ends at a distance from the axis X by a bend 213, bend 213 which then initiates the part in an arc of a circle 214 of the strand considered 100.
  • This part or segment in an arc 214 describes here an angle of 90 ° around the axis, to end again by a bend 215 at a right angle. This second bend 215 then initiates a terminal segment 216 of the strand considered directed towards the axis of symmetry X, stopping near the axis 100 without touching it.
  • Each of the strands has the same configuration, the part in an arc turning around the axis 100 in the same direction (trigonometric or inverse trigonometric) for each strand.
  • Each strand here rotates counterclockwise relative to the X axis.
  • the set of strands defines by its outline a circular shape separated into four arcs of 90 °.
  • Each of the strands describes, by its two rectilinear segments and its segment in an arc, the outline of a quarter constituting a quarter of a disc.
  • each radial segment which is connected to the central wire is bordered by a radial segment, which itself is not connected to the wire supply 100.
  • each of these strands further describes two substantially radial segments, situated at 90 ° from one another, and each skirting a neighboring segment belonging to a neighboring strand.
  • all of the strands 210, 220, 230 and 240 form four pairs of parallel and radial segments, each segment considered to be a pair belonging to a different strand. These pairs of parallel segments are present every 90 degrees around the axis of symmetry of the antenna.
  • the supply wire 100 is here a straight wire stopping at the center of the strands, and not extending beyond the plane of the latter.
  • This supply wire 100 is formed by the central conductor of a coaxial cable.
  • the outer frame 150 of this coaxial cable stops, however, well before the internal conductor of the coaxial cable.
  • the coaxial external frame 150 is in electrical connection with the ground plane 300, which forms a conductive disc of the same diameter as the circle of the strands and parallel to the latter.
  • This solid disc 300 is located at a distance from the strands which is of the order of the diameter of the circle that these strands describe.
  • the external reinforcement of the coaxial cable connects it to a potential different from that supplying the strands.
  • the two conductors 100 and 150 of the coaxial cable are connected to the terminals of an electrical source, not shown here, which lies beyond the ground plane 300, opposite the strands.
  • the ground plane 300 is therefore between this source and the plane of the strands.
  • the power source not shown can be produced for example using a circuit in printed planar technology, a power supply according to this technology can alternatively be placed anywhere in the antenna, for example in the plane of the strands or on the ground plane 300.
  • the mechanical axis constituted by the supply wire 100 is also the axis of symmetry of the radiation diagram.
  • a maximum of radiation is emitted on the horizon, that is to say axially around the wire 100 and in the direction of the plane of the strands, while a minimum of radiation is present in the direction defined by the axis of symmetry.
  • the antenna Over a relatively wide relative frequency band (> 10%), the antenna generates a natural circular polarization. Indeed, on this frequency band, the central part of the antenna, and in particular the vertical feed wire 100 of the antenna, generates a component of the vertically polarized electromagnetic field having a maximum on the horizon.
  • the peripheral part in the form of a circle of the antenna generates a component of the horizontally polarized electromagnetic field also having a maximum on the horizon.
  • the gain obtained with this antenna is typically 2 dB for elevation angles between 0 ° and 60 °.
  • the geometry of the antenna also makes it possible to obtain a phase shift of 90 ° between these two radiated components and the same amplitude for each of them.
  • a circular polarization is therefore obtained with a maximum directed at the horizon.
  • the direction of winding of the strands fixes the main polarization.
  • the reverse trigonometric winding direction as presented here implies a right circular polarization.
  • Each strand has a length of the order of half a wavelength at the working frequency, that is to say of the order of half a wavelength at the preferred frequency for this antenna.
  • additional strands can be superimposed on the initial four strands.
  • These additional strands may or may not be electrically connected to the initial strands and may or may not be of the same size as the initial strands.
  • Operation in multifrequency mode is also possible, either by stacking several sets of strands such as that described here, preferably in parallel and superimposed planes and of different diameters, or by means of a multiplexer connected to a set coplanar strands.
  • the total thickness of the proposed antenna is small compared to the wavelength (typically of the order of 0.04 ⁇ ), which makes it compact.
  • the antenna presented here is very compact because its strands are folded.
  • the outside diameter of the circle composed of the four radiating strands is of the order of 0.25 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the preferred working wavelength for this antenna.
  • Such a small diameter allows a reduced size of the antenna with regard to the wavelength.
  • This antenna can be made of metal.
  • the mass of this antenna can, by the choice of a suitable material, be even lower.
  • the antenna is supplied by a single wire and no additional phase shift circuit is necessary for its operation, which makes it a structure that is simple to produce both electrically and mechanically.
  • This antenna and in particular all of the strands, is easily achievable in plated technology, that is to say for example by producing all the strands in the form of a printed circuit on a substrate film. More generally, the antenna according to the invention and easily produced in series production.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

