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EP1125087A1 - Burner assembly - Google Patents

Burner assembly

Info

Publication number
EP1125087A1
EP1125087A1 EP99952393A EP99952393A EP1125087A1 EP 1125087 A1 EP1125087 A1 EP 1125087A1 EP 99952393 A EP99952393 A EP 99952393A EP 99952393 A EP99952393 A EP 99952393A EP 1125087 A1 EP1125087 A1 EP 1125087A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
burner
mouth
burner arrangement
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99952393A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1125087B1 (en
Inventor
Carsten Tiemann
Martin Lenze
Manfred Lenz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1125087A1 publication Critical patent/EP1125087A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1125087B1 publication Critical patent/EP1125087B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
    • F23R3/50—Combustion chambers comprising an annular flame tube within an annular casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M20/00—Details of combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for, e.g. means for storing heat from flames
    • F23M20/005—Noise absorbing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00014—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner arrangement with a burner which opens into a combustion chamber.
  • a burner arrangement for a gas turbine is a burner arrangement for a gas turbine.
  • DE 43 39 094 AI is a method for damping ther oakustica vibrations in the combustion chamber
  • thermoacoustic vibrations which are also called combustion vibrations.
  • combustion vibrations are not only an undesirable sound source, but can also lead to impermissibly high mechanical loads on the combustion chamber.
  • thermo-acoustic oscillation is actively damped in that the location of the heat release fluctuation associated with the combustion is controlled by injecting a fluid.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a burner arrangement which exhibits favorable behavior, in particular with regard to the avoidance of thermoacoustic vibrations.
  • a burner arrangement comprising a burner which opens into a combustion chamber at a mouth, the mouth being formed at least partially by a flow guide element projecting into the combustion chamber for guiding a fuel gas stream emerging from the burner into the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel gas stream can be a mixture of combustion air with, for example, oil or natural gas.
  • the flow guide element serves to guide the fuel gas stream emerging from the mouth. As a result, the area of combustion of the fuel gas stream is shifted further into the combustion chamber. In addition, the flame shape of the combustion is affected.
  • the burner arrangement ie the burner and combustion chamber system, is acoustically detuned by the influence on the shape and location of the combustion. This acoustic detuning prevents combustion vibrations or at least attenuates them.
  • the flow guide element protruding into the combustion chamber also provides a tear-off edge for eddies from the fuel gas flow. These vortices result in a backflow area for at least part of the fuel gas flow. This has a favorable effect on stabilizing the flame and reducing nitrogen oxide emissions. The reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions results from an equalization of the flame temperatures by the mixing vortices.
  • the flow guide element is preferably a hollow cylinder or truncated cone directed along a flow guide element axis. More preferably, the hollow cylinder or the hollow truncated cone end on an imaginary top surface, the
  • Cover surface is not oriented perpendicular to the flow guide axis.
  • the hollow cylinder or the hollow truncated cone end on a bevelled top surface.
  • the fuel gas stream is thus guided on a long side of the hollow cylinder or truncated cone over a longer distance than on a short side opposite the long side.
  • the flow guide element is preferably arranged around half of the mouth. This provides the fuel gas flow with a contact surface on one side. In addition to the influence on the shape of the combustion, the fuel gas flow is thereby deflected to a certain extent towards the open area. This in turn results in the location of the combustion being relocated. As a result, acoustic detuning and thus the suppression of a combustion oscillation are achieved particularly efficiently.
  • the flow guiding element is preferably a sheet made of a high-temperature metal, preferably a steel.
  • a burner arrangement with a plurality of burners in a common combustion chamber is preferred.
  • combustion vibrations cannot be predicted and are therefore particularly difficult to control.
  • the complex system of the plurality of burners in the common combustion chamber can be acoustically detuned in a simple and efficient manner in such a way that combustion vibrations occur with a small amplitude at most.
