EP1273729A2 - Element of brick material for making prefabricated panels for the construction industry - Google Patents

Abstract

A longitudinal protrusion (8) is formed on the first side of a base, and a longitudinal recess (9) is formed on the second side of the base. A main protrusion comprising a surface which is shorter than the length of the base is extended from the base. At least one longitudinal through opening is disposed in at least one of the base and the main protrusion. The longitudinal protrusion has an external shape which is complementary to and adapted to fit within the longitudinal recess of another brick material building element. An Independent claim is also included for a method of building a structure using multiple brick material building elements.

Description

The present invention relates to a special element made of brick material to create prefabricated panels for walls and ceilings for residential buildings.

Similar elements made of brick material are from practical use and known from the patent literature. In particular, EP-0921243 shows which represents the prior art which of the present invention next comes an element of brick material and its application, which has already achieved a number of important advantages could be described in detail in the said patent were. The element made of brick material according to the prior art has a U-shaped cross-section, with a base and two wings, wherein the base and the two wings each have at least one continuous one Have longitudinal opening that extends over the entire length of the element. Furthermore, the two outer sides of the element face one One side a projection and on the other side a recess, the Contours complement each other and allow insertion over the entire length, and the two end faces of the element are opposite to the longitudinal direction of the element vertical plane at least over a Part of their surface inclined.

Experience has shown that this U-shape of the known element does already allows the advantages mentioned in EP-0921243 to be achieved, however still has a number of disadvantages, which the present Turn off invention. It is therefore the object of the present invention to an improvement of the element according to the cited patent to reach. In particular, the known element does not allow strong connection points, there at the junction, as exemplified in the figures 7 and 8, the resulting mortar layer turns out to be relatively thin. On Another weak point of the known element is that when creating the Panels with superimposed elements, as shown in section in FIG. 8, the cross section for the passage of a pipe for building services - that should not come into contact with any reinforcing bars, as in the same figure is shown - turns out small, so that a weak Cross section of iron and mortar results. In addition, the cross sections the through openings extending over the entire length of the element too small for an electrical socket, for example.

As a result of these limitations, those of the prior art can known elements only a limited number of designs of panels can be realized, but ultimately only for residential buildings with up to 3 Floors can be used.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to make a brick material element to create, which allows the production of robust panels that are suitable for Residential buildings up to 6 floors are suitable, the application is more flexible and also allow the manufacture of other products, such as roller shutter boxes, Beams, lintels, etc. In addition, the new Elements are cheaper to buy because they require shorter drying times. These goals are achieved thanks to the design and testing of the proposed system, which is an improvement in applicability of the known materials used and the cost thanks to new modular prefabrication techniques lowers, being a completely traditional The end product is created, but with better properties and quality having.

The studies on the properties and behavior of the clay have also allowed to introduce new details, all with a single easy-to-use element using industrialized processes let achieve.

The drying times are optimized and do not depend on the rigors of the Weather conditions, especially during the winter time, including the transportation difficulties omitted.

The present invention therefore allows construction without limitation Designs and statics.

These advantages are achieved by means of a single element made of brick material with the properties according to the characteristic part of the Claim 1.

Claims 2 to 9 relate to the essential shape of the Elementes and its advantages described in more detail below.

• Einfaches Tafelelement für tragende Innenwände, Aussenwände oder Decken, in Abhängigkeit der eingebrachten Zement- bzw. Mörtelmenge und Armatureisen.
• Doppeltes Tafelelement für tragende Innen- oder Aussenmauern, mit oder ohne Isolation.
• Sandwich-Tafelelemente verschiedener Art, hergestellt durch Zusammenfügen einfacher Tafelelemente, oder durch Anbringen einer Zwischen-Isolation im doppelten Tafelelement.

Claims 10 and 11 relate to the use of the element according to the invention for realizing three basic designs:

• Simple panel element for load-bearing interior walls, exterior walls or ceilings, depending on the amount of cement or mortar and armature.
• Double panel element for load-bearing interior or exterior walls, with or without insulation.
• Sandwich panel elements of various types, made by assembling simple panel elements, or by installing an intermediate insulation in the double panel element.