Each of the strands being powered by a single conducting wire wherein each of these strands describes an initial segment which is radial relative to a geometric axis perpendicular to the main plane, each of the strands is extended along a circle arc center on this geometric axis and describes a substantially radial segment, directed in the direction of the geometric axis, thus running alongside radial segment directed in a direction of the geometric axis thus running alongside a radial segment of a neighbouring strand without touching the neighbouring strand.

Description

« Antenne à brins à polarisation circulaire » "Stranded antenna with circular polarization"

L'invention concerne les antennes à polarisation circulaire, et plus précisément les antennes présentant un diagramme de rayonnement de révolution autour d'un axe et présentant un maximum de rayonnement dans le plan perpendiculaire à la direction de cet axe.The invention relates to antennas with circular polarization, and more precisely antennas having a radiation pattern of revolution around an axis and having a maximum of radiation in the plane perpendicular to the direction of this axis.

L'invention concerne plus spécifiquement les antennes en technologie plaquée (patch).The invention relates more specifically to antennas in patch technology.

Le concept d'antenne imprimée (ou antenne "patch" ou antenne "microstrip") est apparu dès 1953 avec DESCHAMPS [1], et les premières réalisations ont été effectuées dans les années 70 par HOWELL et NUNSON [2].The concept of printed antenna (or "patch" antenna or "microstrip" antenna) appeared in 1953 with DESCHAMPS [1], and the first achievements were made in the 70s by HOWELL and NUNSON [2].

Les antennes plaquées ou imprimées regroupent l'ensemble des aériens réalisés suivant une technologie consistant à placer un fin conducteur métallique au-dessus d'un plan de masse. Ce fil conducteur métallique constitue l'élément rayonnant de l'antenne et est de dimensions réduites et peut être de forme arbitraire. Dans la pratique, il est souvent de géométrie simple telle un carré, un rectangle, un disque ou un anneau.The plated or printed antennas include all of the aerials produced using a technology consisting in placing a thin metallic conductor above a ground plane. This metallic conducting wire constitutes the radiating element of the antenna and is of reduced dimensions and can be of arbitrary shape. In practice, it is often of simple geometry such as a square, a rectangle, a disc or a ring.

Ce type d'antenne possède les avantages des lignes microrubans : faible masse et encombrement réduit, structures planaires pouvant être conformées, possibilité de fabrication en grande série autorisant ainsi une production de faible coût.This type of antenna has the advantages of microstrip lines: low mass and reduced bulk, planar structures that can be shaped, possibility of mass production, thus allowing low-cost production.

Cette technologie a donc vu de larges applications dans les domaines tels que l'aéronautique, le spatial, les télécommunications grand public (antennes de téléphones portables), ...This technology has therefore seen wide applications in fields such as aeronautics, space, consumer telecommunications (mobile phone antennas), ...

La technologie d'antennes plaquées ou "patch" est très largement diffusée au travers d'ouvrages de référence internationale: [5], [6], [7]The technology of patch antennas or "patch" is very widely disseminated through works of international reference: [5], [6], [7]

Le but de l'invention est d'améliorer les antennes existantes et de proposer une antenne qui soit simple de réalisation, et de dimension réduite, tout en fournissant une polarisation circulaire naturelle qui soit particulièrement nette.The object of the invention is to improve the existing antennas and to propose an antenna which is simple to produce, and of reduced size, while providing a natural circular polarization which is particularly sharp.

