[go: up one dir, main page]

EP1309984A1 - Lighting unit comprising at least one, substantially u-shaped gas discharge lamp - Google Patents

Lighting unit comprising at least one, substantially u-shaped gas discharge lamp

Info

Publication number
EP1309984A1
EP1309984A1 EP01962641A EP01962641A EP1309984A1 EP 1309984 A1 EP1309984 A1 EP 1309984A1 EP 01962641 A EP01962641 A EP 01962641A EP 01962641 A EP01962641 A EP 01962641A EP 1309984 A1 EP1309984 A1 EP 1309984A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas discharge
discharge lamp
lamp
lighting unit
ppp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01962641A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jochen Murr
Klaus Wammes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wammes & Partner GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1309984A1 publication Critical patent/EP1309984A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/56—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H01J61/32—Special longitudinal shape, e.g. for advertising purposes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/52—Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Means for circulating gas or vapour within the discharge space
    • H01J61/523—Heating or cooling particular parts of the lamp
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/70—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr
    • H01J61/72—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr having a main light-emitting filling of easily vaporisable metal vapour, e.g. mercury

Definitions

  • CD 1_4 CD P- o CD ⁇ CD ⁇ ⁇ P SD P o Hi S C ⁇ ⁇ P • P- Hi ⁇ tr ⁇ rf CD P CD PP Jy ⁇ P ⁇ tr Q. ⁇ P iQ P- ⁇ PP P- P- tr
  • P 1 SD P- 3 ⁇ SD P- CD P 1 ⁇ P- O ⁇ P 1 P P- SD ⁇ PP ⁇ P- SU SD C: o P- P 1 P cn P "rt tr SD P- 3 PP C ⁇ rr P ⁇ P- ⁇ PP ⁇ ⁇ P vq 3 vq Hi PP ⁇ 3 3 pr TJ rt ⁇ cn
  • P P- P cn P 1 P - 1 CD SD S rt P pr P- H cn SD cn ⁇ P SD pr m P P- cn ⁇ 1 ⁇ P SD ⁇ ⁇ S ⁇ P ⁇ P cn SD P- tr rt ⁇ cn P- P- cn P o P ö ⁇ C ⁇ P- 1
  • P SD tr 3 tr P- tr PPP, PPP rt PP P- P cn tr cn ⁇ s: P ⁇ P p- ⁇ ⁇ sQ ⁇ P- o-- ⁇ ⁇ rt sQ CJ- TJ P ⁇ PN SD ⁇ rt P rt tr rt P- vP P rt PP cn 3 ⁇ C ⁇ PP H- 1 P- TJ C ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ? - cn cn P- P- P ⁇ cn ⁇ ⁇ P. C ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ QN
  • PPP ⁇ POP p ⁇ P- tr P ⁇ tr P C ⁇ ⁇ Q. t P- (D tr tr rt cn tr P (D ⁇ SD P ⁇ vq P- tr TJ vq cn P s ⁇ . P- tr P ⁇ rt rt pr P- OP P. rt SD rt PPP l_l. s:
  • the heat development in the central region of the lamp is significantly reduced.
  • the electrical or thermal mass consists of a metallic light box, in which the at least one gas discharge lamp is arranged in such a way that the gas discharge lamp protrudes with its electrodes on one side of the light box and with it middle area on the opposite side of the light box on this.
  • the latter preferably has an output transformer with windings on the circuit and lamp side, the output connections being formed at the ends of the winding on the lamp side.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified circuit example of a conventional lighting unit with a U-shaped gas discharge lamp and a high-frequency driver circuit
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of the course of the lamp current in the known lighting unit according to FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 shows a simplified circuit example of the lighting unit according to the invention with a U-shaped one
  • Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the lighting unit according to the invention with gas discharge lamps and arranged in a light box
  • Figure 6 shows a partial cross section through the lighting unit shown in Figure 5.
  • FIG. 1 shows a U-shaped gas discharge lamp 1, which contains not only a noble gas filling but also a small amount of mercury, which electrodes 2 and 3 are connected to the output connections 4 and 5 of a high-frequency driver circuit 6.
  • the high-frequency driver circuit 6 contains driver electronics 7 and an output transformer 8 with a winding 9 on the circuit side and a winding 10 on the lamp side, which ends are connected to the output connections 4 and 5.
  • the output terminal 5 is connected to an electrical ground M. Due to the high-frequency control of the gas discharge lamp 1, stray capacitances are effective between it and the electrical mass M, which lead to stray losses.
  • the stray capacitances are shown here in simplified form as individual capacitances C s , but actually form a continuous capacitance covering the length of the gas discharge lamp 1.
  • the impedance of the gas discharge path within the gas discharge lamp 1 is also shown here in simplified form in the form of individual impedances R between the stray capacitances C s . From the lamp current I flowing into the gas discharge lamp 1 at the far-end output connection 4, stray currents I s flow continuously via the stray capacitances C s in the direction of the electrical ground M, so that only one sum is left at the output connection 5 connected to the electrical ground M. All stray currents I s reduced lamp current I emerges from the gas discharge lamp 1.
  • P cn ⁇ P- cn QP > P ⁇ P SD PP P- P rt P rt ⁇ ⁇ p- ⁇ ! -> ⁇ P. rt p- P ⁇ ⁇ N ⁇ tr SD ö P- P ⁇ ⁇ Hi P. vq rt vq P 1 Q pr P- cn ⁇ PP - ⁇ P ⁇ cn ⁇ PP ⁇ cn ⁇ ⁇ P vq P (D ⁇ s: SD Hi vq P- rt ⁇ P cn P rt tr Pl ⁇ ! P rt p. ⁇ P EP s: PPN & SP 1 P P- P: o cn PP ⁇ PP ⁇
  • the area of the gas discharge lamp 1 is considerably reduced due to the desired large capacitive coupling with the electrical mass M of the lamp current flowing in the gas discharge path.
  • the capacitive coupling C ⁇ acts like a short circuit that branches off a larger part of the lamp current at the beginning of the central region 11 of the gas discharge lamp 1 from the gas discharge path, leads past the central region 11 and feeds it back into the gas discharge path at the end of the central region 11. Due to the reduced lamp current in the central region 11 of the gas discharge lamp 1, the heat development there is also considerably reduced, so that the coldest point is created in the gas discharge space and the mercury contained in the gas atmosphere can condense. In this way, the mercury vapor pressure in the gas discharge space is regulated.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of the above-described course of the lamp current over the length L of the gas discharge lamp 1.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the lighting unit according to the invention shown in FIG. 5 has four of the gas discharge lamps 1 shown in FIG. 3, which are arranged side by side in a light box 12 in such a way that the electrodes 2 and 3 on one side 13 of the light box 12 are made of the same protrude and the gas discharge lamps 1 rest with their central regions 11 on the opposite side 14 of the light box 12 in electrically capacitive and in thermal contact.
  • the light box 12 forms both the electrical mass M and a thermal mass for dissipating the heat transferred from the gas discharge lamps 1 to the side 14.
  • On the side 13 of the light box 12 there is a compartment 15 for accommodating the high-frequency driver circuits 6, which are combined here in a unit 16, for the individual fluorescent lamps 1.
  • the light box 12 is mirrored on the inside and, as FIG. 6 shows in a partial cross section through the lighting unit according to FIG. 5, on the side facing the viewer with a diffuser 17 for uniform light distribution.
  • the capacitive coupling of the central region 11 of the gas discharge lamp 1 to the electrical mass M formed by the light box 12 can be reinforced, for example, by a metal coating on the relevant point of the gas discharge lamp 1 or by a suitable arrangement of a sheet metal part.
  • the gas discharge lamp 1 with its central region 11 can also be arranged in a suitable recess in the side 14 of the light box 12 or, alternatively to the example according to FIG. 5, can rest against the light box 12.
  • the thermal and electrical ground coupling can finally be increased using thermal paste.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

A substantially U-shaped gas discharge lamp (1), containing mercury for the gas discharge, is connected to a high-frequency driver circuit (6). To ensure that the gas discharge lamp (1) operates with the minimum loss and the maximum light yield possible, the respective output terminals (4, 5) of the high-frequency driver circuit (6) are not electrically grounded and the central section (11) of the gas discharge lamp (1) is capacitively coupled to an electric ground (M). This ensures a substantial reduction of the lamp current in the central section (11), thus lowering the thermal production of the gas discharge lamp (1) in said section, the latter becoming as a result the coldest place in the gas discharge chamber and the place for the condensation of the mercury. The mercury vapour pressure can thus be regulated and the light yield optimized.

Description

ω cυ > N3 P1 P>ω cυ> N3 P 1 P>

Cπ o Cπ o Cπ O CπCπ o Cπ o Cπ O Cπ

? SD rr O » O Q cn Tj CΛ CΛ P fi P1 ISI iQ <! 3 M P cn n < ω Hi Q α öd d? SD rr O »OQ cn Tj CΛ CΛ P fi P 1 ISI iQ <! 3 MP cn n <ω Hi Q α öd d

PJ P H SD P tr o CD CD SD rt CD Φ Φ rt H SD P- P Φ O P- M P D P- 0 Φ p: SD I φ ΦPJ P H SD P tr o CD CD SD rt CD Φ Φ rt H SD P- P Φ O P- M P D P- 0 Φ p: SD I φ Φ

P P- CΛ CΛ P cn P Cn CD P P P- O rt iQ Ω cn P P rt Φ rt cn Q P P- l-i cn Hi H CΛP P- CΛ CΛ P cn P Cn CD P P P- O rt iQ Ω cn P P rt Φ rt cn Q P P- l-i cn Hi H CΛ

0 CΛ CD H- o CD SD PJ SD rt Hl P Φ tr rt r Φ φ W cn Φ O: φ Ω0 CΛ CD H- o CD SD P J SD rt Hl P Φ tr rt r Φ φ W cn Φ O: φ Ω

CD O P 3 o P r+ CD P- rt Φ Hi SD ιQ rt SD N H Φ rt P P P P Ό ω P P P tr p- 1-1 PJ rt CD •* r CD 3 P P P (-■ Φ Φ P P P- P cn rt H- P- P- φ rt 3 Ω PCD OP 3 o P r + CD P- rt Φ Hi SD ιQ rt SD NH Φ rt PPPP Ό ω PPP tr p- 1-1 P J rt CD • * r CD 3 PPP (- ■ Φ Φ PP P- P cn rt H- P- P- φ rt 3 Ω P

P CD P r-l- P O & P P- SD P- P P cn Φ P o Ω M CΛ Ω φ 1 P" p- tr p> iV P SD o SD iQ cn CD α P 3 o N Φ SD l-1 φ P- tr SD rt tr P1 φ SD ιQ rt p-P CD P rl- PO & P P- SD P- PP cn Φ P o Ω M CΛ Ω φ 1 P "p- tr p> iV P SD o SD iQ cn CD α P 3 o N Φ SD l- 1 φ P- tr SD rt tr P 1 φ SD ιQ rt p-

Ω CD: α c! tr P- TJ P CD P T3 α Φ ? rt ι£! P φ P- & SD rt P P. Φ P tr tr (-1 ^ P CΛ CD P tr p P H- cn φ Φ P P o N SD P ro P l-1 tr Ω P P P P rr p: P P P rt- SD: O g P- P rt P "5 H CΛ Q P P1 cn P- pr P ιΩ PΩ CD: α c! tr P- TJ P CD P T3 α Φ? rt ι £! P φ P- & SD rt P P. Φ P tr tr (- 1 ^ P CΛ CD P tr p P H- cn φ Φ PP o N SD P ro P l- 1 tr Ω PPPP rr p: PPP rt- SD : O g P- P rt P "5 H CΛ QPP 1 cn P- pr P ιΩ P

CD PJ ιQ Cπ PJ ι P P cπ 3 Ω rt Ω P § (D φ (D Φ ιQ α Φ Φ rt u3 cn cn iQCD P J ιQ Cπ P J ι PP cπ 3 Ω rt Ω P § (D φ (D Φ ιQ α Φ Φ rt u3 cn cn iQ

