EP1211761B1 - Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Bestimmung der Qualität einer Crimpverbindung - Google Patents
Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Bestimmung der Qualität einer Crimpverbindung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1211761B1 EP1211761B1 EP02002743A EP02002743A EP1211761B1 EP 1211761 B1 EP1211761 B1 EP 1211761B1 EP 02002743 A EP02002743 A EP 02002743A EP 02002743 A EP02002743 A EP 02002743A EP 1211761 B1 EP1211761 B1 EP 1211761B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- crimping
- force
- crimp
- sensor
- force sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
- H01R43/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for forming connections by deformation, e.g. crimping tool
- H01R43/048—Crimping apparatus or processes
- H01R43/0486—Crimping apparatus or processes with force measuring means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for determining the quality of a crimp connection between a conductor and a contact, the device having a Crimp force generated by means of which the contact with the Ladder electrically and mechanically insoluble connectable.
- crimping is internationally established and determined by standardization. In practice, however, will be also expressions like pressing, bruising, striking or Applying used. By crimping one understands the Production of a non-releasable electrical and mechanical connection between a conductor and a Contact. During crimping, the material to be joined becomes plastic, permanently deformed. In doing so, if present, poorly conductive surface layers broken up what the electrical conductivities favored. Correct crimping also prevents this Penetration of corrosive media even under difficult Operating conditions such as temperature changes or vibration.
- the aim of crimping is to produce a good one mechanical and electrical connection in the long run qualitatively unchanged.
- a sectional view of a faultless running Crimp connection shows the original single round Litz wires of the conductor compact to polygons against each other pressed.
- the inner surface in the crimp area of the contact shows deformations of the contact points of the individual strands.
- Crimp connection Important criteria for the evaluation of a Crimp connection are the crimp shape, the crimp height and the Drahtausreiss strength. These types of criteria are suitable but only when setting up the crimping machine and during the Production by sampling. To the today Quality requirements for all crimp connections too Sufficient means must be available, which over each Crimp connection during crimping Crimp data record, evaluate, save and result-oriented Machine data. To judge the Crimp connection (without mechanical destruction of the Crimped) is the crimp force in relation to Crimping path or set at crimping time. With appropriate Evaluation of the crimp data can be the goodness of a Crimp connection can be reliably assessed.
- a method and a device for assessing the Quality of a crimped connection must be crimped as wrong Insulation crimp height, wrong wire crimp height, not detected strand wires at wire crimp, wrong or none Stripping length, incorrect insertion depth or stripping Detect cut stranded wires and corresponding Generate error messages.
- the application EP 0 460 441 discloses a method for Detection of missing strands or of crimped ones Conductor insulation in a crimp connection using the Crimp force history has become known.
- Crimping processes are value pairs consisting of crimping force and position of the crimper are measured and stored. The during the production of a crimped connection measured value pairs yield the crimp force curve of the Crimping with the crimping force in dependence of Position of the crimping die.
- the curve section with strong Force increase is linearized and a point from the mean the minimum and maximum crimp force determined. The point is compared with a reference value. If the point within a predetermined deviation from the reference value is the crimp connection of acceptable quality.
- the Crimping process will also increase the maximum crimping force taken into account. If the maximum crimping force over If a reference value deviates too much, the Crimp connection rejected as unusable. The point in the curve section with strong force increase and the maximum crimping force provides information about missing strands or via crimped conductor insulation in the Crimp.
- a force sensor In a marketable crimping press detects a force sensor during the crimping process the force, in digital form is stored as a force-dependent curve. This is compared with a reference curve. Depending on Size of the deviation from the reference is based on the type of Crimp réelles closed.
- a disadvantage of this device or in this method is that despite large computer, memory and Computational effort no differentiated statement about the Quality of the crimp connection is possible.
- the invention aims to remedy this situation.
- the invention as characterized in claim 1 solves the task to avoid the disadvantages of the known device and a method and a device with improved To create error sensitivity.
