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EP1366280B1 - Power unit with reciprocating linear movement based on stirling motor, and method used in said power plant - Google Patents

Power unit with reciprocating linear movement based on stirling motor, and method used in said power plant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1366280B1
EP1366280B1 EP02711979A EP02711979A EP1366280B1 EP 1366280 B1 EP1366280 B1 EP 1366280B1 EP 02711979 A EP02711979 A EP 02711979A EP 02711979 A EP02711979 A EP 02711979A EP 1366280 B1 EP1366280 B1 EP 1366280B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
displacers
generator set
chamber
set according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP02711979A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1366280A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre Francois
Laurent Prevond
Georges Descombes
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CNAM Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers
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CNAM Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/0435—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines the engine being of the free piston type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
    • F02G2243/02—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having pistons and displacers in the same cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2280/00—Output delivery
    • F02G2280/10—Linear generators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an alternating linear motion generator based on a Stirling engine. It also relates to a method implemented in this generator.
  • the Stirling engine comprises a cylinder piston assembly enclosing a working fluid.
  • the fluid is brought into contact with a hot source and a cold source.
  • a displacer transfers the fluid to the cold source so that the pressure drops.
  • the engine piston compresses the fluid.
  • the cycle can then start again.
  • the document FR2510181 describes a generator comprising a Stirling engine consisting of a piston and a displacer. One end of the piston is connected to the engine closed chamber by means of a spring element. The electromagnetic elements are arranged on the piston and inside the chamber.
  • This document discloses also a Stirling engine consisting of two opposed pistons and enclosed in a first chamber, and a displacer locked in a second chamber, the two chambers communicating by means of a conduit which allows the flow of the working fluid between these two chambers.
  • the device taught in this document does not allow operation close to the Stirling cycle.
  • the spring elements used to secure the pistons weaken the device, and the piston heads must be provided with dampers to prevent a collision between them.
  • the speed regulation is particularly complex since it is done by mechanical means accessible from outside the group and by an electronic system.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a generator in which the motor element is composed of a Stirling type heat engine and the generator element of an electromagnetic assembly whose moving part is constituted by the piston and the displacer of the Stirling engine.
  • An object of the present invention is the realization of an autonomous generator capable of being embedded in an electric vehicle for example while ensuring energy savings compared to current electrical systems, robustness and cleanliness.
  • Another object of the invention is the production of a generator capable of producing a wide range of powers, from a few watts to a few thousand kilowatts.
  • a Stirling type thermal machine which is used for the generation of electrical energy and which comprises at least one linear reciprocating piston for producing electrical energy by electromagnetic coupling with fixed magnetic elements.
  • This machine further comprises at least two displacers arranged in a common chamber to the piston so that the displacer-piston assembly constitutes two Stirling engines operating in opposition.
  • the thermal part consists of the piston and displacers working in opposition.
  • the "motor” time of one corresponds to the "resistant” time of the other.
  • the fact of grouping in a single chamber the piston and the movers increases the robustness of the device.
  • This machine like the one described in GB 2.290.351 is a permanent magnet piston.
  • the invention proposes a generating unit for converting thermal energy into electrical energy based on a heat engine operating according to a Stirling cycle, comprising at least one linear reciprocating piston for producing electrical energy. by electromagnetic coupling with fixed magnetic elements, further comprising at least two displacers arranged in a chamber common to said piston so that the displacer-piston assembly constitutes two Stirling engines operating in opposition, characterized in that the assembly composed of the piston and the fixed magnetic elements constitutes an asynchronous generator, and in that the piston is made of a conductive non-magnetic material, the excitation of the generator creating in it induced currents ensuring magnetic levitation.
  • Such a structure has the advantage of allowing limited friction.
  • the material of the piston is preferably aluminum or an alloy.
  • the chamber is a completely closed enclosure without joint.
  • the working fluid, such as helium, enclosed in this chamber can therefore undergo significant pressures, favorable to the overall efficiency of the generator and its power density.
  • the envelope of this chamber is permeable to the magnetic field, it withstands high pressures, for example 80 bar, and maximum engine temperatures of up to 650 ° C.
  • the design of this engine is such that it allows operation without periodic maintenance, the only movable elements, pistons and displacers that can be greased for life.
  • the document FR2510181 of the prior art describes a generator whose pistons do not work in opposition.
  • the pistons of the prior art have the same "motor” time and are recalled by a spring device.
  • the assembly composed of the piston and the fixed magnetic elements constitutes an asynchronous generator.
  • the electrical part is completely integrated with the thermal part.
  • the magnetic elements can be arranged along the chamber so that the reciprocating linear movement of the displacers also contributes to the production of electrical energy.
  • the piston and the displacers are the rotors of the electric generator.
  • Both movers can be rigidly linked. But, preferably, they are independent relative to each other, it allows to operate the engine according to the theoretical cycle of Stirling.
  • the two movers are free in movement vis-à-vis the chamber, unlike the systems of the prior art in which one uses return springs.
  • the generator set according to the invention may further comprise electromagnetic means integral with the chamber for controlling the movement of the displacers by electromagnetic coupling. Since the displacers are thus controlled as actuators, it is possible to generate a thermal cycle very close to the theoretical Stirling cycle.
  • the driving can be done by half of race on each of the movers, in the opposite case, the driving is done on all the race of each one of them.
  • the electromagnetic means may be arranged inside or outside the chamber.
  • the generating set further comprises a second piston, the two pistons thus obtained being rigidly connected and arranged on either side of the two displacers.
  • This arrangement makes it possible to have a double electric generator disposed towards the ends of the engine, for example in the form of a cylinder, in areas that are easy to cool.
  • heating means for supplying heat to the Stirling engine are arranged on a central zone of the cylinder.
  • each piston may comprise a plurality of concentric hollow cylinders interconnected by one end. These cylinders are intended to slide in other concentric hollow cylinders with fixed magnetic elements and arranged inside the chamber.
  • the generating set may comprise a Stirling heat engine, for example in the form of a cylinder, such that heating means for supplying heat to this engine are arranged on the bases of the engine. cylinder, at the ends.
  • cooling means may be arranged outside the chamber or consist of a circulation of a fluid in tubes passing through this chamber.
  • the displacement of the displacers is substantially twice the stroke of the piston.
  • other more important reports can be considered.
  • a method for converting thermal energy into electrical energy by means of a generator we drive two movers arranged in a Stirling engine chamber and comprising at least one piston so that the displacer-piston assembly operates as two Stirling engines in opposition.
  • a phase shift substantially equal to forty five degrees in the relative movement between the displacers and the piston.
  • the displacers are able to regenerate the working fluid contained in the chamber in order to allow the exchange of heat.