  • the combustion chamber is preferably an annular combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • a gas turbine particularly a stationary gas turbine, releases a very large amount of power during combustion. Combustion vibrations can not only be acoustically disturbing, but also mechanically damaging. Suppression of combustion vibrations is therefore of particular importance here.
  • the mouth preferably has a mouth diameter and the flow guiding element has a longest extension along the element axis, the longest extension being between one sixth and half of the mouth diameter.
  • the value of the longest extension is preferably between one and ten centimeters.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a burner arrangement shown in sections
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a detail of a burner arrangement with a flow guide element that has been modified compared to FIG.
  • Figure 3 shows an annular combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a burner arrangement 1 shown in sections.
  • a burner 3 is arranged on a combustion chamber 9 of a combustion chamber 11 (not shown).
  • the burner 3 is a hybrid burner, ie it can be operated as a diffusion burner or as a premix burner.
  • the burner 3 has an annular channel 5 as a premixing stage.
  • the ring channel 5 concentrically surrounds a pilot burner 7.
  • a fuel-air mixture 14a is guided in the ring channel 5. This combines with a fuel-air mixture 14b from the pilot burner 7 to form a fuel gas stream 14.
  • the fuel gas stream 14 exits the burner 3 from an outlet 13 along an outlet direction 15.
  • the mouth 13 is surrounded by a hollow cylindrical flow guide element 17.
  • the flow 17 terminates at an imaginary top surface 16.
  • the Strömungsleitele- ruent 17 is directed along a Strömungsleitelementachse 17b ge ⁇ .
  • the top surface 16 is not oriented perpendicular to the flow guide element axis 17b.
  • the flow guide element 17 thus ends at an inclined top surface 16.
  • the flow guide element 17 thus has a long side 17c and a short side 17d.
  • the fuel gas stream 14 is guided on the long side 17c over a somewhat larger distance than on the short side 17d.
  • the fuel gas stream 14 opens in the direction of the short side 17d. This results in a displacement of the combustion area perpendicular to the mouth direction 15.
  • the flow guide element 17 surrounding the mouth 13 also results in such a displacement of the combustion area along the mouth direction 15.
  • the shape of the combustion area is influenced by the flow control element 17.
  • the displacement of the combustion area and the influence on the shape of the combustion area have the consequence that the acoustic system consisting of burner 3 and combustion chamber 11 is acoustically detuned. In this way, combustion oscillation is avoided or at least weakened.
  • the flow guide element 17 ends at a tear-off edge 18. At this tear-off edge 18, vortices 20 tear off from the fuel gas stream 14. This creates a backflow area for fuel gas. Such a reverse flow area stabilizes the combustion and reduces nitrogen oxide formation by making the combustion more uniform.
  • FIG. 2 shows a burner arrangement 1 in longitudinal section corresponding to the burner arrangement 1 from FIG. 1.
  • the flow guide element 17 is designed as a truncated cone.
  • the flow control element 17 thus widens in the direction of the fuel gas stream 14.
  • the flow control element 17 in turn displaces the location of the combustion of the fuel gas stream 14.
  • the shape of the combustion is also influenced by the flow control element 17. It is also achieved here that the acoustic system of burner 3 and combustion chamber 11 is acoustically detuned. As explained above, this results in suppression of combustion vibrations.
  • FIG. 11 An annular combustion chamber for a gas turbine is shown in perspective and partially broken away in FIG.
  • the combustion chamber 11 is rotationally symmetrical about a combustion chamber axis 25 and has an outer wall 21 and an inner wall 23.
  • the outer wall 21 and the inner wall 23 enclose an annular combustion chamber 24.
  • the inner surface of the outer wall 21 and the outer surface of the inner wall 23 are provided with a refractory inner lining 27.
  • Flow guide elements 17 are arranged on some of the burners 3. By suitable orientation and arrangement of the flow guide element 17, the system of burners 3 and combustion chamber 11 is acoustically detuned so that combustion oscillations are suppressed. This is necessary in particular given the high geometric complexity of an annular combustion chamber with a large number of burners, since the acoustic properties of such an annular combustion chamber 11 are practically unpredictable.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a burner assembly (1) comprising a burner (3) which ends into a combustion chamber (11) in an area at least partially formed by a flow-guiding element (17) extending in the combustion chamber (11). The inventive burner assembly allows combustion vibrations to be avoided.

