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EP1378076A2 - 3r regenerator with wavelength conversion - Google Patents

3r regenerator with wavelength conversion

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Publication number
EP1378076A2
EP1378076A2 EP02729867A EP02729867A EP1378076A2 EP 1378076 A2 EP1378076 A2 EP 1378076A2 EP 02729867 A EP02729867 A EP 02729867A EP 02729867 A EP02729867 A EP 02729867A EP 1378076 A2 EP1378076 A2 EP 1378076A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
decision maker
wavelength
regenerator according
linear
regenerator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02729867A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bernd Sartorius
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP1378076A2 publication Critical patent/EP1378076A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/29—Repeaters
    • H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
    • H04B10/299—Signal waveform processing, e.g. reshaping or retiming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
    • H04L7/0075—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter with photonic or optical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/005—Optical components external to the laser cavity, specially adapted therefor, e.g. for homogenisation or merging of the beams or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/06—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium
    • H01S5/062—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying the potential of the electrodes
    • H01S5/0625—Arrangements for controlling the laser output parameters, e.g. by operating on the active medium by varying the potential of the electrodes in multi-section lasers
    • H01S5/06253—Pulse modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/50—Amplifier structures not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
    • H01S5/5054—Amplifier structures not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30 in which the wavelength is transformed by non-linear properties of the active medium, e.g. four wave mixing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a 3R regenerator with wavelength conversion, comprising means for clock regeneration, a non-linear decision maker and means for generating and / or adjusting the output wavelength.
  • Optical 3R regeneration (re-amplification / amplitude of the signal; re-shaping / form of the signal; re-timing / temporal position of the signal) is a key function for transparent optical data networks.
  • the important functional blocks are the clock regeneration, which generates a stream of light pulses, which is synchronized to the data signal, and the decision element, which has an almost digital switching function to distinguish noise and signal pulses.
  • Another important parameter for current WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) systems is the output wavelength of the regenerated signal. This must fit exactly into the standardized wavelength grid and should be freely selectable within it.
  • the standard structure of an optical 3R regenerator uses a nonlinear optical switch as a decision element, which is controlled by the data signal and either blocks or allows the clock pulses to pass or pass depending on the "0" or "1" bit (see, for example, ECOC 2000, Kunststoff, invited paper We 9.4.1, Conf. Dig. We pp. 293-296).
  • Re-timing and re-shaping is achieved in that the switching window is longer in time than the clock pulses.
  • the pulse shape and temporal jitter in the data signal are not transferred to the pulse shape and timing of the output signal and timing is only influenced by the clock pulses.
  • the wavelength of the output signal is also determined by the clock pulses. For each wavelength in the grid, a special clock regenerator, which is a complex component, must be manufactured or an additional wavelength conversion must be added to the 3R regenerator.
  • 3R regenerators digitally switching lasers are used as decision-making elements, such as in ELECTRONIC LETTERS 28 th September 1989 Vol. 25 No. 20 pp. 1332-1333 and SPIE Vol. 2954, pp. 30-41.
  • a decision-making laser which is also a complicated component, defines the output wavelength of the 3R regenerator.
  • a suitable decision maker has to be made for each wavelength or an additional wavelength conversion has to be added.
  • Interferometers with only one semiconductor amplifier for example the generally known structures “UNI” and “SLALOM”, are particularly easy to implement and operate stably.
  • the overall most favorable structure shows the asymmetrical "delayed interference" interferometer, as described in OFC 2000, Postdeadline Paper PD17-1 to -17-3.
  • the semiconductor amplifier is not located inside the interferometer here, but in front of it. amplifier and asymmetric interferometer networks can therefore be easily made from different materials and optimized separately. Only for the semiconductor amplifier is polarization independence important.
  • this type of interferometer has the disadvantage that the controlled signal must always be a constant signal. Therefore, the conventional 3R regenerator can be used with the Decision makers as switches for the clock pulses do not have this favorable interferometric structure.
  • Th F7-1 / 93 to Th F7-3 / 93 describes a 3R regenerator with wavelength conversion, which in two separate function blocks realizes a 3R regeneration and a wavelength conversion to a DFB laser.
  • the arrangement described for the 3R regenerator has means for clock regeneration and a non-linear decision-maker and as a means for generating and / or setting a desired wavelength, a further non-linear functional element and a DFB laser. Because of the need for a second function block for the wavelength conversion, the solution described is technically complex and expensive.