Ce but est atteint selon l'invention grâce à une antenne réalisée en technologie plaquée incluant une série de brins situés sensiblement dans un même plan principal, chacun des brins étant alimenté par un même fil conducteur, caractérisée en ce que chacun de ces brins décrit un segment initial qui est radial par rapport à un axe géométrique perpendiculaire au plan principal, puis chacun des brins se prolonge selon un arc de cercle centré sur cet axe géométrique, puis décrit à nouveau un segment sensiblement radial, dirigé en direction de l'axe géométrique, longeant ainsi un segment radial du brin voisin sans le toucher.This object is achieved according to the invention thanks to an antenna made of plated technology including a series of strands located substantially in the same main plane, each of the strands being fed by the same conductive wire, characterized in that each of these strands describes an initial segment which is radial with respect to a geometric axis perpendicular to the main plane, then each of the strands is extended according to a arc of a circle centered on this geometric axis, then again describes a substantially radial segment, directed in the direction of the geometric axis, thus skirting a radial segment of the neighboring strand without touching it.

D'autres caractéristiques, buts et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, faite en référence à la figure unique ci-jointe, représentant en perspective, sous forme d'une structure éclatée et développée en volume pour plus de clarté, une antenne selon une variante préférée de l'invention.Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the detailed description which follows, made with reference to the single attached figure, representing in perspective, in the form of an exploded structure and developed in volume. for clarity, an antenna according to a preferred variant of the invention.

Sur cette figure, l'antenne est constituée de trois éléments principaux, à savoir un fil d'alimentation rigide et rectiligne 100, un ensemble 200 de quatre brins rayonnants, et un plan de masse 300. Les quatre brins, référencés 210, 220, 230 et 240, sont situés dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe du fil 100, et le plan de masse 300 est placé parallèlement au plan principal des brins. La forme générale délimitée par les brins ainsi que le plan de masse 300 sont tous deux centrés géométriquement sur le fil d'alimentation 100.In this figure, the antenna consists of three main elements, namely a rigid and rectilinear supply wire 100, a set 200 of four radiating strands, and a ground plane 300. The four strands, referenced 210, 220, 230 and 240 are located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the wire 100, and the ground plane 300 is placed parallel to the main plane of the strands. The general shape delimited by the strands as well as the ground plane 300 are both geometrically centered on the supply wire 100.

Le fil 100 définit donc ici un axe principal de symétrie X de l'antenne. Chaque brin 210, 220, 230, 240 est électriquement relié au fil 100. A partir du fil d'alimentation 100 de chaque brin présente une forme semblable à celle du brin 210, que l'on décrira maintenant. Le brin 210 décrit d'abord un segment initial 210 qui est ici strictement radial et qui se termine à distance de l'axe X par un coude 213, coude 213 qui initie alors la partie en arc de cercle 214 du brin considéré 100.The wire 100 therefore defines here a main axis of symmetry X of the antenna. Each strand 210, 220, 230, 240 is electrically connected to the wire 100. From the supply wire 100 of each strand has a shape similar to that of the strand 210, which will now be described. The strand 210 first describes an initial segment 210 which is here strictly radial and which ends at a distance from the axis X by a bend 213, bend 213 which then initiates the part in an arc of a circle 214 of the strand considered 100.

Cette partie ou segment en arc de cercle 214 décrit ici un angle de 90° autour de l'axe, pour se terminer à nouveau par un coude 215 à angle droit. Ce second coude 215 initie alors un segment terminal 216 du brin considéré dirigé vers l'axe de symétrie X, s'arrêtant à proximité de l'axe 100 sans le toucher. Chacun des brins présente la même configuration, la partie en arc de cercle tournant autour de l'axe 100 dans un même sens (trigonométrique ou inverse trigonométrique) pour chaque brin. Chaque brin tourne ici dans le sens inverse trigonométrique par rapport à l'axe X. L'ensemble des brins définit par son contour une forme circulaire séparée en quatre arcs de 90°. Chacun des brins décrit, par ses deux segments rectilignes et son segment en arc de cercle, le contour d'un quartier constituant le quart d'un disque.This part or segment in an arc 214 describes here an angle of 90 ° around the axis, to end again by a bend 215 at a right angle. This second bend 215 then initiates a terminal segment 216 of the strand considered directed towards the axis of symmetry X, stopping near the axis 100 without touching it. Each of the strands has the same configuration, the part in an arc turning around the axis 100 in the same direction (trigonometric or inverse trigonometric) for each strand. Each strand here rotates counterclockwise relative to the X axis. The set of strands defines by its outline a circular shape separated into four arcs of 90 °. Each of the strands describes, by its two rectilinear segments and its segment in an arc, the outline of a quarter constituting a quarter of a disc.