Description

Beschreibungdescription

BrenneranordnungBurner arrangement

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Brenneranordnung mit einem Brenner, der in eine Brennkammer mündet. Insbesondere geht es um eine Brenneranordnung für eine Gasturbine.The invention relates to a burner arrangement with a burner which opens into a combustion chamber. In particular, it is a burner arrangement for a gas turbine.

In der DE 43 39 094 AI ist ein Verfahren zur Dämpfung von ther oakustischen Schwingungen in der Brennkammer einerDE 43 39 094 AI is a method for damping ther oakustischen vibrations in the combustion chamber

Gasturbine beschrieben. Bei der Verbrennung von Brennstoffen in der Brennkammer einer stationären Gasturbine, eines Flugzeugtriebwerks oder dergleichen kann es aufgrund der Verbrennungsvorgänge zu Instabilitäten oder Druckschwankungen ko - men, die unter ungünstigen Verhältnissen thermoakustische Schwingungen anregen, die auch Verbrennungsschwingungen genannt werden. Diese stellen nicht nur eine unerwünschte Schallquelle dar, sondern können zu unzulässig hohen mechanischen Belastungen der Brennkammer führen. Eine solche thermo- akustische Schwingung wird aktiv dadurch gedämpft, daß durch Eindüsen eines Fluides der Ort der mit der Verbrennung verbundenen Wärmefreisetzungsschwankung gesteuert wird.Gas turbine described. When combusting fuels in the combustion chamber of a stationary gas turbine, an aircraft engine or the like, instabilities or pressure fluctuations can occur due to the combustion processes, which under unfavorable conditions excite thermoacoustic vibrations, which are also called combustion vibrations. These are not only an undesirable sound source, but can also lead to impermissibly high mechanical loads on the combustion chamber. Such a thermo-acoustic oscillation is actively damped in that the location of the heat release fluctuation associated with the combustion is controlled by injecting a fluid.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Brenneranordnung anzuge- ben, die insbesondere hinsichtlich der Vermeidung thermoaku- stischer Schwingungen ein günstiges Verhalten aufweist.The object of the invention is to provide a burner arrangement which exhibits favorable behavior, in particular with regard to the avoidance of thermoacoustic vibrations.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe gelöst durch eine Brenneranordnung umfassend einen Brenner, welcher an einer Mün- düng in eine Brennkammer mündet, wobei die Mündung zumindest teilweise von einem in die Brennkammer ragenden Strömungsleitelement zur Führung eines aus dem Brenner in die Brennkammer austretenden Brenngasstroms gebildet ist.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a burner arrangement comprising a burner which opens into a combustion chamber at a mouth, the mouth being formed at least partially by a flow guide element projecting into the combustion chamber for guiding a fuel gas stream emerging from the burner into the combustion chamber.