Based on these three types of panel elements, produce up to six different basic shapes of the panel elements, and up to to twelve different designs of panel elements.

• Rollladenkästen (für Lamellenstoren oder Rollläden)
• Einsätze jeder Art für die Befestigung von Beschlägen
• Ausnehmungen für Apparate und Anlagen
• Pilaster, Balken und tragende Fensterstürze

It is also possible to implement the following components:

• Roller shutter boxes (for slat blinds or roller shutters)
• All kinds of inserts for fastening fittings
• Recesses for apparatus and plants
• Pilasters, beams and supporting lintels

• Standardisierte Produktion von Tafelelementen für Wände und Decken
• Möglichkeit, stark armierte Zement-Querschnitte in den Durchgangsöffnungen zu erstellen, die sich beim Zusammenfügen der Backsteinelemente ergeben, wobei diese Eigenschaften bei Bauten in erdbebengefährdeten Zonen von besonderer Wichtigkeit sind
• Möglichkeit, Leitungen im Innern der Durchgangsöffnungen in den Backsteinelementen einzubauen bzw. durchzuführen, die sich beim Zusammenfügen der Backsteinelemente ergeben, wobei genügend grosse Querschnitte für die Zement-Verfüllung frei bleiben.
• Möglichkeit, Verbindungen mittels Betonmörtel und Armierungseisen zwischen den Tafelelementen herzustellen, die auf diese Weise vollständig integriert werden.
• Möglichkeit, völlig homogene tragende Strukturen mittels eines einzigen Grundelement-Typs herzustellen.
• Reduktion der Herstelldauer der in der Fabrik hergestellten Tafelelemente dank den Dimensionen des Grundelement-Typs.

The following advantages can thus be achieved with the system according to the invention:

• Standardized production of panel elements for walls and ceilings
• Possibility of creating heavily reinforced cement cross-sections in the through openings that result when the brick elements are joined together, these properties being of particular importance in buildings in earthquake-prone zones
• Possibility of installing or carrying out lines in the interior of the through openings in the brick elements, which result when the brick elements are joined, leaving sufficiently large cross sections for the cement filling.
• Possibility of making connections between the panel elements using concrete mortar and reinforcing iron, which are fully integrated in this way.
• Possibility of producing completely homogeneous load-bearing structures using a single basic element type.
• Reduction of the manufacturing time of the panel elements manufactured in the factory thanks to the dimensions of the basic element type.

The brick material elements according to the present invention can be assembled without special devices and equipment; all that is needed is the existing ones in pre-fabrication plants Institutions.

The system is competitive compared to the traditional cost Construction thanks to the smaller expenses and above all thanks to the reduction the construction period.

It is sufficient to remember that the complete shell of a residential building unit of around 800 m ^{3 can be completed} within just 10 days.

The development of the element according to the invention also has the basics created to develop a correct project planning method with all architectural and design details, from the foundation to the roof, including the fittings. This without certain Designs to be bound, as is usually the case with the known prefabrication systems the case is.

The resulting panel elements are chained together, both horizontally than in the vertical direction and can also be used instead of traditional concrete structures be used.

Fig. 1

Ein Element aus Backsteinmaterial in Stirnansicht mit den Durchgangsöffnungen im Querschnitt,

Fig. 2

Ein Element aus Backsteinmaterial gemäss der Fig. 1, in einer Längsansicht,

Fig. 3

Die in der Fig. 1 gezeigte Darstellung, wobei jedoch die Durchgangsöffnungen mit Isoliermaterial gefüllt sind,

Fig. 4

Verbindung zweier längsseitiger Enden von Elementen aus Backsteinmaterial mit den Stellen, an welchen die Grundarmierungseisen bei der Herstellung des einfachen Tafelelementes eingelegt werden,

Fig. 5

Ein Element aus Backsteinmaterial in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 6

Eine Perspektivansicht zweier zusammengebauten Elemente,

Fig. 7

Ein Querschnitt erfindungsgemässer Elemente aus Backsteinmaterial in einem einschichtigen Tafelelement, das zur Verwendung als innere oder äussere Wand oder als Decke vorgesehen ist,

