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EP1447191B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von flachen keramischen Gegenständen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von flachen keramischen Gegenständen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1447191B1
EP1447191B1 EP04001546A EP04001546A EP1447191B1 EP 1447191 B1 EP1447191 B1 EP 1447191B1 EP 04001546 A EP04001546 A EP 04001546A EP 04001546 A EP04001546 A EP 04001546A EP 1447191 B1 EP1447191 B1 EP 1447191B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
products
squashing
over
turning
arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04001546A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1447191A2 (de
EP1447191A3 (de
Inventor
Stefano Caroni
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siti B&T Group SpA
Original Assignee
Siti B&T Group SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siti B&T Group SpA filed Critical Siti B&T Group SpA
Priority to EP10160133A priority Critical patent/EP2210724A1/de
Publication of EP1447191A2 publication Critical patent/EP1447191A2/de
Publication of EP1447191A3 publication Critical patent/EP1447191A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1447191B1 publication Critical patent/EP1447191B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/08—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads
    • B28B11/10—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for reshaping the surface, e.g. smoothing, roughening, corrugating, making screw-threads by using presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/12—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for removing parts of the articles by cutting
    • B28B11/125—Cutting-off protruding ridges, also profiled cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/14—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for dividing shaped articles by cutting
    • B28B11/16—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for dividing shaped articles by cutting for extrusion or for materials supplied in long webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/04—Discharging the shaped articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a method of and apparatus for forming substantially flat ceramic products.
  • substantially flat ceramic products such as, for example, tiles
  • a ceramic paste in the form of a continuous ribbon, the thickness of which is substantially the same as the final thickness that the finished products must have.
  • the ribbon is then chopped up into pieces to size and as per specification to obtain tiles of preset dimensions.
  • IT MO94A000027 discloses a version of this process.
  • a forced injection of colouring materials is made at a location along the flow of materials advancing through the extruder.
  • the injection can be obtained by arranging at least one injector close to the extruder screw which advances the material towards a location near the extrusion mouth.
  • the injector or the injectors may also be positioned at locations along the extrusion direction at different distances from the extrusion mouth. Depending on the desired chromatic effects, the injector or injectors may be positioned on the extruder body or on the screw shaft.
  • the shaft is internally provided with at least one conduit for feeding the colouring materials.
  • an extruded product is formed, having a central internal portion of a colour different from the colour of the external portion.
  • the extruded product has a monochromatic external rind (having the same colour as the initial colour of the clay), and an internal portion provided with coloured veins.
  • the extruded product so obtained, having a core of different colour, is then also cut along a plane which is not perpendicular - usually parallel - to the extrusion direction, so as to remove the monochromatic rind and make the differently coloured central portion visible.
  • the cutting operation when performed parallelly to the extrusion direction, is preferably carried out during the extrusion process by introducing a cutting member near the extrusion mouth.
  • the cutting member separates the rind from the internal portion of the extruded product.
  • the cross-section of the extruder has to be so dimensioned that the desired cross-section of the extruded product is not affected by the cutting member.
  • an extruder having a rectangular cross-section is used, having a thickness twice the object's thickness and provided with a central cutting wire. Therefore, two objects exit from the extruder, the two objects being separated along a central plane parallel to the extrusion direction.
  • the extruded product is cut, during its advancing, by inserting a stretched cutting wire, arranged near the extrusion mouth transversely with respect to the extrusion direction.
  • the cutting wire is moved according to preset oscillating movements.
  • the cutting wire may be moved with a reciprocating motion along a plane perpendicular to the extrusion direction.
  • the extruded product is therefore cut into two parts, each of these parts having an undulated surface. These parts are then flattened by pressing.
  • the ribbon is subjected to a process of surface stripping, i.e. a slice of extruded material that is a few millimetres thick and is still in the plastic state is removed.
  • the removed material is a noticeable percentage of the total material used to form the ceramic product (of the order of 10-20%) and has to be removed from the production line as waste material that can nevertheless be used in other industrial ceramic applications.
  • US-A-4,292,359 discloses a process for the continuous production, by extrusion, of a partly finished clay product comprising a pair of parallel ribbons joined in back-to-back relation by a plurality of longitudinally extending walls in the form of frangible bridges which, when the partly finished clay product has been cut into blanks and fired to harden it, can be broken to separate the blanks into two ceramic pieces.