  • the body itself of the movers plays the role of regenerator.
  • external regenerators in the form of a deflection duct.
  • the type A structure illustrated in Figure 1 comprises a working chamber 9 in cylindrical shape of circular or square section.
  • the driving element of the generating set is composed of a piston 1 of cylindrical shape and having a hole in its center, and on the other hand of two displacers 2 and 3 in cylindrical form interconnected by a rigid means 11. This means is slidable in the hole of the piston 1.
  • the displacers 2 and 3 are arranged on either side of the piston 1.
  • the piston and displacers are enclosed in the chamber 9 so that the volume remaining in this chamber is filled by a fluid 8 such as helium.
  • the motor element is equivalent to two opposed Stirling engines whose heat inputs 10 are on the ends.
  • Cooling means 7 such as radiators can maintain a temperature between 80 and 100 ° C in two areas near the center of the engine. Heat gains and cooling radiators are located outside the chamber. The inside of the cylindrical chamber contains only the piston 1, the displacers 2 and 3 and the working fluid 8.
  • the outer central zone of the chamber is provided with a set of magnetic elements 6 such as windings forming the stator part of the electrical generator whose rotor is constituted by the piston.
  • the windings 6 are integrated in a cylinder head 12 fixed to the central zone of the chamber.
  • the windings are connected to electrical means not shown to produce electrical energy.
  • electromagnetic means 5 such as windings on the side areas of the chamber near the ends. These windings 5 are integrated in blocks 4 in the form of a ring.
  • the driving of the movers is done by half of race on each of the displacer. We control the entire stroke of the movers since they are rigidly connected.
  • FIG. 2 shows a type B structure in which the chamber 23 comprises a ring 24 hollowed out in the central zone in order to dispose of the heating means 13.
  • the engine comprises two pistons 14 and 15 rigidly connected by a link 16 These pistons are arranged on either side of two displacers 20 and 21 also rigidly connected by means of the link 22.
  • the displacer-link assembly 20, 21 and 22 comprises a central channel in which the means of connection 16 of the pistons.
  • the magnetic elements 17a and 17b forming the stator of the electric generator are constituted by two rings disposed at the ends of the chamber in coupling with the pistons 14 and 15.
  • the electromagnetic means 18a and 18b of driving the displacers are constituted by two rings disposed on either side of the heating means 13.
  • the radiators 19a and 19b also constitute two rings disposed between the magnetic elements 17a and 17b and the electromagnetic control means 18a and 18b.
  • This structure makes it possible to have two electric generators (14, 17a, 15, 17b) close to the areas easy to cool.
  • This structure can also be broken down into several variants in which the rigid connection 22 is suppressed, the electromagnetic piloting means 18a and 18b are enlarged over the complete travel of the displacers and the radiators 19a and 19b can be replaced by a circulation of liquid in the breech.
  • the type C structure in Fig. 3 comprises a cylinder-shaped chamber of square section.
  • This chamber comprises two cylinders of square section, open and concentric 26 and 27. These cylinders are arranged inside the chamber 25 and each fixed to a base of this chamber.
  • the side walls of these two cylinders comprise electromagnetic means 36 and 37 for driving two displacers 32 and 33 sliding inside the two cylinders.
  • the heating means 28 and 29 are arranged at each end of the chamber 25.
  • the cooling is done by circulating a liquid in tubes 34 and 35 passing through the chamber 25.
  • the piston 30 is in the shape of a large "H" "lying whose bond is arranged between the cylinders 26 and 27.
  • the stator part of the electric generator is constituted by magnetic windings 31 arranged along two side walls of the chamber 25.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a type D structure comprising two concentric cylinders 38 and 39.
  • the inner cylinder 39 comprises all the electromagnetic components 45, 46 and 47 serving respectively as stator for the electric generator and control means for the displacers 41 and 42
  • Other windings 51 serving as a stator are arranged outside the outer cylinder 38 on a central zone.
  • the piston 40 and the two movers move in the outer cylinder 38 serving as a working chamber.
  • the two displacers 41 and 42 are connected by several rigid connection means 43, 44 sliding in channels inside the piston 40.
  • Radiators 49 and 50 are arranged outside the working chamber 38 on the other side. Other windings 51. Heating means are placed at the ends of the working chamber 38.
  • the type E structure illustrated in Figure 5 is similar to the D type structure, but with heating means 52 provided in the center of the engine.
  • the connecting means 55a, 55b, 55c and 55d slide on interior of a connecting means 58 of the two displacers.
  • the stator windings 59, 60, 61 and 62 are provided near the ends of the motor, which facilitates cooling and increases the efficiency of the electric generator.
  • the pistons have their stroke cushioned by an air mattress.
  • FIG. 6 shows two radial sections of the type E structure.
  • the section A is made along a plane passing through the piston 53.
  • the section B is made in a plane passing through the displacer 57.
  • FIG. 7 shows in detail, in a simplified sectional view, a variant of a piston of the type E structure.
  • the chamber is formed by two concentric cylinders 63 and 67.
  • the inner concentric cylinder 67 is hollow.
  • the ends of the chamber include on the inner face projections 65 regularly spaced in the form of concentric hollow cylinders. These projections contain magnetic elements or windings 66 forming the stator of the asynchronous generator.
  • the rotor portion is formed by a plurality of concentric hollow cylinders 64 which interlock in the free space between the projections 65.
  • the sectional view thus shows two nested rakes.
  • the rotor 64 is made of conductive non-magnetic material such as aluminum.
  • the excitation of the asynchronous generator makes it possible to create currents induced in the rotor. These currents create repulsive forces resulting in a magnetic lift of the rotor 64 in the free space between the projections 65, which substantially reduces the friction during the reciprocating movement of the pistons.
  • the surfaces of the projections 65 may include centering and guide means useful only when starting the generator.
  • FIG. 8 represents a radial section of a piston of the type E structure of FIG. 7. This radial section shows the concentric pistons 64.
  • the magnetic elements 62 are arranged on the side blanks, the electromagnetic generation is therefore in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the mechanical (or thermal) generation that is parallel to the axis of movement of the pistons. Knowing that the electromagnetic force is approximately ten times lower than the mechanical stress, the fact of exploding the piston in a plurality of concentric cylinders, as seen in FIG. 7, makes it possible to substantially increase the surface of the electromagnetic exchanges. .
  • the present invention thus relates to an assembly equivalent to two Stirling engines working in opposition, acting on the same piston or piston split, in the same room of work.
  • the displacer is electromagnetically managed as an actuator.
  • the generator set according to the invention intended for the production of electricity in autonomous mode, can be fixed or on-board, in particular, it is designed to be able to supply electricity, hybrid electric vehicles, but also, to solve all problem of electricity production in stand-alone mode with the implementation of co-generation or tri-generation systems.
  • This device also makes it possible to solve the problem of storage of electrical energy (batteries) and to design electric vehicles offering a reduction of consumption and a reduction of pollutant emissions compared with conventional thermal engine vehicles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
  • Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a reciprocating linear movement power unit. The powering element consists of a Stirling heat engine and the generator consists of a piston ( 1 ) and displacers ( 2,3 ) of the heat engine acting as rotors and fixed electromagnetic elements ( 6 ) acting as stator. The Stirling engine comprises in a single working chamber ( 9 ) at least a piston ( 1 ) and two displacers ( 2,3 ) such that the assembly is equivalent to two engines working in opposition. The power stroke of one corresponds to the resisting stroke of the other. Preferably, the generator is of the asynchronous type, but it can consist of synchronous assemblies, with variable reluctance or with permanent magnets.