Fig. 8

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente aus Backsteinmaterial eines Tafelelementes mit zwei Schichten übereinander angeordneten Backsteinelementen, das zur Verwendung als Aussenwand eines Gebäudes vorgesehen ist,

Fig. 9

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente aus Backsteinmaterial eines einschichtigen Tafelelementes gemäss der Fig. 7, verbunden mit einem gleichen Tafelelement, zur Verwendung als Aussenwand in Sandwich-Bauweise,

Fig. 10

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente aus Backsteinmaterial eines einschichtigen Tafelelementes gemäss der Fig. 7, mit dazwischen eingebauten vorfabrizierten Balken der gegenwärtig üblichen Bauart,

Fig. 11

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente aus Backsteinmaterial eines zweischichtigen Tafelelementes mit dazwischen eingebauter Wärmedämmungsschicht wählbarer Dicke zur Verbesserung des K-Wertes der Wand und zur Unterbrechung allfälliger Kältebrücken,

Fig. 12

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente aus Backsteinmaterial gemäss der Fig. 8, jedoch mit Isolation im Raum zwischen den Grundkörpern (2) der Elemente (1),

Fig. 13

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente aus Backsteinmaterial eines einschichtigen Tafelelementes gemäss der Fig. 7, mit einer durchgehenden Betonplatte und einer dazwischen eingebauten Isolierschicht (24), geeignet zur Herstellung eines Tafelelementes in Sandwich-Bauweise,

Fig. 14

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente aus Backsteinmaterial eines einschichtigen Tafelelementes gemäss der Fig. 7, mit einer durchgehenden Betonplatte mit Sichtbackstein-Verkleidung und einer dazwischen eingebauten Isolierschicht (24), geeignet zur Herstellung eines Tafelelementes in Sandwich-Bauweise,

Fig. 15

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente aus Backsteinmaterial eines einschichtigen Tafelelementes, das als Aussenwand vorgesehen ist, mit darauf aufgesetzten Holzleisten (34) Ausbildung vorgehängter hinterlüfteter Fassaden (39),

Fig. 16

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente aus Backsteinmaterial eines einschichtigen Tafelelementes, das zur Verwendung als geneigte Dachfläche vorgesehen ist, mit aufgesetzten Trägern (33) und Holzleisten (34) und Ziegeln (36),

Fig. 17

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente (1) aus Backsteinmaterial eines einschichtigen Tafelelementes mit Deckenelementen (26), bevor die gewünschte Wandverkleidung festgelegt ist,

Fig. 18

Die gleiche Anordnung wie in der Fig. 17, jedoch mit einer als Beispiel gezeigten Verwendung einer vorgehängten hinterlüfteten Fassade (39) gemäss der Fig. 15,

Fig. 19

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente (1) aus Backsteinmaterial eines Tafelelementes mit übereinander angeordneten Schichten gemäss den Figuren 8 bzw. 12, mit Beton-Deckenplatten (26), zur Verwendung als Aussenwand,

Fig. 20

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente (1) aus Backsteinmaterial eines Tafelelementes mit übereinander angeordneten Schichten und mit dazwischen angeordneter Isolationsschicht gemäss der Fig. 9, mit Deckenelementen (26), zur Verwendung als Aussenwand,

Fig. 21

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente (1) aus Backsteinmaterial eines Tafelelementes in Sandwich-Bauweise gemäss der Fig. 13, mit einer durchgehenden Betonplatte und mit Beton-Deckenelementen (26), zur Verwendung als Aussenwand,

Fig. 22

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente (1) aus Backsteinmaterial eines Tafelelementes in Sandwich-Bauweise gemäss der Fig. 14, mit einer durchgehenden Betonplatte mit Sichtbacksteinverkleidung, und mit Beton-Deckenelementen (26), zur Verwendung als Aussenwand,

