EP1154100A1 - Method and apparatuses for renovating a floor - Google Patents

Abstract

The reinforcing procedure involves injecting a bonding or sealing substance (15) into the mortar (12) through a series of hollow perforated steel dowels (1) to form reinforced micro-piles. The dowels have a diameter of 6 - 8 mm, inserted at intervals of 20 - 30 cm, and the fluid is injected through them at a pressure of 2 - 5 bars to form mini-piles that are virtually in contact and fill 30 - 40 per cent of the mortar layer.

Description

The invention relates to the rehabilitation of a soil consisting of a solid and healthy substrate, a screed in hardened hydraulic mortar made on the substrate and a wear coating adhering to the screed, the screed has excessive porosity which reduces or limits the mechanical properties of the soil.

Rehabilitation means that we seek to alleviate the defects of a screed that has become mediocre and / or that seeks to allow a new use of the soil.

Many reasons can be the cause of the poor screed, including hydration excessive or insufficient compaction of the screed moment of its realization, so that the hardened screed has excessive porosity.

A new use of the land consists of example to allow a floor originally designed for a pedestrian use to be operated as part of a industrial use.

This is achieved according to the invention by performing in the soil of the micropiles by means of tubular dowels rigid and hollow steel perforated laterally which pass through the covering and the screed and are anchored in the substrate and a bonding product or curable seal injected under pressure into the dowels so that the product diffuses through the lateral perforations of the ankles in the porosity of the screed, each ankle and the injected and hardened product present in the yoke around the ankle constituting thus a micropile armed by the ankle, suitable for resume horizontal forces (tension in the coating) as well as the vertical forces due to exploitation charges.

It is known to inject a sealant with using hollow dowels to fill in cracks or an intermediate space between a substrate and a coating (EP 0 299 121) or between a mortar and a coating ((JP 10 030 343) or between the substrate and a layer of mortar (WO 87 01153).

None of these publications describes or suggests the creation of micropiles in order to rehabilitate a soil whose screed is defective, nor does it provide to use the defect that constitutes porosity excessive screed to make micropiles.

We adjust the diameter of the micropiles by choosing injection pressure, taking into account the degree of porosity of the screed, determined beforehand.

Preferably, micropiles from 100 to 150 mm in diameter approximately.

Preferably, the pins are distributed so that the micropiles are substantially contiguous.

Preferably, the anchors are also used to temporarily maintain the coating so to prevent it from lifting during the injections, possibly until the bonding or sealing, which makes it possible to implement a high injection pressure, favorable to distribution of the product in the voids of the yoke.

It is considered that a pressure in the range 2-5 bars should be sufficient for this purpose, at least in the generality of the cases, without excluding more pressures high if necessary, for example up to 20 bars.

The invention also relates to a device for rehabilitate a soil consisting of a substrate, a hydraulic mortar screed made on the substrate and which has voids and a wear coating adhering to the screed by gluing or sealing, which includes a set of micropiles made up of tubular and hollow steel dowels which pass through vertically the screed and are anchored in the substrate and a bonding product which has been injected under pressure in the ankles, diffused in the voids of the yoke around the ankles by lateral perforations of the ankles and hardened, thus constituting micropiles armed by ankles.

The invention also relates to the ankles. tubular steel, rigid and hollow, perforated laterally long enough to cross the screed, able to anchor in the substrate and to be connected to a source of injection product under pressure, these dowels comprising means capable of temporarily maintain the coating preventing its uprising.

These pegs are made, for example, by removable tubes and end pieces, for example screwed or clipped to the tubes, these end pieces carrying flanges capable of maintaining the coating when the ankle is in place.

• la figure 1 est une élévation d'une cheville conforme à l'invention, pour la réalisation d'une injection,
• la figure 2 est une coupe verticale schématique d'un revêtement fixé au moyen d'un ciment collé sur une chape formée sur un subjectile,
• la figure 3 est une coupe analogue à celle de la figure 2 après réalisation d'un forage dans un joint du revêtement, à travers la chape et jusque dans le subjectile,
• la figure 4 est une coupe analogue à celle de la figure 3 après mise en place dans le forage de la cheville de la figure 1,
• la figure 5 est une coupe analogue à celle de la figure 4 pendant l'injection,
• la figure 6 est une coupe analogue à celle de la figure 5 après l'injection, et
• la figure 7 est un schéma en plan montrant une répartition préférée des chevilles et des micropieux.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention will be described below, with reference to the figures in the accompanying drawing in which:

• FIG. 1 is an elevation of a dowel according to the invention, for carrying out an injection,
• FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical section of a covering fixed by means of a cement bonded to a screed formed on a substrate,
• FIG. 3 is a section similar to that of FIG. 2 after drilling has been carried out in a joint of the covering, through the screed and into the substrate,
• FIG. 4 is a section similar to that of FIG. 3 after being put into place in the drilling of the dowel of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 5 is a section similar to that of FIG. 4 during the injection,
• FIG. 6 is a section similar to that of FIG. 5 after the injection, and
• Figure 7 is a plan diagram showing a preferred distribution of pins and micropiles.