& 01 CΛ SD CΛ cn CD CD SD rt p- & Φ tr P Φ P P CΛ P- P- cn P- P P CΛ SD Φ& 01 CΛ SD CΛ cn CD CD SD rt p- & Φ tr P Φ P P CΛ P- P- cn P- P P CΛ SD Φ

CΛ n- CD I-1 «3 P- o cn rt P 3 sQ P ^ SD P Ω cn tr Hi P P1 CΛ P- rr CD l-i SD O tr SD n SD SD Q. tr P ^ lO rt tr SD O cn : iQ SD φ P fD P 3 SO 3 PJ P cn r Φ SD Ω P1 o P P s; 3 Q 3 P1 rt P cn 3 P trCΛ n- CD I- 1 «3 P- o cn rt P 3 sQ P ^ SD P Ω cn tr Hi PP 1 CΛ P- rr CD li SD O tr SD n SD SD Q. tr P ^ lO rt tr SD O cn: iQ SD φ P fD P 3 SO 3 P J P cn r Φ SD Ω P 1 o PP s; 3 Q 3 P 1 rt P cn 3 P tr

P D ϊ P *Ü P- 3 P P t P- P Φ P- O SD iQ *ö SD 1— ■ N •Ö rt ΦPD ϊ P * Ü P- 3 PP t P- P Φ P- O SD iQ * ö SD 1— ■ N • Ö rt Φ

CD CΛ P CD O P CD P- CD O φ Ω P P Ω φ CΛ CΛ Φ Φ * Φ P- s: φ PJ P-CD CΛ P CD OP CD P- CD O φ Ω PP Ω φ CΛ CΛ Φ Φ * Φ P- s: φ P J P-

P, rr N 00 P- P P tr cn CΛ Φ t P- W TJ Φ Pi P CΛ P cn Φ P SD rtP, rr N 00 P- P P tr cn CΛ Φ t P- W TJ Φ Pi P CΛ P cn Φ P SD rt

P CD P SD Cπ CD cn CD CD TJ P p- rt CΛ ≤ cn cn > tr P o • Ω rt ΩP CD P SD Cπ CD cn CD CD TJ P p- rt CΛ ≤ cn cn> tr P o • Ω rt Ω

P P> O P P P- iQ P P P" Φ tr> P P- Φ SD p- P pj: rt P tr tr W P 3 ιQ H P- P P CD cn SD CD: Ω P- SD o P CΛ "3 P 3 Φ rt Φ P- P P-PP> OPP P- iQ PPP "Φ tr> P P- Φ SD p- P pj: rt P tr tr WP 3 ιQ H P- PP CD cn SD CD: Ω P- SD o P CΛ" 3 P 3 Φ rt Φ P- P P-

CD & tr cn rf- CD cn CD rr P ?r Ω P P P- Φ tr O Φ SD rt cn Φ P- P u3 rtCD & tr cn rf- CD cn CD rr P? R Ω P P P- Φ tr O Φ SD rt cn Φ P- P u3 rt

P- P CD r+ CD SD P- O CD cn P' P1 sQ ιq P P P. Φ rt P φ (D CΛ CΛP- P CD r + CD SD P- O CD cn P 'P 1 sQ ιq PP P. Φ rt P φ (D CΛ CΛ

CD P- CD P1 P O 3 rt 3 P- rt Φ Φ 3 rt P SD P P Φ P, P tr P1 3CD P- CD P 1 PO 3 rt 3 P- rt Φ Φ 3 rt P SD PP Φ P, P tr P 1 3

Cn 3 P P- CD tr TJ rr n CD INI P P P- tr C P P t Φ K Hi φ SD P-Cn 3 P P- CD tr TJ rr n CD INI P P P- tr C P P t Φ K Hi φ SD P-

• CD Cfl (D rr P tr P Ω Φ rr φ SD iQ P CΛ iQ P< Φ P P- cn P rt cn tr PJ P- tr SD N P 3 tr "5 P- Φ CΛ SD P P <! o »ö P- t SD ö P- s tr 3 CD tr P P sQ rr rt Pi • P Hi Φ P 3 rt P- P φ Φ• CD Cfl (D rr P tr P Ω Φ rr φ SD iQ P CΛ iQ P <Φ P P- cn P rt cn tr P J P- tr SD NP 3 tr "5 P- Φ CΛ SD PP <! O» ö P- t SD ö P- s tr 3 CD tr PP sQ rr rt Pi • P Hi Φ P 3 rt P- P φ Φ

CD ω (D ιQ SD SD N CD • tr1 α Φ cn ^ P P p: X P- SD TJ (D % Φ φ CΛCD ω (D ιQ SD SD N CD • tr 1 α Φ cn ^ PP p: X P- SD TJ (D% Φ φ CΛ

P CD CD pr ' CL PJ p: P P- SD cn rt φ α iQ P" P P Φ P N P P-" rtP CD CD pr ' CL P J p: P P- SD cn rt φ α iQ P "PP Φ PNP P-" rt

3 P H CD CD CD Q α Ω 3 Φ O s; P- P- P φ 3 P cn Φ ιQ Hi P Φ o rr SD P P P> SD D pr TJ r+ Hi φ φ P rt o 3 ?r P- P SD P3 P H CD CD CD Q α Ω 3 Φ O s; P- P- P φ 3 P cn Φ ιQ Hi P Φ o rr SD P P P> SD D pr TJ r + Hi φ φ P rt o 3? R P- P SD P

CD (-■ CΛ ω P- P rt Hl N Hi P o • P SD O: Φ iQ P Ω CΛCD (- ■ CΛ ω P- P rt Hl N Hi P o • P SD O: Φ iQ P Ω CΛ

DJ π- tr CL CD o o Q. CD rt CΛ Ω IO rt M P P P- Φ P tr P1 DJ π- tr CL CD oo Q. CD rt CΛ Ω IO rt MPP P- Φ P tr P 1

CD p. IO CD CD P- rf t PJ P- P P Ω tr M P s: σ α CΛ TJ P Φ α φ Φ ΦCD p. IO CD CD P- rf t P J P- PP Ω tr MP s: σ α CΛ TJ P Φ α φ Φ Φ

P P f CD P CD N P S, ' P- P sQ φ φ P- tr P P- rr P CD h-1 SD P- h CD Ω P- P- CΛ Φ Ω P Φ P PJ Φ P 3 P Φ Si Ω P ι-i ιQ n CD P P1 CD CD P- O P ; r P Ω *" f P, sQ tr tr 1 Φ tr ΦPP f CD P CD NPS, ' P- P sQ φ φ P- tr P P- rr P CD h- 1 SD P- h CD Ω P- P- CΛ Φ Ω P Φ PP J Φ P 3 P Φ Si Ω P ι-i ιQ n CD PP 1 CD CD P- OP; r P Ω * "f P, sQ tr tr 1 Φ tr Φ

P- cn w P P- tr P o P Α tr P- rt CΛ P- M SD P- CJ. Φ Φ P- rt PP- cn w P P- tr P o P Α tr P- rt CΛ P- M SD P- CJ. Φ Φ P- rt P

P CΛ CD rt- n cn PJ CD P P • r 3 P P- ? . INI cn l-i P- φ P- P CΛ CΛ n D P- P- tr rr t-1 rr O P P O P1 P P, P rt Ω Φ rt tr P P r+ CD P- CD K Q S SD *4 P tr 3 O φ P Φ tr O P-P CΛ CD rt- n cn P J CD PP • r 3 P P-? , INI cn l- i P- φ P- P CΛ CΛ n D P- P- tr rr t- 1 rr OPPOP 1 PP, P rt Ω Φ rt tr PP r + CD P- CD KQS SD * 4 P tr 3 O φ P Φ tr O P-

CD 3 tr CD SD SD 3 n tr cn P- P SD φ Φ rt ιQ Φ P. rt SD P rt Hi 3CD 3 tr CD SD SD 3 n tr cn P- P SD φ Φ rt ιQ Φ P. rt SD P rt Hi 3

P CD P P P Ό t CΛ P- N α rt P1 P P H SD P- Φ φ Ω P Φ Hi π EP ω CD rr o P SD α M SD SD cn cn P P- 3 tr P P Sl w o rt CD tr P SD P tr P 3 cn Φ N rt ^Q Φ rt cn s: υ3 s: SD Φ p: P lQ tr P D SD P tr CD P- rt P P o Φ Φ rt N tf H- Φ 3 cnP CD PPP Ό t CΛ P- N α rt P 1 PPH SD P- Φ φ Ω P Φ Hi π EP ω CD rr o P SD α M SD SD cn cn P P- 3 tr PP Sl wo rt CD tr P SD P tr P 3 cn Φ N rt ^ Q Φ rt cn s: υ3 s: SD Φ p: P lQ tr PD SD P tr CD P- rt PP o Φ Φ rt N tf H- Φ 3 cn

ET P CD P rt cn P- P <! rt Φ O P 3 P cn Φ P- • s: Φ ^~. P Ό ΦET P CD P rt cn P- P <! rt Φ OP 3 P cn Φ P- • s: Φ ^ ~. P Ό Φ

PJ CD P P (D rr P tr CD SD Φ P- P1 P φ p- P- P P- S, tr P. Φ PP J CD PP (D rr P tr CD SD Φ P- P 1 P φ p- P- P P- S, tr P. Φ P

CD P P 3 P CD P CD P rt P iQ SD LJ- P P Φ ö cn φ N SD P P rtCD P P 3 P CD P CD P rt P iQ SD LJ- P P Φ ö cn φ N SD P P rt

P α o P CD O Pi P- Φ 3 P1 & Φ P- Φ P P- Ω P • Ω P *>, P"P α o P CD O Pi P- Φ 3 P 1 & Φ P- Φ P P- Ω P • Ω P *>, P "

CΛ P- CΛ CD s, <j rr P 3 P: φ P V φ iQ φ 3 φ pr i ω ? u3 P-CΛ P- CΛ CD s, <j rr P 3 P: φ P V φ iQ φ 3 φ pr i ω? u3 P-

CD 1_4 CD P- o CD α CD ^ φ P SD P o Hi S CΛ φ P • P- Hi Ω tr π rf CD P CD P P Jy Φ P Ω tr Q. Ω P iQ P- Φ P P P- P- trCD 1_4 CD P- o CD α CD ^ φ P SD P o Hi S CΛ φ P • P- Hi Ω tr π rf CD P CD PP Jy Φ P Ω tr Q. Ω P iQ P- Φ PP P- P- tr

CD r-t- N IV C P- s: P- P P P- t Φ φ tr P Φ cn P iQ ^i r?- P φCD r-t- N IV C P- s: P- P P P- t Φ φ tr P Φ cn P iQ ^ i r? - P φ

P- [ CD CD CD P- P "5 N P rt P P Ω N CΛ P1 pr P- PP- [CD CD CD P- P "5 NP rt PP Ω N CΛ P 1 pr P- P

P- P rt P> P SD f-3 P I < N Ch P- tr P- s: Hl p: rt P ΦP- P rt P> P SD f-3 P I <N Ch P- tr P- s: Hl p: rt P Φ

O % 1 C-L tr ' Φ φ o P SD P P cn (D CΛ P tr S 3 P 3 P cn 1 P rt P- 1 O% 1 CL tr ' Φ φ o P SD PP cn (D CΛ P tr S 3 P 3 P cn 1 P rt P- 1

cυ cυ M > P1 P>cυ cυ M> P 1 P>

Cπ o Cπ o Cn o π ffi tr φ φ Q P- S ö (D P, rt iQ cn ≤ ιp πj tr Φ < o SD: P P- Φ P P- φ tr o Φ P- Φ Φ P- φ tr P P- s tr tu CΛ K tr cn trCπ o Cπ o Cn o π ffi tr φ φ Q P- S ö (DP, rt iQ cn ≤ ιp πj tr Φ <o SD: P P- Φ P P- φ tr o Φ P- Φ Φ P- φ tr P P- s tr tu CΛ K tr cn tr