Fig. 23

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente (1) aus Backsteinmaterial eines Tafelelementes in Sandwich-Bauweise gemäss der Fig. 11, hergestellt durch Zusammenbau zweier Tafelelemente, wie sie in der Fig. 7 dargestellt sind, mit dazwischen angeord-neter Wärmedämmschicht, und mit Beton-Deckenelementen (26), zur Verwendung als Aussenwand,

Figuren 24 und 25

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele von Rollladenkasten, in einfacher Ausführung, sowie mit dazwischen angeordneter Isolation (24),

Fig. 26

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente (1) aus Backsteinmaterial eines aus zwei übereinander angeordneten Schichten aufgebauten Tafelelementes, zur Verwendung als Aussenwand an einem Gebäude mit einer Ecke (25), die mit den gleichen erfindungsgemässen Elementen (1) ausgebildet wird,

Fig. 27

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel und eine Herstellweise der erfindungsgemässen Elemente (1) im Backstein-Brennofen,

Fig. 28

Ein Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemässen Elemente (1) aus Backsteinmaterial zweier aus zwei übereinander angeordneten Schichten aufgebauten Tafelelemente, zur Bildung einer Verbindungsfuge vorbereitet, indem zwei linke Seiten (6, 6') bzw. zwei rechte Seiten (7, 7') zur Ausbildung einer doppelten Fuge (10, 10') ineinander geschoben werden. Die Verbindung wird durch das Verfüllen der eingelegten Armierungen (19) mit Betonmörtel (17) gewährleistet.

The present invention is described in more detail below with reference to some exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated in the figures. It is shown in the:

Fig. 1

An element made of brick material in front view with the through openings in cross section,

Fig. 2

An element made of brick material according to FIG. 1, in a longitudinal view,

Fig. 3

The illustration shown in FIG. 1, however, the through openings are filled with insulating material,

Fig. 4

Connecting two longitudinal ends of elements made of brick material to the places where the basic reinforcement bars are inserted during the manufacture of the simple panel element,

Fig. 5

An element made of brick material in perspective,

Fig. 6

A perspective view of two assembled elements,

Fig. 7

A cross section of elements according to the invention made of brick material in a single-layer panel element which is intended for use as an inner or outer wall or as a ceiling,

Fig. 8

A cross section through the elements according to the invention made of brick material of a panel element with two layers of brick elements arranged one above the other, which is intended for use as the outer wall of a building.

Fig. 9

7 shows a cross section through the elements according to the invention made of brick material of a single-layer panel element according to FIG. 7, connected to an identical panel element, for use as an outer wall in a sandwich construction,

Fig. 10

7 shows a cross section through the elements according to the invention made of brick material of a single-layer panel element according to FIG. 7, with prefabricated beams of the currently conventional type installed in between,

Fig. 11

A cross section through the elements according to the invention made of brick material of a two-layer panel element with a selectable thickness of insulation layer installed in between to improve the K value of the wall and to interrupt any cold bridges,

Fig. 12

8 shows a cross section through the elements made of brick material according to the invention, but with insulation in the space between the base bodies (2) of the elements (1),

Fig. 13

7, with a continuous concrete slab and an insulating layer (24) built in between, suitable for producing a panel element in a sandwich construction,

Fig. 14

7, with a continuous concrete slab with exposed brick cladding and an insulating layer (24) installed in between, suitable for producing a panel element in a sandwich construction,

Fig. 15

A cross section through the elements according to the invention made of brick material of a single-layer panel element, which is provided as the outer wall, with wooden strips (34) placed thereon, formation of rear-ventilated facades (39),

Fig. 16

A cross section through the elements according to the invention made of brick material of a single-layer panel element, which is intended for use as an inclined roof surface, with attached supports (33) and wooden strips (34) and bricks (36),

Fig. 17

A cross section through the elements (1) according to the invention made of brick material of a single-layer panel element with ceiling elements (26) before the desired wall covering is determined,

Fig. 18

The same arrangement as in FIG. 17, but with an example of using a curtain-type rear-ventilated facade (39) according to FIG. 15,

