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EP1477074B1 - Procédé de séparation de tabac d'une bale de tabac ainsi que dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de séparation de tabac d'une bale de tabac ainsi que dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1477074B1
EP1477074B1 EP04090198A EP04090198A EP1477074B1 EP 1477074 B1 EP1477074 B1 EP 1477074B1 EP 04090198 A EP04090198 A EP 04090198A EP 04090198 A EP04090198 A EP 04090198A EP 1477074 B1 EP1477074 B1 EP 1477074B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tobacco
cutting
cake
separating means
separating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04090198A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1477074A1 (fr
EP1477074A8 (fr
Inventor
Holger Brandt
Birger Buhk
Eugen Schwarz
Hauke-Peter Hamkens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koerber Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Hauni Maschinenbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hauni Maschinenbau GmbH filed Critical Hauni Maschinenbau GmbH
Priority to PL04090198T priority Critical patent/PL1477074T3/pl
Priority to EP04090198A priority patent/EP1477074B1/fr
Publication of EP1477074A1 publication Critical patent/EP1477074A1/fr
Publication of EP1477074A8 publication Critical patent/EP1477074A8/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1477074B1 publication Critical patent/EP1477074B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B7/00—Cutting tobacco
    • A24B7/04—Cutting tobacco by machines with revolving knives
    • A24B7/08—Cutting tobacco by machines with revolving knives with several knives which act one after the other
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B7/00—Cutting tobacco
    • A24B7/04—Cutting tobacco by machines with revolving knives
    • A24B7/08—Cutting tobacco by machines with revolving knives with several knives which act one after the other
    • A24B7/12—Cutting tobacco by machines with revolving knives with several knives which act one after the other with cutter axes transverse to the feeding direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for separating tobacco from a tobacco cake comprising a rotationally drivable release agent with at least one separating element and a feed for feeding the tobacco cake into the cutting plane formed by the or each separating element. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for separating tobacco from a tobacco cake, comprising the steps of transporting the tobacco cake into the region of the cutting plane of a rotating separating means provided with at least one separating element, separating the tobacco from the tobacco cake with the separating element and discharging the separated tobacco a downstream discharge system.
  • Such methods and devices are used in the tobacco processing industry.
  • a so-called tobacco cake which consists of pressed tobacco leaves, tobacco ribs or the like, separated smaller individual tobacco portions and fed to further processing.
  • Known tobacco cutters which can usually also be designed as a trimmer, cut tobacco slices from the tobacco cake by means of knives arranged radially around a rotary head. The knives are led past the feed for the tobacco cake.
  • the material to be cut that is, for example, the separated tobacco is guided over the side edges of the knife into a cavity in which the rotating knife carrier is arranged.
  • the separated tobacco guided into the cavity inevitably collides with the rotating parts, namely the moving parts of the cutting head. These collisions lead to an increased dust development. On the other hand, the separated tobacco is also damaged by the collisions.
  • the tobacco slides after separation from the tobacco cake on the side edges of the knife in a arranged below the knives so-called groove, from which the tobacco is then passed to a downstream discharge system.
  • the separated tobacco is thereby promoted or hurled at high speed, namely at about the cutting speed of the knife into the groove. Due to the deflection of the separated tobacco stream when it hits the groove, it is accelerated to a speed that is approximately twice the cutting speed of the knives. Since the acceleration also takes place in a very narrow radius of the groove, the tobacco is exposed to a very high load, which in turn leads to increased dust and thus to raw material losses.
  • the release agent in the region of each separation element has an opening which is designed such that the separated tobacco from the tobacco inevitably passed from the cutting plane to the tobacco cake facing away from the release agent becomes.
  • the inventive design of the release agent is a particularly effective and surprisingly simple way gentle separation of the tobacco from the tobacco cake and derivation of the separated tobacco possible because the separated tobacco immediately after separation from the cutting plane in one of the cutting zone separated area can be passed without the tobacco must be redirected.
  • a cutting zone is provided on the tobacco cake facing front side of the release agent and on the side facing away from the tobacco cake back of the release agent a sanctuary.
  • the sanctuary is free of moving parts of the device itself, so that the separated tobacco is not further burdened immediately after the separation.