The pin shown in Figure 1 includes a hollow steel metal tube (1), with a diameter of 6 to 8mm, and a ferrule (2). Both parts can be fixed temporarily to each other, for example by screwing.

The tube (1) has lateral holes (3) and has a lower end (1A) provided with slots (4). The tube has a thread (6) at its upper end.

The end piece (2) is capable of being screwed onto the thread (6) of the tube and has a transverse flange (7).

• l'extrémité fendue du tube pénètre et est ancrée dans le subjectile,
• les trous du tube sont répartis dans la longueur de l'intervalle entre le revêtement et le subjectile,
• la colerette de l'embout est en appui sur le revêtement,
• s'il y a lieu, la dimension transversale de la cheville est inférieure à la largeur des joints du revêtement.

The dimensions of the dowel are adapted to the case of the coating to be rehabilitated so that when the dowel is in place:

• the split end of the tube penetrates and is anchored in the substrate,
• the holes in the tube are distributed over the length of the gap between the coating and the substrate,
• the flange of the nozzle is supported on the coating,
• if applicable, the transverse dimension of the anchor is less than the width of the joints of the covering.

Figure 2 :

on a représenté sur cette figure deux dalles voisines (10A,10B) d'un revêtement (10) séparées par un joint (9). Le subjectile (13) est par exemple un dallage, un radier, un plancher en béton ou autres matériaux sur lequel on a réalise une chape en mortier (12) d'une épaisseur de 5 à 7cm et les dalles ont été fixées sur cette chape au moyen d'un ciment-colle ou d'un mortier (11).
Il va de soi que l'invention n'est pas limitée à cet exemple et s'applique à n'importe quel matériau de support et à n'importe quelle matière de fixation.

Figure 3 :

un forage (8) est pratiqué au travers du joint (9) entre les dalles (10A, 10B) traversant le joint (9), le mortier (11), la chape (12) et aboutissant dans le subjectile (13), perpendiculairement au subjectile.

Figure 4 :

la tige (1) de la cheville est enfoncée par des chocs axiaux dans le forage jusqu'à ce que son extrémité fendue (1A) ait pénétré dans le subjectile (13) où elle se trouve ancrée mécaniquement par déformation de son extrémité fendue et, si besoin est, chimiquement par un produit injecté dans cette extrémité ; l'embout (2) de la cheville est alors vissé sur la tige en sorte que sa colerette (7) vienne s'appliquer sur les dalles du revêtement, de part et d'autre du joint.

Figure 5 :

l'embout (2) de la cheville est relié par un conduit (14) à un réservoir sous pression (non représenté) d'une résine ou autre substance de collage ou de scellement (15) en soi connue qui est injectée sous une pression généralement de l'ordre de 2 à 5 bars mais pouvant dans certains cas ultimes atteindre de 20bars, qui se répartit dans la chape autour de la cheville, dans la zone représentée en tiretés sur la figure et qu'on laisse durcir.

Figure 6 :

après injection, l'embout (2) de la cheville est dévissé et le joint est refermé par apport d'une matière appropriée.
La tige de la cheville qui reste en place fait office d'armature dans la substance injectée solidifiée, les valeurs de reprise des efforts horizontaux et verticaux sont ainsi sensiblement valorisés.

Figures 2 to 6 illustrate an operation of using a dowel:

Figure 2:

there is shown in this figure two adjacent slabs (10A, 10B) of a covering (10) separated by a seal (9). The substrate (13) is for example a paving, a slab, a concrete or other material floor on which a mortar screed (12) with a thickness of 5 to 7 cm has been made and the slabs have been fixed on this screed using a thin-set mortar or mortar (11).
It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to this example and applies to any support material and to any fixing material.

Figure 3:

drilling (8) is carried out through the joint (9) between the slabs (10A, 10B) passing through the joint (9), the mortar (11), the screed (12) and ending in the substrate (13), perpendicularly to the substrate.

Figure 4:

the rod (1) of the ankle is pressed by axial shocks into the borehole until its split end (1A) has penetrated into the substrate (13) where it is mechanically anchored by deformation of its split end and, if necessary, chemically by a product injected into this end; the end piece (2) of the ankle is then screwed onto the rod so that its flange (7) comes to apply on the paving slabs, on either side of the joint.

Figure 5:

the end piece (2) of the dowel is connected by a conduit (14) to a pressure tank (not shown) of a resin or other bonding or sealing substance (15) known per se which is injected under pressure generally of the order of 2 to 5 bars but which in certain ultimate cases can reach 20 bars, which is distributed in the yoke around the ankle, in the zone shown in dashed lines in the figure and which is left to harden.