P O Φ rt Φ Φ Ω P g cn cnP O Φ rt Φ Φ Ω P g cn cn

3 SD rt SD3 SD rt SD

Ω P1 rt P 3 P rt P ^P P P Ω tr P s: φ ιP SD Φ P cn cn tr P- P P- tr tr P cn SD tr rt tr fu: vP rr Φ rr tr P- • Φ φ cn P Φ rt rt Φ N Φ N SD P ιq tr Φ P ä TJΩ P 1 rt P 3 P rt P ^ PPP Ω tr P s: φ ιP SD Φ P cn cn tr P- P P- tr tr P cn SD tr rt tr fu: vP rr Φ rr tr P- • Φ φ cn P Φ rt rt Φ N Φ N SD P ιq tr Φ P ä TJ

Hl SD Φ S> CΛ Φ C. P< Φ P1 P tr P Φ P Φ Φ P cn P cn P Φ cn Φ P rt φHl SD Φ S> CΛ Φ C. P <Φ P 1 P tr P Φ P Φ Φ P cn P cn P Φ cn Φ P rt φ

P P P- P- P Φ 3 P- P P- P- Φ P rt tr P P TJ ?r TJ P P1 rt P- rt PPP P- P- P Φ 3 P- P P- P- Φ P rt tr PP TJ? R TJ PP 1 rt P- rt P

Φ P P rt . SD P P Ω P- Ω φ P P P SS <! O: Φ ^ P- SD P- rt Φ 3 ^ rtΦ P P rt. SD P P Ω P- Ω φ P P P SS <! O: Φ ^ P- SD P- rt Φ 3 ^ rt

Λ fi P Φ 3 P- tT rt tr rt cn P Φ P Φ tr P Hl P P TJ P φ ä SD Φ ΦΛ fi P Φ 3 P- tT rt tr rt cn P Φ P Φ tr P Hl P P TJ P φ ä SD Φ Φ

P ι 3 P TJ Φ P rt rt 1 Φ ι p- P 0 Φ P p: Φ SD SD SD N TJ CΛP ι 3 P TJ Φ P rt rt 1 Φ ι p- P 0 Φ P p: Φ SD SD SD N TJ CΛ

P- . H φ 3 CΛ P- φ α Φ tT Hi P- cn rt P- cn tr P P pr Λ N P1 cn P Φ rt P Φ M TJP-. H φ 3 CΛ P- φ α Φ tT Hi P- cn rt P- cn tr PP pr Λ NP 1 cn P Φ rt P Φ M TJ

P P- rt t? P P P P- P- SD O: ω Φ Hi cn Ω P Φ >P P P Φ P- φ SD P SD P ιp ΦP P- rt t? P P P P- P- SD O: ω Φ Hi cn Ω P Φ> P P P Φ P- φ SD P SD P ιp Φ

N rt SD P Φ P cn P cn P Φ P SD ιp tr Φ φ φ rt cn Φ SD P sQ Φ PN rt SD P Φ P cn P cn P Φ P SD ιp tr Φ φ φ rt cn Φ SD P sQ Φ P

1 3 3 Hi tr P ιQ rt φ rt 3 P1 -> Φ φ P- P <1 P P CD: ιq φ P rt rt cn SD1 3 3 Hi tr P ιQ rt φ rt 3 P 1 -> Φ φ P- P <1 PP CD: ιq φ P rt rt cn SD

Pl P- TJ P- P- φ • 3 Φ p- φ S P tr Φ P- P- O N cn rt φ P P P l-1 rt rtPl P- TJ P- P- φ • 3 Φ p- φ SP tr Φ P- P- ON cn rt φ PPP l- 1 rt rt

P pr φ P P P- 3 P- P ιP P O 2 rt tr P Ω P S, φ O Φ ≤. rt φ P P. SD PP pr φ P P P- 3 P- P ιP P O 2 rt tr P Ω P S, φ O Φ ≤. rt φ P P. SD P

Φ P α O: P- ö Φ Ω P CD: • P tr p: P P P- P- Φ Φ .S t PΦ P α O: P- ö Φ Ω P CD: • P tr p: P P P- P- Φ Φ .S t P

P- Φ <q φ P 3 ιQ Φ P- SD tr SΏ P tr P rt cn P α Ω SD Ω P P TJ Φ Φ tr P φ cn P O: ι H) P P1 rt 03 rt P > Φ SD SD SD SD N ? P- tr Φ P PP- Φ <q φ P 3 ιQ Φ P- SD tr SΏ P tr P rt cn P α Ω SD Ω PP TJ Φ Φ tr P φ cn PO: ι H) PP 1 rt 03 rt P> Φ SD SD SD SD N? P- tr Φ PP

Φ P1 rr ιQ SQ P- rt Hi sQ Φ P ^^ Φ rt P P CΛ Φ tr CΛ z, Φ P Φ & cn P.Φ P 1 rr ιQ SQ P- rt Hi sQ Φ P ^ ^ Φ rt PP CΛ Φ tr CΛ z, Φ P Φ & cn P.

P M O: Φ Ω P Φ P P P1 P *• N cn φ • cn P- P P P- SD Φ Φ p:PMO: Φ Ω P Φ PPP 1 P * • N cn φ • cn P- PP P- SD Φ Φ p:

CΛ cn P s: P- tr α CΛ O Ω ιP to cn s: CΛ tr P P1 cn rt ιq Φ cn P P trCΛ cn P s: P- tr α CΛ O Ω ιP to cn s: CΛ tr PP 1 cn rt ιq Φ cn PP tr

Ω Φ rt cn P- Ω CΛ P- O P tr CΛ Ω ^ P- rt Φ rt ^ o Φ Ω • cn tr Φ Hi Φ tr ?r P tr rt φ P α rt φ -J pr O: CΛ P P p p- r N o P O PΩ Φ rt cn P- Ω CΛ P- OP tr CΛ Ω ^ P- rt Φ rt ^ o Φ Ω • cn tr Φ Hi Φ tr? R P tr rt φ P α rt φ -J pr O: CΛ PP p p - r N o POP

SD rt Φ cn P cn P- P1 P- P Ω O rt SD P, tr P φ ö SD s: J rt P o 1 P P- rt <i > N Φ rt P φ P tr 3 Φ α Φ PI P SD 3 rt tr Cπ rt o P- P Φ P P rt O tr P- P, φ φ P P P N öd P J P- SD Φ P OSD rt Φ cn P cn P- P 1 P- P Ω O rt SD P, tr P φ ö SD s: J rt P o 1 P P- rt <i> N Φ rt P φ P tr 3 Φ α Φ PI P SD 3 rt tr Cπ rt o P- P Φ PP rt O tr P- P, φ φ PPPN öd PJ P- SD Φ PO

P P- φ Φ P- ιp P Hi Hl Φ cn P1 P P P < P φ φ SD Φ N 3 P φP P- φ Φ P- ιp P Hi Hl Φ cn P 1 PPP <P φ φ SD Φ N 3 P φ

P φ P Φ P P1 sQ ιq CΛ Hi p- rt P- M Φ ιq P N rt Φ P P SD P o ιq P IO O P SD P1 P- rt Ω P1 P cn cn P P P cn P= -> P P- P. oP φ P Φ PP 1 sQ ιq CΛ Hi p- rt P- M Φ ιq PN rt Φ PP SD P o ιq P IO OP SD P 1 P- rt Ω P 1 P cn cn PPP cn P = -> P P- P. o

P P- P CΛ tr φ P SD Φ tr SD SD tr Φ P- tr tr φ ιP Ω SD MP P- P CΛ tr φ P SD Φ tr SD SD tr Φ P- tr tr φ ιP Ω SD M

SD SD φ 3 P Φ rt Φ P- α 3 tr P- cn 3 P P SD P- Φ φ rt o Φ φ SD cn tr cn αSD SD φ 3 P Φ rt Φ P- α 3 tr P- cn 3 P P SD P- Φ φ rt o Φ φ SD cn tr cn α

P P Ω Pi P SD Ω TJ Φ P sQ Φ TJ P P P tr SD P P P1 öd n Φ ιP s3 ιP P N tr Φ w Φ Φ P φ Ω J cn rt n ιp rt Φ D P- P φ cn Φ SD P1 3 P 3 α P (D Hi rt P tr Φ Φ cn - Φ Φ P- Φ rt 3 CΛ Φ cn P P- cn tr P- Φ ι SD: Φ P SD O cn iQ P P P- TJ Φ P tr pr P P TJ rt P- IOPP Ω Pi P SD Ω TJ Φ P sQ Φ TJ PPP tr SD PPP 1 öd n Φ ιP s3 ιP PN tr Φ w Φ Φ P φ Ω J cn rt n ιp rt Φ D P- P φ cn Φ SD P 1 3 P 3 α P (D Hi rt P tr Φ Φ cn - Φ Φ P- Φ rt 3 CΛ Φ cn P P- cn tr P- Φ ι SD: Φ P SD O cn iQ PP P- TJ Φ P tr pr PP TJ rt P-IO

Ω cn P1 φ Φ Ω P P EP P P- P P1 P SD rt CD: cn P P rt Φ P "> P- Φ • P P tr ιp tr P pr P P- P rt cn 3 P P P- SD rt Φ P φ Φ Φ ΦΩ cn P 1 φ Φ Ω PP EP P P- PP 1 P SD rt CD: cn PP rt Φ P "> P- Φ • PP tr ιp tr P pr P P- P rt cn 3 PP P- SD rt Φ P φ Φ Φ Φ

SD Φ rt rt Öd P <q Φ >• rt P O ιp cn P Ω Q SD P- tr O Ω o P P P1 P SD Φ Φ P- Φ tr Φ P 3 Φ rt N SD tr SD cn ιq cn cn t ?rSD Φ rt rt Öd P <q Φ> • rt PO ιp cn P Ω Q SD P- tr O Ω o PPP 1 P SD Φ Φ P- Φ tr Φ P 3 Φ rt N SD tr SD cn ιq cn cn t? r

CΛ >P P- P P rt Φ P P P- tr SD ιp P P tr φ cn P P- φ rt rt Φ p: cn cn cn N Ω Ω cn P CΛ P Φ Ω < CΛ P cn Φ P Φ P Ω cn Φ P tr P- φ SD P tr tr tr P- P1 Φ φ P- ?r SD P SDCΛ> P P- PP rt Φ PP P- tr SD ιp PP tr φ cn P P- φ rt rt Φ p: cn cn cn N Ω Ω cn P CΛ P Φ Ω <CΛ P cn Φ P Φ P Ω cn Φ P tr P- φ SD P tr tr tr P- P 1 Φ φ P-? R SD P SD

Φ α rt P P iQ tr (D N 3 !-• I-1 Φ α rt PP iQ tr (DN 3! - • I- 1

P P P Φ Φ 3 P- P- 3 1 3 SD P. P P- P rt cn 3 P J tr P trP P P Φ Φ 3 P- P- 3 1 3 SD P. P P- P rt cn 3 P J tr P tr

CΛ P Φ P tr P- Ω rf TJ 3 cn φ Φ Φ P P" P" P rt CΛ φ Φ P ΦCΛ P Φ P tr P- Ω rf TJ 3 cn φ Φ Φ P P "P" P rt CΛ φ Φ P Φ

P- Ω O P- rt rt tr P- p- Φ P- φ J t< N tr P- SD SD φ Φ C : P P- IQ P cn pr SD P Φ <i rt ιq P P rt P φ SD P Q φ P P1 α 3 rt SD P- rt cn 1 Φ o Φ SD P P P 3 ιq SD P φ Φ P TJ SD P1 N rt P SD p: φ Hi N P P- tr O φ P- tr O: TJ Φ cn P- P φ rt CD: P1 P P- Φ 3P- Ω O P- rt rt tr P- p- Φ P- φ J t <N tr P- SD SD φ Φ C: P P- IQ P cn pr SD P Φ <i rt ιq PP rt P φ SD PQ φ PP 1 α 3 rt SD P- rt cn 1 Φ o Φ SD PPP 3 ιq SD P φ Φ P TJ SD P 1 N rt P SD p: φ Hi NP P- tr O φ P- tr O: TJ Φ cn P- P φ rt CD: P 1 P P- Φ 3