  • the separated tobacco is thus slowed down only by its own air resistance.
  • the falling by its own weight down in the direction of the discharge system tobacco is performed very gently at low speed on the discharge system due to the flow of air from the cutting zone.
  • Each breakthrough preferably has a funnel-shaped shape which opens toward the side of the separating means facing away from the tobacco cake. This form of breakthroughs allows a deflection-free, namely almost linear discharge of the tobacco, whereby the burden on the tobacco is particularly effectively reduced.
  • the separating means is designed as a cutting plate, wherein the cutting plate is arranged on a shaft defining the axis of rotation. Due to the design of the release agent as a disk-shaped cutting plate, the distraction-free discharge of the separated tobacco is possible in a particularly simple manner.
  • the separating means is designed as a hollow drum, wherein the hollow drum is driven to rotate about the axis of rotation. Due to the design of the release agent as a hollow drum, due to the geometry of the hollow drum itself, a separation in the cutting zone and zone of protection achieved in a particularly simple manner, without additional design effort is necessary. Rather, the already existing geometric conditions are used in a surprising manner.
  • the object is achieved by a method with the steps mentioned above in that the separated tobacco is necessarily passed immediately after separation from the tobacco cake from the cutting plane through the release agent on the tobacco cake side facing away from the release agent.
  • a gentle separation and management of the just separated tobacco is made possible on a downstream discharge system.
  • the devices shown in the figures serve to cut and guide cut tobacco in a tobacco cutter.
  • a device 10 which comprises a release agent 11.
  • the release agent 11 is formed in this embodiment as a disk-shaped cutting plate 12.
  • the cutting plate 12 has a plurality, preferably eight uniformly distributed over the circumference separating elements 13, which are usually used as a knife 14th are formed.
  • four blades 14 are distributed over the circumference.
  • other release agents 13 can be used, for example, split, shear or impact elements or the like.
  • the four blades 14 and their cutting edges are radially aligned and adjustable. By adjusting or adjusting the blade 14, the wear of the blades 14 and the cutting edges, which is in particular caused by the regrinding of the cutting edges, be compensated. Alternatively, however, the position of the entire cutting plate 12 can be changed, in which case the blades 14 (locally) fixed to the cutting plate 12.
  • the knives 14 form a cutting plane 15 which spans or extends parallel to the cutting plate 12.
  • the blades 14 have an angle of attack ⁇ of about 10 ° to 50 °, wherein the preferred inclination of the blade 14 with respect to the cutting plane 15 is about 13 ° to 24 °.
  • the device 10 has a feed (not shown) by means of which a tobacco cake 16 can be brought to the separating means 11 or the cutting plate 12, into the region of the cutting plane 15.
  • This feed can be used as a conveyor belt, conveyor chain or other conventional Be formed supply means.
  • the cutting plate 12 is arranged on a shaft 17, which can be driven to rotate about an axis of rotation 18.
  • the cutting plate 12 itself has an opening 19 in the area of the blades 14.
  • the apertures 19 are formed as a passage opening, so that a passage from the front side 20 of the cutting plate 12, on which the tobacco cake 16 is supplied, on the back 21 of the cutting plate 12, on which the separated tobacco is discharged, created.
  • the cutting plate 12 with its geometry delimits a cutting zone 22 located on the front side 20 from a guard zone 23 located on the rear side 21.
  • the sanctuary zone 23 is surrounded by a housing 24, which almost completely closes the guard zone 23 from the environment.
  • each opening 19 expediently has a funnel-shaped shape which opens toward the rear side 21 (see in particular FIGS. 3 and 4).
  • the housing 24 is releasably secured to a base plate 27.
  • the base plate 27 is preferably like the cutting plate 12 disc-shaped and arranged parallel and spaced from the cutting plate 12, so that the cutting zone 22 between the cutting plate 12 and the base plate 27 is formed.
  • the base plate In the area of feeding the tobacco cake 16 into the cutting zone 22 or into the cutting plane 15, the base plate has an opening 28 through which the tobacco cake 16 can be conveyed in the direction of the cutting plate 12.
  • the opening 28 is provided with a mouthpiece 29 to assist the targeted and defined feeding of the tobacco cake 16.
  • the base plate 27 has at least one further opening 30. This opening 30, of which several can be distributed over the circumference, serves for introducing and / or sucking an air stream 31 formed from ambient air into the cutting zone 22 or the guard zone 23.
  • air is discharged from the cutting zone 22 to form the air stream 31 sucked in the rotational movement of the cutting plate 12 itself.