Der Brenngasstrom kann ein Gemisch aus Verbrennungsluft mit z.B. Öl oder Erdgas sein. Das Strömungsleitelement dient der Führung des aus der Mündung austretenden Brenngasstroms . Hierdurch wird das Gebiet der Verbrennung des Brenngasstroms weiter in die Brennkammer hinein verlagert. Außerdem wird die Flammenform der Verbrennung beeinflußt. Durch den Einfluß auf die Form und den Ort der Verbrennung wird die Brenneranord- nung, d.h. das System aus Brenner und Brennkammer, akustisch verstimmt. Diese akustische Verstimmung verhindert Verbrennungsschwingungen oder schwächt diese zumindest ab. Durch das in die Brennkammer hineinragende Strömungsleitelement wird außerdem eine Abrißkante für Wirbel aus dem Brenngasstrom be- reitgestellt. Durch diese Wirbel ergibt sich ein Rückströmgebiet für zumindest einen Teil des Brenngasstroms . Dies wirkt sich günstig auf eine Stabilisierung der Flamme und auf eine Reduzierung der Stickoxidemissionen aus. Die Reduzierung der Stickoxidemission resultiert aus einer Vergleichmäßigung der Flammtemperaturen durch die mischenden Wirbel.The fuel gas stream can be a mixture of combustion air with, for example, oil or natural gas. The flow guide element serves to guide the fuel gas stream emerging from the mouth. As a result, the area of combustion of the fuel gas stream is shifted further into the combustion chamber. In addition, the flame shape of the combustion is affected. The burner arrangement, ie the burner and combustion chamber system, is acoustically detuned by the influence on the shape and location of the combustion. This acoustic detuning prevents combustion vibrations or at least attenuates them. The flow guide element protruding into the combustion chamber also provides a tear-off edge for eddies from the fuel gas flow. These vortices result in a backflow area for at least part of the fuel gas flow. This has a favorable effect on stabilizing the flame and reducing nitrogen oxide emissions. The reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions results from an equalization of the flame temperatures by the mixing vortices.

Bevorzugt ist das Strömungsleitelement ein entlang einer Strömungsleitelementachse gerichteter Hohlzylinder oder Hohlkegelstumpf. Weiter bevorzugt enden der Hohlzylinder oder der Hohlkegelstumpf an einer gedachten Deckfläche, wobei dieThe flow guide element is preferably a hollow cylinder or truncated cone directed along a flow guide element axis. More preferably, the hollow cylinder or the hollow truncated cone end on an imaginary top surface, the

Deckfläche nicht senkrecht zur Strömungsleitelementachse orientiert ist. Mit anderen Worten: Der Hohlzylinder oder der Hohlkegelstumpf enden an einer abgeschrägten Deckfläche. Der Brenngasstrom wird somit an einer Langseite des Hohlzylinders oder Hohlkegelstumpfes über eine längere Strecke geführt als auf einer der Langseite gegenüberliegenden Kurzseite.Cover surface is not oriented perpendicular to the flow guide axis. In other words, the hollow cylinder or the hollow truncated cone end on a bevelled top surface. The fuel gas stream is thus guided on a long side of the hollow cylinder or truncated cone over a longer distance than on a short side opposite the long side.

Bevorzugtermaßen ist das Strömungsleitelement etwa um die Hälfte der Mündung herum angeordnet. Somit wird dem Brenn- gasstrom einseitig eine Anlagefläche geboten. Zusätzlich zu dem Einfluß auf die Form der Verbrennung wird dadurch der Brenngasstrom ein Stück weit zur offenen Fläche hin abgelenkt. Dies hat wiederum eine Verlagerung des Orts der Verbrennung zur Folge. Dadurch wird besonders effizient eine akustische Verstimmung und damit die Unterdrückung einer Verbrennungsschwingung erreicht. Bevorzugt ist das Strömungsleitelement ein Blech aus einem hochwarmfesten Metall, vorzugsweise aus einem Stahl.The flow guide element is preferably arranged around half of the mouth. This provides the fuel gas flow with a contact surface on one side. In addition to the influence on the shape of the combustion, the fuel gas flow is thereby deflected to a certain extent towards the open area. This in turn results in the location of the combustion being relocated. As a result, acoustic detuning and thus the suppression of a combustion oscillation are achieved particularly efficiently. The flow guiding element is preferably a sheet made of a high-temperature metal, preferably a steel.