Fig. 19

A cross section through the elements (1) according to the invention made of brick material of a panel element with layers arranged one above the other according to FIGS. 8 and 12, with concrete ceiling panels (26) for use as an outer wall,

Fig. 20

A cross section through the elements (1) according to the invention made of brick material of a panel element with layers arranged one above the other and with an insulation layer arranged therebetween according to FIG. 9, with ceiling elements (26) for use as an outer wall,

Fig. 21

A cross section through the elements (1) according to the invention made of brick material of a panel element in sandwich construction according to FIG. 13, with a continuous concrete slab and with concrete ceiling elements (26) for use as an outer wall,

Fig. 22

A cross section through the elements (1) according to the invention made of brick material of a panel element in sandwich construction according to FIG. 14, with a continuous concrete slab with exposed brick cladding, and with concrete ceiling elements (26) for use as an outer wall,

Fig. 23

A cross section through the elements (1) according to the invention made of brick material of a panel element in sandwich construction according to FIG. 11, produced by assembling two panel elements, as shown in FIG. 7, with a thermal insulation layer arranged therebetween, and with concrete Ceiling elements (26), for use as an outer wall,

Figures 24 and 25

Two exemplary embodiments of roller shutter boxes, in a simple design, and with insulation (24) arranged between them,

Fig. 26

A cross section through the elements (1) according to the invention made of brick material of a panel element constructed from two layers arranged one above the other, for use as an outer wall on a building with a corner (25) which is formed with the same elements (1) according to the invention,

Fig. 27

An embodiment and a method of manufacturing the elements (1) according to the invention in a brick kiln,

Fig. 28

A cross section through the elements (1) according to the invention made of brick material of two panel elements made up of two layers arranged one above the other, prepared for the formation of a connecting joint by two left sides (6, 6 ') or two right sides (7, 7') for forming a double joint (10, 10 ') are pushed into each other. The connection is ensured by filling the inserted reinforcements (19) with concrete mortar (17).

From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the cross section of the element 1 made of brick material forms an inverted open T shape, with a base 2 and a in the middle at right angles to this arranged projection 3.

According to the present invention, both the base 2 and the Projection 3 of the T-shape at least one through opening 4, 5, which extends over the entire length of the element 1.

In FIG. 1, the base 2 has six through openings 4 to 4 ^v , while the projection 3 has two through openings 5 and 5 ^I. The number, shape and arrangement of such through openings depend on the requirements for the production of the brick elements and on considerations regarding the statics of the elements 1.

Of course, the outer shape of element 1 remains unchanged, and likewise, all through openings extend over the entire length of the element 1.

The two sides of the projection 3 are inclined towards its center. The Side walls extend from the base 2 over the entire height n. The angle of inclination the side walls of the projection 3 is between 10 ° and 45 °. Another basic property of the element 1 according to the invention Brick material is that on the two outer sides 6, 7 (see FIG. 3) the element 1 a longitudinal projection 8 on one side and a longitudinal recess 9 are provided on the other side, the Forms complement each other and form an insertion joint 10, when two elements 1 are pushed together (see Fig. 6).

The projection is on the two end faces 11, 12 (cf. FIG. 2) of the element 1 3 inclined with respect to the plane perpendicular to the base 2 and takes up about half of the total height H of the element 1, so that the Length of the projection 3 is shortened relative to the base 2. The reason for that Arrangement of the inclined areas 13, 14 on the end faces 11, 12 of the element 1 can be seen from FIG. 4, in which the connection of two according to the invention Elements are shown that are triangular, against which Base 2 form recess 15, which extends over the entire width of the Elements 1 extends. In this area, the reinforcing bars 16 to 16 'inserted after pouring with concrete mortar 17 from the individual Reinforce elements 1 assembled panel element. The lead 8 and the longitudinal recess 9 of the elements 1, which are mutually are complementary, have an obtuse conical shape, as shown in the Figures 1, 3, 5, 6, etc. is shown, when creating play-free joint connections requires no special precision, thanks to the introduction of the Concrete mortar 17 and the reinforcing iron 19.

The angle of inclination α of the inclined regions 11, 12 with respect to the plane base 2 is between 30 ° and 75 °.