Ces quartiers sont directement côte à côte les uns des autres et, les brins ayant tous le même sens inverse trigonométrique, chaque segment radial qui est relié au fil central est bordé par un segment radial, qui, lui, n'est pas relié au fil d'alimentation 100.These districts are directly side by side with each other and, the strands all having the same trigonometric opposite direction, each radial segment which is connected to the central wire is bordered by a radial segment, which itself is not connected to the wire supply 100.

Ainsi, non seulement l'ensemble des quatre brins 210 à 240 définit une configuration générale circulaire autour de cet axe géométrique X, mais chacun de ces brins décrit en outre deux segments sensiblement radiaux, situés à 90° l'un de l'autre, et longeant chacun un segment voisin appartenant à un brin voisin. Ainsi, l'ensemble des brins 210, 220, 230 et 240 forme quatre couples de segments parallèles et radiaux, chaque segment considéré d'un couple appartenant à un brin différent. Ces couples des segments parallèles sont présents tous les 90 degrés autour de l'axe de symétrie de l'antenne.Thus, not only does the set of four strands 210 to 240 define a general circular configuration around this geometric axis X, but each of these strands further describes two substantially radial segments, situated at 90 ° from one another, and each skirting a neighboring segment belonging to a neighboring strand. Thus, all of the strands 210, 220, 230 and 240 form four pairs of parallel and radial segments, each segment considered to be a pair belonging to a different strand. These pairs of parallel segments are present every 90 degrees around the axis of symmetry of the antenna.

Le fil d'alimentation 100 est ici un fil rectiligne s'arrêtant au centre des brins, et ne se prolongeant pas au-delà du plan de ces derniers.The supply wire 100 is here a straight wire stopping at the center of the strands, and not extending beyond the plane of the latter.

Ce fil d'alimentation 100 est constitué par le conducteur central d'un câble coaxial. L'armature extérieure 150 de ce câble coaxial s'arrête, quant à elle, bien avant le conducteur interne du câble coaxial.This supply wire 100 is formed by the central conductor of a coaxial cable. The outer frame 150 of this coaxial cable stops, however, well before the internal conductor of the coaxial cable.

L'armature externe coaxiale 150 est en liaison électrique avec le plan de masse 300, qui forme un disque conducteur de même diamètre que le cercle des brins et parallèle à ce dernier. Ce disque plein 300 se trouve à une distance des brins qui est de l'ordre du diamètre du cercle que décrivent ces brins.The coaxial external frame 150 is in electrical connection with the ground plane 300, which forms a conductive disc of the same diameter as the circle of the strands and parallel to the latter. This solid disc 300 is located at a distance from the strands which is of the order of the diameter of the circle that these strands describe.