  • the object of the invention is now to provide a 3R regenerator with adjustable output wavelength, i.e. Both the 3R regeneration and an adjustable wavelength conversion should be possible with one component.
  • the 3R regenerator should be able to be implemented with components that are technically less complex than in the prior art.
  • the means for generating and / or adjusting the output wavelength is an additional laser which is constantly operated with the means for the clock regeneration and for the decision maker and is connected to the decision maker and its light With the desired wavelength, it radiates that a delay line is arranged between the means for the clock regeneration and the decision maker, via which a pulse of the data signal via the optical delay line is delayed by about half a bit in the time gap between two pulses of the clock signal is, the pulses of the data and clock signal and the radiated constant signal to avoid interference have different wavelength or polarization or beam direction, and a means for adjusting the power of the data and clock pulses is arranged in front of the decision maker, via which these powers are adjusted so that both the effect on the non-linear decision maker is approximately the same as that of the decision maker is safely switchable.
  • the solution according to the invention with which both a 3R regeneration and a wavelength conversion can be implemented, only requires a constantly operated external laser of the new target wavelength in addition to the clock regenerator and the non-linear switch as a decision maker. These relatively simple lasers are manufactured in large numbers in the required wavelength pattern and are available at low cost. The wavelength-tunable lasers that are now available can also be used for the solution according to the invention. With these, the 3R regenerator according to the invention can then be adjusted to any desired
  • Output wavelength can be set.
  • such a combination of the timing of the data and clock pulses is realized in the decider element that the data pulses are delayed by about half a bit in the time gap between two clock pulses and are thus radiated into the decision element (alternating clock-data control).
  • Data and clock signals differ in wavelength or polarization or beam direction in the decision element so that interference is avoided and only the power of the data and clock pulses is combined (added).
  • the power of these pulses is realized by means of the power setting means so that their effect on the decision element is approximately the same, ie effects by different wavelengths or polarization or beam direction are largely compensated for by a suitable power setting.
  • the additional, constantly operated laser is a laser with a fixed wavelength or a laser which can be tuned in its wavelength and is monolithically integrated with the decision maker.
  • the nonlinear decision maker is a semiconductor amplifier, for example a semiconductor amplifier whose band gap is shifted so that it is largely transparent in the region of the controlled signal, or a saturable absorber or an electroabsorption waveguide or a nonlinear fiber or a nonlinear crystal ,
  • the non-linear decision maker with an interferometer which is operated, for example, asymmetrically delayed or operated differentially.
  • the output signal is inverted with respect to the logic. It is therefore provided in another embodiment that a two-stage arrangement is provided for resetting the inverted signals.
  • the invention is described in more detail in the following embodiment with reference to drawings.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically the structure of a 3R regenerator according to the invention with adjustable wavelength
  • Fig. 2 the pulse course of the signals before and after the decision maker.
  • the data signal DS is fed into the means for the clock regeneration 1, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • a delay line 3 is arranged between this 1 and the decision maker 2.
  • Also in front of the decision maker 2 is a means for setting the power 4 of the data DS and clock signals TS.
  • the decision maker 2 is connected to a constantly operated laser 5.
  • the data signal DS has "one" bits
  • an alternating activation by data DS and clock signal TS of the decision-maker 2 is realized by means of the delay line 3 mentioned, as can be seen from FIG. 2.
  • the means for power setting 4 of the data DS and clock signals TS then guarantees that an almost constant power level is set, thus the decision maker 2 is kept constantly in a defined state, small power fluctuations due to data degradation are intercepted by the threshold value function of the decision maker 2.
  • the decision maker 2 switches over to the other state.
  • re-timing and the shape of the switching function (re-shaping) only depend on the timing and shape of the adjacent clock pulses as well as the transmission form of the decision-maker 2 and are - up to certain limits - not affected by degradations (time jitter, amplitude fluctuations) of the data signal arrangement according to the invention realizes the re-timing and re-shaping function required for the 3R regeneration.
  • the transmission of the combined data clock signal DTS to this new wavelength, with which the output signal AS leaves the arrangement according to the invention.
  • the decision maker can be formed from very different elements with a non-linear function, i.e. not only components with a switch function can be used for the pulses.
  • any arrangement of a non-linear wavelength conversion can be expanded to a constant signal with the aid of the arrangement according to the invention to form a 3R regenerator with an adjustable output wavelength.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