Figure 6:

after injection, the end piece (2) of the ankle is unscrewed and the seal is closed by adding an appropriate material.
The ankle rod which remains in place acts as a reinforcement in the solidified injected substance, the recovery values of the horizontal and vertical forces are thus significantly enhanced.

The number and distribution of boreholes to be drilled and corresponding pegs, as well as the volume of injection by drilling are chosen according to the case of application and the volumes of vacuum to be filled, determined in advance, so that the product injected in an anchor is spread in the screed at least in an area (Z) of 100 to 150mm in diameter around the ankle, across the entire height of the yoke. Of preferably, these zones (Z) are almost contiguous, as this is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 7.

We know different methods for prior determination of the level of porosity of the screed.

A simple method consists, for example, in taking a carrot in the screed mortar, steaming and hydrate it, weighing the carrot after steaming before hydration, and weighing it after hydration.

According to the invention, the boreholes are divided into so that in any direction on the covering, any ankle is at most 35cm, preferably at most 30cm, even better at most 20cm, if necessary, from another ankle.

The number of pegs increases with the volume of the screed void. For example, 30, 40 or 50 dowels per m ^{2 are used} depending on whether the porosity of the screed is greater than 20%, 30% or 40% of the volume of the hardened screed. It goes without saying that these values are given for information only.

In the case of tile coverings, drilling are preferably made in the joints between the slabs, for example due to drilling near each slab angle.

Drilling can also be carried out in slabs themselves, especially if the covering must be subsequently hidden or changed.

Thanks to the invention, a faulty floor or for pedestrian use having an operating load limited to 300 kg / m ² can support loads equal to or greater than 8000 kg / m ² and equal or greater than 4000 kg per wheel. handling equipment.

Sealing the ankles in the solid and healthy substrate provides the unit with inertia and tensile strength capable of resuming hydrostatic thrusts of more than 5000 kg / m ² .

The invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been described and applies to any type of coating, continuous or discontinuous, and to any substrate, with or without an intermediate screed, the covering as the substrate being, vertical, horizontal or other, plane or not plan.

Claims (16)

Method for rehabilitating a soil consisting of a solid and healthy substrate, from screed to hardened hydraulic mortar made on the substrate and an adherent wear coating to the screed, whose screed has a excessive porosity which reduces or limits mechanical properties of the soil, in which creates micropiles in the ground using rigid steel tubular dowels and laterally perforated hollows running through the screed and are anchored in the substrate and a bonding or sealing product curable injected under pressure into dowels so that the product diffuses through the lateral perforations of the ankles in the porosity of the screed, each peg and the injected and hardened product present in the screed around the ankle thus constituting a micropiles armed by the ankle, suitable for resume horizontal forces (tension in the coating) as well as the forces vertical due to operating costs. The method of claim 1, wherein we adjust the diameter of the micropiles in choosing injection pressure, counts given the degree of porosity of the screed, determined beforehand. Method according to claim 1 or 2, in which we make micropiles from 100 to 150 mm in diameter approximately. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, in which the pegs are distributed so that the micropiles are substantially joined. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the pegs are distributed so that in any direction on the covering, any ankle either more than 30cm from another ankle. The method of claim 5, wherein in which the pegs are distributed so that in any direction on the covering, any ankle either more than 20cm from another ankle. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which 30, 40 or 50 dowels per m ^{2 are used} depending on whether the porosity of the screed is greater than 20%, 30% or 40% of the volume of the hardened screed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which pressure is used injection range 2-5 bar. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which pegs are used having a diameter from 6 to 8 mm. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which drilling is carried out in the coating or in the coating joints down to the substrate and we introduce the anchors in the boreholes. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, in which we use the pegs for maintain the coating to prevent its lifting during injections. Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, in which the pegs are placed in the coating joints near corners slabs in the case of a coating made up of slabs and intended to be preserved. Device for rehabilitating constituted soil a substrate (13), a mortar screed hydraulic (12) produced on the substrate and which has voids and a coating wear (10) adhering to the screed by gluing or sealing, which includes a set of micropiles made of tubular dowels and hollow steel (1) perforated laterally which cross the screed vertically and are anchored in the substrate and a product of bonding (15) which was injected under pressure in the ankles, diffused in the voids of the yoke around the ankles by the lateral perforations (3) of the ankles and a hardened, thus forming armed micropiles by the ankles. Tubular and hollow steel dowel for a device according to claim 13, which includes removable holding means (2) to hold a transverse flange (7) able to hold the coating to prevent its lifting during the injection. Dowel according to claim 14, the detachable holding means are formed (2) by a screwed or clipped end on the rod and which carries a transverse collar (7). Soils rehabilitated using a process according to one of claims 1 to 12 or of a device according to claim 13.

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