The projection 3 has at least three continuous recesses of V-shaped Cross-section whose depth is a quarter of the total height H the Elements 1 corresponds, and which the inclusion of additional reinforcing bars 16 ", 16" 'allows the load capacity after grouting with concrete mortar 17 of elements 1 increase. Furthermore, the improved in the through openings 5, 5 'penetrating concrete mortar 17 the connection between the Elements made of brick material and the mortar.

• Die Länge I des Elementes 1 liegt zwischen 50 und 100 cm, vorzugsweise zwischen 74 und 94 cm,
• Die Breite m des Elementes 1 liegt zwischen 30 und 60 cm, vorzugsweise zwischen 42 und 60 cm,
• Die Gesamthöhe H liegt zwischen 10 und 28 cm, vorzugsweise bei 14 cm.

The elements 1 have the following dimensions:

• The length I of the element 1 is between 50 and 100 cm, preferably between 74 and 94 cm,
• The width m of the element 1 is between 30 and 60 cm, preferably between 42 and 60 cm,
• The total height H is between 10 and 28 cm, preferably 14 cm.

With these dimensions, all types of panel elements can be used, as already mentioned, prefabricate.

A further property of the element 1 according to the invention is preferably that the thicknesses o of the base 2 (see FIG. 3) and n of the projection 3 of the element 1 correspond approximately to half the total height H of the element 1, according to the following equation: o ≅ n ≅ H / 2

In the base of the element 1 there are the through openings within the thickness o 4 provided to improve the thermal values of the element 1 are insulated with suitable material. The insulation 24 extends through the entire length of the element 1, and as far as it is the dimensions of the through openings 5, 5 'of the projection 3, they can also be isolated become. 3 shows an insulated element made of brick material (dotted areas).

The following are some applications of the elements according to the invention The three different types of panel elements are described in brick material and correspond to seven cross sections of components, where the connections between the panel elements of the outer walls and ceiling panel elements are shown.

Corner connections between two panel elements of the same type can also be made can be realized using the same elements 1 as shown in 26 is shown.

7 is a cross section of elements according to the invention made of brick material shown for the production of single-layer panel elements for Use as interior walls. Elements 1 are first on the work platforms lined up longitudinally and by means of the projections 8 and the depressions 9 pushed into each other laterally.

The number of elements 1 depends on the dimensions of the items to be manufactured Board member.

In the longitudinal direction of element 1, at least one to three and maximum six elements. In this arrangement arise accordingly the number of elements 1 aligned triangular recesses 15, the projections 3 corresponding to the required height of the panel element are aligned longitudinally.

After this step, the reinforcing bars 16 are triangular Recesses 15 and in the transversely aligned V-shaped recesses inserted. The reinforcement is also through the through openings of the projection 3 is inserted in the longitudinal direction and is in the triangular Recesses 15 connected to the reinforcing iron 16.

The reinforcing iron 16, which is characterized by the triangular recess 15 and the V-shaped recesses extend longer than the dimensions of the panel element to be created in prefabrication so that it can be combined with the next panel element can be assembled. After this step the reinforcement mesh 21 on the entire surface of the elements 1 designed, at a distance of about 2 cm from the projections 3rd

Special reinforcing elements 19 connect the electrowelded network to the reinforcement iron 16. As soon as the reinforcement is laid out, the pouring can begin start with the concrete mortar 17, whereby both the elements 1 as well as the reinforcement designed therein can be integrated with each other. The Concrete mortar 17 is delimited by special edges of the work tables, whose thickness is the height of the cross-section of the to be created in prefabrication Corresponds to the panel element.

The previously described example for the production of single-layer panel elements also for use as an inner wall or as an outer wall used for the production of single-layer ceiling panel elements, such as this is shown in Fig. 16. For using blankets commercial truss (see. Fig. 10) together with the Elements 1 according to the invention for reinforcement are in the compilation phase of the elements on the work tables after laying one the first row of brick elements are the commercial trusses next laid out next. After that, the second row of brick elements then laid out and then the second truss, until the required dimensions are reached. The fittings 16, 16 ', 19, 20, 21 and 23 are then on the entire surface of the elements 1 and Truss girder designed according to the instructions resulting from the static calculations by the engineer.