L'armature externe du câble coaxial le relie à un potentiel différent de celui alimentant les brins. Ainsi les deux conducteurs 100 et 150 du câble coaxial sont reliés aux bornes d'une source électrique, ici non représentée, qui se trouve au- delà du plan de masse 300, à l'opposé des brins. Le plan de masse 300 se trouve donc entre cette source et le plan des brins. La source d'alimentation non représentée peut être réalisée par exemple à l'aide d'un circuit en technologie planaire imprimé, une alimentation selon cette technologie pouvant en variante être placée en tout endroit de l'antenne, par exemple dans le plan des brins ou sur le plan de masse 300. L'axe mécanique constitué par le fil d'alimentation 100 est également l'axe de symétrie du diagramme de rayonnement. Un maximum de rayonnement est émis sur l'horizon, c'est à dire axialement autour du fil 100 et dans la direction du plan des brins, tandis qu'un minimum de rayonnement est présent dans la direction définie par l'axe de symétrie. Sur une bande de fréquence relative assez large (>10%), l'antenne génère une polarisation circulaire naturelle. En effet, sur cette bande de fréquence, la partie centrale de l'antenne, et en particulier le fil vertical d'alimentation 100 de l'antenne, génère une composante du champ électromagnétique polarisée verticalement ayant un maximum à l'horizon. La partie périphérique en forme de cercle de l'antenne génère quant à elle une composante du champ électromagnétique polarisée horizontalement ayant également un maximum à l'horizon.The external reinforcement of the coaxial cable connects it to a potential different from that supplying the strands. Thus the two conductors 100 and 150 of the coaxial cable are connected to the terminals of an electrical source, not shown here, which lies beyond the ground plane 300, opposite the strands. The ground plane 300 is therefore between this source and the plane of the strands. The power source not shown can be produced for example using a circuit in printed planar technology, a power supply according to this technology can alternatively be placed anywhere in the antenna, for example in the plane of the strands or on the ground plane 300. The mechanical axis constituted by the supply wire 100 is also the axis of symmetry of the radiation diagram. A maximum of radiation is emitted on the horizon, that is to say axially around the wire 100 and in the direction of the plane of the strands, while a minimum of radiation is present in the direction defined by the axis of symmetry. Over a relatively wide relative frequency band (> 10%), the antenna generates a natural circular polarization. Indeed, on this frequency band, the central part of the antenna, and in particular the vertical feed wire 100 of the antenna, generates a component of the vertically polarized electromagnetic field having a maximum on the horizon. The peripheral part in the form of a circle of the antenna generates a component of the horizontally polarized electromagnetic field also having a maximum on the horizon.

Le gain obtenu avec cette antenne est typiquement de 2 dB pour des angles d'élévation compris entre 0° et 60°. La géométrie de l'antenne permet en outre d'obtenir un déphasage de 90° entre ces deux composantes rayonnées et une même amplitude pour chacune d'elles.The gain obtained with this antenna is typically 2 dB for elevation angles between 0 ° and 60 °. The geometry of the antenna also makes it possible to obtain a phase shift of 90 ° between these two radiated components and the same amplitude for each of them.

Une polarisation circulaire est donc obtenue avec un maximum dirigé à l'horizon. Le sens d'enroulement des brins fixe la polarisation principale. Ainsi, le sens d'enroulement inverse trigonométrique tel que présenté ici implique une polarisation circulaire droite. Chaque brin a une longueur de l'ordre d'une demi-longueur d'onde à la fréquence de travail, c'est à dire de l'ordre d'une demi-longueur d'onde à la fréquence privilégiée pour cette antenne.A circular polarization is therefore obtained with a maximum directed at the horizon. The direction of winding of the strands fixes the main polarization. Thus, the reverse trigonometric winding direction as presented here implies a right circular polarization. Each strand has a length of the order of half a wavelength at the working frequency, that is to say of the order of half a wavelength at the preferred frequency for this antenna.

Afin d'élargir la bande des fréquences de fonctionnement, des brins supplémentaires peuvent être superposés aux quatre brins initiaux. Ces brins supplémentaires peuvent être reliés électriquement ou non aux brins initiaux et peuvent être de même dimension ou non que les brins initiaux.In order to widen the operating frequency band, additional strands can be superimposed on the initial four strands. These additional strands may or may not be electrically connected to the initial strands and may or may not be of the same size as the initial strands.

Un fonctionnement en mode multifréquence est aussi possible, soit au moyen de l'empilement de plusieurs ensembles de brins tel que celui décrit ici, préférentiellement selon des plans parallèles et superposés et de diamètres différents, soit au moyen d'un multiplexeur relié à un ensemble de brins coplanaires.Operation in multifrequency mode is also possible, either by stacking several sets of strands such as that described here, preferably in parallel and superimposed planes and of different diameters, or by means of a multiplexer connected to a set coplanar strands.