The aim of the invention is to realize both 3R regeneration as well as an adjustable wavelength conversion with one component. The 3R regenerator should be constructed with components that are less technically complex than those of the prior art. In a 3R regenerator, which is provided with wavelength conversion and which comprises means for generating clock pulses, a non-linear discriminator, and means for generating and/or adjusting the output wavelength, the invention provides that the means for generating and/or adjusting the output wavelength is a laser. This laser, in addition to the means for generating clock pulses and to the discriminator, is constantly operated, is connected to the discriminator, and its light having the desired wavelength is beamed into the discriminator. A delay line is located between the means for generating clock pulses and the discriminator. One pulse at a time of the data signal, which is delayed over the optical delay line by approximately a half bit, is placed in the temporal gap between each two pulses of the clock signal. In order to prevent interferences, the pulses of the data signal and clock signal, and the emitted laser radiation have a different wavelength or polarization or beam direction. In addition, a means for adjusting the power of the data pulse and clock pulse is arranged before the discriminator, and is used to adjust these powers so that the action upon the non-linear discriminator is approximately equal whereby permitting the discriminator to be safely switched over.

Description

Bezeichnungdescription

3R Regenerator mit Wellenlängenumsetzung3R regenerator with wavelength conversion

Beschreibungdescription

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen 3R Regenerator mit Wellenlängenumsetzung, aufweisend Mittel für die Taktregeneration, einen nichtlinearen Entscheider und Mittel zur Erzeugung und/oder Einstellung der Ausgangswellenlange.The invention relates to a 3R regenerator with wavelength conversion, comprising means for clock regeneration, a non-linear decision maker and means for generating and / or adjusting the output wavelength.

Optische 3R Regeneration (Re-amplification/Amplitude des Signals; Re- shaping/Form des Signals; Re-timing/zeitliche Position des Signals) ist eine Schlüsselfunktion für transparente optische Datennetze. Die wichtigen Funktionsblöcke sind die Taktregeneration, die einen Strom von Lichtpulsen erzeugt, der zum Datensignal synchronisiert ist, und das Entscheiderelement, das eine annähernd digitale Schaltfunktion hat, um Rauschen und Signalpulse zu unterscheiden. Ein für die aktuellen WDM-Systeme (wavelength division multiplexing) weiterer wichtiger Parameter ist die Ausgangswellenlange des regenerierten Signals. Diese muss genau in das genormte Wellenlängenraster passen und sollte innerhalb von diesem möglichst frei wählbar sein.Optical 3R regeneration (re-amplification / amplitude of the signal; re-shaping / form of the signal; re-timing / temporal position of the signal) is a key function for transparent optical data networks. The important functional blocks are the clock regeneration, which generates a stream of light pulses, which is synchronized to the data signal, and the decision element, which has an almost digital switching function to distinguish noise and signal pulses. Another important parameter for current WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) systems is the output wavelength of the regenerated signal. This must fit exactly into the standardized wavelength grid and should be freely selectable within it.

Die Standardstruktur eines optischen 3R Regenerators benutzt als Entscheider-Element einen nichtlinearen optischen Schalter, der vom Datensignal angesteuert wird und die Taktpulse je nach „0" oder „1" Bit entweder abblockt oder passieren lässt (s. hierzu beispielsweise ECOC 2000, Munich, invited paper We 9.4.1 , Conf. Dig. We pp. 293-296). Das Re-timing und Re-shaping wird dadurch erreicht, dass das Schaltfenster zeitlich länger ist als die Taktpulse. Pulsform und zeitlicher Jitter im Datensignal übertragen sich so nicht auf Pulsform und Zeitlage des Ausgangssignals, das in Form und Zeitlage nur durch die Taktpulse beeinflusst wird. Auch die Wellenlänge des Ausgangssignals wird durch die Taktpulse bestimmt. Für jede Wellenlänge im Raster muss also ein spezieller Taktregenerator, der ein kompliziertes Bauelement ist, hergestellt werden oder es muss dem 3R Regenerator eine zusätzliche Wellenlängenumsetzung nachgeschaltet werden.The standard structure of an optical 3R regenerator uses a nonlinear optical switch as a decision element, which is controlled by the data signal and either blocks or allows the clock pulses to pass or pass depending on the "0" or "1" bit (see, for example, ECOC 2000, Munich, invited paper We 9.4.1, Conf. Dig. We pp. 293-296). Re-timing and re-shaping is achieved in that the switching window is longer in time than the clock pulses. The pulse shape and temporal jitter in the data signal are not transferred to the pulse shape and timing of the output signal and timing is only influenced by the clock pulses. The wavelength of the output signal is also determined by the clock pulses. For each wavelength in the grid, a special clock regenerator, which is a complex component, must be manufactured or an additional wavelength conversion must be added to the 3R regenerator.

In anderen 3R Regeneratoren werden digital schaltende Laser als Entscheider-Eklemente eingesetzt, wie beispielsweise in ELECTRONIC LETTERS 28th September 1989 Vol. 25 No. 20 pp. 1332-1333 und SPIE Vol. 2954, pp. 30-41 beschrieben. In diesem Fall definiert ein solcher Entscheider- Laser, der ebenfalls ein kompliziertes Bauelement darstellt, die Ausgangswellenlange des 3R Regenerators. Wieder muss entweder für jede Wellenlänge ein geeigneter Entscheider hergestellt werden oder es muss eine zusätzliche Wellenlängenumsetzung nachgeschaltet werden.In other 3R regenerators, digitally switching lasers are used as decision-making elements, such as in ELECTRONIC LETTERS 28 th September 1989 Vol. 25 No. 20 pp. 1332-1333 and SPIE Vol. 2954, pp. 30-41. In this case, such a decision-making laser, which is also a complicated component, defines the output wavelength of the 3R regenerator. Again, either a suitable decision maker has to be made for each wavelength or an additional wavelength conversion has to be added.