CΛ P O: ω P P cn Hi P 3 D P φ φ tr cn tr cn ιP P- P P- P Φ P TJ s: CΛ rt P Φ o Hi rt Hi Ω TJ P- P Φ D: s: o rt cn P <! iQ Ω P. H, o Φ P1 3 Φ SD SD P Φ <! s! ?T Φ P cn P P Φ Ω P P Φ tr tr 3 P ιp αCΛ PO: ω PP cn Hi P 3 DP φ φ tr cn tr cn ιP P- P P- P Φ P TJ s: CΛ rt P Φ o Hi rt Hi Ω TJ P- P Φ D: s: o rt cn P <! iQ Ω P. H, o Φ P 1 3 Φ SD SD P Φ <! s! ? T Φ P cn PP Φ Ω PP Φ tr tr 3 P ιp α

P SD P- Φ P CΛ Ω SD P Φ Φ P1 P φ TJ ** P- tr P SD ιq O: P- Φ PP SD P- Φ P CΛ Ω SD P Φ Φ P 1 P φ TJ * * P- tr P SD ιq O: P- Φ P

Φ i j c P Φ tr tr P CΛ P- P CD Φ Hi ιp 3 P Φ P IQ p cn PΦ i j c P Φ tr tr P CΛ P- P CD Φ Hi ιp 3 P Φ P IQ p cn P

P- Φ P Φ Ω Φ P cn P- cn Φ U5 SD P P P cn TJ O P- 3 φ SD ΩP- Φ P Φ Ω Φ P cn P- cn Φ U5 SD P P P cn TJ O P- 3 φ SD Ω

P- P P tr P- rt rt P CΛ TJ P tr P J. P P cn φ <l Φ Φ Bo P P- P 3 ?r a P LQ rt Ω Φ P rt p- rt rt Hi φ P rt SD Λ Φ P Φ Φ α Ω rtP- PP tr P- rt rt P CΛ TJ P tr P J. PP cn φ <l Φ Φ Bo P P- P 3? Ra P LQ rt Ω Φ P rt p- rt rt Hi φ P rt SD Λ Φ P Φ Φ α Ω rt

P- φ cn P tr SD P IQ φ 1 s, P SD 3 P P 3 P- r g Φ Λ-P- φ cn P tr SD P IQ φ 1 s, P SD 3 P P 3 P- r g Φ Λ-

Φ P. φ SD P Φ 1 P ι SD Φ P < P- tr H- Φ I P- Φ cn 3 P oΦ P. φ SD P Φ 1 P ι SD Φ P <P- tr H- Φ I P- Φ cn 3 P o

P cn < P P Φ P P- SD P- P- rt P rt rt ιq P rt 1 cn * 1 l α P1 cn 1 Ω Φ P" rt Φ 1P cn <PP Φ P P- SD P- P- rt P rt rt ιq P rt 1 cn * 1 l α P 1 cn 1 Ω Φ P "rt Φ 1

1 1 tr Φ I 1 1 tr Φ I

) CV) t P-1 P1 ) CV) t P- 1 P 1

Cπ o Cπ o Cπ o cπCπ o Cπ o Cπ o cπ

SD ^ 3 vq P3 CΛ P1 SSD ^ 3 vq P3 CΛ P 1 S

Φ P Φ SD CD: g 3 P1 φ tr P cn vq φ h-1 W PJ V P. pr N P1 ■ P ?r 3 ΦΦ P Φ SD CD: g 3 P 1 φ tr P cn vq φ h- 1 WP J V P. pr NP 1 ■ P? R 3 Φ

P1 SD P- 3 Φ SD P- CD: P1 Φ P- O Φ P1 P P- SD Φ P P φ P- SU SD C : o P- P1 P cn P" rt tr SD P- 3 P P CΛ rr P φ P- Ω P P Φ φ P vq 3 vq Hi P P Φ 3 3 pr TJ rt φ cnP 1 SD P- 3 Φ SD P- CD: P 1 Φ P- O Φ P 1 P P- SD Φ PP φ P- SU SD C: o P- P 1 P cn P "rt tr SD P- 3 PP CΛ rr P φ P- Ω PP Φ φ P vq 3 vq Hi PP Φ 3 3 pr TJ rt φ cn

P- P- X P TJ 3 P- rt ιq ?r α pr P- P- ?r vP φ TJ P vq SD P TJ TJ φ TJ rt ?r vq tr K P- φ Φ 3 CΛ SD P1 cn rt Φ rt Φ Q Ω rt P φ P, ω tr rt φ φ P Φ P" rt SDP- P- XP TJ 3 P- rt ιq? R α pr P- P-? R vP φ TJ P vq SD P TJ TJ φ TJ rt? R vq tr K P- φ Φ 3 CΛ SD P 1 cn rt Φ rt Φ Q Ω rt P φ P, ω tr rt φ φ P Φ P "rt SD

Φ P- p- cn P P Φ rt P P P SD pr P α cn P- P- P vq ~" PJ Φ P PΦ P- p- cn PP Φ rt PPP SD pr P α cn P- P- P vq ~ " P J Φ PP

P- CΛ h-1 Φ £ Φ 3 s cn P Φ p- <! P cn -> P- φ rt φ Φ Φ SD Φ 3 φ rt P P- vq rr Hi rt ! O o Hi P- 3 Φ P- cn J O Φ CΛ CΛ P P P cn g cn cn p- Ξ P Φ CΛ cnP- CΛ h- 1 Φ £ Φ 3 s cn P Φ p- <! P cn -> P- φ rt φ Φ Φ SD Φ 3 φ rt P P- vq rr Hi rt! O o Hi P- 3 Φ P- cn JO Φ CΛ CΛ PPP cn g cn cn p- Ξ P Φ CΛ cn

P- Φ o tr P H, rt Φ P PJ Ω SD P1 Φ P cn Ω O P P φ φ O rt o P" P- P Ω SD φ SD s: P Φ rt Φ rt Φ φ tr P PJ tr rt O pr 3 3 φ P rt Φ Cu: n pr PP- Φ o tr PH, rt Φ PP J Ω SD P 1 Φ P cn Ω OPP φ φ O rt o P "P- P Ω SD φ SD s: P Φ rt Φ rt Φ φ tr PP J tr rt O pr 3 3 φ P rt Φ Cu: n pr P

P tr < Φ P- ?r h-> P 3 Öd φ SD cn φ P" Φ P- < P- vq S! tr N α p- P P rt Öd cn φ O P Φ N rt Φ Φ Φ vP P H rt P SD rt Φ Ω φ P- rf SD P 1 rt • φ 3 Ω tr P P P- p. P P- P cn P1 P -1 CD: SD S rt P pr P- H cn SD cn Φ P SD pr m P P- cn <1 Φ P SD Φ Φ S φ P φ P cn SD P- tr rt φ cn P- P- cn P o P ö φ CΛ P-1 P tr <Φ P-? R h-> P 3 Öd φ SD cn φ P "Φ P- <P- vq S! Tr N α p- PP rt Öd cn φ OP Φ N rt Φ Φ Φ vP PH rt P SD rt Φ Ω φ P- rf SD P 1 rt • φ 3 Ω tr PP P- p. P P- P cn P 1 P - 1 CD: SD S rt P pr P- H cn SD cn Φ P SD pr m P P- cn <1 Φ P SD Φ Φ S φ P φ P cn SD P- tr rt φ cn P- P- cn P o P ö φ CΛ P- 1

?r s: P Φ CD: P P1 3 P- P- SD P1 P P n cn Φ P n Φ φ cn rt SD p- cn P=? rs: P Φ CD: PP 1 3 P- P- SD P 1 PP n cn Φ P n Φ φ cn rt SD p- cn P =

SD P- CD: P rt SD rt J Ω Ω CΛ φ P- pr vq cn P SD rt rt Φ Ω Φ cnSD P- CD: P rt SD rt J Ω Ω CΛ φ P- pr vq cn P SD rt rt Φ Ω Φ cn

P φ P tr P rt N tr Öd P- φ tr tr CΛ P vq O: cn φ φ P O lO s: O P P- s: P tr Hl cnP φ P tr P rt N tr Öd P- φ tr tr CΛ P vq O: cn φ φ P O lO s: O P P-s: P tr Hl cn

P 3 O: tr H, Φ Φ P Φ Φ pr φ P Ω pr P P- P P φ P- P P φ rt SD Φ P Φ P- P: P P cn P1 <! rt SD P ? pr P φ P SD P rt <! P Ω φ φ tr P1 P α P Ω pr Φ Φ rt φ 3 φ 3 o ω φ Ω P- P Ch Φ TJ Q, pr SD H-P 3 O: tr H, Φ Φ P Φ Φ pr φ P Ω pr P P- PP φ P- PP φ rt SD Φ P Φ P- P: PP cn P 1 <! rt SD P? pr P φ P SD P rt <! P Ω φ φ tr P 1 P α P Ω pr Φ Φ rt φ 3 φ 3 o ω φ Ω P- P Ch Φ TJ Q, pr SD H-

P N φ Φ Φ 3 tr P P- P P P SD P P P s: TJ P1 s Φ Φ ?r P SD J φPN φ Φ Φ 3 tr P P- PPP SD PPP s: TJ P 1 s Φ Φ? R P SD J φ

P P- P 3 P- φ Ω - O EP P- vq 3 P- Φ SD p P P cn 3 cn P- tr P s: SD cn P o Hi rt • cn cn SD P tr Φ 3 cn Φ j3 cn Φ P 3 rt Φ Ph SD P- p- Φ p- φ P SD P- P- N p-P P- P 3 P- φ Ω - O EP P- vq 3 P- Φ SD p PP cn 3 cn P- tr P s: SD cn P o Hi rt • cn cn SD P tr Φ 3 cn Φ j3 cn Φ P 3 rt Φ Ph SD P- p- Φ p- φ P SD P- P- N p-

SD P: TJ Φ Ω P D P 3 rt P- α TJ P- o cn P1 rt P Ω P H-" 3 P P- P cn tr SD w α 1 pr N CΛ P- CΛ rt Φ α • SD φ Φ Ω P cn tr pr s; P. P-1 oSD P: TJ Φ Ω PDP 3 rt P- α TJ P- o cn P 1 rt P Ω P H- "3 P P- P cn tr SD w α 1 pr N CΛ P- CΛ rt Φ α • SD φ Φ Ω P cn tr pr s; P. P- 1 o

Φ P cn P- tr φ φ P φ rt P Φ < r & P P- tr Q. φ Φ P- Cu: Φ Φ 3 •^ α rt p- t P- ΩΦ P cn P- tr φ φ P φ rt P Φ <r & P P- tr Q. φ Φ P- Cu: Φ Φ 3 • ^ α rt p- t P- Ω

P Φ rt Φ Φ P- P P P o D P cn P cn Φ P p- SD P P P- <! P pr rt P Φ P P P tr Φ tr rt P Φ Φ P P P rt Φ P SD α P cn p- 3 Φ rt s: P HlP Φ rt Φ Φ P- P P P o D P cn P cn Φ P p- SD P P P- <! P pr rt P Φ P P P tr Φ tr rt P Φ Φ P P P rt Φ P SD α P cn p- 3 Φ rt s: P Hl

P* α rt P φ O: Q P Φ P1 P P Φ Hi Ω P 3 PJ N SD Hl φ φ cn P rt P- SD P. PP * α rt P φ O: QP Φ P 1 PP Φ Hi Ω P 3 P J N SD Hl φ φ cn P rt P- SD P. P

SD P pr ω P P SD Pi P- SD P. P vq pr O φ P- P 3 SD φ P- φ P Φ oSD P pr ω P P SD Pi P- SD P. P vq pr O φ P- P 3 SD φ P- φ P Φ o

P. O φ SD P cn Φ P. α Φ P1 P 3 ^ P Ω J Ω P ?r P P t"1 Φ P, ÄP. O φ SD P cn Φ P. α Φ P 1 P 3 ^ P Ω J Ω P? R PP t " 1 Φ P, Ä