  • the opening 30 is used for "breathing", ie filling the cutting zone 22 with air in order to prevent a vacuum in the cutting zone 22.
  • the gentle transport of tobacco tobacco stream 32 consisting of separated tobacco is supported by the cutting zone 22 in the sanctuary zone 23.
  • means may also be arranged in the area of the base plate 27.
  • the apertures 19 are formed such that they have at least in part a linear passage from the front side 20 to the back 21.
  • edge 34 of the opening 19 is formed in the cutting direction in front of the blade tip 35 of the blade 14.
  • the edge 34 has in the region of the front side 20 of the cutting plate 12 on a slope 38, which facilitates the "threading" of the separated tobacco into the opening 19.
  • Knife tip 35 trailing edge 36 of the opening 19 extends, starting from the knife tip 35 first at an acute angle ⁇ , preferably of about 10 °, to the blade 14, then to leak in a radius to the sanctuary zone 23 out.
  • This geometry ensures a gentle and almost deflection-free transport of the tobacco from the cutting zone 22 in the zone of protection 23rd
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show a further embodiment of the device 10.
  • the same reference numbers are used for identical parts. Since the devices 10 of Figures 1 to 4 on the one hand and Figures 5 and 6 on the other hand are basically constructed and operate on the same principle, a detailed description of the same features and designs is omitted.
  • the device 10 according to FIGS. 5 and 6 has a drum 41 as separating means 11.
  • the hollow drum 41 also has four, in preferred embodiments, eight, evenly distributed over the circumference separating elements 13 and knife 14, which describe a cutting plane 15 corresponding cutting circuit 15.
  • the drum 41 itself is rotationally driven about a rotation axis 42.
  • the blades 14 extend parallel in the direction of the axis of rotation 42.
  • the mouthpiece 29 is arranged so that the cutting zone 22 between tobacco cake 16 and drum 41 is formed.
  • the guard zone 23 is formed within the drum 41.
  • the front side 20 is the side on which the tobacco cake 16 is supplied.
  • the interior of the drum 41 corresponds to the rear side 21.
  • the cutting plane 15 has a slight curvature in the second embodiment, which runs parallel to the circumferential surface of the drum 41.
  • the angle of attack ⁇ of the blades 14 to the cutting plane 15 substantially corresponds to that of the first embodiment.
  • a further air flow 43 is provided in addition to the radially directed air flow 31.
  • the air flow 43 extends transversely to the drum 41, namely in the direction of the axis of rotation 42.
  • the air flow 43 can be generated by suitable means, preferably with a blower (not shown).
  • the air flow 31 may be formed, on the one hand, by rotation of the drum 41 itself in connection with the air flow 43 directed transversely to the drum 41, so that a suction effect from the outside is generated inside the drum 41.
  • the airflow 31 can also optionally be produced by additional means.
  • Reference numeral 44 denotes the cutting direction of the drum 41.
  • the tobacco cake 16 is continuously guided to the cutting plate 12 and the drum 41, so that the tobacco cake 16 abuts against the cutting plate 12 and the drum 41.
  • the blades 14 reach the position at which the tobacco is separated from the tobacco cake 16.
  • the severing can be a cutting, splitting, shearing or the like and inter alia depends essentially on the density of the material to be separated. that does not have to be exclusively tobacco.
  • the separation process starts on the upper side of the tobacco cake 16.
  • the separated tobacco is - the tobacco stream 32 forming - immediately and immediately passed from the cutting zone 22 in the sanctuary zone 23.
  • the transport from the cutting zone 22 into the guard zone 23 is optionally assisted by the air flow 31 which is sucked in by the rotation of the separating means 11 itself, so that the air flow 31 at the cutting plate 12 from the front 20 to the back 21 and the drum 41st From the outside to the inside is passed through the apertures 19.
  • the tobacco stream 32 is initially almost linear, ie transported without the tobacco stream 32 accelerating or destroying deflections in the sanctuary zone 23. Since the guard zone 23 is free of any components of the device 10 itself, the collision of the tobacco stream 32 with other components can be prevented.
  • the tobacco stream 32 is therefore decelerated in the sanctuary 23 only by its own air resistance.
  • the braking effect is also supported by the different flow velocities, due to the small cross section in the area of the knives 14 or the cutting zone 22 on the one hand and the expanded cross section in the area of the guard zone 23 on the other hand.
  • the tobacco stream 32 is then gently guided in the device 10 according to the figures 1 to 4 by its gravity and optionally supported by the air stream 31 in the direction of the discharge chute 26, where the tobacco stream 32 then hits the discharge system at low speed ,
  • the tobacco stream 32 in the device 10 according to Figures 5 and 6 is guided by the additional air flow 43 from the sanctuary zone 23 to an exit opening from the drum 41.