Description

La présente invention concerne un groupe électrogène à mouvement linéaire alternatif à base de moteur Stirling. Elle concerne également un procédé mis en oeuvre dans ce groupe électrogène.The present invention relates to an alternating linear motion generator based on a Stirling engine. It also relates to a method implemented in this generator.

D'une façon générale, le moteur Stirling comporte un ensemble piston cylindre renfermant un fluide de travail. Alternativement, le fluide est mis en contact avec une source chaude et une source froide. Lors du réchauffement du fluide, la pression augmente en poussant le piston moteur, puis un déplaceur transfert le fluide vers la source froide de sorte que la pression baisse. Comme la pression baisse, le piston moteur comprime le fluide. Le cycle peut alors recommencer. On peut alors utiliser le mouvement linéaire alternatif opéré par le piston pour produire de l'électricité en mode autonome.In general, the Stirling engine comprises a cylinder piston assembly enclosing a working fluid. Alternatively, the fluid is brought into contact with a hot source and a cold source. When the fluid warms, the pressure increases by pushing the motor piston, then a displacer transfers the fluid to the cold source so that the pressure drops. As the pressure drops, the engine piston compresses the fluid. The cycle can then start again. One can then use the reciprocating linear motion operated by the piston to produce electricity in autonomous mode.

Dans l'état de la technique, le document US4649283 décrit le principe d'un générateur composé d'un moteur Stirling sur lequel sont disposés des éléments électromagnétiques créant de l'énergie électrique par déplacement linéaire alternatif de deux pistons reliés entre eux et avec la chambre du moteur Stirling au moyen de ressorts.In the state of the art, the document US4649283 describes the principle of a generator consisting of a Stirling engine on which are arranged electromagnetic elements creating electrical energy by linear displacement of two pistons interconnected and with the chamber of the Stirling engine by means of springs.

Le document FR2510181 décrit un groupe électrogène comprenant un moteur Stirling composé d'un piston et d'un déplaceur. Une extrémité du piston est connectée à la chambre close du moteur au moyen d'un élément ressort. Les éléments électromagnétiques sont disposés sur le piston et à l'intérieur de la chambre. Ce document divulgue également un moteur Stirling composé de deux pistons en opposition et enfermés dans une première chambre, et un déplaceur enfermé dans une seconde chambre, les deux chambres communicant au moyen d'un conduit qui permet l'écoulement du fluide de travail entre ces deux chambres. Le dispositif enseigné dans ce document ne permet pas un fonctionnement proche du cycle de Stirling. En outre, les éléments ressorts utilisés pour solidariser les pistons viennent fragiliser le dispositif, et les têtes des pistons doivent être munies d'amortisseurs afin d'éviter une collision entre elles. Par ailleurs, la régulation de régime est particulièrement complexe puisqu'elle se fait par des moyens mécaniques accessibles de l'extérieur du groupe et par un système électronique.The document FR2510181 describes a generator comprising a Stirling engine consisting of a piston and a displacer. One end of the piston is connected to the engine closed chamber by means of a spring element. The electromagnetic elements are arranged on the piston and inside the chamber. This document discloses also a Stirling engine consisting of two opposed pistons and enclosed in a first chamber, and a displacer locked in a second chamber, the two chambers communicating by means of a conduit which allows the flow of the working fluid between these two chambers. The device taught in this document does not allow operation close to the Stirling cycle. In addition, the spring elements used to secure the pistons weaken the device, and the piston heads must be provided with dampers to prevent a collision between them. Moreover, the speed regulation is particularly complex since it is done by mechanical means accessible from outside the group and by an electronic system.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients précités en proposant un groupe électrogène dans lequel l'élément moteur est composé d'un moteur thermique de type Stirling et l'élément générateur d'un ensemble électromagnétique dont la partie en mouvement est constituée par le piston et le déplaceur du moteur Stirling.The present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a generator in which the motor element is composed of a Stirling type heat engine and the generator element of an electromagnetic assembly whose moving part is constituted by the piston and the displacer of the Stirling engine.

Un but de la présente invention est la réalisation d'un groupe électrogène autonome apte à être embarqué dans un véhicule électrique par exemple tout en garantissant une économie d'énergie par rapport aux systèmes électriques actuels, une robustesse et une propreté certaine.An object of the present invention is the realization of an autonomous generator capable of being embedded in an electric vehicle for example while ensuring energy savings compared to current electrical systems, robustness and cleanliness.

Un autre but de l'invention est la réalisation d'un groupe électrogène apte à produire une large gamme de puissances, de quelques watts à quelques milliers de kilowatts.Another object of the invention is the production of a generator capable of producing a wide range of powers, from a few watts to a few thousand kilowatts.

On connaît déjà par le document FR 1407682 une machine thermique de type Stirling qui est utilisée pour la génération d'énergie électrique et qui comprend au moins un piston en mouvement linéaire alternatif pour produire de l'énergie électrique par couplage électromagnétique avec des éléments magnétiques fixes. Cette machine comprend en outre au moins deux déplaceurs disposés dans une chambre commune au piston de sorte que l'ensemble déplaceurs-piston constitue deux moteurs de type Stirling fonctionnant en opposition.We already know from the document FR 1407682 a Stirling type thermal machine which is used for the generation of electrical energy and which comprises at least one linear reciprocating piston for producing electrical energy by electromagnetic coupling with fixed magnetic elements. This machine further comprises at least two displacers arranged in a common chamber to the piston so that the displacer-piston assembly constitutes two Stirling engines operating in opposition.

Avec un tel dispositif, la partie thermique est constituée du piston et des déplaceurs travaillant en opposition. Le temps "moteur" de l'un correspond au temps "résistant" de l'autre. On obtient l'équivalent de deux moteurs Stirling en opposition. Il en résulte une capacité de production d'une large gamme de puissances allant de quelques watts à quelques milliers de kilowatts. En outre, le fait de regrouper dans une seule chambre le piston et les déplaceurs augmente la robustesse du dispositif.With such a device, the thermal part consists of the piston and displacers working in opposition. The "motor" time of one corresponds to the "resistant" time of the other. We get the equivalent of two Stirling engines in opposition. This results in a production capacity of a wide range of powers ranging from a few watts to a few thousand kilowatts. In addition, the fact of grouping in a single chamber the piston and the movers increases the robustness of the device.