P sä Ω P P rt φ Φ PJ φ P P SD Φ CΛ P P- P pr SD Hi pr Φ rt α CU: P P Φ P- PP sä Ω PP rt φ Φ P J φ PP SD Φ CΛ P P- P pr SD Hi pr Φ rt α CU: PP Φ P- P

P SD: tr 3 tr P- tr P P P, P P P rt P P P- P cn tr cn Ω s: P Φ P p- φ φ sQ Ö P- o-- φ φ rt sQ CJ- TJ P α P N SD ω rt P rt tr rt P- vP P rt P P cn 3 < CΛ P P H-1 P- TJ CΛ Φ φ Ω Φ ? - cn cn P- P- P Φ cn φ Ω P. CΛ Φ φ Q NP SD: tr 3 tr P- tr PPP, PPP rt PP P- P cn tr cn Ω s: P Φ P p- φ φ sQ Ö P- o-- φ φ rt sQ CJ- TJ P α PN SD ω rt P rt tr rt P- vP P rt PP cn 3 <CΛ PP H- 1 P- TJ CΛ Φ φ Ω Φ? - cn cn P- P- P Φ cn φ Ω P. CΛ Φ φ QN

Φ Φ Ω TJ φ 3 r 1 SD cn SD H s: P SD P < φ Ω φ P < Ω P P- cn tr φ rt Öd P SD 1Φ Φ Ω TJ φ 3 r 1 SD cn SD H s: P SD P <φ Ω φ P <Ω P P- cn tr φ rt Öd P SD 1

SD 3 P pr Φ PJ P- SD rt P (D Φ cn cn tr o P- Φ pr P φ tr P- rt P Φ Φ cn φ cn ι-3SD 3 P pr Φ P J P- SD rt P (D Φ cn cn tr o P- Φ pr P φ tr P- rt P Φ Φ cn φ cn ι-3

3 φ tr φ P φ cn P P SD 3 P- rt Φ SD P P P PJ rt Φ tr Φ P P- P rt P1 φ P3 φ tr φ P φ cn PP SD 3 P- rt Φ SD PPPP J rt Φ tr Φ P P- P rt P 1 φ P

TJ P Φ ^« ?r Ω P P - P* TJ PJ P P TJ φ P « cn P- Φ P 1 h-" Φ Φ φ P ΦTJ P Φ ^ «? R Ω PP - P * TJ P J PP TJ φ P« cn P- Φ P 1 h- "Φ Φ φ P Φ

Φ vq CΛ t? rt tr vP SD P1 φ P- O rt SD P P TJ cn SD ö P rt P CΛ vP SD Φ P- r rt P-Φ vq CΛ t? rt tr vP SD P 1 φ P- O rt SD PP TJ cn SD ö P rt P CΛ vP SD Φ P- r rt P-

P φ CΛ p INI P Φ cn tr φ vP 3 P1 N P D cn S p- pr p- rt rtP φ CΛ p INI P Φ cn tr φ vP 3 P 1 NPD cn S p- pr p- rt rt

Φ tr • P- P H- P-1 M Ω Φ rt P1 trΦ tr • P- P H- P- 1 M Ω Φ rt P 1 tr

Φ tr Φ SD P- P s: P P φ P1 P Φ ? Φ φ TJ pr P P SD ΦΦ tr Φ SD P- P s: PP φ P 1 P Φ? Φ φ TJ pr PP SD Φ

P o ω CΛ Φ (D P φ p- P P- α rt Φ SD α P 3 PJ o P1 P Φ Φ P- (i PP o ω CΛ Φ (DP φ p- P P- α rt Φ SD α P 3 P J o P 1 P Φ Φ P- (i P

X φ rr TJ • Ω S 3 P P P P Cl): vq P- PJ P- vP tr P- P P rt P P cn P cn φ P- TJ tr SD cn TJ ≥; H P rt φ cn H" φ Cn SD rt Φ α Φ cn cn φ P- Ω P ΩX φ rr TJ • Ω S 3 PPPP Cl): vq P- P J P- vP tr P- PP rt PP cn P cn φ P- TJ tr SD cn TJ ≥; HP rt φ cn H "φ Cn SD rt Φ α Φ cn cn φ P- Ω P Ω

P- rt s: Φ φ cn SD φ P P1 vq C . vq Φ P φ φ CΛ P" TJ rt P Φ Φ TJ rt cn P 3 pr vq trP- rt s: Φ φ cn SD φ PP 1 vq C. vq Φ P φ φ CΛ P "TJ rt P Φ Φ TJ rt cn P 3 pr vq tr

SD P P- cn CΛ P1 SD: φ Φ Φ cn P P- φ SD SD Φ p- P P- P P SD φ cn SDSD P P- cn CΛ P 1 SD: φ Φ Φ cn P P- φ SD SD Φ p- P P- PP SD φ cn SD

P P P P S Φ φ p: P1 P P tr & P1 P P Φ cn 3 N P1 cn P cn 3 Φ O cn Q Φ tr cn q φ SD P tr • ιP P- r Φ SD N q Φ P J P- SD Φ P- Ω 3 φ SD P- S SD rtPPPPS Φ φ p: P 1 PP tr & P 1 PP Φ cn 3 NP 1 cn P cn 3 Φ O cn Q Φ tr cn q φ SD P tr • ιP P- r Φ SD N q Φ PJ P- SD Φ P - Ω 3 φ SD P- S SD rt

Φ Φ 3 cn SD rt Φ Cn P P 3 3 s; φ Öd Φ rt 3 cn φ n pr P cn P SD 3 PΦ Φ 3 cn SD rt Φ Cn P P 3 3 s; φ Öd Φ rt 3 cn φ n pr P cn P SD 3 P

P- vQ P ?r cn P t-> P rt ι O TJ P- P P t"1 φ P- P- Φ φ P SD Φ cn rf φ N cn TJ P φ • SD tu ro ιq SD cn Φ Hi P. - Φ cn ^, N Cu: P SD <! rt P Pi φ cn P rt P Φ cn φ vqP- vQ P? R cn P t-> P rt ι O TJ P- PP t "1 φ P- P- Φ φ P SD Φ cn rf φ N cn TJ P φ • SD tu ro ιq SD cn Φ Hi P . - Φ cn ^ , N Cu: P SD <! Rt P Pi φ cn P rt P Φ cn φ vq

P. P P Φ P. Ω P- p: Φ Φ Ω P- P φ P Φ rt Hi P Φ P. SD SU rt J ΦP. PP Φ P. Ω P- p: Φ Φ Ω P- P φ P Φ rt Hi P Φ P. SD SU rt J Φ

Φ P- Pl P Φ p- tr P pr I-' ι P P r SD φ vq P- Φ Φ P P P1 P p- ι_ι.Φ P- Pl P Φ p- tr P pr I- 'ι PP r SD φ vq P- Φ Φ PPP 1 P p- ι_ι.

P P P Ω P O P p: Φ P- tr P φ tr P CΛ Ω Q. t P- (D tr tr rt cn tr P (D Φ SD P Φ vq P- tr TJ vq cn P sΩ. P- tr P Φ rt rt pr P- O P P. rt SD rt P P P l_l. s:PPP Ω POP p: Φ P- tr P φ tr P CΛ Ω Q. t P- (D tr tr rt cn tr P (D Φ SD P Φ vq P- tr TJ vq cn P sΩ. P- tr P Φ rt rt pr P- OP P. rt SD rt PPP l_l. s:

Φ SD P- TJ cn cn cn Φ P Φ cn Φ TJ Φ P P- P SD EU P vq P vP p- ΦΦ SD P- TJ cn cn cn Φ P Φ cn Φ TJ Φ P P- P SD EU P vq P vP p- Φ

H. φ tr φ Φ 1 P- P- P- P. a. P- J 3 P <! P 1 P φ cn P P Φ pr P-H. φ tr φ Φ 1 P- P- P- P. a. P- J 3 P <! P 1 P φ cn P P Φ pr P-

Φ P PJ v P tr N Φ Φ 1 vP φ • XΦ PP J v P tr N Φ Φ 1 vP φ • X

Φ «• 1 vq o 1 P P1 Φ «• 1 vq o 1 PP 1

Φ P- rt P Φ P P φ cn P cn Ω φ cnΦ P- rt P Φ P P φ cn P cn Ω φ cn

3 3 P P 1 1 1 pr 3 3 3 PP 1 1 1 pr 3

erfindungsgemäßen Gasentladungslampe die Wärmeentwicklung in dem mittleren Bereich der Lampe deutlich reduziert ist.gas discharge lamp according to the invention, the heat development in the central region of the lamp is significantly reduced.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Be- leuchtungseinheit besteht die elektrische bzw. thermische Masse aus einem metallischen Lichtkasten, in dem die mindestens eine Gasentladungslampe in der Weise angeordnet ist, dass die Gasentladungslampe mit ihren Elektroden an einer Seite des Lichtkastens aus diesem herausragt und mit ihrem mittleren Bereich an der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Lichtkastens an diesem anliegt.In a preferred embodiment of the lighting unit according to the invention, the electrical or thermal mass consists of a metallic light box, in which the at least one gas discharge lamp is arranged in such a way that the gas discharge lamp protrudes with its electrodes on one side of the light box and with it middle area on the opposite side of the light box on this.

Um die elektrische Massefreiheit der Ausgangsanschlüsse der Hochfrequenz-Treiberschaltung zu erreichen, weist diese vor- zugsweise einen Ausgangsübertrager mit schaltungs- und lampenseitigen Wicklungen auf, wobei an den Enden der la pen- seitigen Wicklung die Ausgangsanschlüsse ausgebildet sind.In order to ensure that the output connections of the high-frequency driver circuit are free of electrical ground, the latter preferably has an output transformer with windings on the circuit and lamp side, the output connections being formed at the ends of the winding on the lamp side.

Zur weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung wird im folgenden auf die Figuren der Zeichnung Bezug genommen; im einzelnen zeigenTo further explain the invention, reference is made below to the figures of the drawing; show in detail

Figur 1 ein vereinfachtes Schaltungsbeispiel einer herkömmlichen Beleuchtungseinheit mit U-förmiger Gasentladungslampe und einer Hochfrequenz-Treiberschaltung,FIG. 1 shows a simplified circuit example of a conventional lighting unit with a U-shaped gas discharge lamp and a high-frequency driver circuit,

Figur 2 ein Beispiel für den Verlauf des Lampenstroms bei der bekannten Beleuchtungseinheit nach Figur 1,FIG. 2 shows an example of the course of the lamp current in the known lighting unit according to FIG. 1,

Figur 3 ein vereinfachtes Schaltungsbeispiel der erfin- dungsgemäßen Beleuchtungseinheit mit U-förmigerFIG. 3 shows a simplified circuit example of the lighting unit according to the invention with a U-shaped one

Gasentladungslampe und einer Hochfrequenz-Treiberschaltung,Gas discharge lamp and a high-frequency driver circuit,

Figur 4 ein Beispiel für den Verlauf des Lampenstroms bei der Beleuchtungseinheit nach Figur 3, Figur 5 ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Beleuchtungseinheit mit in einem Lichtkasten angeordneten Gasentladungslampen und4 shows an example of the course of the lamp current in the lighting unit according to FIG. 3, Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the lighting unit according to the invention with gas discharge lamps and arranged in a light box

Figur 6 einen Teilquerschnitt durch die in Figur 5 gezeigte Beleuchtungseinheit .Figure 6 shows a partial cross section through the lighting unit shown in Figure 5.

