Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
  • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
  • F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
  • F28D9/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having openings therein for both heat-exchange media

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a heat exchanger, and more specifically a heat exchanger of the type composed of a set of superimposed parallel plates which delimit two heat exchange chambers, one traversed by a primary fluid and the other by a secondary fluid, these two fluids circulating in the form of alternating thin layers, with trajectories nested one inside the other, the entry and exit of each fluid being made by a pair of mouths, called main, formed in a plate of end in the stack, via "wells", or entry and exit chimneys crossing the internal plates and communicating with the interstitial spaces constituting the corresponding enclosure.
• heat exchanger plates are thin metal plates, thermally good conductor, generally made of stainless steel, which are stamped and assembled by brazing or by a connection by means of bolted flanges, with interposition of rubber seals.
• the end plates of the stack have generally a thickness greater than the other, because it is they which have mouths - or connections - for connection of the heat exchanger pipes on inlet and outlet of two fluids.
• Some fittings may be located on the upper plate, and the others on the lower plate; in other embodiments, all of the fittings are located on a single plate, for example the upper plate.
• the dimensions of the plates and their number are naturally a function of the application concerned and the power sought.
• the plates have a generally rectangular shape, with rounded corners, dimensions of the order of 20 x 10 cm; the internal plates have a thickness of the order of 0.3 mm, the lower plate a thickness of the order of 0.8 mm and the upper plate of the order of
• the total number of plates is generally between ten and thirty.
• two families of plates are provided, which are stacked in an alternating manner, each type of plate having undulations or other stamped reliefs of special configuration, which channel the flow of each fluid in the enclosure which it has to traverse.
• the arrangement is designed so that the two flows of fluids between which the heat exchange takes place follow a labyrinth trajectory and circulate against the flow of one another, in order to favor this exchange.
• An exchanger of this kind is described for example in the document
• EP-A-0 61 1 941 which can be referred to if necessary.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 appended to this patent application are diagrams which illustrate the manner in which such an exchanger is used within a mixed circuit for domestic use of the kind mentioned above. These figures represent an installation in accordance with the state of the art.
• the circuit I comprises a heating source 1 of l circuit water
• I it is for example a boiler provided with a gas burner.
• a suitable pump 15 ensures the circulation of water in this circuit I.
• the return pipe comprises two pipes 12, 13, separated by a three-way valve 5; line 13 is connected to boiler 1, after passage through pump 15, via line 14.
• central heating water is the primary fluid; the exchanger 3 is connected in parallel with respect to the radiators 100, the bypass being located upstream of the radiators by the "T" pipe 2, and downstream of these radiators by the three-way valve 5.
• references 30 and 31 the inlet and outlet mouths of the primary fluid in the exchanger 3, respectively.
• the "T" tube 2 is connected to the mouth 30 by a pipe 20; the circuit mouth 31 is connected to the three-way valve 5 by a pipe 50.
• reference 4 On secondary circuit II, reference 4 has designated a source for producing cold water; it can simply be a tap connected to the drinking water network provided in the house receiving this installation.
• a device for using hot water has been designated by the reference 4 '; it is for example a tap or a shower head intended to supply hot water to the user.
• the source 4 is connected to the mouth 32 by a cold water supply pipe 40; the mouth 33 is connected to the use device 4 ′ by a hot water distribution pipe 41.
• the valve 5 is in a position such that the pipes 12-13 are placed in communication, the pipe 50 being, on the other hand, isolated. In this situation, the water supplied by the boiler travels exclusively through circuit I, as symbolized by the arrows F, ensuring the heating of the radiators 100.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a situation in which a drawing of sanitary water is requested, for example by opening a tap provided in the use device 4 '.
• Hot water does not pass through the radiators 100 since the outlet of the pipe 12 is closed.
• the hot water passes exclusively through the exchanger 3, as symbolized by the arrows G, returning to the boiler via the pipes 13 -14, and the pump 15.
• the water in secondary circuit II flows through the secondary enclosure of the exchanger, from inlet 32 to outlet 33, as symbolized by the trajectory line winding TS (secondary trajectory) and arrows H.
• the heat exchange takes place within the stack of plates, and it is therefore hot water which reaches the use device 4 '.
• the valve 5 switches back to its initial position allowing the radiators to be supplied.
• the water leaves boiler 1 at a temperature of the order of 80 ° C and returns to it at a temperature between 40 and 60 ° C, depending on the setting of the radiators.
• the respective temperatures of the cold water entering the exchanger 3 and the hot water leaving it are - still for information only - of the order of 15 ° C and, respectively, of the order of 45 ° C.
• the three-way valve 5 is very stressed, since it changes state with each drawing of sanitary water.
• FIG. 2 of this document makes it possible to understand the aforementioned size problem, the valve occupying a relatively large volume compared to that of the exchanger itself.