- Figs. 1 to 3 show a crimping process in which the end a conductor 1 is connected to a contact 2.
- a open crimping zone 3 of the contact 2 has a first Double lug 4 for the insulation crimp 5 and a second Double lug 6 for a wire crimp 7 on.
- Fig. 1 shows Crimping dies 8, 9 in the top dead center, the end of Conductor insulation is in the first double lug 4 and the stripped conductor piece lies in the second double lug 6.
- the double lugs 4, 6 means wedge-shaped recesses 10 of the crimping dies 8, 9 pressed against each other.
- the edition is an Ambos 9.1.
- a dome-shaped upper end of the recess 10 is the Double lug 4, 6 together with the conductor insulation or the Conductor wire the final shape.
- Fig. 3 shows the finished Crimped connection with the insulation crimp 5, in which the first double lug 4 is pressed around the conductor insulation 11 and with the wire crimp 7, in which the second double tab 6 is pressed around a conductor wire 12.
- FIG. 4 shows an error-free crimp connection in which a window 13, the insulation 11 of the conductor end 1 and the Individual strands of the conductor wire 12 are visible. At the contact-side end of the wire crimps 7 are the Individual strands visible again.
- Fig. 5 shows how a fault-free Drahtcrimp 7 the second double tabs 6 with the trained as a stranded wire Conductor wire 12 are squeezed.
- 14 is a stand without right Sidewall designated at which a motor 15 and an am Stand 14 mounted gear 16 is arranged. Moreover 14 first guides 17 are arranged on the stand, where a crimping rod 18 is guided. One from the transmission 16 driven shaft 19 has at one end an eccentric pin 20 on the other end is a resolver 21 for detecting the Angle of rotation coupled.
- the Crimpbär 18 consists of a in the first guides 17 guided slider 22 and out a tool holder 23 with force sensor 23.1 and holding fork 24.
- the slider 22 is in loose connection with the Eccentric pin 20, wherein the rotational movement of the Eccentric 20 in a linear movement of the slider 22 is implemented.
- the maximum stroke of the slider 22nd is determined by top dead center and bottom dead center of the Eccentric 20 determined.
- the tool holder 23 is actuated Usually a tool that works together with a for Tool belonging anvil 9.1 the crimp connection manufactures.
- a crimping simulator 25 is used instead of the tool.
- the stroke can be precise to be adjusted.
- an operator terminal 27 is provided as interface between operator and Crimping press.
- the operator terminal 27 has a rotary knob 29 and a Keyboard 30 on and to visualize data is one Display 31 is provided.
- FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 show details of the crimping simulator 25 for calibration of the force sensor 23.1.
- One in one Tool housing 32 guided punch 33 has a Carrier head 34 which in loose connection with the Holding fork 24 of the tool holder 23 is.
- On one foot 35 of the tool housing 32 is for example by means of a Screw 36 a base plate 37 attached, the one Load cell 38 carries.
- the power of the punch 33 is via an intermediate piece 39 on the force transducer 38th transfer.
- the intermediate piece 39 is elastic and has the Consequence that in the calibration of the force increase in time is stretchable.
- the force transducer 38 for example a Quartz force transducer, is expensive, calibratable and has a very linear characteristic.
- the built-in tool holder 23 Force sensor 23.1 is cheaper and has a bigger one Linearity error.
- For calibration of the force sensor 23.1 is the stamp 33 from the top dead center in the bottom dead center and back to the top dead center moves and a force in the course and in the order of magnitude a real crimping generated. It is the Force progression simultaneously and exclusively depending on Force sensor 23.1 and detected by the force transducer 38 and stored, wherein the force transducer 38 the calibratable Force history detected. This is also a force calibration at Force sensor 23.1 possible.
- the force curve and the through the nonlinearity of the force sensor 23.1 conditional Force deviations from the measured force curve of Force transducer 38 are detected and in one Correction table filed.
- Fig. 9a shows a voltage Crimpkraftverlauf the Force sensor 23.1.