Figur 1 zeigt eine neben einer Edelgasfüllung auch eine geringe Quecksilbermenge enthaltende U-förmige Gasentladungs- la pe 1, die mit ihren Elektroden 2 und 3 an den Ausgangsanschlüssen 4 und 5 einer Hochfrequenz-Treiberschaltung 6 angeschlossen ist. Die Hochfrequenz-Treiberschaltung 6 enthält eine Treiberelektronik 7 und einen Ausgangsübertrager 8 mit einer schaltungsseitigen Wicklung 9 und einer lampenseitigen Wicklung 10, die an ihren Enden mit den Ausgangsanschlüssen 4 und 5 verbunden ist. Der Ausgangsanschluss 5 ist mit einer elektrischen Masse M verbunden. Aufgrund der Hochfrequenz- Ansteuerung der Gasentladungslampe 1 sind zwischen dieser und der elektrischen Masse M Streukapazitäten wirksam, die zur Streuverlusten führen. Die Streukapazitäten sind hier vereinfacht als Einzelkapazitäten Cs dargestellt, bilden aber tatsächlich einen kontinuierlichen Kapazitätsbelag über die Länge der Gasentladungslampe 1. Die Impedanz der Gasentladungsstrecke innerhalb der Gasentladungslampe 1 ist hier ebenfalls vereinfacht in Form von Einzelimpedanzen R zwischen den Streukapazitäten Cs dargestellt. Von dem an dem massefernen Ausgangsanschluss 4 in die Gasentladungslampe 1 einfließenden Lampenstrom I fließen über die Streukapazitäten Cs kontinuierlich Streuströme Is in Richtung der elektrischen Masse M ab, so dass an dem mit der elektrischen Masse M verbundenen Ausgangsanschluss 5 nur noch ein um die Summe aller Streuströme Is verminderter Lampenstrom I aus der Gasentladungslampe 1 austritt. Dadurch ergibt sich zum einen eine von der Elektrode 2 in Richtung auf die Elektrode 3 abnehmende Helligkeit der Gasentladungslampe 1 und zum anderen ein resultierendes Streufeld Hres in der Umgebung der Gasentladungslampe 1, da die Werte des Lampenstroms an jeweils einander o o IΌ ) l-1 P>FIG. 1 shows a U-shaped gas discharge lamp 1, which contains not only a noble gas filling but also a small amount of mercury, which electrodes 2 and 3 are connected to the output connections 4 and 5 of a high-frequency driver circuit 6. The high-frequency driver circuit 6 contains driver electronics 7 and an output transformer 8 with a winding 9 on the circuit side and a winding 10 on the lamp side, which ends are connected to the output connections 4 and 5. The output terminal 5 is connected to an electrical ground M. Due to the high-frequency control of the gas discharge lamp 1, stray capacitances are effective between it and the electrical mass M, which lead to stray losses. The stray capacitances are shown here in simplified form as individual capacitances C s , but actually form a continuous capacitance covering the length of the gas discharge lamp 1. The impedance of the gas discharge path within the gas discharge lamp 1 is also shown here in simplified form in the form of individual impedances R between the stray capacitances C s . From the lamp current I flowing into the gas discharge lamp 1 at the far-end output connection 4, stray currents I s flow continuously via the stray capacitances C s in the direction of the electrical ground M, so that only one sum is left at the output connection 5 connected to the electrical ground M. All stray currents I s reduced lamp current I emerges from the gas discharge lamp 1. This results, on the one hand, in a brightness of the gas discharge lamp 1 decreasing from the electrode 2 in the direction of the electrode 3 and, on the other hand, in a resulting stray field H res in the vicinity of the gas discharge lamp 1, since the values of the lamp current on each other oo IΌ) l- 1 P>

Cπ o Cπ O Cπ o cπCπ o Cπ O Cπ o cπ

cn tr P1 SD h-1 CΛ LJ. P- SD ffi P- 3 tr cn P. φ s oα vP S 3 P- cn tr P- 3 ö SD i r ^ Cn P1 Pcn tr P 1 SD h- 1 CΛ LJ. P- SD ffi P- 3 tr cn P. φ s oα vP S 3 P- cn tr P- 3 ö SD ir ^ Cn P 1 P

O Φ SD P SD Φ rt φ SD P Cu: 3 CD: SD Φ φ P SD φ SD P- Φ P Ω Φ φ Cu: SD tr o P- P- Cu: 3O Φ SD P SD Φ rt φ SD P Cu: 3 CD: SD Φ φ P SD φ SD P- Φ P Ω Φ φ Cu: SD tr o P- P- Cu: 3

P 3 P P s: pr EP P P rt cn p vq ω rt l-1 pr P- P EP cn P P vq P P 3 . TJ φ P Φ Φ Φ Φ Hi φ Φ Λ tr φ cn Φ Φ P- D Φ φ rt P vq P-P 3 PP s: pr EP PP rt cn p vq ω rt l- 1 pr P- P EP cn PP vq PP 3. TJ φ P Φ Φ Φ Φ Hi φ Φ Λ tr φ cn Φ Φ P- D Φ φ rt P vq P-

SD tr Φ P- P M P P- P P rt P P P Φ vq SD φ Φ tr φ P- P pr Φ tr P P- B* P- P cn rt cn φ P P v P1 cn P1 Φ φ rt P P P φ P P rt Φ P 3 P P rt rt cn rt tr SD cn φ rt CΛ D P φ öd CΛ tr P P g P S SD P< φ P > rT Dd φ P M P Φ ΦSD tr Φ P- PMP P- PP rt PPP Φ vq SD φ Φ tr φ P- P pr Φ tr P P- B * P- P cn rt cn φ PP v P 1 cn P 1 Φ φ rt PPP φ PP rt Φ P 3 PP rt rt cn rt tr SD cn φ rt CΛ DP φ öd CΛ tr PP g PS SD P <φ P> rT Dd φ PMP Φ Φ

P 0): P H-1 tr P P P φ rt P- P P φ φ P CD: 3 P P P Φ ^ P P- α P- T SD P- SU rt O: cn w φ cn P" P P v <! P- P SD α P vq cn P P-1 P- p. φ N P" trP 0): P H- 1 tr PPP φ rt P- PP φ φ P CD: 3 PPP Φ ^ P P- α P- T SD P- SU rt O: cn w φ cn P "PP v <! P- P SD α P vq cn P P- 1 P- p. Φ NP "tr

Φ vp Hi φ 3 P 3 Φ tr cu: P Ω φ Φ cn cn Φ P Hi P Φ vq 3 vq P φ φ P φ P Φ (D p- n rt P TJ o Φ P- Φ P* tr P P P CU: PJ P φ SD vp P cn P- σi rt P P P P* P- P PΦ vp Hi φ 3 P 3 Φ tr cu: P Ω φ Φ cn cn Φ P Hi P Φ vq 3 vq P φ φ P φ P Φ (D p- n rt P TJ o Φ P- Φ P * tr PPP CU : P J P φ SD vp P cn P- σi rt PPPP * P- PP

P 3 Φ φ P P- Hi Q P- Ω ?r P rt SD tr PJ Φ rt rt P Φ Ω P P- vq rtP 3 Φ φ P P- Hi Q P- Ω? R P rt SD tr P J Φ rt rt P Φ Ω P P- vq rt

CD: P P Φ φ p. rt SD Φ tr CD vq N 3 P S PJ ?r < Φ rt 3 vq P pr < Ω rt Φ Φ vPCD: PP Φ φ p. rt SD Φ tr CD vq N 3 PSP J ? r <Φ rt 3 vq P pr <Ω rt Φ Φ vP

P EP P P1 P w P Φ Φ cn rt TJ 1 J P P- cn O Φ P- h-1 SD cn rt co φ pr P P Φ φ P- pr 3 P- P Φ P LJ. P- φ P, rt TJ P h-1 Φ cn SD Öd P P tr cn vq cn vq Φ P- pr I\3P EP PP 1 P w P Φ Φ cn rt TJ 1 JP P- cn O Φ P- h- 1 SD cn rt co φ pr PP Φ φ P- pr 3 P- P Φ P LJ. P- φ P, rt TJ P h- 1 Φ cn SD Öd PP tr cn vq cn vq Φ P- pr I \ 3

P 3 P N P N Φ Ω Φ rt TJ tr Φ P cn P Φ P vq P1 p: φ Ω O ΦP 3 PNPN Φ Ω Φ rt TJ tr Φ P cn P Φ P vq P 1 p: φ Ω O Φ

P P rt P- SD H P- rt P vq P- tr l-1 P Φ P- Φ P Φ Φ CΛ t-> vq φ SD tr P- pr SU PPP rt P- SD H P- rt P vq P- tr l- 1 P Φ P- Φ P Φ Φ CΛ t-> vq φ SD tr P- pr SU P

PJ vq <! rt P tr tr X I-1 φ 1— ' cn rt O Φ P φ P- P P. P Hi Ω Φ cn N P φ CΛ P- cn p: rf P-1 O Φ N P- Φ cn fu φ cu: Ω P Φ CΛ rt P- Φ P pr P Φ φ Hi P TJ Φ Φ trP J vq <! rt P tr tr X I- 1 φ 1— 'cn rt O Φ P φ P- P P. P Hi Ω Φ cn NP φ CΛ P- cn p: rf P- 1 O Φ N P- Φ cn fu φ cu : Ω P Φ CΛ rt P- Φ P pr P Φ φ Hi P TJ Φ Φ tr

P- Φ P 1 s: Φ 3 tT φ Φ P- rt tr p- Φ P φ P td Φ Ω P- P- p- P, P φP- Φ P 1 s: Φ 3 tT φ Φ P- rt tr p- Φ P φ P td Φ Ω P- P- p- P, P φ

Φ P- vq tr φ . P- SD rt P P 3 P Φ öd P P- N SD p- P φ P- p: tr P vq α φ rt PΦ P- vq tr φ. P- SD rt P P 3 P Φ öd P P- N SD p- P φ P- p: tr P vq α φ rt P

P Ω φ SD P- -- P P pr P ? φ φ P SD 3 CΛ Q P CΛ rf pr rt φ P- PJ P- P*P Ω φ SD P- - PP pr P? φ φ P SD 3 CΛ QP CΛ rf pr rt φ P- P J P- P *

Φ tr P P O co φ Φ O C vq öd Φ Φ rt J TJ rt CΛ (D Φ CΛ CΛ P Φ Φ cn φ pr Ω su P-Φ tr P P O co φ Φ O C vq öd Φ Φ rt J TJ rt CΛ (D Φ CΛ CΛ P Φ Φ cn φ pr Ω su P-

P P pr P P P. p- cn φ P- O P- P N Hi φ . p- cn P- P- Φ P P- su pr P- φ vq Hi vP rr SD Φ φ p- rt Dl P P- ≤ P P P P Φ Ω P vq rt CΛ P1 P1 Pi Φ P vPP pr PP P. p- cn φ P- O P- PN Hi φ. p- cn P- P- Φ P P- su pr P- φ vq Hi vP rr SD Φ φ p- rt Dl P P- ≤ PPPP Φ Ω P vq rt CΛ P 1 P 1 Pi Φ P v

P Φ φ P K S! P CΛ Φ Φ 3 P cn S! P- P tr ^ cn Ω SD CD: rt P φ cn o P vq SD cn Cu: Φ Φ 3 TJ CΛ Hi tr P vq Φ p- rt Φ P tr 3 P C vp PP Φ φ P K S! P CΛ Φ Φ 3 P cn S! P- P tr ^ cn Ω SD CD: rt P φ cn o P vq SD cn Cu: Φ Φ 3 TJ CΛ Hi tr P vq Φ p- rt Φ P tr 3 P C vp P

E Φ Φ tr 1— ' P M P TJ P- rt 1— ' öd vq tr P- φ \~- P1 P P P- P SU TJ vq rr cn p.E Φ Φ tr 1— 'PMP TJ P- rt 1—' öd vq tr P- φ \ ~ - P 1 PP P- P SU TJ vq rr cn p.