Bevorzugt ist eine Brenneranordnung mit einer Vielzahl von Brennern in einer gemeinsamen Brennkammer. Bei einer Vielzahl von Brennern in einer gemeinsamen Brennkammer sind Verbrennungsschwingungen nicht vorhersagbar und damit besonders schwer kontrollierbar. Durch den Einsatz eines Strömungsleitelements an einem Brenner oder auch an mehreren Brennern läßt sich das komplexe System aus der Vielzahl von Brennern in der gemeinsamen Brennkammer in einfacher Weise und effizient akustisch so verstimmen, daß VerbrennungsSchwingungen allenfalls noch mit geringer Amplitude auftreten.A burner arrangement with a plurality of burners in a common combustion chamber is preferred. With a large number of burners in a common combustion chamber, combustion vibrations cannot be predicted and are therefore particularly difficult to control. By using a flow control element on a burner or on several burners, the complex system of the plurality of burners in the common combustion chamber can be acoustically detuned in a simple and efficient manner in such a way that combustion vibrations occur with a small amplitude at most.

Bevorzugtermaßen ist die Brennkammer eine Ringbrennkammer einer Gasturbine. Bei einer Gasturbine, insbesondere bei einer stationären Gasturbine, kommt es zu einer sehr großen Leistungsfreisetzung bei der Verbrennung. VerbrennungsSchwingungen können hier nicht nur akustisch störend, sondern sogar mechanisch schädigend wirken. Eine Unterdrückung von Verbrennungsschwingungen ist hier somit von besonderer Bedeutung.The combustion chamber is preferably an annular combustion chamber of a gas turbine. A gas turbine, particularly a stationary gas turbine, releases a very large amount of power during combustion. Combustion vibrations can not only be acoustically disturbing, but also mechanically damaging. Suppression of combustion vibrations is therefore of particular importance here.

Bevorzugt weist die Mündung einen Mündungsdurchmesser und das Strömungsleitelement entlang der Elementachse eine längste Erstreckung auf, wobei die längste Erstreckung zwischen einem Sechstel und der Hälfte des Mündungsdurchmessers lang ist. Vorzugsweise liegt der Wert der längsten Erstreckung zwischen einem und zehn Zentimeter.The mouth preferably has a mouth diameter and the flow guiding element has a longest extension along the element axis, the longest extension being between one sixth and half of the mouth diameter. The value of the longest extension is preferably between one and ten centimeters.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung teilweise schematisch und beispielhaft näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is partly explained schematically and in more detail by way of example with reference to the drawing. Show it:

Figur 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine ausschnittsweise dargestellte Brenneranordnung, Figur 2 einen Längsschnitt durch eine ausschnittsweise dargestellte Brenneranordnung mit einem gegenüber Figur 1 geänderten Strömungsleitelement.FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a burner arrangement shown in sections, FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a detail of a burner arrangement with a flow guide element that has been modified compared to FIG.

Figur 3 eine Ringbrennkammer einer Gasturbine.Figure 3 shows an annular combustion chamber of a gas turbine.

Gleiche Bezugszeichen haben in den verschiedenen Figuren die gleiche Bedeutung.The same reference symbols have the same meaning in the different figures.