8 is a cross section of elements made of brick material in one panel element according to the invention with two superimposed layers of elements intended for use as the exterior wall of a building are. The procedure for assembling the inventive Elements 1 can be done in two ways, with the same result to lead. The production of the elements according to the invention in the brick kilns (cf. FIG. 27) already takes place in superimposed ones Layers, which the arrangement of the inventive elements 1 on the Work tables relieved. The design of the fittings 16, 16 ', 19, 20, 21 and 23 in the through openings or in the recesses through the The elements 1 according to the invention are formed one on top of the other following the same method as above for making single layer Table elements have been described.

The fittings 20 protrude from each row of the superimposed according to the invention Items 1 out to connect to the next one Create panel element. When assembling two panel elements with a superimposed layer forms a recess (see Fig. 28), which is reinforced and integrated during the assembly of the panel elements on the construction site becomes.

Another type, the same panel element with the elements according to the invention 1 to create consists of both steps of laying out to carry out the work tables. After laying out the first layer of Fittings 16, 16 ', 19, 20, 21 and 23 become the second layer of the invention Elements 1 designed, the projections of the elements of the second layer on the base parts of the already laid out side by side Elements are placed. Now the step of casting is carried out with Concrete mortar 17. Should a different K-value than with the wall according to FIG. 8 can be achieved, previously isolated with foam 24 according to the invention Elements 1 in one or both layers (see FIG. 12) of the elements arranged one above the other can be installed. In the preparation of it is the wall-panel elements with two superimposed layers also possible, the insulating layer 24, the thickness of which is selected so that a required K value is reached between the elements 1 according to the invention to be arranged, the layout being carried out in a similar manner as in the previous described case, but using special stainless Reinforcing steels 23, which connect the stacked, with an insulation layer 24 laid between them, according to the invention Ensure elements 1 (see FIG. 9).

Both when creating the wall elements with two superimposed ones Layers of simple elements 1 according to the invention and of isolated ones Elements according to the invention produce recesses 15 'more rhombic Form (see FIG. 9), which represent nothing other than a doubling the isosceles recess 15 by the joining of the bases 2 of two elements 1 'and 1 "according to the invention Reinforcing irons 16, 16 'extend through each row of the inventive Elements and determine an interwoven structure from the lower edge up to the support on the upper part of the panel element. Even the reinforcing bars 16 ", 16" ', etc., extend across the superimposed inventive Elements. When pouring 17 with concrete mortar all recesses (V-shaped, isosceles, or diamond-shaped) completely filled with mortar, which together with the reinforcing iron required Resilience results. All with the element according to the invention 1 intended types of panel elements (wall or ceiling) can be plastered inside or outside with plaster abrasion or mortar layers 22. On the types of panel elements with the elements according to the invention 1 systems for curtain-type ventilated facades can be used are, as shown in Figures 15, 18, or designs with finished Walls, as shown in Figures 11, 13, 14, in which a Sandwich panel element has exposed brick and concrete on the outside.

Thanks to the considerable flexibility of the elements 1 according to the invention for the Creation of various designs for use in different applications in residential construction, according to the static or thermal Requirements, is for the phase of compiling the dimensions with elements 1 according to the invention, preferably the production in applied to the factory in such a way that in a short time larger ones Square meters of panel elements can be provided, which the cost compared to conventional designs drastically let reduce. The quality of the element 1 according to the invention prefabricated elements is better than those of walls used in conventional Brick construction were created. Thanks to its versatility, the inventive Element 1 industrially produced by all brick factories become. A completely new range of designs of great value in terms of project planning as well as architectural and structural Design could be achieved

List of reference numerals used in the figures

1

Brick material element

2

Base

3

head Start

4

Through hole in the base

5

Through opening in the projection

6

Left outside of the element

7

Right outside of the element

8th

Longitudinal projection

9

Longitudinal depression

10

Push-in joint

11

front

12

front

13

Sloping area

14

Sloping area

15

Triangular recess

16

16 'reinforcing iron

17

concrete mortar

18, 18 '