Cette machine, comme celle décrite dans GB 2.290.351 , est à piston à aimants permanents.This machine, like the one described in GB 2.290.351 is a permanent magnet piston.

L'invention propose quant à elle un groupe électrogène pour convertir de l'énergie thermique en énergie électrique à base d'un moteur thermique fonctionnant selon un cycle de Stirling, comprenant au moins un piston en mouvement linéaire alternatif pour produire de l'énergie électrique par couplage électromagnétique avec des éléments magnétiques fixes, comprenant en outre au moins deux déplaceurs disposés dans une chambre commune au dit piston de sorte que l'ensemble déplaceurs-piston constitue deux moteurs de type Stirling fonctionnant en opposition, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble composé du piston et des éléments magnétiques fixes constitue un générateur asynchrone, et en ce que le piston est en un matériau amagnétique conducteur, l'excitation du générateur créant dans celui-ci des courants induits assurant la sustentation magnétique. Une telle structure a l'avantage de permettre des frottements limités.The invention proposes a generating unit for converting thermal energy into electrical energy based on a heat engine operating according to a Stirling cycle, comprising at least one linear reciprocating piston for producing electrical energy. by electromagnetic coupling with fixed magnetic elements, further comprising at least two displacers arranged in a chamber common to said piston so that the displacer-piston assembly constitutes two Stirling engines operating in opposition, characterized in that the assembly composed of the piston and the fixed magnetic elements constitutes an asynchronous generator, and in that the piston is made of a conductive non-magnetic material, the excitation of the generator creating in it induced currents ensuring magnetic levitation. Such a structure has the advantage of allowing limited friction.

Avec une telle structure, le matériau du piston est avantageusement de l'aluminium ou un alliage.With such a structure, the material of the piston is preferably aluminum or an alloy.

De préférence, la chambre est une enceinte complètement close sans joint. Le fluide de travail, tel que l'hélium, renfermé dans cette chambre peut donc subir des pressions importantes, favorables au rendement global du groupe électrogène et à sa puissance massique. Avantageusement, l'enveloppe de cette chambre est perméable au champ magnétique, elle supporte des fortes pressions, par exemple 80 bars, ainsi que des températures maximum du moteur pouvant atteindre les 650°C. La conception de ce moteur est telle qu'elle permet un fonctionnement sans maintenance périodique, les seuls éléments mobiles, pistons et déplaceurs pouvant être graissés à vie.Preferably, the chamber is a completely closed enclosure without joint. The working fluid, such as helium, enclosed in this chamber can therefore undergo significant pressures, favorable to the overall efficiency of the generator and its power density. Advantageously, the envelope of this chamber is permeable to the magnetic field, it withstands high pressures, for example 80 bar, and maximum engine temperatures of up to 650 ° C. The design of this engine is such that it allows operation without periodic maintenance, the only movable elements, pistons and displacers that can be greased for life.

Le document FR2510181 de l'art antérieur décrit un groupe électrogène dont les pistons ne travaillent pas en opposition. Les pistons de l'art antérieur ont le même temps "moteur" et sont rappelés par un dispositif à ressorts.The document FR2510181 of the prior art describes a generator whose pistons do not work in opposition. The pistons of the prior art have the same "motor" time and are recalled by a spring device.

L'ensemble composé du piston et des éléments magnétiques fixes constitue un générateur asynchrone. Cependant, l'homme du métier comprendra aisément que tout type de générateur électrique synchrone ou asynchrone, à réluctance variable, à aimants permanents ou à commutation de flux, peut être utilisé. Selon l'invention, la partie électrique est complètement intégrée à la partie thermique. Les éléments magnétiques peuvent être disposés le long de la chambre de sorte que le mouvement linéaire alternatif des déplaceurs contribu également à la production de l'énergie électrique. Le piston et les déplaceurs sont les rotors du générateur électrique.The assembly composed of the piston and the fixed magnetic elements constitutes an asynchronous generator. However, those skilled in the art will readily understand that any type of synchronous or asynchronous, variable reluctance, permanent magnet, or flux-commutated electrical generator may be used. According to the invention, the electrical part is completely integrated with the thermal part. The magnetic elements can be arranged along the chamber so that the reciprocating linear movement of the displacers also contributes to the production of electrical energy. The piston and the displacers are the rotors of the electric generator.

Les deux déplaceurs peuvent être liés de façon rigide. Mais, de préférence, ils sont indépendants l'un par rapport à l'autre, cela permet de faire fonctionner le moteur selon le cycle théorique de Stirling.Both movers can be rigidly linked. But, preferably, they are independent relative to each other, it allows to operate the engine according to the theoretical cycle of Stirling.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, les deux déplaceurs sont libres en mouvement vis-à-vis de la chambre, contrairement aux systèmes de l'art antérieur dans lesquels on utilise des ressorts de rappel.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the two movers are free in movement vis-à-vis the chamber, unlike the systems of the prior art in which one uses return springs.

Le groupe électrogène selon l'invention peut en outre comprendre des moyens électromagnétiques solidaires de la chambre pour piloter le mouvement des déplaceurs par couplage électromagnétique. Les déplaceurs étant ainsi pilotés comme des actionneurs, on peut engendrer un cycle thermique très proche du cycle Stirling théorique. Lorsque les deux déplaceurs sont liés, le pilotage peut se faire par moitié de course sur chacun des déplaceurs, dans le cas contraire, le pilotage se fait sur toute la course de chacun d'eux.The generator set according to the invention may further comprise electromagnetic means integral with the chamber for controlling the movement of the displacers by electromagnetic coupling. Since the displacers are thus controlled as actuators, it is possible to generate a thermal cycle very close to the theoretical Stirling cycle. When the two movers are linked, the driving can be done by half of race on each of the movers, in the opposite case, the driving is done on all the race of each one of them.

Les moyens électromagnétiques peuvent être disposés à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur de la chambre.The electromagnetic means may be arranged inside or outside the chamber.

Selon un mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, le groupe électrogène comprend en outre un second piston, les deux pistons ainsi obtenus étant reliés de façon rigide et disposés de part et d'autre des deux déplaceurs. Cette disposition permet de disposer d'un double générateur électrique disposé vers les extrémités du moteur, par exemple en forme de cylindre, dans des zones faciles à refroidir. Par ailleurs, des moyens de chauffage pour apporter de la chaleur au moteur Stirling sont disposés sur une zone centrale du cylindre. Selon une variante avantageuse de l'invention, toujours dans le cadre de deux pistons reliés par un moyen rigide, chaque piston peut comprendre une pluralité de cylindres creux concentriques reliés entre eux par une extrémité. Ces cylindres sont destinés à coulisser dans d'autres cylindres creux concentriques dotés d'éléments magnétiques fixes et disposés à l'intérieur de la chambre.According to one embodiment of the invention, the generating set further comprises a second piston, the two pistons thus obtained being rigidly connected and arranged on either side of the two displacers. This arrangement makes it possible to have a double electric generator disposed towards the ends of the engine, for example in the form of a cylinder, in areas that are easy to cool. In addition, heating means for supplying heat to the Stirling engine are arranged on a central zone of the cylinder. According to an advantageous variant of the invention, still in the context of two pistons connected by a rigid means, each piston may comprise a plurality of concentric hollow cylinders interconnected by one end. These cylinders are intended to slide in other concentric hollow cylinders with fixed magnetic elements and arranged inside the chamber.