  • the process comprises the steps of feeding a base material to a first screw extruder having two screw conveyors in series separated by a degassing chamber, and feeding a second, differently coloured, material to the degassing chamber, preferably through a second screw extruder.
  • the screw conveyor Downstream of the degassing chamber the screw conveyor imparts a rotary mixing motion to the two-coloured clays to swirl these and then the mixture is pressed through a vertically extending die plate of suitable shape, which also strips the extruded, partly finished, clay product to expose faces having a wood grain effect.
  • the die plate is provided with a pair of vertical knives each of which strips a lateral portion from the extruded strip.
  • a method of forming substantially flat ceramic products comprising preparing a ceramic paste, extruding the ceramic paste through an extrusion die and over a cutter to obtain a substantially continuous multiple ribbon of paste with first and second ribbons of the multiple ribbon not being joined together but having a separation plane that is substantially parallel to the faces of the multiple ribbon, and severing the first and second ribbons transversely to provide the products, characterised in that said extruding is performed substantially horizontally.
  • apparatus for forming substantially flat ceramic products comprising an extruder having an extrusion die slot, a cutter extending substantially parallelly to the die slot, and a severing device to provide the products downstream of the extruder, the arrangement being such that ceramic paste can be extruded from the die slot and cut by the cutter to obtain a substantially continuous multiple ribbon of paste with first and second ribbons of the multiple ribbon not being joined together but having a separation plane that is substantially parallel to the faces of the multiple ribbon, and the first and second ribbons can be severed transversely by the severing device to provide the products, characterized in that the die slot is directed substantially horizontally.
  • 1 indicates an end portion of a batching/mixing device 101 shown in Figure 2 , which is provided with an extrusion die slot 2 and wherein a ceramic paste IP with at least two chromatic components is prepared.
  • the extrusion die slot 2 is provided with a transverse blade 3 that cuts longitudinally, thereby minimising attrition phenomena, as extrusion progresses, the continuously extruded ceramic paste IP, on a horizontal plane, subdividing it into two ribbons 4a, 4b, the cut faces 104 and 204 of which are in substantial contact with one another, although, solely for the sake of clarity, in Figure 1 they are shown slightly separated from one another.
  • the continuous multiple ribbon 4 at the outlet of the extrusion die slot 2 is collected and supported by a mobile conveying surface 5, for example consisting of an endless conveyor belt on motor-driven and idle rollers 105, and conveyed to a transverse cutting station where cutting-to-size with a suitable means 6 occurs.
  • a mobile conveying surface 5 for example consisting of an endless conveyor belt on motor-driven and idle rollers 105, and conveyed to a transverse cutting station where cutting-to-size with a suitable means 6 occurs.
  • the conveying surface 5 carries the unfinished products 4a and 4b to an overturning station where, by a means 108 ( Figure 2 ) known per se to those skilled in the art, turning over of the top product 4a in relation to the bottom product 4b occurs; the product 4a is thus placed next to the bottom product 4b with its cut face 104 upwards, as is the cut face 204 of the bottom product 4b.
  • the products 4a and 4b reach a presser unit 7 whereat a squashing of the products 4a and 4b is performed under a preset force, so that their thickness is reduced to a set amount.
  • the compressing action causes the raw paste that makes up the unfinished products 4a and 4b to become homogenous and stable, thereby greatly reducing any internal stresses generated during the extrusion and therefore any consequential defects induced during firing of the ceramic products.
  • the flattening phase is followed by a phase of trimming of the products 4a and 4b, and possibly a phase of dividing each product according to preset sizes, as indicated by the cut lines 19 in Figure 4 , with a suitable apparatus 8, to obtain the perimeter dimensions required of the products P which are sent for firing.
  • the trimming device 8 shown in Figure 1 includes a vertically reciprocable rectangular cutting ring 8a.
  • the device 8 includes a pair of cutting wheels 8b mounted on a shaft 8c reciprocable by a piston-and-cylinder drive 8d.
  • the device 8 also includes another pair of cutting wheels 8e mounted upon a transverse shaft 8f.
  • upstream of the flattening phase there may be an additional phase of spreading, on the cut faces 104 and 204, decorative materials that are suitable for being incorporated in the faces 104, 204 during the flattening phase, in particular dissolved or inconsistent decorating materials such as, for example, oxides, powder or granular glazes, or also materials in flakes or three-dimensional bodies that are distributed over the faces 104 and 204 with distribution devices or decorating machines that are per se known and are indicated in Figure 2 with the overall reference numeral 110.
  • the length of the section of mobile conveying surface 5 under the apparatus 110 may vary according to the number of chromatic applications that are to be performed and the type of apparatus 110 to be used.