- Voltage U for example in Volts
- crimp force CK for example, in kilonewtons.
- undressed Line is the nonlinear voltage curve of the Force sensor 23.1 shown.
- the broken line shows the linear voltage curve of the crimping simulator 25.
- Fig. 10 shows the force sensor 23.1, as in the Tool holder 23 is installed.
- Fig. 11 shows the Individual parts of the force sensor 23.1.
- the force sensor 23.1 consists of a sensor housing 40 with an example plastic existing bottom 41 and cover 42.
- the Inside the bottom 41 and the lid 42 are provided with a electrically conductive layer, for example one Copper layer 43, laminated.
- the layer 43 of the floor 41 is by means of a lead wire 44 to the inner conductor a connection socket 45 connected.
- the case of the Socket 45 is directly connected to the coating of the Cover 42 connected.
- the sensor housing 40 has one Plastic existing intermediate bottom 46 with lesser Thickness than the sensors 48, on the recesses 47th are arranged, the holder of the sensors 48, For example, piezo ceramic discs serve.
- the at Calibration or crimping on the lid 42 exerted force is exclusively on the sensors 48 and transferred from these to the ground 41.
- the pressure on the sensors 48 generate an electrical charge which is at the Socke
- Fig. 12 shows details of the controller 28 for the Crimping press.
- One at the entrance with a net filter 49 Equipped Converter 50 puts the mains voltage in one DC voltage at which an inverter 51 is fed.
- Controlled semiconductor switches Gu ... Gz of the inverter 51 chop up the DC voltage in one Pulse width modulation method in three pulsed AC voltages in the motor 15, for example, a Asynchronous motor ASM, sinusoidal currents of variable frequency produce.
- the rotational movement is from the engine 15 to the Transmission 16 and then transferred to the shaft 19, at the one end of the eccentric pin 20 and at the other end the resolver 21 is arranged.
- the eccentric pin 20 puts the crimping rod 18 in a linear motion.
- One Pulse generator 52 generates in function of a Soll Anlagensverlaufes that for the control of Semiconductor switch Gu ... Gz necessary pulse pattern, the a driver stage 53 is fed to the output with the control lines of the semiconductor switches Gu ... Gz connected is.
- a computer 54 controls all the functions of Crimping press. For the exchange of data between the computer and the peripheral modules is the bus system 55 to Available.
- An automatically different Network adaptive power supply 56 also generates the necessary for the operation of the controller 28 Auxiliary voltages.
- a battery-backed write-read memory 57 is used for Calculator 54 as a working memory.
- a read memory 58 the program for controlling the crimping press is stored.
- Other machines involved in the crimping process such as for example, conductor feed or contact feed, Control devices, safety circuits, etc. are with the Reference numeral 59 denotes and communicate for example, for synchronization via bus system 55 with the Control 28.
- the control terminal 27 is by means of a serial interface 60 connected to the computer 54. If the crimp press to a parent Jardinkonfedictioniertechnik 63 heard takes place the Communication of the controller 28 with the assembly unit 63 also via the serial interface 60.
- a Evaluation unit 61 detects the measured values of the force sensor 23.1 and the force transducer 38 and processes the Measurement data as shown above.
- menu-guided user-specific Data such as password, language, units, etc.
- operation-specific data such as acceleration, deceleration, Frequency of the motor, position points along the stroke to the Synchronization of the peripherals involved in the crimping process Machinery and equipment are entered.
- service-relevant data such as service-relevant data, statistical evaluations, Log data of the communication, drive data etc. be accessed.
- Operating modes such as calibration of the Starting position of the crimping rod 18, calibration of the Force sensor 23.1, Einricht religion to specify the for the respective tool necessary stroke, triggering a one-time crimping process for testing the crimped connection, Crimping with intermediate stop for positioning the Contact and subsequent pressing of the contact, Crimping with preselected stroke, etc. can also menu guided via operating terminal 27 of the controller 28 given, wherein the Crimpbär 18 and thus the Crimping tool can be positioned by means of knob 39.