Selon un autre mode de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, le groupe électrogène peut comprendre un moteur thermique Stirling, par exemple en forme de cylindre, tel que des moyens de chauffage pour apporter de la chaleur à ce moteur sont disposés sur les bases du cylindre, aux extrémités. Dans ce cas, des moyens de refroidissement peuvent être disposés à l'extérieur de la chambre ou alors consister en une circulation d'un fluide dans des tubes traversant cette chambre.According to another embodiment of the invention, the generating set may comprise a Stirling heat engine, for example in the form of a cylinder, such that heating means for supplying heat to this engine are arranged on the bases of the engine. cylinder, at the ends. In this case, cooling means may be arranged outside the chamber or consist of a circulation of a fluid in tubes passing through this chamber.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la course des déplaceurs est sensiblement le double de la course du piston. Cependant d'autres rapports plus importants peuvent être envisagés.According to one characteristic of the invention, the displacement of the displacers is substantially twice the stroke of the piston. However other more important reports can be considered.

Suivant un autre aspect de l'invention, il est proposé un procédé pour convertir de l'énergie thermique en énergie électrique au moyen d'un groupe électrogène. Pour ce faire, on pilote deux déplaceurs disposés dans une chambre formant moteur thermique Stirling et comprenant au moins un piston de sorte que l'ensemble déplaceurs-piston fonctionne comme deux moteurs Stirling en opposition. Avantageusement, on peut introduire un déphasage sensiblement égal à quarante cinq degrés dans le mouvement relatif entre les déplaceurs et le piston.According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for converting thermal energy into electrical energy by means of a generator. To do this, we drive two movers arranged in a Stirling engine chamber and comprising at least one piston so that the displacer-piston assembly operates as two Stirling engines in opposition. Advantageously, it is possible to introduce a phase shift substantially equal to forty five degrees in the relative movement between the displacers and the piston.

De préférence, les déplaceurs sont aptes à régénérer le fluide de travail contenu dans la chambre afin de permettre l'échange de chaleur. Le corps même des déplaceurs joue le rôle de régénérateur. Cependant, on peut convenablement envisager la réalisation de régénérateurs extérieurs sous forme de conduit de déviation.Preferably, the displacers are able to regenerate the working fluid contained in the chamber in order to allow the exchange of heat. The body itself of the movers plays the role of regenerator. However, it is possible to envisage the realization of external regenerators in the form of a deflection duct.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront à l'examen de la description détaillée d'un mode de mise en oeuvre nullement limitatif, et des dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe structurelle d'un groupe électrogène selon l'invention réalisé selon une structure de type A dans laquelle l'apport de chaleur se fait aux extrémités du moteur et les déplaceurs sont de chaque côté du piston;
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe structurelle d'un groupe électrogène selon l'invention réalisé selon une structure de type B dans laquelle l'apport de chaleur se fait au centre d'un moteur à deux pistons;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe structurelle d'un groupe électrogène selon l'invention réalisé selon une structure de type C dans laquelle le moteur comporte deux enveloppes concentriques, le piston étant en forme de I;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe structurelle d'un groupe électrogène selon l'invention réalisé selon une structure de type D dans laquelle le moteur comporte deux cylindres concentriques;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe structurelle d'un groupe électrogène selon l'invention réalisé selon une structure de type E avec apport de chaleur au centre du moteur;
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe structurelle d'un groupe électrogène selon la structure E;
  • la figure 7 est une vue en coupe détaillée d'un piston pour une structure de type E; et
  • la figure 8 est une vue en coupe radiale au niveau des pistons de la structure représentée sur la figure 7.
Other advantages and features of the invention will appear on examining the detailed description of an embodiment which is in no way limitative, and the appended drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a structural sectional view of a generator according to the invention made according to a type of structure in which the heat input is at the ends of the engine and the movers are on each side of the piston;
  • Figure 2 is a structural sectional view of a generator according to the invention made according to a type B structure in which the heat input is in the center of a two-piston engine;
  • Figure 3 is a structural sectional view of a generator according to the invention made according to a type C structure in which the engine comprises two concentric envelopes, the piston being I-shaped;
  • Figure 4 is a structural sectional view of a generator according to the invention made according to a type D structure in which the engine comprises two concentric cylinders;
  • Figure 5 is a structural sectional view of a generator according to the invention made according to a type E structure with heat input to the center of the engine;
  • Figure 6 is a structural sectional view of a generator according to the structure E;
  • Figure 7 is a detailed sectional view of a piston for a type E structure; and
  • FIG. 8 is a radial sectional view at the level of the pistons of the structure represented in FIG. 7.

On va maintenant décrire différentes structures de groupes électrogènes selon l'invention.Various structures of generating sets according to the invention will now be described.

La structure de type A illustrée sur la figure 1 comprend une chambre de travail 9 en forme cylindrique de section circulaire ou carrée. L'élément moteur du groupe électrogène est composé d'une part d'un piston 1 de forme cylindrique et troué en son centre, et d'une autre part de deux déplaceurs 2 et 3 en forme cylindrique reliés entre eux par un moyen rigide 11. Ce moyen est apte à coulisser dans le trou du piston 1. Ainsi, les déplaceurs 2 et 3 sont disposés de part et d'autre du piston 1. Le piston et les déplaceurs sont enfermés dans la chambre 9 de telle sorte le volume restant dans cette chambre est rempli par un fluide 8 tel que l'hélium. L'élément moteur est équivalent à deux moteurs Stirling en opposition dont les apports de chaleur 10 se font sur les extrémités. Ces apports de chaleur, par exemple provenant d'une chaudière à gaz, permettent d'atteindre une température de l'ordre de 650°C. Des moyens de refroidissement 7 tels que des radiateurs permettent de maintenir une température entre 80 et 100°C sur deux zones proches du centre du moteur. Les apports de chaleur et les radiateurs de refroidissement sont situés à l'extérieur de la chambre. L'intérieur de la chambre cylindrique ne renferme que le piston 1, les déplaceurs 2 et 3 et le fluide de travail 8.The type A structure illustrated in Figure 1 comprises a working chamber 9 in cylindrical shape of circular or square section. The driving element of the generating set is composed of a piston 1 of cylindrical shape and having a hole in its center, and on the other hand of two displacers 2 and 3 in cylindrical form interconnected by a rigid means 11. This means is slidable in the hole of the piston 1. Thus, the displacers 2 and 3 are arranged on either side of the piston 1. The piston and displacers are enclosed in the chamber 9 so that the volume remaining in this chamber is filled by a fluid 8 such as helium. The motor element is equivalent to two opposed Stirling engines whose heat inputs 10 are on the ends. These heat inputs, for example from a gas boiler, allow to reach a temperature of the order of 650 ° C. Cooling means 7 such as radiators can maintain a temperature between 80 and 100 ° C in two areas near the center of the engine. Heat gains and cooling radiators are located outside the chamber. The inside of the cylindrical chamber contains only the piston 1, the displacers 2 and 3 and the working fluid 8.