  • high- or low-relief decorations are printed on the cut faces 104 and 204, by providing suitable dies on the presser unit 7.
  • the flattening phase can be performed by using a suitable roller device 9 shown in Figures 1 and 2 instead of the presser unit 7 or in combination therewith.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Verfahren zum Ausbilden von im Wesentlichen flachen Keramikerzeugnissen, umfassend das Zubereiten einer Keramikpaste (IP), wobei die Keramikpaste (IP) mit mindestens zwei farbigen Komponenten zubereitet wird, das Extrudieren der Keramikpaste (IP) durch eine Extrusionsdüse (2) und über einem Schneidwerkzeug (3), um ein im Wesentlichen ununterbrochenes Mehrfachband (4) aus Paste zu erhalten, wobei erste und zweite Bänder (4a, 4b) des Mehrfachbands (4) nicht miteinander verbunden sind, sondern eine Trennebene aufweisen, die im Wesentlichen parallel zu den Oberflächen des Mehrfachbands (4) ist, wobei dieses Extrudieren im Wesentlichen horizontal ausgeführt wird, und Trennen der ersten und zweiten Bänder (4a, 4b) in Querrichtung, um die Erzeugnisse (P) angeordnet in oberen und unteren Reihen bereitzustellen, wobei die Erzeugnisse (P) der oberen Reihe umgedreht werden, so dass diese anfänglich an die Trennebene angrenzenden Oberflächen der Erzeugnisse (P) der oberen und der unteren Reihe alle nach oben zeigen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erzeugnisse (P) nach dem Umdrehen zusammengepresst werden, um ihre Dicken zu verringern und ihre Grundrissflächen zu vergrößern, wobei während dieses Zusammenpressens ein Reliefdekor auf den Erzeugnissen (P) erzeugt wird, und dass die Erzeugnisse (P) nach dem Zusammenpressen um ihre Ränder herum zugeschnitten werden.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Mehrfachband (4) eine Breitendimension, die im Wesentlichen horizontal ist, und eine Dickendimension aufweist, die im Wesentlichen vertikal ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem das Umdrehen bewirkt, dass die Erzeugnisse (P) der oberen Reihe Seite an Seite mit den Erzeugnissen (P) der unteren Reihe angeordnet sind.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3 und ferner umfassend das Anbringen von Dekormaterial an der Oberfläche (104, 204) nach dem Umdrehen.
  5. Vorrichtung zum Ausbilden von im Wesentlichen flachen Keramikerzeugnisse (P), umfassend einen Extruder (1) mit einem Extrusionsdüsenschlitz (2), wobei der Düsenschlitz (2) im Wesentlichen horizontal ausgerichtet ist, ein im Wesentlichen parallel zum Düsenschlitz (2) verlaufendes Schneidwerkzeug (3) und eine Trennvorrichtung (6) zum Bereitstellen der Erzeugnisse (P) nach dem Extruder (1), wobei die Anordnung derart ist, dass Keramikpaste (IP), wobei die Keramikpaste (IP) mit mindestens zwei farbigen Komponenten zubereitet ist, vom Düsenschlitz extrudiert und vom Schneidwerkzeug durchgeschnitten werden kann, um ein im Wesentlichen ununterbrochenes Mehrfachband (4) aus Paste zu erhalten, wobei erste und zweite Bänder (4a, 4b) des Mehrfachbands (4) nicht miteinander verbunden sind, sondern eine Trennebene aufweisen, die im Wesentlichen parallel zu den Oberflächen des Mehrfachbands ist, und wobei die ersten und zweiten Bänder (4a, 4b) durch die Trennvorrichtung (6) in Querrichtung getrennt werden können, um die Erzeugnisse (P) angeordnet in oberen und unteren Reihen bereitzustellen, und eine Umdrehvorrichtung (108) zum Umdrehen der oberen Reihe von Erzeugnissen (P), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Pressanordnung (7; 9) nach der Umdrehvorrichtung (108) zum Zusammenpressen der Erzeugnisse (P), wobei die Pressanordnung (7; 9) mit einer Pressoberfläche mit einer darauf befindlichen Reliefornamentik zum Erzeugen eines Reliefdekors auf den Erzeugnissen (P) versehen ist, und eine Schneidvorrichtung (8) nach der Pressanordnung (7; 9) zum Zuschneiden der Erzeugnisse (P) um ihre Ränder herum umfasst.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, bei der die Pressanordnung (7; 9) eine im Wesentlichen perpendikular zu den Erzeugnissen (P) hin- und herbewegbare Pressplatte (7) umfasst.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, bei der die Pressanordnung (7; 9) mindestens eine Presswalze (9) umfasst.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 bis 7, bei der die Schneidvorrichtung (8) ein erstes Paar von in einer ersten Richtung hin- und herbewegbaren Schneidelementen (8b) und ein zweites Paar von in einer im Wesentlichen zur ersten Richtung perpendikularen zweiten Richtung hin- und herbewegbaren Schneidelementen (8e) umfasst.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, bei welcher der Düsenschlitz (2) eine Breitendimension, die im Wesentlichen horizontal ist, und eine Dickendimension aufweist, die im Wesentlichen vertikal ist, das Schneidwerkzeug (3) im Wesentlichen horizontal verläuft und die Trennvorrichtung (6) die ersten und zweiten Bänder (4a, 4b) in eine obere Reihe von Erzeugnissen (P) und eine untere Reihe von Erzeugnissen (P) trennt.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9 und ferner umfassend eine Verteilvorrichtung (110) zwischen der Umdrehvorrichtung (108) und der Pressanordnung (7; 9) zum Verteilen von Dekormaterial über den Erzeugnissen (P).
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10 und ferner umfassend einen horizontalen Förderer (5) zum Aufnehmen des Mehrfachbands (4), wenn es den Düsenschlitz (2) verlässt.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 11, bei der das Schneidwerkzeug (3) mit Schneidflächen mit einer Beschichtung mit reibungsmindernden Eigenschaften darauf versehen ist.
EP04001546A 2003-02-14 2004-01-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von flachen keramischen Gegenständen Expired - Lifetime EP1447191B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10160133A EP2210724A1 (de) 2003-02-14 2004-01-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von flachen keramischen Gegenständen