Landscapes

  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)

Claims (23)

  1. Dispositif pour séparer le tabac d'une balle de tabac (16) comprenant un moyen de séparation (11) pouvant être entraîné en rotation avec au moins un élément de séparation (13) et une alimentation pour acheminer la balle de tabac (16) dans le plan de coupe (15) formé par le ou chaque élément de séparation (13), caractérisé en ce que le moyen de séparation (11) présente dans la zone de chaque élément de séparation (13) un passage (19) qui est réalisé de telle sorte que le tabac séparé de la balle de tabac (16) est conduit impérativement hors du plan de coupe (15) sur le côté, opposé à la balle de tabac (16), du moyen de séparation (11).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de séparation (11) présente plusieurs éléments de séparation (13), qui sont réalisés sous la forme de couteaux (14).
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de séparation (11) présente huit couteaux (14) réglables, qui sont uniformément répartis sur le pourtour du moyen de séparation (11).
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les couteaux (14) présentent un angle d'attaque α, d'environ 10° à 50°, de préférence environ 13° à 24°, par rapport au plan de coupe (15).
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on prévoit une zone de coupe (22) sur le côté avant (20), tourné vers la balle de tabac (16), du moyen de séparation (11) et une zone de protection (23) sur le côté arrière (21), opposé à la balle de tabac (16), du moyen de séparation (11).
  6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le tabac séparé de la balle de tabac (16) peut être transporté sans déviations, à savoir de façon pratiquement linéaire du côté avant (20) vers le côté arrière (21) du moyen de séparation (11).
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que chaque passage (19) présente une structure en forme d'entonnoir, s'ouvrant en direction du côté, opposé à la balle de tabac (16), du moyen de séparation (11).
  8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de séparation (11) est réalisé sous forme d'un plateau coupant (12), le plateau coupant (12) étant disposé sur un arbre (17) définissant l'axe de rotation (18).
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les couteaux (14) sont disposés sur le plateau coupant (12) de telle sorte que leurs arêtes coupantes sont orientées dans le sens radial.
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce qu'une plaque de base (27) est associée au plateau coupant (12) sur le côté avant (20), le plateau coupant (12) et la plaque de base (27) étant disposés à distance l'un de l'autre pour former la zone de coupe (22).
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de base (27) présente une embouchure (29) pour une alimentation déterminée de la balle de tabac (16) dans la zone du plan de coupe (15).
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de base (27) présente au moins une autre ouverture (30) pour l'introduction et/ou l'aspiration d'un courant d'air (31).
  13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'un carter (24) est disposé sur la plaque de base (27) pour former la zone de protection (23) sur le côté arrière (21) de la plaque coupante (12).
  14. Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le carter (24) présente un puits d'éjection (26) pour conduire le tabac séparé à un système d'évacuation placé en aval.
  15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de séparation (11) est réalisé sous forme d'un tambour creux (41), le tambour creux (41) pouvant tourner autour de l'axe de rotation (42).
  16. Dispositif selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les couteaux (14) sont disposés dans la zone de la surface périphérique du tambour (41) et s'étendent parallèlement à l'axe de rotation (42).
  17. Dispositif selon la revendication 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce qu'une embouchure (29) est prévue pour l'alimentation déterminée de la balle de tabac (16) dans la zone du cercle de coupe (15).
  18. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 15 à 17, caractérisé en ce qu'on prévoit des moyens pour introduire un courant d'air (43) dans la zone de protection (23) sont prévus parallèlement à l'axe de rotation (42) et/ou (31) radial transversalement à l'axe de rotation (42).
  19. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 15 à 18, caractérisé en ce que le tambour creux (41) présente sur un côté avant une ouverture d'éjection pour conduire le tabac séparé à un système d'évacuation situé en aval.
  20. Procédé pour la séparation du tabac d'une balle de tabac comprenant les étapes de
    - transport de la balle de tabac (16) dans la zone du plan de coupe (15) d'un moyen de séparation (11) tournant et pourvu d'au moins un élément de séparation (13),
    - séparation du tabac de la balle de tabac (16) avec l'élément de séparation (13),
    - acheminement du tabac séparé de la balle de tabac (16) vers un système d'évacuation placé en aval,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - le tabac séparé est obligatoirement acheminé, directement après la séparation de la balle de tabac (16), hors du plan de coupe (15) à travers le moyen de séparation (11) vers le côté, opposé à la balle de tabac (16), du moyen de séparation (11).
  21. Procédé selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que le transport du tabac séparé de la balle de tabac (16) s'effectue en direction linéaire depuis le plan de coupe (15) vers le côté opposé à la balle de tabac (16).
  22. Procédé selon la revendication 20 ou 21, caractérisé en ce que le transport s'effectue sans déviation d'une zone de coupe (22) située avant le moyen de séparation (11) à une zone de protection (23) située derrière le moyen de séparation (11).
  23. Procédé selon la revendication 22, caractérisé en ce que le tabac séparé est freiné dans la zone de protection (23) uniquement par sa propre résistance à l'air.
EP04090198A 2003-05-16 2004-05-17 Procédé de séparation de tabac d'une bale de tabac ainsi que dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé Expired - Lifetime EP1477074B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL04090198T PL1477074T3 (pl) 2003-05-16 2004-05-17 Sposób odcinania tytoniu z placka tytoniowego oraz urządzenie do przeprowadzania tego sposobu
EP04090198A EP1477074B1 (fr) 2003-05-16 2004-05-17 Procédé de séparation de tabac d'une bale de tabac ainsi que dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03090145 2003-05-16
EP03090145 2003-05-16
EP04090198A EP1477074B1 (fr) 2003-05-16 2004-05-17 Procédé de séparation de tabac d'une bale de tabac ainsi que dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1477074A1 EP1477074A1 (fr) 2004-11-17
EP1477074A8 EP1477074A8 (fr) 2005-02-09
EP1477074B1 true EP1477074B1 (fr) 2007-08-08