La zone centrale extérieure de la chambre est munie d'un ensemble d'éléments magnétiques 6 tels que des enroulements formant la partie statorique du générateur électrique dont le rotor est constitué par le piston. Les enroulements 6 sont intégrés dans une culasse 12 fixées à la zone centrale de la chambre. Les enroulements sont connectés à des moyens électriques non représentés pour produire de l'énergie électrique.The outer central zone of the chamber is provided with a set of magnetic elements 6 such as windings forming the stator part of the electrical generator whose rotor is constituted by the piston. The windings 6 are integrated in a cylinder head 12 fixed to the central zone of the chamber. The windings are connected to electrical means not shown to produce electrical energy.

Pour piloter les déplaceurs 2 et 3 comme des actionneurs et contrôler la fréquence de fonctionnement du moteur, on dispose des moyens électromagnétiques 5 tels que des enroulements sur les zones latérales de la chambre proche des extrémités. Ces enroulements 5 sont intégrés dans des blocs 4 en forme de couronne. Le pilotage des déplaceurs se fait par moitié de course sur chacun des déplaceurs. On maîtrise la totalité de la course des déplaceurs puisqu'ils sont liés de façon rigide.To control the movers 2 and 3 as actuators and control the operating frequency of the motor, there are electromagnetic means 5 such as windings on the side areas of the chamber near the ends. These windings 5 are integrated in blocks 4 in the form of a ring. The driving of the movers is done by half of race on each of the displacer. We control the entire stroke of the movers since they are rigidly connected.

Dans cette structure de type A, on peut envisager de supprimer la liaison 11, dans ce cas le moteur peut fonctionner selon le cycle théorique de Stirling. Et pour améliorer le pilotage des déplaceurs, on peut prolonger les moyens électromagnétiques 5 et 4 de façon à remplacer les radiateurs 7, le pilotage des déplaceurs se faisant alors sur toute la course de chacun d'eux. Dans ces conditions, le refroidissement est réalisé par circulation d'un liquide au sein de la culasse.In this type A structure, it is possible to eliminate the link 11, in which case the motor can operate according to the Stirling theoretical cycle. And to improve the control of the movers, it can extend the electromagnetic means 5 and 4 so as to replace the radiators 7, the driving of the movers being then on the entire race of each of them. Under these conditions, cooling is achieved by circulation of a liquid in the cylinder head.

Sur la figure 2 est représentée une structure de type B dans laquelle la chambre 23 comprend une couronne 24 creusée dans la zone centrale afin de disposer des moyens de chauffage 13. Le moteur comprend deux pistons 14 et 15 liés de façon rigide par une liaison 16. Ces pistons sont disposés de part et d'autre de deux déplaceurs 20 et 21 également liés de façon rigide au moyen de la liaison 22. L'ensemble déplaceurs-liaison 20, 21 et 22 comprend un canal central dans lequel coulisse le moyen de liaison 16 des pistons. Dans cette structure, les éléments magnétiques 17a et 17b formant stator du générateur électrique sont constitués par deux couronnes disposées aux extrémités de la chambre en couplage avec les pistons 14 et 15. Les moyens électromagnétiques 18a et 18b de pilotage des déplaceurs sont constitués par deux couronnes disposées de part et d'autre des moyens de chauffage 13. Les radiateurs 19a et 19b constituent également deux couronnes disposées entre les éléments magnétiques 17a et 17b et les moyens électromagnétiques de pilotage 18a et 18b.FIG. 2 shows a type B structure in which the chamber 23 comprises a ring 24 hollowed out in the central zone in order to dispose of the heating means 13. The engine comprises two pistons 14 and 15 rigidly connected by a link 16 These pistons are arranged on either side of two displacers 20 and 21 also rigidly connected by means of the link 22. The displacer-link assembly 20, 21 and 22 comprises a central channel in which the means of connection 16 of the pistons. In this structure, the magnetic elements 17a and 17b forming the stator of the electric generator are constituted by two rings disposed at the ends of the chamber in coupling with the pistons 14 and 15. The electromagnetic means 18a and 18b of driving the displacers are constituted by two rings disposed on either side of the heating means 13. The radiators 19a and 19b also constitute two rings disposed between the magnetic elements 17a and 17b and the electromagnetic control means 18a and 18b.

Cette structure permet de disposer de deux générateurs électriques (14, 17a; 15, 17b) proche des zones faciles à refroidir. Cette structure peut également se décliner en plusieurs variantes dans lesquelles on supprime la liaison rigide 22, on agrandit les moyens électromagnétiques de pilotage 18a et 18b, sur la course complète des déplaceurs et on peut remplacer les radiateurs 19a et 19b par une circulation de liquide dans la culasse.This structure makes it possible to have two electric generators (14, 17a, 15, 17b) close to the areas easy to cool. This structure can also be broken down into several variants in which the rigid connection 22 is suppressed, the electromagnetic piloting means 18a and 18b are enlarged over the complete travel of the displacers and the radiators 19a and 19b can be replaced by a circulation of liquid in the breech.

La structure de type C sur la figure 3 comprend une chambre 25 en forme de cylindre de section carrée. Cette chambre comprend deux cylindres de section carrée, ouverts et concentriques 26 et 27. Ces cylindres sont disposés à l'intérieur de la chambre 25 et fixés chacun à une base de cette chambre. Les parois latérales de ces deux cylindres comprennent des moyens électromagnétiques 36 et 37 de pilotage de deux déplaceurs 32 et 33 coulissant à l'intérieur des deux cylindres. Les moyens de chauffage 28 et 29 sont disposés à chaque extrémité de la chambre 25. Le refroidissement se fait par circulation d'un liquide dans des tubes 34 et 35 traversant la chambre 25. Le piston 30 est en forme d'un grand "H" couché dont le trait de liaison est disposé entre les cylindres 26 et 27. Avantageusement, la partie statorique du générateur électrique est constituée par des enroulements magnétiques 31 disposés tout le long de deux parois latérales de la chambre 25.The type C structure in Fig. 3 comprises a cylinder-shaped chamber of square section. This chamber comprises two cylinders of square section, open and concentric 26 and 27. These cylinders are arranged inside the chamber 25 and each fixed to a base of this chamber. The side walls of these two cylinders comprise electromagnetic means 36 and 37 for driving two displacers 32 and 33 sliding inside the two cylinders. The heating means 28 and 29 are arranged at each end of the chamber 25. The cooling is done by circulating a liquid in tubes 34 and 35 passing through the chamber 25. The piston 30 is in the shape of a large "H" "lying whose bond is arranged between the cylinders 26 and 27. Advantageously, the stator part of the electric generator is constituted by magnetic windings 31 arranged along two side walls of the chamber 25.