• Document WO-97/00415 discloses a plate heat exchanger, in which a shutter valve is integrated.
• the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5 of this document comprises a valve 25, the movable valve of which is adapted to selectively close the upper opening of one of the chimneys passing through the stack of the plate.
• the present invention aims to integrate into the plate exchanger a three-way valve system by an arrangement of very simple design and structure, which allows, on the one hand, to reduce very significantly the overall cost price of the valve-exchanger assembly, on the other hand significantly reduce their size.
• Another objective of the invention is to be able, if desired, to maintain the exchanger at a certain temperature by the permanent presence of a certain flow rate of the primary fluid within the exchanger, although there is no have no sanitary drawing.
• a setting temperature very fast hot water of the secondary circuit is obtained from the start of tilting of the three-way valve.
• the exchanger comprises a three-way valve for the distribution of the primary fluid, which is integrated into the exchanger, one of the channels of which is constituted by the one of two main mouths through which the primary fluid passes, the other by the opening of the chimney of the primary enclosure adjacent to this mouth, and the third by an annex mouth formed in the same end plate as said main mouth, and disposed near said chimney opening, a channel stamped in this plate making these two mouths communicate, the valve comprising a valve capable of selectively closing either said chimney opening or said annex mouth.
• the annex mouth is arranged coaxially opposite said chimney opening and the valve consists of a discoid piston movable in translation along the axis common to the mouth annex to the opening;
• This control means is fixed to the end plate opposite to the end plate in which the main and annex mouths are formed, the piston rod passing coaxially through the chimney;
• This control means is fixed to the end plate in which the main and annex mouths are formed, the piston rod passing coaxially through a tubular connection mounted in said annex mouth;
• an annex mouth which is formed in the same end plate as it, and which communicates with it by a channel stamped in the latter;
• the invention also relates to a mixed domestic hot water distribution installation comprising a primary central heating circuit and a secondary sanitary drawing circuit, this installation being equipped with an exchanger as described above, connected in parallel to the central heating radiators, central heating water, supplied by a boiler, constituting the primary fluid, while sanitary tap water constitutes the secondary fluid
• FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrams illustrating the operating principle of a mixed heating circuit, producing instantaneous domestic hot water, as understood in the state of the art;
• FIG. 3 is a front view, cut by the broken plane III-III of Figure 4;
• Figure 4 is a top view of Figure 3;
• FIG. 5 is a left view of Figure 3, cut by the broken plane N-N of Figure 4;
• Figure 6 is a left view of Figure 4, cut by the NI-NI plane.
• Figure 7 is a diagram of an installation equipped with this exchanger, the latter being shown seen from above;
• Figures 8 and 9 are diagrams similar to that of Figure 7, the heat exchanger there being shown from the side and in section, the installation being illustrated respectively in a state of heating and in a situation of sanitary water bailing hot;
• FIG. 10 is a side view cut by the broken plane X-X of Figure 11;
• FIG. 12 is a left view of Figure 10, cut by the broken plane referenced XII-XII in Figure 11;
• - Figure 13 is a left view of Figure 11, cut by the plane XIII-XIII;
• - Figures 14, 15 and 16 are views similar, respectively, to those of Figures 7, 8 and 9 above, intended to illustrate the operation of this second embodiment; - Figures 17 to 20, 21 to 24 and 25 to 28 show, respectively, a third, a fourth and a fifth possible embodiment of the exchanger according to the invention, the different views which represent these embodiments having a organization similar to those of FIGS. 3 to 6 (for the first embodiment) and 10 to 13 (for the second embodiment).
• the two end plates of the stack have been designated by the references 300 and 301, the plate 300 corresponding to the upper plate and the plate 301 to the lower plate.
• the internal plates of the stack are of two different types, referenced 302, 303.
• the interstitial spaces constituting the other enclosure, through which the secondary fluid passes, have been designated by the reference e 2 .
• wells, or chimneys, crossing the plates transversely communicate with these enclosures.
• Two diagonally opposite chimneys are provided for the inlet and outlet of the primary fluid, which communicate with the interstices e ⁇ ; similarly, two diametrically opposite chimneys are provided, communicating with the interstices e 2 .
• all of the fluid inlet and outlet mouths are formed in the upper plate 300.
• mouthpieces are small cylindrical sleeves, with an axis perpendicular to the plates.
• their external wall is threaded, to allow the connection of the pipes by means of complementary threaded connections, intended to be screwed there tightly. Any other waterproof connection mode is possible, of course.
• the references CEi and CSi have been designated .
• CE 2 and CS have designated the inlet and outlet chimneys, respectively, of outlet of the secondary fluid in the interstices e 2 of the stack.
• the mouth 30 for entering the primary fluid is positioned coaxially opposite the chimney CEi, in a corner of the exchanger.