CΛ P P N p- Hi rt φ φ P P- Φ C cn Φ φ rt T SD P1 P P P rt φ φ φ P P1 φ rt P p: P P rr P N PJ Φ Φ Φ cn N tr P- pr Φ rt Λ EP vq SD P. P P Φ su PCΛ PPN p- Hi rt φ φ P P- Φ C cn Φ φ rt T SD P 1 PPP rt φ φ φ PP 1 φ rt P p: PP rr PNP J Φ Φ Φ cn N tr P- pr Φ rt Λ EP vq SD P. PP Φ su P

P P CΛ tr Pi φ H P P I—1 P ΦPP CΛ tr Pi φ HPPI— 1 P Φ

Φ rt φ SD ^ P P- Hi P cn Φ P v<* p: Φ vq φ TJ P φ P P cn P1 P P P Φ cn SD P S Hi M TJ CΛ P P 3 D Cπ P- cn P rt SDΦ rt φ SD ^ P P- Hi P cn Φ P v <* p: Φ vq φ TJ P φ PP cn P 1 PPP Φ cn SD PS Hi M TJ CΛ PP 3 D Cπ P- cn P rt SD

P P P P- SD pr SD rt rf cn φ Hi rt N vq SD rt Ω vq P α P Φ Φ rtP P P P- SD pr SD rt rf cn φ Hi rt N vq SD rt Ω vq P α P Φ Φ rt

Hi tr Φ P1 [-• Ω P- P co P- Φ Ω P P SD rt P- SD S P P- cn cn cn pr cn o φ Hi P1 ΦHi tr Φ P 1 [- • Ω P- P co P- Φ Ω PP SD rt P- SD SP P- cn cn cn pr cn o φ Hi P 1 Φ

Φ Φ P P- Φ pr Φ Pi Φ P pr O: SD cn P Ω P- P- rtΦ Φ P P- Φ pr Φ Pi Φ P pr O: SD cn P Ω P- P- rt

P P P" o cn Φ P φ trP P P "o cn Φ P φ tr

^ 3 P vq & P1 P" ^ 3 P vq & P 1 P "

PJ tr Hi φ P rt P . EP D 3 vq φ P- pr Ω Ω P- SD P SD P- Φ cn P Φ P"P J tr Hi φ P rt P. EP D 3 vq φ P- pr Ω Ω P- SD P SD P- Φ cn P Φ P "

P. Φ Φ v • P Φ Φ P ^ Φ Ω tr P Φ CΛ tr pr < 3 CL & Ω P. P- • cn P P P φP. Φ Φ v • P Φ Φ P ^ Φ Ω tr P Φ CΛ tr pr <3 CL & Ω P. P- • cn P P P φ

P P1 φ P cn P P P cn p- rt P Φ TJ o P- α tr φ cn SD P P P φ α P σ v SD 3 . Hi vP H tr > PJ P Φ 3 P P1 SD φ P Φ o rt TJ cn P rtPP 1 φ P cn PPP cn p- rt P Φ TJ o P- α tr φ cn SD PPP φ α P σ v SD 3. Hi vP H tr> P J P Φ 3 PP 1 SD φ P Φ o rt TJ cn P rt

P cn Φ P- cn Q P> P ω P SD P P P- P rt P rt Ω ^ p- Φ !-> Φ P. rt p- P φ Φ N Φ tr SD ö P- P ^ Φ Hi P. vq rt vq P1 Q pr P- cn Φ P P - α P Φ cn Ω P P Φ cn Φ φ P vq P (D φ s: SD Hi vq P- rt Φ P cn P rt tr Pl <! P rt p. Φ P EP s: P P N & S P1 P P- P: o cn P P Ω P P ΩP cn Φ P- cn QP > P ω P SD PP P- P rt P rt Ω ^ p- Φ! -> Φ P. rt p- P φ Φ N Φ tr SD ö P- P ^ Φ Hi P. vq rt vq P 1 Q pr P- cn Φ PP - α P Φ cn Ω PP Φ cn Φ φ P vq P (D φ s: SD Hi vq P- rt Φ P cn P rt tr Pl <! P rt p. Φ P EP s: PPN & SP 1 P P- P: o cn PP Ω PP Ω

Φ H- CΛ O I—1 P- P φ O P- tr P vq P cn Φ o vq P tr Φ φ P pr SU & pr tr pr vP rt P φ φ rt Φ P S SD P rr P1 P P> P cn rt P φ φ φ α P rP φ CΛ p- φ P- P- vq SD P Φ P PJ Φ ΦΦ H- CΛ OI— 1 P- P φ O P- tr P vq P cn Φ o vq P tr Φ φ P pr SU & pr tr pr vP rt P φ φ rt Φ PS SD P rr P 1 PP> P cn rt P φ φ φ α P rP φ CΛ p- φ P- P- vq SD P Φ PP J Φ Φ

. - Q- P P- rt P P1 P P rt m φ P- vp P P1 rt P rt SD 3 P cn P- SD P P Φ φ φ φ Φ H Φ o P P α P. φ - PJ Φ rt P TJ P φ P- 3 P Φ cn P φ P P Φ vq φ Φ φ, - Q- P P- rt PP 1 PP rt m φ P- vp PP 1 rt P rt SD 3 P cn P- SD PP Φ φ φ φ Φ H Φ o PP α P. φ - P J Φ rt P TJ P φ P- 3 P Φ cn P φ PP Φ vq φ Φ φ

H P φH P φ

K 3 Φ vP α P φ - P- P φ TJ Φ P Φ rt φ P- tr N SD P cn P P P- PK 3 Φ vP α P φ - P- P φ TJ Φ P Φ rt φ P- tr N SD P cn P P P- P

3 cn P cn P P P φ P- Hl P φ P- P tr 3 Φ ?r P Φ P 1 α Pi <! Ω3 cn P cn P P P φ P- Hl P φ P- P tr 3 Φ? R P Φ P 1 α Pi <! Ω

Φ P1 ' P vq cn SD P φ P- Ω n- tr rt rt P- P- SD Φ cn α SD Φ SD Ω cn rr P cn P P P Pl P Φ Φ pr TJΦ P 1 'P vq cn SD P φ P- Ω n- tr rt rt P- P- SD Φ cn α SD Φ SD Ω cn rr P cn PPP Pl P Φ Φ pr TJ

3 P- P i-5 pr vq P Φ P IO C vq P P 3 P 3 P -J. φ 3 P pr P SU p- rt l P" P Hi φ φ3 P- P i- 5 pr vq P Φ P IO C vq PP 3 P 3 P -J. φ 3 P pr P SU p- rt l P "P Hi φ φ

P P φ P- P P- P- P φ cn φ Ω α TJ vp cn P rt P- P P TJ SD O p- P P <! tr P- cn rt cn cn Φ P P- pr öd P Φ P Φ rt SD rt vq P, φ cn φ 3 3 P φ D Φ Ω P rt Ω P SD tr φ P cn P SD P1 tr P SD P- TJ Φ φ Φ vq cn P rt P pr SD pr rt J 3 Φ P- vq rt P PJ PP φ P- P P- P- P φ cn φ Ω α TJ vp cn P rt P- PP TJ SD O p- PP <! tr P- cn rt cn cn Φ P P- pr öd P Φ P Φ rt SD rt vq P, φ cn φ 3 3 P φ D Φ Ω P rt Ω P SD tr φ P cn P SD P 1 tr P SD P - TJ Φ φ Φ vq cn P rt P pr SD pr rt J 3 Φ P- vq rt PP J

Φ S iΦ S i

P. Φ cn cn P » Φ φ ≤ P P f 3 Hi φ vq Φ Φ SD TJ P cn cn Φ tr φP. Φ cn cn P »Φ φ ≤ P P f 3 Hi φ vq Φ Φ SD TJ P cn cn Φ tr φ

P P cu P- rt Φ Φ 0 v φ p: cn P φ • t P- P Φ 1 SD TJ vqPP cu P- rt Φ Φ 0 v φ p: cn P φ • t P- P Φ 1 SD TJ vq

Φ Hi | P, P P <i I-1 p- Ω φ pr P- P-Φ Hi | P, PP <i I- 1 p- Ω φ pr P- P-

1 P cu P SD SD cn P- φ φ1 P cu P SD SD cn P- φ φ

P φ O rr o ω P P. Φ cn cn P P1 P1 CΛ Φ 1 PP φ O rr o ω P P. Φ cn cn PP 1 P 1 CΛ Φ 1 P

P 3 1 rt 1 1 1 P 1 P-1 P 3 1 rt 1 1 1 P 1 P- 1

Bereich der Gasentladungslampe 1 wird aufgrund der gewollten großen kapazitiven Kopplung mit der elektrischen Masse M der in der Gasentladungsstrecke fließende Lampenstrom erheblich reduziert. Die kapazitive Kopplung Cκ wirkt dabei wie ein Kurzschluss, der einen größeren Teil des Lampenstroms am Anfang des mittleren Bereichs 11 der Gasentladungslampe 1 aus der Gasentladungsstrecke abzweigt, an dem mittleren Bereich 11 vorbeiführt und am Ende des mittleren Bereichs 11 wieder in die Gasentladungsstrecke einspeist. Aufgrund des in dem mittleren Bereich 11 der Gasentladungslampe 1 reduzierten Lampenstroms ist dort auch die Wärmeentwicklung erheblich herabgesetzt, so dass hier die kälteste Stelle im Gasentladungsraum entsteht und das in der Gasatmosphäre enthaltene Quecksilber kondensieren kann. Auf diese Weise wird der Quecksilberdampfdruck im Gasentladungsraum geregelt.The area of the gas discharge lamp 1 is considerably reduced due to the desired large capacitive coupling with the electrical mass M of the lamp current flowing in the gas discharge path. The capacitive coupling C κ acts like a short circuit that branches off a larger part of the lamp current at the beginning of the central region 11 of the gas discharge lamp 1 from the gas discharge path, leads past the central region 11 and feeds it back into the gas discharge path at the end of the central region 11. Due to the reduced lamp current in the central region 11 of the gas discharge lamp 1, the heat development there is also considerably reduced, so that the coldest point is created in the gas discharge space and the mercury contained in the gas atmosphere can condense. In this way, the mercury vapor pressure in the gas discharge space is regulated.

Figur 4 zeigt ein Beispiel für den vorstehend erläuterten Verlauf des Lampenstroms über die Länge L der Gasentladungslampe 1.FIG. 4 shows an example of the above-described course of the lamp current over the length L of the gas discharge lamp 1.

Das in Figur 5 gezeigte Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Beleuchtungseinheit weist vier der in Figur 3 gezeigten Gasentladungslampen 1 auf, die nebeneinander liegend in der Weise in einem Lichtkasten 12 angeordnet sind, dass die Elek- troden 2 und 3 an einer Seite 13 des Lichtkastens 12 aus diesem herausragen und die Gasentladungslampen 1 mit ihren mittleren Bereichen 11 an der gegenüberliegenden Seite 14 des Lichtkastens 12 in elektrisch kapazitivem und in thermischem Kontakt anliegen. Der Lichtkasten 12 bildet dabei sowohl die elektrische Masse M als auch eine thermische Masse zum Ableiten der von den Gasentladungslampen 1 auf die Seite 14 übertragenen Wärme. Auf der Seite 13 des Lichtkastens 12 schließt sich ein Fach 15 zur Aufnahme der hier in einer Einheit 16 zusammengefassten Hochfrequenz-Treiberschaltungen 6 für die einzelnen Leuchtstofflampen 1 an. Der Lichtkasten 12 ist innenseitig verspiegelt und, wie Figur 6 in einem Teilquerschnitt durch die Beleuchtungseinheit nach Figur 5 zeigt, auf der dem Betrachter zugewandten Seite mit einem Diffusor 17 zur gleichmäßigen Lichtverteilung abgeschlossen.The exemplary embodiment of the lighting unit according to the invention shown in FIG. 5 has four of the gas discharge lamps 1 shown in FIG. 3, which are arranged side by side in a light box 12 in such a way that the electrodes 2 and 3 on one side 13 of the light box 12 are made of the same protrude and the gas discharge lamps 1 rest with their central regions 11 on the opposite side 14 of the light box 12 in electrically capacitive and in thermal contact. The light box 12 forms both the electrical mass M and a thermal mass for dissipating the heat transferred from the gas discharge lamps 1 to the side 14. On the side 13 of the light box 12 there is a compartment 15 for accommodating the high-frequency driver circuits 6, which are combined here in a unit 16, for the individual fluorescent lamps 1. The light box 12 is mirrored on the inside and, as FIG. 6 shows in a partial cross section through the lighting unit according to FIG. 5, on the side facing the viewer with a diffuser 17 for uniform light distribution.