Figur 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch eine ausschnittsweise dargestellte Brenneranordnung 1. An einer Brennkam erwand 9 einer nicht näher dargestellten Brennkammer 11 ist ein Brenner 3 angeordnet. Der Brenner 3 ist ein Hybridbrenner, d. h. er kann als ein Diffusionsbrenner oder als ein Vormischbren- ner betrieben werden. Der Brenner 3 weist als eine Vormisch- stufe einen Ringkanal 5 auf. Der Ringkanal 5 umgibt konzentrisch einen Pilotbrenner 7. Im Ringkanal 5 wird ein Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch 14a geführt. Dieses vereinigt sich mit einem Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch 14b aus dem Pilotbrenner 7 zu ei- nem Brenngasstrom 14. Der Brenngasstrom 14 tritt aus einer Mündung 13 entlang einer Mündungsrichtung 15 aus dem Brenner 3 aus. Die Mündung 13 ist von einem hohlzylinderförmigen Strömungsleitelement 17 umgeben. Das Strömungsleitelement 17 endet an einer gedachten Deckfläche 16. Das Strömungsleitele- ruent 17 ist entlang einer Strömungsleitelementachse 17b ge¬ richtet. Die Deckfläche 16 ist dabei nicht senkrecht zur Strömungsleitelementachse 17b orientiert. Das Strömungsleitelement 17 endet also an einer schräg gestellten Deckfläche 16. Das Strömungsleitelement 17 weist dadurch eine Langseite 17c und eine Kurzseite 17d auf. Der Brenngasstrom 14 wird an der Langseite 17c über eine etwas größere Strecke geführt als an der Kurzseite 17d. Dadurch öffnet sich der Brenngasstrom 14 in Richtung auf die Kurzseite 17d. Dies hat eine Verlagerung des Verbrennungsgebietes senkrecht zur Mündungsrichtung 15 zur Folge. Durch das die Mündung 13 umgebende Strömungsleitelement 17 ergibt sich auch eine solche Verlagerung des Verbrennungsgebietes entlang der Mündungsrichtung 15. Außer- dem wird durch das Stromungsleitelement 17 die Form des Verbrennungsgebietes beeinflußt. Die Verlagerung des Verbrennungsgebietes und der Einfluß auf die Form des Verbrennungsgebietes haben zur Folge, daß das akustische System aus Bren- ner 3 und Brennkammer 11 akustisch verstimmt wird. Dadurch wird eine Verbrennungsschwingung vermieden oder zumindest ab- σeschwacht .FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a burner arrangement 1 shown in sections. A burner 3 is arranged on a combustion chamber 9 of a combustion chamber 11 (not shown). The burner 3 is a hybrid burner, ie it can be operated as a diffusion burner or as a premix burner. The burner 3 has an annular channel 5 as a premixing stage. The ring channel 5 concentrically surrounds a pilot burner 7. A fuel-air mixture 14a is guided in the ring channel 5. This combines with a fuel-air mixture 14b from the pilot burner 7 to form a fuel gas stream 14. The fuel gas stream 14 exits the burner 3 from an outlet 13 along an outlet direction 15. The mouth 13 is surrounded by a hollow cylindrical flow guide element 17. The flow 17 terminates at an imaginary top surface 16. The Strömungsleitele- ruent 17 is directed along a Strömungsleitelementachse 17b ge ¬. The top surface 16 is not oriented perpendicular to the flow guide element axis 17b. The flow guide element 17 thus ends at an inclined top surface 16. The flow guide element 17 thus has a long side 17c and a short side 17d. The fuel gas stream 14 is guided on the long side 17c over a somewhat larger distance than on the short side 17d. As a result, the fuel gas stream 14 opens in the direction of the short side 17d. This results in a displacement of the combustion area perpendicular to the mouth direction 15. The flow guide element 17 surrounding the mouth 13 also results in such a displacement of the combustion area along the mouth direction 15. the shape of the combustion area is influenced by the flow control element 17. The displacement of the combustion area and the influence on the shape of the combustion area have the consequence that the acoustic system consisting of burner 3 and combustion chamber 11 is acoustically detuned. In this way, combustion oscillation is avoided or at least weakened.

Das Stromungsleitelement 17 endet an einer Abrißkante 18. An dieser Abrißkante 18 reißen Wirbel 20 aus dem Brenngasstrom 14 ab. Hierdurch wird ein Ruckstromgebiet für Brenngas erzeugt. Durch ein solches Ruckstromgebiet kommt es zu einer Stabilisierung der Verbrennung und zu einer geringeren Stickoxidbildung durch eine Vergleichmaßigung der Verbren- nung.The flow guide element 17 ends at a tear-off edge 18. At this tear-off edge 18, vortices 20 tear off from the fuel gas stream 14. This creates a backflow area for fuel gas. Such a reverse flow area stabilizes the combustion and reduces nitrogen oxide formation by making the combustion more uniform.