• the inlet ports 32 and outlet 33 of the secondary fluid are arranged coaxially opposite the chimneys CE 2 and CS respectively, in the angles adjacent to the angle which has just been mentioned.
• the chimney CS] at the outlet of the primary fluid, is located in the fourth angle, that is to say in the corner diagonally opposite to the chimney C ⁇ ⁇ .
• a mouth called annex 60 Coaxially, opposite this chimney CSi, is a mouth called annex 60, also formed in the upper plate 300.
• the mouth 61 is offset with respect to the mouth 60 towards the central zone of the exchanger, parallel to its longitudinal edge (long side). An oblique orientation could be provided, depending on the desired positioning of the mouthpiece 61.
• the two mouths 60 and 61 communicate with each other by a channel 6 formed by stamping in the upper plate 300; this channel has an approximately semi-cylindrical section; it forms a recess in the upper plate 300 which delimits with the underlying flat plate 303 (against which this upper plate is applied and fixed) a passage 600.
• Channel 6 extends parallel to the long sides of the plates.
• the set of mouths 30, 32, 33, 60 and 61 are cylindrical tubular sleeves, of the same diameter; unlike the other mouths, the mouth 60 is internally threaded, and receives a threaded tubular connection 8, screwed into this mouth 60. Any other sealed connection mode is possible, of course.
• a sleeve 63 Coaxial with the mouth 60, but on the opposite side of the stack, that is to say in the lower plate 301, is formed a sleeve 63 similar to the sleeve 60, also tapped on its internal wall.
• valve body 7 In this sleeve 63 is fixed by screwing a valve body 7.
• This valve comprises a piston rod 70 axially movable, in the axis common to the sleeve 63, to the chimney CS t , to the mouth 60 and to the tubular body 8
• the rod 70 crosses the chimney CSi, and its free upper end is provided with a shutter disc, or valve, 71.
• the disc 71 comes to bear against the planar annular base 80 of the connector 8 thus closing the base of this connector, or on the contrary, is applied against the edge of the upper opening 62 of the chimney CSi (valve disc referenced 71 ') closing said opening.
• the diameter of the disc 71 is chosen to be slightly greater than the openings of the connector 8 and of the chimney CSi, while the mouth 60 has an internal diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the disc 71, in order to allow its introduction into the exchanger.
• the means for translational control of the rod 70 are known means, electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically controlled.
• It may in particular be an electromagnet or a linear actuator such as those used for controlling automobile carburetor valves, for example, or a membrane device controlled by the pressure difference existing on the circuit. sanitary during a drawing.
• the rod 70 is guided in leaktight manner in the end plate of the exchanger, for example by means of suitable O-rings.
• the discoid valve 71 is made of flexible and elastic material, such as an elastomeric synthetic material, capable of being applied in a sealed manner by each of its two opposite faces against the seat of the connector 8 or against the edge of the opening of the CSi chimney, while resisting the temperature differences encountered during operation.
• valve and its control device are for example of the same general type as the three-way valve which is the subject of document FR-A-2 719 101.
• the rod 70 could extend beyond the obturator disc 71, inside the tubular connection 8, to be guided therein in translation by a ring integral with this connection, the mounting of the ring in the central part of this connection being made by radial mounting arms not obstructing the flow of the primary fluid inside the connection 8.
• the pipes equipping the two circuits I and II have been assigned the same reference numbers as in FIGS. 1 and 2 relating to the state of the art. It can be seen that the pipe 20 coming from the "T" pipe 2 is connected to the mouth 30, while the return pipe to the boiler 13 is connected to the mouth 61.
• the piping 12 located downstream of the radiators 100 is connected to the fitting 8 and the mouthpiece 60.
• FIG. 8 shows a situation in which the radiators 100 are supplied.
• the shutter valve 71 is in its low position, closing the chimney outlet 62.
• the outlet of the primary enclosure constituted by the interstitial spaces ej; is therefore blocked, so that the primary fluid from the boiler cannot pass through the exchanger.
• All of the hot water supplied by the boiler 1 passes through the radiators 100, arrives in the exchanger via the pipe 12 and the connector 8, crosses the space 600 of the channel 6, and is evacuated therefrom through the mouth 61. through the pipes 13, 14, under the suction of the pump 15.
• valve 7 When there is sanitary drawing, the valve 7 automatically switches over, by raising the rod 70, symbolized by the arrow k in FIG. 9. The valve 71 then releases the outlet 62 from the chimney CSi, while closing the base of the tubular connector 60.
• the downstream part of the pipe 12 is thus closed off, so that the hot water can no longer circulate in the radiators 100.
• the domestic water flows through the exchanger with entry through the mouth 32 and the chimney CE 2 and exit through the chimney CS 2 and the mouth 33.
• the water in the primary circuit leaves the exchanger through the chimney CSi, the channel 6 and the mouth 61.