L'épaisseur totale de l'antenne proposée est faible devant la longueur d'onde (typiquement de l'ordre de 0.04λ), ce qui la rend compacte. L'antenne présentée ici est très compacte car ses brins sont repliés.The total thickness of the proposed antenna is small compared to the wavelength (typically of the order of 0.04λ), which makes it compact. The antenna presented here is very compact because its strands are folded.

Le diamètre extérieur du cercle composé des quatre brins rayonnants est de l'ordre de 0.25λ, où λ est la longueur d'onde de travail privilégiée pour cette antenne.The outside diameter of the circle composed of the four radiating strands is of the order of 0.25λ, where λ is the preferred working wavelength for this antenna.

Un diamètre aussi faible permet un encombrement réduit de l'antenne au regard de la longueur d'onde.Such a small diameter allows a reduced size of the antenna with regard to the wavelength.

Les différents éléments de cette antenne peuvent être réalisés en métal.The various elements of this antenna can be made of metal.

La masse de cette antenne, déjà faible, peut, par le choix d'un matériau adapté, être encore plus faible. L'alimentation de l'antenne se fait par un fil unique et aucun circuit de déphasage additionnel n'est nécessaire à son fonctionnement ce qui en fait une structure simple à réaliser tant au niveau électrique, qu'au niveau mécanique.The mass of this antenna, already low, can, by the choice of a suitable material, be even lower. The antenna is supplied by a single wire and no additional phase shift circuit is necessary for its operation, which makes it a structure that is simple to produce both electrically and mechanically.

Cette antenne et notamment l'ensemble des brins, est facilement réalisable en technologie plaquée, c'est à dire par exemple en réalisant l'ensemble des brins sous la forme d'un circuit imprimé sur un film substrat. Plus généralement, l'antenne selon l'invention et facilement réalisée en production de série.This antenna, and in particular all of the strands, is easily achievable in plated technology, that is to say for example by producing all the strands in the form of a printed circuit on a substrate film. More generally, the antenna according to the invention and easily produced in series production.

[1] G.A. DESCHAMPS[1] G.A. DESCHAMPS

« Microstrip microwave antennas » .3 rd USAF -Symposium on Antennas -1953"Microstrip microwave antennas" .3 rd USAF -Symposium on Antennas -1953

[2] J.Q. HOWELL « Microstrip antennas »[2] J.Q. HOWELL "Microstrip antennas"

I.E.E.E. Transactions on Antennas and Propagation -Vol. AP-22 -pp. 90-93 -January 1975.I.E.E.E. Transactions on Antennas and Propagation -Vol. AP-22 -pp. 90-93 -January 1975.

[3] Howell, J.Q., "Microstrip Antennas,"[3] Howell, J.Q., "Microstrip Antennas,"

IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. Digest, 1972, pp. 177-180.IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. Digest, 1972, pp. 177-180.

[4] Munson, R.E.,[4] Munson, R.E.,

"Conformai Microstrip Antennas and Microstrip Phased Arrays," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, -Vol. AP-22, 1974, pp. 74-78."Conformai Microstrip Antennas and Microstrip Phased Arrays," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, -Vol. AP-22, 1974, pp. 74-78.

[5] JR James & PS Hall[5] JR James & PS Hall

"Handbook of MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS" 1989 [6] IJ Bahl & P. Bhartia "Microstrip Antennas" 1980"Handbook of MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS" 1989 [6] IJ Bahl & P. Bhartia "Microstrip Antennas" 1980

[7] J.R JAMES -P .S. HALL -C. WOOD « Microstrip antenna theory and design ». [7] J.R JAMES -P .S. HALL -C. WOOD "Microstrip antenna theory and design".