- the resolver 21 used in the crimp press serves the Measurement of angular positions. He delivers an absolute Signal per revolution and is insensitive to Vibration loads and temperature. Because of his Mechanical construction also maintains its angle information received in case of power failure.
- the resolver 21 consists of a stator and a driven by the shaft 19 Rotor. At the stator is a first stator winding and a second stator winding and a rotor winding on the rotor arranged.
- the rotor winding is replaced by a Alternating voltage U1 with constant amplitude and frequency, For example, 5000 Hz excited.
- the second stator winding is shifted from the first stator winding by 90 ° arranged.
- Fig. 13 to 15 show the course of the crimping force of a typical contact family at different Crimpsciencen.
- the Crimping force is CK and on the horizontal graph axis the time, the deflection angle or the Crimpweg applied.
- the Crimpweg CW is the deflection angle ⁇ of Resolver 21 derived.
- the curve with a solid line is one out of, say, ten faultless crimps determined and the mean of these crimping forces representative reference curve. With broken line shown is the force curve of a faulty Crimping.
- Fig. 13 shows the force curve of a crimping, in the Drahtcrimp 7 three of nineteen single strands of the Conductor wire 12 is missing. The three individual strands are either pushed back when positioning the conductor been and / or cut off during stripping. In a first zone Z1 of the force curve, which is about the Closing operation of the double tabs 4, 6 reproduces lie the reference curve and the faulty crimp curve on each other, which is represented by the sign + -.
- a second zone Z2 of the force curve which is about the Pressing the first double lug 4 in the conductor insulation 11 and the pressing of the second double lug 6 in the Conductor 12 reproduces, the values of the faulty crimping well below the reference values, what is represented by the sign ---.
- a third zone Z3 of the force curve which is about the final plastic deformation of the double lugs 4, 6 reproduces, the values of the faulty crimping are still something below the reference values, what about the signs is shown.
- the area to the right of the third zone Z3 reflects the force curve during the opening process of the tool. In this area, the curves cover largely independent of the error of crimping.
- Fig. 14 shows the force curve of a crimp, in which the Conductor insulation 11 extends into the wire crimp 7.
- the Force curve of the faulty crimping a significant Elevation compared to the reference curve on what with the Sign ++++ is shown.
- the closing of the second Double lug 6 requires 11 more because of the conductor insulation Force.
- Fig. 15 shows the force curve of a crimp, in which the Lead wire 12 only partially extends into the wire crimp 7.
- the Force curve of the faulty crimping clearly below the reference curve, what with the sign - or with the Sign --- is shown.
- the deformation of the Double lugs 4, 6 in case of incomplete filling Insulation crimp 4 and wire crimp 6 requires less force.
- the crimping force CK is determined by means of a Force sensor 23.1 measured.
- the crimping force CK divides into the crimping dies 8, 9 on.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1 bis Fig. 3
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Crimpvorganges,
- Fig. 4
- eine Crimpverbindung zwischen einem Leiter und einem Kontakt,
- Fig. 5
- Einzelheiten eines Drahtcrimps,
- Fig. 6
- eine Crimppresse mit einem Crimpsimulator zur Kalibrierung eines Kraftsensors,
- Fig. 7
- den Crimpsimulator mit einem Stempel in der unteren Totpunktlage,
- Fig. 8
- den Crimpsimulator mit dem Stempel in der oberen Totpunktlage,
- Fig. 9
- Einzelheiten des Crimpsimulators,
- Fig. 9a
- einen Spannungs-Crimpkraftverlauf des Kraftsensors,
- Fig. 10 und Fig. 11
- Einzelheiten des Kraftsensors,
- Fig. 12
- Einzelheiten einer Pressensteuerung,
- Fig. 13 bis Fig. 15
- den Verlauf der Crimpkraft bei unterschiedlichen Crimpfehlern,
- Fig. 16
- den Crimpkraftverlauf mit einer Zoneneinteilung,
- Fig. 17
- Zonenabhängige Mess- und Rechenwerte und
- Fig. 18a bis Fig. 18c
- Grenzwerte für Fehlertypen.