Trapezoidal recess

19

Longitudinal reinforcing iron

20

Transverse reinforcing iron

21

reinforcing

22

Mortar or plaster layer

23

Stainless steel

24

isolation

25

angle element

26

Panel element for ceilings

27

Simple single-layer vertical wall

28

Vertical wall with superimposed layers

29

Sandwich wall

30

Connection bracket for assembly

31

Commercial reinforcement network

32

moisture barrier

33

Carrier element made of hard plastic

34

wood strip

35

Special fitting for sandwich elements

36

brick

37

Air gap

38

Carrier elements made of metal

39

Ventilated curtain wall

Claims (14)

Element made of brick material for the production of prefabricated panel elements for residential construction,
characterized in that
the cross section of the element has an inverted open T-shape with a base (2) and a projection (3) perpendicular to the base (2),
wherein both the base (2) and the projection (3) of the inverted open T-shape have at least one longitudinal passage opening (4, 5) which extends over the entire length of the element,
and that one of the two outer sides (6, 7) of the element 1 has a longitudinal projection (8), while the other outer side has a recess (9), the shape of which is complementary to the projection (8) in such a way that an insertion -Fuge (10) is formed, which extends over the entire length of the elements,
that the two end faces (11, 12) of the element (1) are inclined in relation to the plane perpendicular to the base (2) in such a way that the length of the projection (3) is shorter than the length of the base (2). Brick material element according to claim 1,
characterized in that
Both the base (2) and the projection (3) of the element (1) have a plurality of longitudinal through openings (4, ... 4 ^v , 5, 5 ^I ) which are separated from one another by an intermediate wall which is thinner than the width of the through holes. Brick material element according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the longitudinal projection (8) and the longitudinal recess (9) with which the outer sides (6, 7) of the element (1) are provided, are complementarily shaped and have a bluntly conical cross-sectional shape. Brick material element according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the inclined regions (13, 14) of the end faces (11, 12) of the element (1) extend over approximately half the height (H) of the end faces (11, 12). Brick material element according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the angle of inclination (α) of the regions (11, 12) inclined with respect to the base plane of the base (2) of the element (1) is between 30 ° and 75 °. Brick material element according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the length (I) of the element (1) is between 50 and 100 cm, the width (m) of the element (1) is between 30 and 60 cm, and the height of the element (1) is between 10 and 28 cm. Brick material element according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the height of the base (h) essentially corresponds to half the height (H) of the element (1). Brick material element according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the thickness (o) of the base of the element (1) and the thickness of the projection (3) of the element (1) correspond approximately to half the height (H) of the element (1). Brick material element according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the through openings (4, 4 ^v , and 5, 5 '), with which the base (2) and the projection (3) are provided, are filled with insulating foam, which has the K value (K) of the element (1) improved. Brick material element according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the projection (3) has at least three transverse recesses, the V-shape of which has a depth which corresponds to a quarter of the height (H) of the element (1), so that further reinforcing irons (16) can be inserted, which are in connection with the concrete mortar (17) improve the load-bearing properties of the element (1). Use of the element made of brick material according to claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that
this can be assembled in such a way that boxes of various dimensions are formed for slatted blinds, roller shutters, lintels and pilasters. Use of the element made of brick material according to claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that
This can be assembled in such a way that different single-layer designs, two-layer designs, designs in sandwich construction and with inserted insulation (24), which is suitable to ensure that there are no cold bridges in the construction, and that different K values according to different standards can be achieved. Use of the element made of brick material according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
this can be assembled in such a way that completely homogeneous structures can be realized from walls and ceilings, which are created using a single element (1) according to the invention. Use of the element made of brick material according to claims 1 to 10,
characterized in that
All structures assembled using the various types of panel elements have a high degree of resistance to any earthquake stress thanks to the built-in reinforcements (16, 16 ';19;21; 35), which anchor the vertical elements of the Ensure walls and horizontal elements of the ceilings

Images