Dem Stand der Technik nach bekannt ist es auch, typischerweise interferometrische Strukturen mit Halbleiterverstärkern als nichtlineare Entscheider-Elemente einzusetzen. Besonders einfach zu realisieren und stabil zu betreiben sind Interferometer mit nur einem Halbleiterverstärker, z.B. die allgemein bekannten Strukturen „UNI" und „SLALOM". Die insgesamt günstigste Struktur zeigt dabei das asymmetrische „verzögerte Interferenz"- Interferometer, wie es in OFC 2000, Postdeadline Paper PD17-1 bis -17-3 beschrieben ist. Der Halbleiterverstärker befindet sich hier nicht innerhalb des Interferometers, sondern vor diesem. Halbleiteπ/erstärker und asymmetrisches Interferometer-Netzwerk können deshalb problemlos aus verschiedenen Materialien realisiert und getrennt optimiert werden. Nur für den Halbleiterverstärker ist hierbei Polarisationsunabhängigkeit wichtig. Neben den genannten Vorteilen weist dieser Interferometertyp aber den Nachteil auf, dass das gesteuerte Signal grundsätzlich ein konstantes Signal sein muss. Deshalb kann also der konventionelle 3R Regenerator mit dem Entscheider als Schalter für die Taktpulse nicht diese günstige interferometrische Struktur aufweisen.It is also known from the prior art to typically use interferometric structures with semiconductor amplifiers as non-linear decision-making elements. Interferometers with only one semiconductor amplifier, for example the generally known structures "UNI" and "SLALOM", are particularly easy to implement and operate stably. The overall most favorable structure shows the asymmetrical "delayed interference" interferometer, as described in OFC 2000, Postdeadline Paper PD17-1 to -17-3. The semiconductor amplifier is not located inside the interferometer here, but in front of it. amplifier and asymmetric interferometer networks can therefore be easily made from different materials and optimized separately. Only for the semiconductor amplifier is polarization independence important. In addition to the advantages mentioned, this type of interferometer has the disadvantage that the controlled signal must always be a constant signal. Therefore, the conventional 3R regenerator can be used with the Decision makers as switches for the clock pulses do not have this favorable interferometric structure.

In OFC, Technical Digest, Th F7-1/ 93 bis Th F7-3/ 93 ist ein 3R Regenerator mit Wellenlängenumsetzung beschrieben, der in zwei getrennten Funktionsblöcken zum einen eine 3R Regeneration und zum anderen eine Wellenlängenumsetzung auf einen DFB-Laser realisiert. Die beschriebene Anordnung weist für den 3R Regenerator Mittel für die Taktregeneration und einen nichtlinearen Entscheider und als Mittel zur Erzeugung und/oder Einstellung einer gewünschten Wellenlänge ein weiteres nichtlineares Funktionselement und einen DFB-Laser auf. Wegen der Notwendigkeit eines zweiten Funktionsblockes für die Wellenlängenumsetzung ist die beschriebene Lösung technisch aufwendig und teuer.OFC, Technical Digest, Th F7-1 / 93 to Th F7-3 / 93 describes a 3R regenerator with wavelength conversion, which in two separate function blocks realizes a 3R regeneration and a wavelength conversion to a DFB laser. The arrangement described for the 3R regenerator has means for clock regeneration and a non-linear decision-maker and as a means for generating and / or setting a desired wavelength, a further non-linear functional element and a DFB laser. Because of the need for a second function block for the wavelength conversion, the solution described is technically complex and expensive.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht nun darin, einen 3R Regenerator mit einstellbarer Ausgangswellenlange anzugeben, d.h. sowohl die 3R Regeneration als auch eine einstellbare Wellenlängenumsetzung soll mit einem Bauelement möglich sein. Der 3R Regenerator soll mit - im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik - technisch weniger aufwendigen Komponenten realisierbar sein.The object of the invention is now to provide a 3R regenerator with adjustable output wavelength, i.e. Both the 3R regeneration and an adjustable wavelength conversion should be possible with one component. The 3R regenerator should be able to be implemented with components that are technically less complex than in the prior art.