La figure 4 illustre une structure de type D comprenant deux cylindres concentriques 38 et 39. Le cylindre intérieur 39 comprend tous les composants électromagnétiques 45, 46 et 47 servant respectivement de stator pour le générateur électrique et de moyens de commande pour les déplaceurs 41 et 42. D'autres enroulements 51 servant de stator sont disposés à l'extérieur du cylindre externe 38 sur une zone centrale. Le piston 40 et les deux déplaceurs se déplacent dans le cylindre externe 38 servant de chambre de travail. Les deux déplaceurs 41 et 42 sont liés par plusieurs moyens de liaison rigides 43, 44 coulissant dans des canaux à l'intérieur du piston 40. Des radiateurs 49 et 50 sont disposés à l'extérieur de la chambre de travail 38 de part et d'autre des enroulements 51. Des moyens de chauffage sont placés aux extrémités de la chambre de travail 38.FIG. 4 illustrates a type D structure comprising two concentric cylinders 38 and 39. The inner cylinder 39 comprises all the electromagnetic components 45, 46 and 47 serving respectively as stator for the electric generator and control means for the displacers 41 and 42 Other windings 51 serving as a stator are arranged outside the outer cylinder 38 on a central zone. The piston 40 and the two movers move in the outer cylinder 38 serving as a working chamber. The two displacers 41 and 42 are connected by several rigid connection means 43, 44 sliding in channels inside the piston 40. Radiators 49 and 50 are arranged outside the working chamber 38 on the other side. Other windings 51. Heating means are placed at the ends of the working chamber 38.

La structure de type E illustrée sur la figure 5 s'apparente à la structure de type D, mais avec des moyens de chauffage 52 prévus au centre du moteur. On dispose également de deux pistons 53 et 54 liés au moyen des éléments 55a, 55b, 55c et 55d et placés de part et d'autre de deux déplaceurs 56 et 57. Les moyens de liaison 55a, 55b, 55c et 55d coulissent à l'intérieur d'un moyen de liaison 58 des deux déplaceurs. Les enroulements statoriques 59, 60, 61 et 62 sont prévus proches des extrémités du moteur, ce qui facilite le refroidissement et augmente l'efficacité du générateur électrique. Comme pour la structure de type B, les pistons ont leur course amortie par un matelas d'air. Sur la figure 6 sont représentées deux coupes radiales de la structure de type E. La coupe A est réalisée suivant un plan traversant le piston 53. La coupe B est réalisée suivant un plan traversant le déplaceur 57. On distingue les quatre moyens rigides 55a, 55b, 55c et 55d coulissant à travers le déplaceur 57.The type E structure illustrated in Figure 5 is similar to the D type structure, but with heating means 52 provided in the center of the engine. There are also two pistons 53 and 54 linked by means of the elements 55a, 55b, 55c and 55d and placed on either side of two movers 56 and 57. The connecting means 55a, 55b, 55c and 55d slide on interior of a connecting means 58 of the two displacers. The stator windings 59, 60, 61 and 62 are provided near the ends of the motor, which facilitates cooling and increases the efficiency of the electric generator. As for the type B structure, the pistons have their stroke cushioned by an air mattress. FIG. 6 shows two radial sections of the type E structure. The section A is made along a plane passing through the piston 53. The section B is made in a plane passing through the displacer 57. There are four rigid means 55a, 55b, 55c and 55d sliding through the displacer 57.

Sur la figure 7, on voit en détail, selon une vue en coupe simplifiée, une variante d'un piston de la structure de type E. La chambre est formée par deux cylindres concentriques 63 et 67. Le cylindre concentrique intérieur 67 est creux. Les extrémités de la chambre comprennent sur la face intérieure des saillies 65 régulièrement espacées en forme de cylindres creux concentriques. Ces saillies renferment des éléments magnétiques ou bobinages 66 formant stator du générateur asynchrone. La partie rotor est formée par une pluralité de cylindres creux concentriques 64 qui viennent s'imbriquer dans l'espace libre entre les saillies 65. La vue en coupe représente donc deux râteaux imbriqués. Le rotor 64 est en matériau amagnétique conducteur tel que l'aluminium. L'excitation du générateur asynchrone permet de créer des courants induits dans le rotor. Ces courants créent des forces répulsives aboutissant à une sustentation magnétique du rotor 64 dans l'espace libre entre les saillies 65, ce qui réduit sensiblement les frottements lors du mouvement de va-et-vient des pistons. Les surfaces des saillies 65 peuvent comprendre des moyens de centrage et de guidage utile seulement lors du démarrage du générateur.FIG. 7 shows in detail, in a simplified sectional view, a variant of a piston of the type E structure. The chamber is formed by two concentric cylinders 63 and 67. The inner concentric cylinder 67 is hollow. The ends of the chamber include on the inner face projections 65 regularly spaced in the form of concentric hollow cylinders. These projections contain magnetic elements or windings 66 forming the stator of the asynchronous generator. The rotor portion is formed by a plurality of concentric hollow cylinders 64 which interlock in the free space between the projections 65. The sectional view thus shows two nested rakes. The rotor 64 is made of conductive non-magnetic material such as aluminum. The excitation of the asynchronous generator makes it possible to create currents induced in the rotor. These currents create repulsive forces resulting in a magnetic lift of the rotor 64 in the free space between the projections 65, which substantially reduces the friction during the reciprocating movement of the pistons. The surfaces of the projections 65 may include centering and guide means useful only when starting the generator.

La figure 8 représente une coupe radiale d'un piston de la structure de type E de la figure 7. Cette coupe radiale fait apparaître les pistons concentriques 64.FIG. 8 represents a radial section of a piston of the type E structure of FIG. 7. This radial section shows the concentric pistons 64.

Dans la chambre illustrée sur la figure 5, les éléments magnétiques 62 sont disposés sur les flans latéraux, la génération électromagnétique se fait donc dans un plan perpendiculaire au plan de la génération mécanique (ou thermique) qui est parallèle à l'axe de déplacement des pistons. Sachant que l'effort électromagnétique est environ dix fois inférieur à l'effort mécanique, le fait d'éclater le piston en une pluralité de cylindres concentriques, comme on le voit sur la figure 7, permet d'augmenter sensiblement la surface des échanges électromagnétiques.In the chamber illustrated in FIG. 5, the magnetic elements 62 are arranged on the side blanks, the electromagnetic generation is therefore in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the mechanical (or thermal) generation that is parallel to the axis of movement of the pistons. Knowing that the electromagnetic force is approximately ten times lower than the mechanical stress, the fact of exploding the piston in a plurality of concentric cylinders, as seen in FIG. 7, makes it possible to substantially increase the surface of the electromagnetic exchanges. .