Die kapazitive Ankopplung des mittleren Bereichs 11 der Gas- entladungslampe 1 an die von dem Lichtkasten 12 gebildete elektrische Masse M kann beispielsweise durch einen Metallbelag auf der betreffenden Stelle der Gasentladungslampe 1 oder durch geeignete Anordnung eines Blechteils verstärkt werden. Auch kann die Gasentladungslampe 1 mit ihrem mittleren Be- reich 11 in einer passenden Ausnehmung in der Seite 14 des Lichtkasten 12 angeordnet sein oder alternativ zu dem Beispiel nach Figur 5 außen an dem Lichtkasten 12 anliegen. Die thermische und elektrische Masseankopplung kann schließlich mittels Wärmeleitpaste erhöht werden. The capacitive coupling of the central region 11 of the gas discharge lamp 1 to the electrical mass M formed by the light box 12 can be reinforced, for example, by a metal coating on the relevant point of the gas discharge lamp 1 or by a suitable arrangement of a sheet metal part. The gas discharge lamp 1 with its central region 11 can also be arranged in a suitable recess in the side 14 of the light box 12 or, alternatively to the example according to FIG. 5, can rest against the light box 12. The thermal and electrical ground coupling can finally be increased using thermal paste.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Beleuchtungseinheit mit mindestens einer im Wesentlichen U-förmigen Gasentladungslampe (1), die Quecksilber zur Gas- entladung enthält und mit ihren Elektroden (2, 3) an Aus- gangsanschlüssen (4, 5) einer Hochfrequenz-Treiberschaltung (6) angeschlossen ist, wobei die Ausgangsanschlüsse (4, 5) der Hochfrequenz-Treiberschaltung (6) jeweils elektrisch massefrei sind und die Gasentladungslampe (1) in ihrem mittleren Bereich (11) kapazitiv an eine elektrische Masse (M) angekoppelt ist.1. Lighting unit with at least one essentially U-shaped gas discharge lamp (1), which contains mercury for gas discharge and is connected with its electrodes (2, 3) to output connections (4, 5) of a high-frequency driver circuit (6) , The output connections (4, 5) of the high-frequency driver circuit (6) are each electrically free of earth and the gas discharge lamp (1) is capacitively coupled to an electrical earth (M) in its central region (11). 2. Beleuchtungseinheit nach Anspruch 1, dadurch ge k enn z e i chne t , dass die mindestens eine Gasent- ladungslampe (1) zusätzlich in ihrem mittleren Bereich (11) an eine thermische Masse angekoppelt ist.2. Lighting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one gas discharge lamp (1) is additionally coupled in its central region (11) to a thermal mass. 3. Beleuchtungseinheit nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadur ch ge k enn z e i chne t , dass die elektrische und/oder thermische Masse (M) aus einem metallischen Lichtkasten (12) besteht, in dem die mindestens eine Gasentladungslampe (1) in der Weise angeordnet ist, dass die Gasentladungslampe (1) mit ihren Elektroden (2, 3) an einer Seite (13) des Lichtkastens (12) aus diesem herausragt und mit ihrem mittleren Bereich (11) an der gegenüberliegenden Seite (14) des Lichtkastens (12) an diesem anliegt.3. Lighting unit according to claim 1 or 2, so that the electrical and / or thermal mass (M) consists of a metallic light box (12) in which the at least one gas discharge lamp (1) in such a way it is arranged that the gas discharge lamp (1) projects with its electrodes (2, 3) on one side (13) of the light box (12) and with its central region (11) on the opposite side (14) of the light box (12 ) is attached to this. 4. Beleuchtungseinheit nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, d a du r ch g e k enn z e i chn e t , dass die Hochfrequenz-Treiberschaltung (6) einen Ausgangsübertrager (8) mit schaltungs- und lampenseitigen Wicklungen (9, 10) aufweist und dass die Ausgangsanschlüsse (4, 5) an den Enden der lampenseitigen Wicklung (10) ausgebildet sind. 4. Lighting unit according to one of the preceding claims, since you r ch gek enn zei chn et that the high-frequency driver circuit (6) has an output transformer (8) with circuit and lamp-side windings (9, 10) and that the output connections (4th , 5) are formed at the ends of the winding (10) on the lamp side.
EP01962641A 2000-08-16 2001-08-16 Lighting unit comprising at least one, substantially u-shaped gas discharge lamp Withdrawn EP1309984A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10039966 2000-08-16
DE10039966A DE10039966A1 (en) 2000-08-16 2000-08-16 Lighting unit with at least one essentially U-shaped gas discharge lamp
PCT/DE2001/003130 WO2002015227A1 (en) 2000-08-16 2001-08-16 Lighting unit comprising at least one, substantially u-shaped gas discharge lamp

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1309984A1 true EP1309984A1 (en) 2003-05-14

Family

ID=7652580

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01962641A Withdrawn EP1309984A1 (en) 2000-08-16 2001-08-16 Lighting unit comprising at least one, substantially u-shaped gas discharge lamp

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6822398B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1309984A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2004507044A (en)
KR (1) KR100846684B1 (en)
DE (1) DE10039966A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002015227A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3852307B2 (en) * 2001-07-13 2006-11-29 ウシオ電機株式会社 Light source device
JP2005190835A (en) * 2003-12-25 2005-07-14 Funai Electric Co Ltd Backlight device for liquid crystal television
KR101016289B1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2011-02-22 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 Backlight unit
DE102004056304B4 (en) * 2004-11-22 2007-04-05 Minebea Co., Ltd. Lighting arrangement with a fluorescent lamp, in particular a cold cathode lamp
WO2006120626A2 (en) * 2005-05-12 2006-11-16 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Illumination system for illuminating display devices, and display device comprising such an illumination system
KR101142077B1 (en) * 2005-05-30 2012-05-03 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 U-shape Exterior Electrode Fluorescent Lamp, backlight assembly and Liquid Crystal Display device using the same
WO2007042968A1 (en) * 2005-10-11 2007-04-19 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Lcd backlighting unit
TWI394130B (en) * 2008-03-26 2013-04-21 Au Optronics Corp Lcd and backlight module thereof

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01104643U (en) * 1988-01-04 1989-07-14
JPH03185795A (en) * 1989-12-14 1991-08-13 Toshiba Lighting & Technol Corp circuit board equipment
JPH04264426A (en) * 1991-02-19 1992-09-21 Sony Corp Light source device
US5309062A (en) * 1992-05-20 1994-05-03 Progressive Technology In Lighting, Inc. Three-way compact fluorescent lamp system utilizing an electronic ballast having a variable frequency oscillator
JPH0644279U (en) * 1992-11-25 1994-06-10 シチズン時計株式会社 Lighting equipment
JPH08122776A (en) * 1994-10-24 1996-05-17 Seiko Epson Corp Backlight for LCD TV
US5767630A (en) * 1996-09-18 1998-06-16 Linear Technology Corporation Methods and apparatus for obtaining floating output drive to fluorescent lamps and minimizing installation requirements

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL8802127A (en) * 1987-09-17 1989-04-17 Roehm Gmbh PRODUCTS CONSTRUCTED FROM COMPATIBLE POLYMER MIXTURES.
JPH02157789A (en) * 1988-12-09 1990-06-18 Toshiba Corp Back-light device
US5485057A (en) * 1993-09-02 1996-01-16 Smallwood; Robert C. Gas discharge lamp and power distribution system therefor
KR960706281A (en) * 1993-11-03 1996-11-08 다글러스 이. 스코트 HIGH EFFICIENCY UV BACKLIGHTING SYSTEM FOR REAR ILLUMINATION OF ELECTRONIC DISPLAY DEVICES
JPH07272521A (en) * 1994-03-29 1995-10-20 Nec Home Electron Ltd Backlight unit
TW426203U (en) 1996-09-18 2001-03-11 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Backlight luminaire
US6100653A (en) * 1996-10-16 2000-08-08 Tapeswitch Corporation Inductive-resistive fluorescent apparatus and method
US5909085A (en) * 1997-03-17 1999-06-01 Korry Electronics Co. Hybrid luminosity control system for a fluorescent lamp
JP3687881B2 (en) * 1997-07-08 2005-08-24 富士通株式会社 Discharge tube and discharge method of discharge tube
GB9803587D0 (en) * 1998-02-23 1998-04-15 Smiths Industries Plc Gas discharge lamps and systems
US6040778A (en) * 1998-04-20 2000-03-21 France/Scott Fetzer Company Neon power supply with midpoint ground detection and diagnostic functions
US6359761B1 (en) * 2000-03-22 2002-03-19 Maf Technologies, Corp. Secondary ground fault protection

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01104643U (en) * 1988-01-04 1989-07-14
JPH0641335Y2 (en) * 1988-01-04 1994-10-26 東芝ライテック株式会社 Fluorescent discharge lamp for equipment
JPH03185795A (en) * 1989-12-14 1991-08-13 Toshiba Lighting & Technol Corp circuit board equipment
JPH04264426A (en) * 1991-02-19 1992-09-21 Sony Corp Light source device
JP3220993B2 (en) * 1991-02-19 2001-10-22 ソニー株式会社 Light source device
US5309062A (en) * 1992-05-20 1994-05-03 Progressive Technology In Lighting, Inc. Three-way compact fluorescent lamp system utilizing an electronic ballast having a variable frequency oscillator
JPH0644279U (en) * 1992-11-25 1994-06-10 シチズン時計株式会社 Lighting equipment
JPH08122776A (en) * 1994-10-24 1996-05-17 Seiko Epson Corp Backlight for LCD TV
US5767630A (en) * 1996-09-18 1998-06-16 Linear Technology Corporation Methods and apparatus for obtaining floating output drive to fluorescent lamps and minimizing installation requirements

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO0215227A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2004507044A (en) 2004-03-04
KR100846684B1 (en) 2008-07-16
WO2002015227A1 (en) 2002-02-21
US20040051431A1 (en) 2004-03-18
DE10039966A1 (en) 2002-03-07
US6822398B2 (en) 2004-11-23
KR20030036696A (en) 2003-05-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE68908214T2 (en) Electrodeless low pressure discharge lamp.
DE69529008T2 (en) Electrodeless fluorescent lamp
EP1309984A1 (en) Lighting unit comprising at least one, substantially u-shaped gas discharge lamp
DE69310314T2 (en) Arc tube with an ignition source
DE69214681T2 (en) High-frequency tube light system
EP0474065B1 (en) Vessel for compact discharge tubes
DE3344020A1 (en) GAS DISCHARGE LAMP
EP1137050A1 (en) Capacitive coupling structure for low pressure discharge lamp
EP2215895A2 (en) High-frequency lamp and method for the operation thereof
DE2821826A1 (en) GAS DISCHARGE DEVICE WITH NO SOURCE ELECTRIC FIELD
EP1506567B1 (en) Dielectric barrier discharge lamp with a base
EP1334510B1 (en) Dielectric-barrier discharge lamp
EP1043757B1 (en) Gas discharge lamp
DE2118828C3 (en) High pressure sodium vapor discharge lamp
EP0566975B1 (en) Single-ended high pressure discharge lamp
DE602004008259T2 (en) GAS DISCHARGE LAMP
DE2363843A1 (en) METAL IODIDE VAPOR DISCHARGE LAMP
EP2054922A2 (en) Low pressure discharge lamp
US6118217A (en) Additional electrode for three-level output and improved starting of compact fluorescent lamp systems
EP0230051B1 (en) High-pressure discharge lamp and method for its manufacture
EP0179251A2 (en) Mercury vapour low-pressure discharge lamp having a single base
DE4220690A1 (en) Electronic ballast circuit for compact fluorescent lamp - has SMD devices mounted on circuit board with height profile matching shape of socket
US6064152A (en) Electrically conductive cylinder for improved starting of compact fluorescent lamp systems
DE3324081A1 (en) Mercury-vapour high-pressure discharge lamp
DE712542C (en) Arrangement for alternating current operation of an electric mixed light lamp, which consists of a mercury overpressure discharge tube and an incandescent body connected upstream of the discharge tubes, which is enclosed in a containment vessel containing phosphors

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20030120

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL LT LV MK RO SI

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): DE FR GB

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: WAMMES & PARTNER GMBH

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20100615

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20140311