Die Aufgabe wird für einen 3R Regenerator der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass das Mittel zur Erzeugung und/oder Einstellung der Ausgangswellenlange ein zusätzlicher zum Mittel für die Taktregeneration und zum Entscheider konstant betriebener Laser ist, der mit dem Entscheider verbunden ist und sein Licht mit gewünschter Wellenlänge in diesen einstrahlt, dass zwischen dem Mittel für die Taktregeneration und dem Entscheider eine Verzögerungsleitung angeordnet ist, über die jeweils ein Puls des Datensignals über die optische Verzögerungsleitung um etwa ein halbes Bit verzögert in die zeitliche Lücke zwischen je zwei Pulse des Taktsignals gesetzt ist, wobei die Pulse des Daten- und Taktsignals und das eingestrahlte konstante Signal zur Vermeidung von Interferenzen unterschiedliche Wellenlänge oder Polarisation oder Strahlrichtung aufweisen, und ein Mittel zur Einstellung der Leistung der Daten- und Taktpulse vor dem Entscheider angeordnet ist, über das diese Leistungen so eingestellt sind, dass sowohl die Wirkung auf den nichtliearen Entscheider annähernd gleich ist, als auch der Entscheider sicher umschaltbar ist.The object is achieved according to the invention for a 3R regenerator of the type mentioned at the outset in that the means for generating and / or adjusting the output wavelength is an additional laser which is constantly operated with the means for the clock regeneration and for the decision maker and is connected to the decision maker and its light With the desired wavelength, it radiates that a delay line is arranged between the means for the clock regeneration and the decision maker, via which a pulse of the data signal via the optical delay line is delayed by about half a bit in the time gap between two pulses of the clock signal is, the pulses of the data and clock signal and the radiated constant signal to avoid interference have different wavelength or polarization or beam direction, and a means for adjusting the power of the data and clock pulses is arranged in front of the decision maker, via which these powers are adjusted so that both the effect on the non-linear decision maker is approximately the same as that of the decision maker is safely switchable.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung, mit der sowohl eine 3R Regeneration als auch eine Wellenlängenumsetzung realisiert werden kann, benötigt neben dem Taktregenerator und dem nichtlinearen Schalter als Entscheider lediglich noch einen konstant betriebenen externen Laser der neuen Zielwellenlänge. Diese relativ einfachen Laser werden in großer Zahl im benötigten Wellenlängenraster hergestellt und sind preisgünstig verfügbar. Auch die inzwischen verfügbaren wellenlängenabstimmbaren Laser sind für die erfindungsgemäße Lösung einsetzbar. Mit diesen kann dann der erfindungsgemäße 3R Regenerator auf jede gewünschteThe solution according to the invention, with which both a 3R regeneration and a wavelength conversion can be implemented, only requires a constantly operated external laser of the new target wavelength in addition to the clock regenerator and the non-linear switch as a decision maker. These relatively simple lasers are manufactured in large numbers in the required wavelength pattern and are available at low cost. The wavelength-tunable lasers that are now available can also be used for the solution according to the invention. With these, the 3R regenerator according to the invention can then be adjusted to any desired

Ausgangswellenlange eingestellt werden.Output wavelength can be set.

Mit der bereits erwähnten Verzögerungsleitung wird im Entscheider-Element eine solche Kombination der Zeitlage der Daten- und Taktpulse realisiert, dass die Datenpulse um etwa ein halbes Bit verzögert in die zeitliche Lücke zwischenjeweils zwei Taktpulse gesetzt und so in das Entscheider-Element eingestrahlt sind (alternierende Takt-Daten-Ansteuerung). Daten- und Taktsignal unterscheiden sich in Wellenlänge oder Polarisation oder Strahlrichtung in das Entscheider-Element, damit Interferenzen vermieden und lediglich die Leistung der Daten- und Taktpulse kombiniert (addiert) wird. Die Leistung dieser Pulse ist mittels der Mittel zur Leistungseinstellung so realisiert, dass ihre Wirkung auf das Entscheider-Element annähernd gleich ist, d.h. Effekte durch unterschiedliche Wellenlänge oder Polarisation oder Strahlrichtung sind über eine geeignete Leistungseinstellung damit weitgehend kompensiert. Diese Mittel zur Leistungseinstellung bewirken auch, dass bereits mit einem der Signale allein (Takt- oder Datensignal) die Entscheiderschwelle überschritten und die Entscheider funktion ausgelöst wird und dass die begrenzten kleineren Leistungsschwankungen durch Signaldegradationen die Auslösung der Entscheiderfunktion nicht beeinträchtigen. Im Entscheider-Element, in das der zusätzliche externe Laser sein konstantes Signal der gewünschten Ausgangswellenlange einstrahlt, erfolgt die Übertragung des kombinierten Daten-Takt-Signals auf diese neue Wellenlänge. Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung lässt sich mit im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik wenig aufwendigen Mitteln realisieren.With the delay line already mentioned, such a combination of the timing of the data and clock pulses is realized in the decider element that the data pulses are delayed by about half a bit in the time gap between two clock pulses and are thus radiated into the decision element (alternating clock-data control). Data and clock signals differ in wavelength or polarization or beam direction in the decision element so that interference is avoided and only the power of the data and clock pulses is combined (added). The power of these pulses is realized by means of the power setting means so that their effect on the decision element is approximately the same, ie effects by different wavelengths or polarization or beam direction are largely compensated for by a suitable power setting. These means for setting the power also mean that one of the signals alone (clock or data signal) exceeds the decision-maker threshold and triggers the decision-maker function and that the limited smaller power fluctuations due to signal degradations do not impair the triggering of the decision-making function. The combined data clock signal is transmitted to this new wavelength in the decision element into which the additional external laser radiates its constant signal of the desired output wavelength. The arrangement according to the invention can be implemented using means which are not very expensive in comparison with the prior art.

In Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der zusätzliche konstant betriebene Laser ein Laser mit fester Wellenlänge oder ein in seiner Wellenlänge abstimmbarer Laser und mit dem Entscheider monolithisch integriert ist.In embodiments of the invention it is provided that the additional, constantly operated laser is a laser with a fixed wavelength or a laser which can be tuned in its wavelength and is monolithically integrated with the decision maker.

In anderen Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ist der nichtlineare Entscheider ein Halbleiterverstärker, beispielsweise ein Halbleiterverstärker, dessen Bandlücke so verschoben ist, dass er im Bereich des gesteuerten Signals weitgehend transparent ist, oder ein sättigbarer Absorber oder ein Elektroabsorptions-Wellenleiter oder eine nichtlineare Faser oder ein nichtlinearer Kristall.In other embodiments of the invention, the nonlinear decision maker is a semiconductor amplifier, for example a semiconductor amplifier whose band gap is shifted so that it is largely transparent in the region of the controlled signal, or a saturable absorber or an electroabsorption waveguide or a nonlinear fiber or a nonlinear crystal ,

Zur Optimierung des Interferenzverhaltens ist vorgesehen, den nichtlinearen Entscheider mit einem Interferometer zu kombinieren, das beispielsweise asymmetrisch verzögert oder differentiell betrieben ist.To optimize the interference behavior, it is provided to combine the non-linear decision maker with an interferometer which is operated, for example, asymmetrically delayed or operated differentially.

In Kenntnis der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung kann das bereits erwähnte asymmetrische „verzögerte Interferenz" Interferometer, das eine günstige Struktur aufweist, nun auch Anwendung finden in der 3R Regeneration.Knowing the solution according to the invention, the already mentioned asymmetrical "delayed interference" interferometer, which has a favorable structure, can now also be used in 3R regeneration.

Im erfindungsgemäßen 3R Regenerator wird das Ausgangssignal bezüglich der Logik invertiert. Deshalb ist in einer anderen Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass eine zweistufige Anordnung für das Zurücksetzen der invertierten Signale vorgesehen ist. Die Erfindung wird im folgenden Ausführungsbeispiel anhand von Zeichnungen näher beschrieben.In the 3R regenerator according to the invention, the output signal is inverted with respect to the logic. It is therefore provided in another embodiment that a two-stage arrangement is provided for resetting the inverted signals. The invention is described in more detail in the following embodiment with reference to drawings.

Hierzu zeigen: Fig. 1 : schematisch den Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen 3R Regenerators mit einstellbarer Wellenlänge; Fig. 2: den Pulsverlauf der Signale vor und nach dem Entscheider.1 shows schematically the structure of a 3R regenerator according to the invention with adjustable wavelength; Fig. 2: the pulse course of the signals before and after the decision maker.

Das Datensignal DS wird in das Mittel für die Taktregeneration 1 eingespeist, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt. Zwischen diesem 1 und dem Entscheider 2 ist eine Verzögerungsleitung 3 angeordnet. Ebenfalls vor dem Entscheider 2 befindet sich ein Mittel zur Leistungseinstellung 4 der Daten- DS und Taktsignale TS. Der Entscheider 2 ist mit einem konstant betriebenen Laser 5 verbunden.The data signal DS is fed into the means for the clock regeneration 1, as shown in FIG. 1. A delay line 3 is arranged between this 1 and the decision maker 2. Also in front of the decision maker 2 is a means for setting the power 4 of the data DS and clock signals TS. The decision maker 2 is connected to a constantly operated laser 5.

Hat das Datensignal DS „Eins" Bits, so wird mittels der erwähnten Verzögerungsleitung 3 eine alternierende Ansteuerung durch Daten- DS und Taktsignal TS des Entscheiders 2 realisiert, wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich. Das Mittel zur Leistungseinstellung 4 der Daten- DS und Taktsignale TS garantiert dann, dass ein nahezu konstanter Leistungspegel eingestellt wird. Somit wird der Entscheider 2 konstant in einem definierten Zustand gehalten. Kleine Leistungsschwankungen durch Datendegradation werden durch die Schwellwert-Funktion des Entscheiders 2 abgefangen.If the data signal DS has "one" bits, an alternating activation by data DS and clock signal TS of the decision-maker 2 is realized by means of the delay line 3 mentioned, as can be seen from FIG. 2. The means for power setting 4 of the data DS and clock signals TS then guarantees that an almost constant power level is set, thus the decision maker 2 is kept constantly in a defined state, small power fluctuations due to data degradation are intercepted by the threshold value function of the decision maker 2.