• valve 7 integrated into the exchanger constitutes, with the chimney CSi. the mouth 60 and the connector 8 and the mouthpiece 61 communicating therewith through the channel 6, a three-way valve having the same function as the valve 5 of Figures 1 and 2 but having an extremely simple structure and a compact configuration, which meets the desired objective.
• the second embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 10 to 13 has a design identical to that of the first embodiment with regard to the integration of the three-way valve. On the other hand, it is distinguished by the additional integration in the exchanger of the "T" tubing.
• an upper mouthpiece 36 is provided in the upper plate 300, which is arranged coaxially opposite the chimney CEi, in place of the mouthpiece 30.
• the mouths 30, 36 and the channel 35 therefore fulfill the same function as the conventional "T" tube 2, which further improves the compactness of the assembly while lowering the cost price.
• connection mouthpieces of the exchanger are provided on the same side of the latter, in the upper plate.
• the mounting of the three-way valve 7, the arrangement of the mouths 60, 61 and those of the channel 6, as well as the mouth 33 are identical to those of the two previous embodiments.
• the mouths 32, 30, 36, as well as the channel 35, assigned here the index "prime" are formed on the lower plate 301.
• the fourth embodiment which is illustrated in FIGS. 21 to 24, is generally similar to the first embodiment.
• the three-way valve referenced 9, is located and mounted on the upper plate 3.
• the body of the valve is tubular and has a part 93 screwed into the mouth 30, coaxially with the chimney CSi.
• This chimney is closed downwards by the bottom plate 301.
• the valve body has an inlet pipe 92 which forms a right angle with the part 93, the assembly forming an "L" shaped conduit.
• the operation of the shutter valve 91 is the same as that described above, this valve being able to selectively occupy a high position in which it closes the tubular body 93 or a low position in which it closes the upper opening of the chimney CSj.
• the fifth embodiment of the invention which is illustrated in FIGS. 25 to 28, differs essentially from the previous one, in that the body of the valve, referenced 9 ', extends not axially but transversely with respect to to its tubular connection, referenced 93 '.
• the latter is a cylindrical sleeve screwed coaxially into the mouth 60. Its opposite end 96 ′ is intended to be connected to the pipe 12.
• the valve has a piston 95 ′ constituted by a flat rod
• valve in the form of a washer 91 ′ capable of selectively closing, as in the previous embodiments, the upper opening of the chimney CSj . , or the base of the tube 93 '.
• the valve body 9 ' arranged at right angles to the tubular connection 93', is an actuator capable of causing the pivoting of a control rod 90 'around its own axis.
• the free end part of the rod 90 ′ is bent twice, so as to form a crank section 900 ′, which is located in the central part of the tube 93 ′, and enters a lumen 94 ′ formed in the rod flat piston 95 '.
• This light is an elongated hole, perpendicular to the axis of the piston.
• the rod 90 ' can pivot by an angle of the order of 120 °, thereby causing the piston 95', and therefore the shutter valve 91 'to be lowered or raised.
• the light-shaped connection 94 ′ authorizes the transverse movement of the rod end 900 ′ during its pivoting.
• the flat piston rod (frame) 95 'does not obstruct the passage of the primary fluid from the piping 12 to the channel space 600, when the valve is in the low position.
• this member 95 ' is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the channel 6, which limits the pressure drop in the flow of primary fluid when it flows from the tube 93' to the mouth 61 via space 600. Thanks to this arrangement, it is possible to provide an orientation in the same direction of all the pipes connected to the exchanger, perpendicular to the plates of the exchanger.
• this embodiment can also be provided with an integrated "T" tube, like the second or the third embodiment.
• the actuator of the rod 90 ′ is for example an electromagnet or an electric geared motor, with a rotary axis.
• the integrated valve could be placed on the side of the entry of the primary fluid into the exchanger and, on the contrary, the "T" tubing (integrated or not) could be positioned on the other side, at the outlet of the exchanger, according to one arrangement similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1 of document FR-A-2 719 101 already cited.
• a valve could be provided whose tilting from shutter position to the other takes place not instantaneously, but with a certain slowness (a few seconds for example), of so as to avoid thermal shock in the exchanger.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
• Fuel Cell (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
• Safety Valves (AREA)
• Thermally Insulated Containers For Foods (AREA)

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• 1999
  • 1999-02-24 FR FR9902480A patent/FR2790073B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-12-24 PT PT99961168T patent/PT1155271E/pt unknown
  • 1999-12-24 AT AT99961168T patent/ATE292778T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-12-24 DE DE69924647T patent/DE69924647T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-12-24 ES ES99961168T patent/ES2241348T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-12-24 WO PCT/FR1999/003281 patent/WO2000050832A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1999-12-24 EP EP99961168A patent/EP1155271B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-12-24 AU AU17867/00A patent/AU1786700A/en not_active Abandoned

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