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1. Antenne réalisée en technologie plaquée incluant une série de brins (210, 220, 230, 240) situés sensiblement dans un même plan principal, chacun des brins étant alimenté par un même fil conducteur (100), caractérisée en ce que chacun de ces brins (210, 220, 230, 240) décrit un segment initial (312) qui est radial par rapport à un axe géométrique (X) perpendiculaire au plan principal, puis chacun des brins se prolonge selon un arc de cercle (214) centré sur cet axe géométrique (X), puis décrit à nouveau un segment sensiblement radial (216), dirigé en direction de l'axe géométrique (X), longeant ainsi un segment radial (212) du brin voisin sans le toucher.1. Antenna produced in plated technology including a series of strands (210, 220, 230, 240) located substantially in the same main plane, each of the strands being supplied by the same conductive wire (100), characterized in that each of these strands (210, 220, 230, 240) describes an initial segment (312) which is radial with respect to a geometric axis (X) perpendicular to the main plane, then each of the strands is extended in an arc (214) centered on this geometric axis (X), then again describes a substantially radial segment (216), directed in the direction of the geometric axis (X), thus skirting a radial segment (212) of the neighboring strand without touching it. 2. Antenne selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le fil d'alimentation (100) des brins (210, 220, 230, 240) est constitué par un fil rigide rectiligne (100) confondu avec l'axe géométrique (X).2. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed wire (100) of the strands (210, 220, 230, 240) is constituted by a rigid rectilinear wire (100) merged with the geometric axis (X) . 3. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que chaque brin (210, 220, 230, 240) décrit un arc de cercle (214), selon un même sens de rotation autour de l'axe (X), de sorte que pour chaque brin (210, 220, 230, 240) considéré, le segment radial d'extrémité (216) de ce brin (210, 220, 230, 240) borde un segment radial initial (222) d'un brin voisin.3. Antenna according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that each strand (210, 220, 230, 240) describes an arc of a circle (214), according to the same direction of rotation around the axis ( X), so that for each strand (210, 220, 230, 240) considered, the radial end segment (216) of this strand (210, 220, 230, 240) borders an initial radial segment (222) d 'a neighbor strand. 4. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'ensemble des brins (210, 220, 230, 240) décrit un pourtour circulaire de diamètre sensiblement égal à λ/4 où λ est la longueur d'onde de travail privilégiée de l'antenne.4. An antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the set of strands (210, 220, 230, 240) describes a circular periphery of diameter substantially equal to λ / 4 where λ is the wavelength privileged working of the antenna. 5. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'antenne inclut également un plan conducteur parallèle (300) au plan principal géométrique incluant les brins (210, 220, 230, 240), qui forme plan de masse de l'antenne. 5. Antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna also includes a conductive plane parallel (300) to the main geometric plane including the strands (210, 220, 230, 240), which forms a ground plane of the antenna. 6. Antenne selon la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que le fil d'alimentation (100) est constitué par le conducteur central (100) d'un conducteur coaxial, et en ce que le plan de masse (300) est alimenté par l'armature externe (150) de ce conducteur coaxial. 6. Antenna according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the supply wire (100) consists of the central conductor (100) of a coaxial conductor, and in that the ground plane (300) is supplied by the 'external armature (150) of this coaxial conductor. 7. Antenne selon la revendication précédente, caractérisée en ce que le conducteur central (100) du câble coaxial présente son extrémité au contact des brins (210, 220, 230, 240), et l'armature externe (150) du câble coaxial présente son extrémité au contact du plan de masse (300). 7. Antenna according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the central conductor (100) of the coaxial cable has its end in contact with the strands (210, 220, 230, 240), and the external armature (150) of the coaxial cable has its end in contact with the ground plane (300). 8. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisée en ce que le plan de masse (300) forme un disque plein de diamètre sensiblement égal au diamètre de la forme décrite par l'ensemble des brins (210, 220, 230, 240).8. Antenna according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the ground plane (300) forms a solid disc of diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the shape described by all of the strands (210, 220, 230, 240). 9. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les brins sont au nombre de quatre, décrivant chacun par leur portion circulaire un arc de cercle (214) décrivant un angle d'environ 90°.9. Antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the strands are four in number, each describing by their circular portion an arc of a circle (214) describing an angle of approximately 90 °. 10. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle présente plusieurs séries de brins (210, 220, 230, 240), chaque série étant formée par des brins coplanaires dans un plan principal particulier, chacune de ces séries de brins (210, 220, 230, 240) décrivant une forme générale de disque, et ces disques étant superposés en recouvrement les uns des autres et de diamètres différents.10. Antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has several series of strands (210, 220, 230, 240), each series being formed by coplanar strands in a particular main plane, each of these series of strands (210, 220, 230, 240) describing a general shape of a disc, and these discs being superimposed in overlap with one another and of different diameters. 11. Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que plusieurs séries de brins (210, 220, 230, 240) de diamètre sensiblement égaux ou différents sont superposées, les brins étant contactés entre eux ou non, de sorte qu'un fonctionnement en mode multifréquence est obtenu. 11. An antenna according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several series of strands (210, 220, 230, 240) of substantially equal or different diameter are superimposed, the strands being contacted with each other or not, so that 'operation in multi-frequency mode is obtained.
EP03760761A 2002-06-20 2003-06-20 Wire antenna Expired - Lifetime EP1516392B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0207625 2002-06-20
FR0207625A FR2841388B1 (en) 2002-06-20 2002-06-20 CIRCULAR POLARIZED BAND ANTENNA
PCT/FR2003/001901 WO2004001900A1 (en) 2002-06-20 2003-06-20 Circularly polarized wire antenna