Family

ID=33522358

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04090198A Expired - Lifetime EP1477074B1 (fr) 2003-05-16 2004-05-17 Procédé de séparation de tabac d'une bale de tabac ainsi que dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1477074B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4597572B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN100409774C (fr)
AT (1) ATE369046T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502004004550D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2289431T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL1477074T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL392804A1 (pl) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-07 International Tobacco Machinery Poland Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Zespół nożowy do krajarki do tytoniu
CN102715634B (zh) * 2012-07-05 2014-03-05 巩义市长征新科真空机械厂 压缩空气烟把切割解把系统
CN110154118B (zh) * 2019-06-25 2024-02-23 重庆长征重工有限责任公司 一种能够自动补偿的旋转刀装置

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB665653A (en) * 1949-04-05 1952-01-30 Robert Legg Ltd Improvements in or relating to machines for cutting tobacco and similar materials
DE883575C (de) * 1951-07-06 1954-08-09 Kurt Koerber & Co K G Antriebsvorrichtung fuer den Schleifmechanismus an Walzentabakschneidern
US3604489A (en) * 1969-12-23 1971-09-14 Philip Morris Inc Grinding mill
JPS5828265A (ja) * 1981-07-23 1983-02-19 エイエムエフ・インコ−ポレ−テツド 積層材料の切断方法および切断装置
IT1256915B (it) * 1992-08-03 1995-12-27 Comas Spa Dispositivo di taglio rotante, particolarmente per la trinciatura del tabacco.
EP0717600B1 (fr) * 1993-09-07 1999-02-03 Fabriques De Tabac Reunies S.A. Coupeuse rotative
US6413566B2 (en) * 1999-08-03 2002-07-02 Heat And Control Inc. Simultaneous slicing and washing of vegetables

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2004337168A (ja) 2004-12-02
EP1477074A1 (fr) 2004-11-17
EP1477074A8 (fr) 2005-02-09
CN100409774C (zh) 2008-08-13
ATE369046T1 (de) 2007-08-15
DE502004004550D1 (de) 2007-09-20
JP4597572B2 (ja) 2010-12-15
CN1550162A (zh) 2004-12-01
ES2289431T3 (es) 2008-02-01
PL1477074T3 (pl) 2007-12-31

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