La présente invention concerne donc un ensemble équivalent à deux moteurs Stirling travaillant en opposition, agissant sur un même piston ou un piston dédoublé, dans une même chambre de travail. Le déplaceur est géré électromagnétiquement comme un actionneur.The present invention thus relates to an assembly equivalent to two Stirling engines working in opposition, acting on the same piston or piston split, in the same room of work. The displacer is electromagnetically managed as an actuator.

Le groupe électrogène selon l'invention, destiné à la production d'électricité en mode autonome, peut être à poste fixe ou embarqué, en particulier, il est conçu pour pouvoir alimenter en électricité, les véhicules électriques hybrides, mais aussi, pour résoudre tout problème de production d'électricité en mode autonome à poste fixe avec mise en oeuvre de systèmes de co-génération ou tri-génération. Ce dispositif permet également de résoudre le problème de stockage de l'énergie électrique (batteries) et de concevoir des véhicules électriques offrant une réduction de consommation et une réduction des émissions polluantes par rapport aux véhicules à moteurs thermiques conventionnels.The generator set according to the invention, intended for the production of electricity in autonomous mode, can be fixed or on-board, in particular, it is designed to be able to supply electricity, hybrid electric vehicles, but also, to solve all problem of electricity production in stand-alone mode with the implementation of co-generation or tri-generation systems. This device also makes it possible to solve the problem of storage of electrical energy (batteries) and to design electric vehicles offering a reduction of consumption and a reduction of pollutant emissions compared with conventional thermal engine vehicles.

Claims (22)

  1. Generator set for converting thermal energy into electrical energy based on a heat engine operating according to a Stirling cycle, comprising at least one piston (1) undergoing reciprocating linear motion in order to produce electrical energy by electromagnetic coupling with stationary magnetic elements (6), which furthermore includes at least two displacers (2, 3) placed in a chamber (9) that is common to said piston in such a way that the displacers/piston assembly constitutes two engines of the Stirling type operating in opposition, characterized in that the assembly consisting of the piston and the stationary magnetic elements constitutes an asynchronous generator and in that the piston is made of a non-magnetic conducting material, the excitation of the generator creating induced currents in the latter which provide the magnetic levitation.
  2. Generator set according to Claim 1, characterized in that the non-magnetic conducting material is aluminium or an alloy.
  3. Generator set according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the two displacers are linked together (11) in a rigid manner.
  4. Generator set according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the two displacers (32, 33) are independent of each other.
  5. Generator set according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two displacers are free to move relative to the chamber.
  6. Generator set according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it furthermore includes electromagnetic means (5) fastened to the chamber for controlling the movement of the displacers by electromagnetic coupling.
  7. Generator set according to Claim 6, characterized in that the electromagnetic means (36) are placed inside the chamber.
  8. Generator set according to Claim 6, characterized in that the electromagnetic means (5) are placed outside the chamber.
  9. Generator set according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the chamber (9) is a completely closed enclosure.
  10. Generator set according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it furthermore includes a second piston, the two pistons (14, 15) being rigidly linked (16) and placed on either side of the two displacers (20, 21).
  11. Generator set according to Claim 10, characterized in that each piston (53...54) comprises a plurality of concentric hollow cylinders (64) connected together at one end, these cylinders being intended to slide in other concentric hollow cylinders (65) that are provided with stationary magnetic elements (66) and are placed inside the chamber (63).
  12. Generator set according to Claim 11, characterized in that each piston (53, 54) comprises a non-magnetic conducting material allowing this piston to be levitated during a displacement.
  13. Generator set according to any one of Claims 10 to 12, comprising a Stirling heat engine in the form of a cylinder, characterized in that it furthermore includes heating means (13) for supplying heat to a central region of the cylinder.
  14. Generator set according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, comprising a Stirling heat engine in the form of a cylinder, characterized in that it furthermore includes heating means (10) for supplying heat to the bases of the cylinder.
  15. Generator set according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it furthermore includes cooling means (7) placed outside the chamber.
  16. Generator set according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it furthermore includes cooling means (34, 35) for cooling by the circulation of a fluid in tubes passing through said chamber.
  17. Generator set according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stroke of the displacers is substantially twice the stroke of the piston.
  18. Generator set according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it furthermore includes magnetic elements placed along the chamber in such a way that the reciprocating linear motion of the displacers contributes to the generation of electric power.
  19. Method for converting heat energy into electrical energy by means of a generator set according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two displacers (2, 3) placed in a chamber (9) forming a Stirling heat engine and comprising at least one piston (1) are controlled in such a way that the displacers/piston assembly operates as two Stirling engines in opposition, in which a phase shift substantially equal to 45° in the relative movement between the displacers and the piston is introduced.
  20. Method according to Claim 19, characterized in that the displacers (2, 3) are capable of regenerating the working fluid contained in the chamber (9).
  21. Method according to either of Claims 19 and 20, characterized in that heat is supplied to the ends of the Stirling engine and in that cooling means are placed in a central region of this engine.
  22. Method according to either of Claims 19 and 20, characterized in that heat is supplied to a central region of the Stirling engine and in that cooling means are placed on the ends of this engine.
EP02711979A 2001-01-17 2002-01-17 Power unit with reciprocating linear movement based on stirling motor, and method used in said power plant Expired - Lifetime EP1366280B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0100574 2001-01-17
FR0100574A FR2819555B1 (en) 2001-01-17 2001-01-17 ELECTROGEN GROUP WITH ALTERNATIVE LINEAR MOTION BASED ON STIRLING MOTOR, AND METHOD IMPLEMENTED IN THIS GENERATOR
PCT/FR2002/000173 WO2002057612A1 (en) 2001-01-17 2002-01-17 Power unit with reciprocating linear movement based on stirling motor, and method used in said power plant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1366280A1 EP1366280A1 (en) 2003-12-03
EP1366280B1 true EP1366280B1 (en) 2007-12-26

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02711979A Expired - Lifetime EP1366280B1 (en) 2001-01-17 2002-01-17 Power unit with reciprocating linear movement based on stirling motor, and method used in said power plant

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US7152404B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1366280B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE382120T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60224261T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2819555B1 (en)
NZ (1) NZ527441A (en)
WO (1) WO2002057612A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7152404B2 (en) 2006-12-26
ATE382120T1 (en) 2008-01-15
DE60224261D1 (en) 2008-02-07
NZ527441A (en) 2004-12-24
FR2819555A1 (en) 2002-07-19
US20050072148A1 (en) 2005-04-07
FR2819555B1 (en) 2003-05-30
DE60224261T2 (en) 2009-01-08
EP1366280A1 (en) 2003-12-03
WO2002057612A1 (en) 2002-07-25

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