Liegt eine „Null" im Datensignal DS vor, so fällt im kombinierten alternierenden Daten-Takt-Signal DTS die Leistung zwischen den zwei angrenzenden Taktpulsen TS unter die Entscheiderschwelle S ab, der Entscheider 2 schaltet in den anderen Zustand um. Der Zeitpunkt des Umschaltens (re-timing) und die Form der Schaltfunktion (re-shaping) hängen nur von der Zeitlage und Form der angrenzenden Taktpulse sowie der Übertragungsform des Entscheiders 2 ab und werden - bis zu gewissen Grenzen - nicht beeinträchtigt durch Degradationen (Zeit-Jitter, Amplitudenfluktuationen) des Datensignals. Damit wird in der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung die für die 3R Regeneration benötigte Re- timing- und Re-shaping-Funktion realisiert. In derselben Anordnung erfolgt im Entscheider-Element 2, in das der zusätzliche externe Laser 5 sein konstantes Signal der gewünschten Ausgangswellenlange einstrahlt, die Übertragung des kombinierten Daten-Takt-Signals DTS auf diese neue Wellenlänge, mit der das Ausgangssignal AS die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung verläßt.If there is a "zero" in the data signal DS, then in the combined alternating data clock signal DTS the power between the two adjacent clock pulses TS falls below the decision threshold S, the decision maker 2 switches over to the other state. re-timing) and the shape of the switching function (re-shaping) only depend on the timing and shape of the adjacent clock pulses as well as the transmission form of the decision-maker 2 and are - up to certain limits - not affected by degradations (time jitter, amplitude fluctuations) of the data signal arrangement according to the invention realizes the re-timing and re-shaping function required for the 3R regeneration. In the same arrangement, in the decision element 2, into which the additional external laser 5 radiates its constant signal of the desired output wavelength, the transmission of the combined data clock signal DTS to this new wavelength, with which the output signal AS leaves the arrangement according to the invention.

In der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung ensteht eine logische Invertierung der Daten, d.h. „Null" Bits werden in „Eins" Bits umgewandelt und umgekehrt. Die Möglichkeit zur Invertierung kann in einigen Anwendungen positiv genutzt oder durch eine zweistufige Anordnung zurückgesetzt werden.In the arrangement according to the invention, there is a logical inversion of the data, i.e. "Zero" bits are converted to "one" bits and vice versa. The possibility of inverting can be used positively in some applications or reset by a two-stage arrangement.

Bei Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung muss für Regeneratoren mit unterschiedlichen Ausgangswellenlängen nur ein Typ von Taktregenerator und ein Typ von Entscheider entwickelt werden. Die Ausgangswellenlange wird durch eine preiswerte Zusatzkomponente fest oder durch einen abstimmbaren Laser elektrisch variabel eingestellt.When using the solution according to the invention, only one type of clock regenerator and one type of decision maker need be developed for regenerators with different output wavelengths. The output wavelength is fixed by an inexpensive additional component or electrically variable by a tunable laser.