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000031A ITMO20030031A1 (it) 2003-02-14 2003-02-14 Procedimento estrusivo per la formatura di manufatti
ITMO20030031 2003-02-14

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10160133.4 Division-Into 2010-04-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1447191A2 EP1447191A2 (de) 2004-08-18
EP1447191A3 EP1447191A3 (de) 2006-03-22
EP1447191B1 true EP1447191B1 (de) 2011-03-16

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EP10160133A Ceased EP2210724A1 (de) 2003-02-14 2004-01-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von flachen keramischen Gegenständen
EP04001546A Expired - Lifetime EP1447191B1 (de) 2003-02-14 2004-01-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von flachen keramischen Gegenständen

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EP10160133A Ceased EP2210724A1 (de) 2003-02-14 2004-01-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von flachen keramischen Gegenständen

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EP (2) EP2210724A1 (de)
IT (1) ITMO20030031A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITBO20050771A1 (it) * 2005-12-19 2007-06-20 Gruppo Barbieri & Tarozzi Spa Dispositivo di taglio
CN101037004B (zh) * 2007-02-14 2011-04-06 徐平 一种陶瓷砖成型模具装置及利用该装置的成型方法
CN102581927A (zh) * 2011-01-10 2012-07-18 云浮威洋石材有限公司 人造石英石加工工艺
CN102248584B (zh) * 2011-07-28 2013-04-10 成都芙蓉新型建材有限公司 墙板压平机
CN102581942B (zh) * 2012-03-07 2015-05-20 深圳顺络电子股份有限公司 一种用于贴片式元件陶瓷胚体的切边方法及其装置
BE1026888B1 (nl) 2018-12-18 2020-07-22 Steenfabriek Maasmechelen Bvba Handvorm baksteenstrip
CN111469260B (zh) * 2020-04-28 2022-04-12 王安全 一种干法生产制备的石膏砌块
CN111958793B (zh) * 2020-07-22 2021-12-03 台州丽盾智能科技有限公司 一种陶瓷制造用花瓶换口设备

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JP2002052522A (ja) * 2000-08-08 2002-02-19 Inax Corp タイルの成形方法
DE10112439A1 (de) * 2001-03-15 2002-09-19 Oleg L Kulikov Vorrichtung zur Produktion keramischer Massen durch Extrusion

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GB880892A (en) * 1959-10-05 1961-10-25 Alexander John Cherney An improved method and apparatus for the manufacture of tiles
FR1253656A (fr) * 1960-04-08 1961-02-10 Procédé de fabrication de carreaux en céramique et appareillage pour sa mise en oeuvre
GB930708A (en) * 1960-04-16 1963-07-10 Fetok Gmbh Improvements relating to facing tiles
FR1425619A (fr) * 1965-01-27 1966-01-24 Perfectionnements aux procédés de fabrication d'éléments plats à base d'argile ou de composés minéraux, pour carrelages, revêtements de murs et d'autres usages
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IT1203288B (it) 1979-01-24 1989-02-15 Laria Laterizi Rivestimenti Ed Procedimento per la produzione in continuo mediante estrusione di un semilavorato argilloso
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Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002052522A (ja) * 2000-08-08 2002-02-19 Inax Corp タイルの成形方法
DE10112439A1 (de) * 2001-03-15 2002-09-19 Oleg L Kulikov Vorrichtung zur Produktion keramischer Massen durch Extrusion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1447191A2 (de) 2004-08-18
EP2210724A1 (de) 2010-07-28
ITMO20030031A1 (it) 2004-08-15
EP1447191A3 (de) 2006-03-22
ITMO20030031A0 (it) 2003-02-14

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