Claims (6)
- Crimpeinrichtung zur Erzeugung einer Crimpkraft, mittels welcher ein Kontakt mit einem Leiter elektrisch und mechanisch unlösbar verbindbar sind, bestehend aus einem Antrieb (15, 16, 18, 19, 20) für ein an einem Werkzeughalter (23) angeordneten Crimpwerkzeug mit mindestens einem Crimpstempel, einer Steuerung (28), einem Geber (21) zur Bestimmung eines Crimpweges (CW) und einem Kraftsensor (23.1) zur Bestimmung der Crimpkraft (CK),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kraftsensor (23.1) mit der vom Antrieb (15, 16, 18, 19, 20) in vertikaler Richtung erzeugten, totalen Crimpkraft (CK) beaufschlagbar ist und oberhalb der Crimpstempel angeordnet ist. - Crimpeinrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kraftsensor (23.1) zur Bestimmung der Crimpkraft (CK) in vertikaler Richtung mehr als ein Sensorelement (48) aufweist, die zusammen ein auswertbares Signal erzeugen. - Crimpeinrichtung nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Sensorelement (48) ein Piezoelement ist, das zwischen einem Boden (41) und einem Deckel (42) eines Gehäuses (40) angeordnet ist, wobei die Innenseite des Bodens (41) und des Deckels (42) eine elektrisch leitende Beschichtung (43) aufweist. - Crimpeinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur präzisen Erfassung der Crimpkraft (CK) während eines der Kalibrierung des Kraftsensors (23.1) dienenden Kalibriervorganges ein Crimpsimulator (25) anstelle des Crimpwerkzeuges vorgesehen ist. - Crimpeinrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerung (28) eine Korrekturtabelle aufweist, in der die durch die Nichtlinearität des Kraftsensors (23.1) bedingten Kraftabweichungen gegenüber dem mittels des Crimpsimulators (25) gemessenen Kraftverlauf abgelegt sind und dass der Kraftsensor (23.1) mittels des Crimpsimulators (25) auf einen Kraftverlauf eichbar ist. - Crimpeinrichtung nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerung (28) eine Korrektureinrichtung aufweist, die beim Crimpvorgang den mittels des Kraftsensors (23.1) gemessenen Crimpkraftverlauf anhand der Korrekturtabelle linearisiert.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02002743A EP1211761B1 (de) | 1997-09-11 | 1998-09-01 | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Bestimmung der Qualität einer Crimpverbindung |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97810648 | 1997-09-11 | ||
EP97810648 | 1997-09-11 | ||
EP19980116524 EP0902509B1 (de) | 1997-09-11 | 1998-09-01 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Qualität einer Crimpverbindung |
EP02002743A EP1211761B1 (de) | 1997-09-11 | 1998-09-01 | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Bestimmung der Qualität einer Crimpverbindung |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19980116524 Division EP0902509B1 (de) | 1997-09-11 | 1998-09-01 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Qualität einer Crimpverbindung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1211761A1 EP1211761A1 (de) | 2002-06-05 |
EP1211761B1 true EP1211761B1 (de) | 2005-12-14 |
Family
ID=26148061
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02002743A Expired - Lifetime EP1211761B1 (de) | 1997-09-11 | 1998-09-01 | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Bestimmung der Qualität einer Crimpverbindung |
EP19980116524 Expired - Lifetime EP0902509B1 (de) | 1997-09-11 | 1998-09-01 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Qualität einer Crimpverbindung |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19980116524 Expired - Lifetime EP0902509B1 (de) | 1997-09-11 | 1998-09-01 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Qualität einer Crimpverbindung |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP1211761B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1381123B1 (de) * | 2002-07-10 | 2011-06-22 | Komax Holding AG | Crimppresse mit Kontaktzuführung |