Publications (2)

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EP1516392A1 true EP1516392A1 (en) 2005-03-23
EP1516392B1 EP1516392B1 (en) 2007-07-04

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JP (1) JP4167223B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20050036915A (en)
CN (1) CN100477380C (en)
AT (1) ATE366464T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003260614A1 (en)
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DK (1) DK1516392T3 (en)
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JP2006222847A (en) 2005-02-14 2006-08-24 Hitachi Cable Ltd Distributed phase circularly polarized antenna and high frequency module
JP2006222846A (en) 2005-02-14 2006-08-24 Hitachi Cable Ltd Leaky lossy line type circularly polarized antenna and high frequency module
JP4380587B2 (en) 2005-05-11 2009-12-09 日立電線株式会社 Distributed phase type circularly polarized wave receiving module and portable wireless device
FR2896146B1 (en) 2006-01-19 2008-03-28 Vygon Sa IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW OPERATING FIELDS
FR2896919B1 (en) 2006-02-01 2010-04-16 Centre Nat Detudes Spatiales Cnes CIRCULAR OR LINEAR POLARIZATION ANTENNA.
TWI366949B (en) * 2007-11-14 2012-06-21 Wistron Neweb Corp Antenna structure
JP2010056828A (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-11 Mitsumi Electric Co Ltd Antenna device
US8912974B2 (en) * 2011-08-31 2014-12-16 The United State of America as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics Space Administration Solderless circularly polarized microwave antenna element
TWI499127B (en) * 2012-05-11 2015-09-01 Wistron Corp Antenna structure
DE102012217113B4 (en) * 2012-09-24 2019-12-24 Continental Automotive Gmbh Antenna structure of a circularly polarized antenna for a vehicle
CN104681975A (en) * 2015-03-24 2015-06-03 邝嘉豪 Single-polar microstrip oscillator with microstrip isolation straight line
CN110854513B (en) * 2018-08-21 2021-04-20 比亚迪股份有限公司 Antenna element unit, antenna element and antenna

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CN1666383A (en) 2005-09-07
ES2289329T3 (en) 2008-02-01
AU2003260614A1 (en) 2004-01-06
DK1516392T3 (en) 2007-10-01
FR2841388B1 (en) 2005-05-20
JP4167223B2 (en) 2008-10-15
HK1077678A1 (en) 2006-02-17
EP1516392B1 (en) 2007-07-04
CN100477380C (en) 2009-04-08
US20050280599A1 (en) 2005-12-22
DE60314751D1 (en) 2007-08-16
JP2005530439A (en) 2005-10-06
FR2841388A1 (en) 2003-12-26
DE60314751T2 (en) 2008-03-06
CA2489776A1 (en) 2003-12-31
WO2004001900A8 (en) 2004-04-08
CA2489776C (en) 2011-01-11
WO2004001900A1 (en) 2003-12-31
ATE366464T1 (en) 2007-07-15
AU2003260614A8 (en) 2004-01-06
KR20050036915A (en) 2005-04-20
US7123203B2 (en) 2006-10-17

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