Figur 2 zeigt eine Brenneranordnung 1 im Längsschnitt entsprechend der Brenneranordnung 1 aus Figur 1. Im Unterschied zu Figur 1 ist das Stromungsleitelement 17 als Hohlkegel- stumpf ausgeführt. Das Stromungsleitelement 17 erweitert sich also in Richtung des Brenngasstroms 14. Durch dieses Stromungsleitelement 17 wird wiederum der Ort der Verbrennung des Brenngasstroms 14 verlagert. Auch die Form der Verbrennung wird durch das Stromungsleitelement 17 beeinflußt. Es wird auch hier erreicht, daß das akustische System aus Brenner 3 und Brennkammer 11 akustisch verstimmt wird. Dies hat, wie oben ausgeführt, eine Unterdrückung von Verbrennungsschwingungen zur Folge.FIG. 2 shows a burner arrangement 1 in longitudinal section corresponding to the burner arrangement 1 from FIG. 1. In contrast to FIG. 1, the flow guide element 17 is designed as a truncated cone. The flow control element 17 thus widens in the direction of the fuel gas stream 14. The flow control element 17 in turn displaces the location of the combustion of the fuel gas stream 14. The shape of the combustion is also influenced by the flow control element 17. It is also achieved here that the acoustic system of burner 3 and combustion chamber 11 is acoustically detuned. As explained above, this results in suppression of combustion vibrations.