US7024752B2 (en) | 2002-07-10 | 2006-04-11 | Komax Holding Ag | Crimping press with contact feed |
EP1515403B1 (de) * | 2003-09-10 | 2007-10-24 | komax Holding AG | Kabelbearbeitungseinrichtung |
DE102004043776B3 (de) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-06-14 | Bernhard Schäfer Werkzeug- und Sondermaschinenbau GmbH | Motorisch angetriebene Crimpvorrichtung |
DE102008030773B4 (de) * | 2008-06-28 | 2013-12-24 | GFE - Gesellschaft für Fertigungstechnik und Entwicklung Schmalkalden e.V. | Anordnung zur Integration einer Messelektronik in Crimpzangen |
US8746026B2 (en) | 2008-10-02 | 2014-06-10 | Komax Holding Ag | Method for determining the quality of a crimped connection between a conductor and a contact |
US9331447B2 (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2016-05-03 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Crimping apparatus having a crimp quality monitoring system |
TWI608677B (zh) | 2012-08-15 | 2017-12-11 | 威查格工具廠有限公司 | 壓接機用的變換承接器 |
DE102013211045A1 (de) * | 2013-06-13 | 2014-12-18 | Otto Bihler Handels-Beteiligungs-Gmbh | Umformverfahren mit Regelung einer geometrischen Eigenschaft eines Werkstücks und Vorrichtung dazu |
DE102014018995A1 (de) | 2014-12-18 | 2016-06-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Scheinwerfers sowie Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer |
DE102015010042A1 (de) | 2015-08-01 | 2017-02-02 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) | Prüfanordnung zur Prüfung mindestens einer Verbindungsschnittstelle und Verfahren zur Prüfung mindestens einer Verbindungsschnittstelle mit einer Prüfanordnung |
DE102017213147A1 (de) | 2017-07-31 | 2019-01-31 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Überprüfung von Steckverbindungen |
CN109655242A (zh) * | 2017-10-10 | 2019-04-19 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | 用于检测线束与端接件的连接的可靠性的方法及设备 |
DE102019101016A1 (de) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-07-16 | Harting Electric Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überprüfung der Qualität einer Crimpung |
DE102019101017A1 (de) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-07-16 | Harting Electric Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung des Zustands einer Crimpeinrichtung |
CH716048B1 (de) | 2019-04-09 | 2024-02-15 | Dietmar Kramer Dr Sc Techn Eth Phd | Verfahren sowie eine Messeinrichtung zum Ausmessen von Utensilien für Pressen. |
DE102020111790A1 (de) | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum zerstörungsfreien Prüfen einer Schlauchverbindung |
CN115345480B (zh) * | 2022-08-13 | 2024-11-12 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | 一种基于数字化技术的架空输电线路监测预警方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2906407C2 (de) * | 1979-02-20 | 1981-02-26 | Kistler Instrumente Ag, Winterthur (Schweiz) | Piezoelektrisches Wandlerelement zum Einbau in Druck-, Kraft- oder Beschleunigungsaufnehmer |
US4914602A (en) * | 1987-05-13 | 1990-04-03 | Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Method for detecting the molding defectiveness of a press-molded workpiece and a terminal press-bonding apparatus utilizing the same |
DE4014221A1 (de) * | 1989-05-12 | 1990-11-15 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur fertigungsueberwachung beim crimpen von flexiblen, abisolierten adern von leitungen |
GB8927466D0 (en) * | 1989-12-05 | 1990-02-07 | Amp Gmbh | Electrical terminal crimping apparatus |
DE4337797B4 (de) * | 1993-11-05 | 2007-05-31 | Kmf Messtechnik Und Verwaltungs Gmbh | Anordnung zum Erfassen der Kraft zwischen relativ zueinander bewegten Maschinenteilen |
-
1998
- 1998-09-01 EP EP02002743A patent/EP1211761B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-01 EP EP19980116524 patent/EP0902509B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0902509A1 (de) | 1999-03-17 |
EP1211761A1 (de) | 2002-06-05 |
EP0902509B1 (de) | 2003-01-22 |
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