In der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung des 3R Regenerators mit einstellbarer Ausgangswellenlange kann der Entscheider aus sehr unterschiedlichen Elementen mit nichtlinearer Funktion gebildet sein, d.h. es sind nicht nur Komponenten mit einer Schalterfunktion für die Pulse einsetzbar. Im Prinzip kann jede Anordnung einer nichtlinearen Wellenlängenumsetzung auf ein konstantes Signal mit Hilfe der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung zu einem 3R Regenerator mit einstellbarer Ausgangswellenlange erweitert werden. In the arrangement of the 3R regenerator with adjustable output wavelength according to the invention, the decision maker can be formed from very different elements with a non-linear function, i.e. not only components with a switch function can be used for the pulses. In principle, any arrangement of a non-linear wavelength conversion can be expanded to a constant signal with the aid of the arrangement according to the invention to form a 3R regenerator with an adjustable output wavelength.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. 3R Regenerator mit Wellenlängenumsetzung, aufweisend Mittel für die Taktregeneration, einen nichtlinearen Entscheider und Mittel zur Erzeugung und/oder Einstellung der Ausgangswellenlange, dad u rch geken nzeich net, dass das Mittel zur Erzeugung und/oder Einstellung der Ausgangswellenlange ein zusätzlich zum Mittel für die Taktregeneration (1) und zum Entscheider (2) konstant betriebener Laser (5) ist, der mit dem Entscheider (2) verbunden ist und sein Licht mit der gewünschten Wellenlänge in diesen einstrahlt, zwischen dem Mittel für die Taktregeneration (1) und dem Entscheider (2) eine Verzögerungsleitung (3) angeordnet ist, über die jeweils ein Puls des Datensignals (DS) über die optische Verzögerungsleitung (3) um etwa ein halbes Bit verzögert in die zeitliche Lücke zwischen je zwei Pulse des Taktsignals (TS) gesetzt ist, wobei die Pulse des Daten- und Taktsignals (DS, TS) und das konstante Lasersignal zur Vermeidung von Interferenzen unterschiedliche Wellenlänge oder Polarisation oder Strahlrichtung aufweisen, und ein Mittel zur Einstellung der Leistung (4) der Daten- und Taktpulse (DS, TS) vor dem Entscheider (2) angeordnet ist, über das diese Leistungen so eingestellt sind, dass sowohl die Wirkung auf den nichtlinearen Entscheider (2) annähernd gleich ist, als auch der Entscheider (2) sicher umschaltbar ist.1. 3R regenerator with wavelength conversion, having means for the clock regeneration, a non-linear decision maker and means for generating and / or setting the output wavelength, so that the means for generating and / or setting the output wavelength is an additional to the means for the clock regeneration (1) and to the decision maker (2) is a constantly operated laser (5), which is connected to the decision maker (2) and radiates its light with the desired wavelength in it, between the means for the clock regeneration (1) and the Decision maker (2) a delay line (3) is arranged, via which a pulse of the data signal (DS) via the optical delay line (3) is delayed by about half a bit in the time gap between two pulses of the clock signal (TS) , the pulses of the data and clock signals (DS, TS) and the constant laser signal to avoid interference of different wavelengths or have polarization or beam direction, and a means for adjusting the power (4) of the data and clock pulses (DS, TS) is arranged in front of the decision maker (2), via which these powers are set such that both the effect on the nonlinear Decision maker (2) is approximately the same as the decision maker (2) can also be switched safely. 2. 3R Regenerator nach Anspruch 1 , d ad u rch geken nzeich net , dass der zusätzliche konstant betriebene Laser (5) ein Laser mit fester Wellenlänge ist. 2. 3R regenerator according to claim 1, d ad u rch geken nzeich net that the additional constantly operated laser (5) is a laser with a fixed wavelength. 3.3R Regenerator nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zusätzliche konstant betriebene Laser (5) ein in seiner Wellenlänge abstimmbarer Laser ist.3.3R regenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional constantly operated laser (5) is a wavelength tunable laser. 4.3R Regenerator nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zusätzliche konstant betriebene Laser (5) mit dem Entscheider (2) monolithisch integriert ist.4.3R regenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional constantly operated laser (5) with the decision maker (2) is monolithically integrated. 5.3R Regenerator nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der nichtlineare Entscheider (2) ein Halbleiterverstärker ist.5.3R regenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-linear decision maker (2) is a semiconductor amplifier. 6.3R Regenerator nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der nichtlineare Entscheider (2) ein Halbleiterverstärker ist, dessen Bandlücke so verschoben ist, dass er im Bereich des gesteuerten Signals weitgehend transparent ist.6.3R regenerator according to claim 5, characterized in that the non-linear decision maker (2) is a semiconductor amplifier whose band gap is shifted such that it is largely transparent in the area of the controlled signal. 7.3R Regenerator nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der nichtlineare Entscheider (2) ein sättigbarer Absorber ist.7.3R regenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-linear decision maker (2) is a saturable absorber. 8.3R Regenerator nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der nichtlineare Entscheider ein Elektroabsorptions-Wellenleiter ist.8.3R regenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-linear decision maker is an electro-absorption waveguide. 9.3R Regenerator nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der nichtlineare Entscheider (2) eine nichtlineare Faser ist. 9.3R regenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-linear decision maker (2) is a non-linear fiber. 10.3R Regenerator nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der nichtlineare Entscheider (2) ein nichtlinearer Kristall ist.10.3R regenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-linear decision maker (2) is a non-linear crystal. 11.3R Regenerator nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der nichtlineare Entscheider (2) kombiniert ist mit einem Interferometer.11.3R regenerator according to one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the non-linear decision maker (2) is combined with an interferometer. 12.3R Regenerator nach Anspruch 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Interferometer asymmetrisch verzögert ist.12.3R regenerator according to claim 11, characterized in that the interferometer is asymmetrically delayed. 13.3R Regenerator nach Anspruch 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Interferometer differentiell betrieben ist.13.3R regenerator according to claim 11, characterized in that the interferometer is operated differentially. 14.3R Regenerator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine zweistufige Anordnung für das Zurücksetzen der invertierten Signale vorgesehen ist. 14.3R regenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that a two-stage arrangement is provided for resetting the inverted signals.
EP02729867A 2001-04-10 2002-04-04 3r regenerator with wavelength conversion Withdrawn EP1378076A2 (en)

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US7590358B2 (en) * 2005-02-28 2009-09-15 Vladimir Grigoryan Optical regenerative amplifier for binary phase shift-keying signals

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