In Figur 3 ist perspektivisch und teilweise aufgebrochen eine Ringbrennkammer für eine Gasturbine dargestellt. Die Brennkammer 11 liegt rotationssymmetrisch um eine Brennkammerachse 25 und weist eine äußere Wand 21 und eine innere Wand 23 auf. Die äußere Wand 21 und die innere Wand 23 umschließen einen ringförmigen Brennraum 24. Die Innenflache der Außenwand 21 und die Außenflache der Innenwand 23 sind mit einer feuerfesten Innenausklei ung 27 versehen. Entlang einer Urufangs ich- tung sind in der Brennkammer 11 eine Vielzahl von Brennern 3 angeordnet. An einigen der Brenner 3 sind Strömungsleitelement 17 angeordnet. Durch geeignete Orientierung und Anordnung der Strömungsleitelement 17 wird das System aus Brennern 3 und Brennkammer 11 akustisch so verstimmt, daß sich eine Unterdrückung von VerbrennungsSchwingungen ergibt. Dies ist insbesondere bei der hohen geometrischen Komplexität einer Ringbrennkammer mit einer Vielzahl von Breniiorn erforderlich, da die akustischen Eigenschaften einer solchen Ringbrennkam- mer 11 praktisch nicht vorhersagbar sind. An annular combustion chamber for a gas turbine is shown in perspective and partially broken away in FIG. The combustion chamber 11 is rotationally symmetrical about a combustion chamber axis 25 and has an outer wall 21 and an inner wall 23. The outer wall 21 and the inner wall 23 enclose an annular combustion chamber 24. The inner surface of the outer wall 21 and the outer surface of the inner wall 23 are provided with a refractory inner lining 27. Along an Urufangs I- device, a plurality of burners 3 are arranged in the combustion chamber 11. Flow guide elements 17 are arranged on some of the burners 3. By suitable orientation and arrangement of the flow guide element 17, the system of burners 3 and combustion chamber 11 is acoustically detuned so that combustion oscillations are suppressed. This is necessary in particular given the high geometric complexity of an annular combustion chamber with a large number of burners, since the acoustic properties of such an annular combustion chamber 11 are practically unpredictable.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Brenneranordnung (1) umfassend einen Brenner (3) , welcher an einer Mundung (13) m eine Brennkammer (11) mundet, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Mundung (13) zuuiindest teilweise durch ein m die Brennkammer (11) ragendes Stromungsleitelement (17) zur Fuhrung eines aus dem Brenner (3) in die Brennkammer (11) austretenden Brenngas- Stromes (14) gebildet ist.1. burner arrangement (1) comprising a burner (3) which m at a mouth (13) m a combustion chamber (11), characterized in that the mouth (13) at least partially through a m the combustion chamber (11) projecting flow control element (17th ) for guiding a fuel gas stream (14) emerging from the burner (3) into the combustion chamber (11). 2. Brenneranordnung (1) nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das Stromungsleitelement (17) entlang einer Elementachse (17B) ge- richtet und ein die Mundung (13) umgebender Hohlzylinder oder Hohlkegelstumpf ist.2. Burner arrangement (1) according to claim 1, so that the flow guiding element (17) is oriented along an element axis (17B) and is a hollow cylinder or hollow truncated cone surrounding the mouth (13). 3. Brenneranordnung (1) nach Anspruch 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der Hohlzy- linder (17) oder der Hohlkegelstumpf (17) an einer gegenüber der Elementachse (17B) abgeschrägten Deckflache (16) endet.3. Burner arrangement (1) according to claim 2, so that the hollow cylinder (17) or the hollow truncated cone (17) ends at a bevelled surface (16) relative to the element axis (17B). 4. Brenneranordnung (1) nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das Stro- mungsleitelement (17) ein teilweise um die Mundung (13), insbesondere etwa um die Hälfte der Mundung (13) , herumgezogenes Wandelement ist.4. Burner arrangement (1) according to claim 1, so that the flow guide element (17) is a wall element which is partially drawn around the mouth (13), in particular about half of the mouth (13). 5. Brenneranordnung (1) nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das Stromungsleitelement (17) ein Blech aus einem hochwarmfesten Metall, insbesondere aus einem Stahl, ist.5. burner arrangement (1) according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the flow control element (17) is a sheet made of a heat-resistant metal, in particular of a steel. 6. Brenneranordnung 1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Anspru- ehe mit einer Vielzahl von Brennern (3) in einer gemeinsamen6. Burner arrangement 1) according to one of the preceding claims with a plurality of burners (3) in a common one Brennkammer (11). Combustion chamber (11). 7. Brenneranordnung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche wobei die Brennkammer (11) eine Ringbrennkammer einer Gasturbine ist.7. Burner arrangement (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the combustion chamber (11) is an annular combustion chamber of a gas turbine. 8. Brenneranordnung (1), bei der die Mündung (13) einen Mündungsdurchmesser (d) und das Stromungsleitelement (17) entlang der Elementachse (17B) eine längste Erstreck r-7 (1) aufweist, wobei die längste Erstreckung (1) zwischen eine.-:! Sechstel und der Hälfte des Mündungsdurchmessers (d) lang ist. 8. burner arrangement (1), in which the mouth (13) has a mouth diameter (d) and the flow guide element (17) along the element axis (17B) has a longest extension r-7 (1), the longest extension (1) between a.-:! Is sixth and a half of the mouth diameter (d) long.
EP99952393A 1998-08-31 1999-08-13 Burner assembly Expired - Lifetime EP1125087B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19839639 1998-08-31
DE19839639 1998-08-31
PCT/DE1999/002541 WO2000012939A1 (en) 1998-08-31 1999-08-13 Burner assembly

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EP1125087A1 true EP1125087A1 (en) 2001-08-22
EP1125087B1 EP1125087B1 (en) 2005-05-18

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WO2000012939A1 (en) 2000-03-09
US20010025491A1 (en) 2001-10-04
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US6536204B2 (en) 2003-03-25
DE59912076D1 (en) 2005-06-23
JP2002523722A (en) 2002-07-30

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