[go: up one dir, main page]

EP1117017A1 - Means for generating a signal having a frequency that is highly independent from temperature - Google Patents

Means for generating a signal having a frequency that is highly independent from temperature Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1117017A1
EP1117017A1 EP00100427A EP00100427A EP1117017A1 EP 1117017 A1 EP1117017 A1 EP 1117017A1 EP 00100427 A EP00100427 A EP 00100427A EP 00100427 A EP00100427 A EP 00100427A EP 1117017 A1 EP1117017 A1 EP 1117017A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frequency
signal
temperature
equal
ratio
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00100427A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1117017B1 (en
Inventor
Silvio Dalla Piazza
Pierre-André Farine
Roger Bühler
Pascal Heck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Original Assignee
Ebauchesfabrik ETA AG
Eta SA Fabriques dEbauches
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DE60042916T priority Critical patent/DE60042916D1/en
Application filed by Ebauchesfabrik ETA AG, Eta SA Fabriques dEbauches filed Critical Ebauchesfabrik ETA AG
Priority to EP00100427A priority patent/EP1117017B1/en
Priority to AT00100427T priority patent/ATE442614T1/en
Priority to CNB008183171A priority patent/CN1201211C/en
Priority to CA002396934A priority patent/CA2396934A1/en
Priority to JP2001552156A priority patent/JP4939714B2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2000/012434 priority patent/WO2001052001A2/en
Priority to HK03108942.9A priority patent/HK1056616B/en
Priority to US10/169,160 priority patent/US6724266B2/en
Priority to KR1020027008807A priority patent/KR100700431B1/en
Publication of EP1117017A1 publication Critical patent/EP1117017A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1117017B1 publication Critical patent/EP1117017B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G3/00—Producing timing pulses
    • G04G3/02—Circuits for deriving low frequency timing pulses from pulses of higher frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
    • G04G3/00—Producing timing pulses
    • G04G3/02—Circuits for deriving low frequency timing pulses from pulses of higher frequency
    • G04G3/027—Circuits for deriving low frequency timing pulses from pulses of higher frequency by combining pulse-trains of different frequencies, e.g. obtained from two independent oscillators or from a common oscillator by means of different frequency dividing ratios

Definitions

  • the two devices described in these documents include a circuit generator that responds to the signal provided by the mixing circuit to produce correction pulses whose frequency depends on that of this signal mixture, and therefore temperature.
  • the output signal from these two devices is obtained by adding these correction pulses to the signal supplied, after division of its frequency, by one of the two oscillator circuits.
  • the devices described in the documents mentioned above do not therefore cannot be used in cases where it is necessary to have of a signal having not only a frequency independent of the temperature but also a frequency spectrum comprising only one reduced number of lines with fixed positions, also independent of temperature.
  • a signal exhibiting these properties is for example necessary when it is necessary to synchronize, in a telecommunication device, a high frequency signal picked up by an antenna with a low signal frequency produced in this device.
  • oscillators comprising a resonator in so-called AT cut quartz produce signals whose frequency is very stable as a function of temperature. But, by nature, this frequency is quite high. If you want to make a device providing a signal having a relatively low frequency from such an oscillator, so it's necessary to associate with the latter a frequency divider circuit, which complicates and adds to this cost. In addition, the electrical energy consumed by such a frequency divider circuit is quite significant because of the high frequency of the signal it receives, which can be serious disadvantage when this electrical energy must be supplied by a source small dimensions such as the battery of an electronic wristwatch.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to propose a device for same kind as those described in the above mentioned patents but which does not have their drawbacks also mentioned above, i.e. a device producing an output signal having a frequency at least substantially independent of the temperature but also having a frequency spectrum comprising only a reduced number of lines, the position of these lines also being also substantially independent of the temperature.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a device providing a signal having a frequency which exhibits variation in temperature function as low as the signal frequency supplied by an oscillator comprising an AT cut resonator but which can be much lower than the latter.
  • the frequency of the signal supplied by a device according to the present invention is at least substantially independent of temperature and does not show any sudden jump when this temperature varies.
  • the frequency spectrum of this signal therefore presents only a small number of lines, and the position of these lines is also substantially independent of the temperature.
  • the frequency of the signal provided by a device according to the present invention can be much more lower than that of the signal supplied by an oscillator including a resonator in AT cut quartz. It is therefore possible, in many cases, to use directly the signal supplied by a device according to the present invention, without having to lower its frequency using a frequency divider circuit, which decreases the cost price and the electrical energy consumption of this device. In addition, if a frequency divider circuit is nonetheless associated to a device according to the present invention, its energy consumption electric will be weak since the frequency of the signal provided by this device is low.
  • the device according to the present invention which is designated as a whole by the reference 1, is intended to provide, to a output terminal designated by the reference O, a periodic signal S1 having a frequency F1 which they will be shown later it is at least noticeably independent of temperature.
  • the device 1 comprises a first and a second circuit generator, respectively designated by references 2 and 3, as well as a mixer circuit designated by reference 4.
  • the generators 2 and 3 are arranged so as to provide at their output a signal S2 having a frequency F2 and, respectively, a signal S3 having a frequency F3.
  • generators 2 and 3 each have a circuit oscillator conventionally formed by an amplifier, not shown separately, coupled to a piezoelectric resonator whose characteristics will be specified later.
  • signals S2 and / or S3 can be supplied directly by the oscillator forming part of the respective generator 2 or 3, or be supplied by frequency dividing circuits receiving the signal produced by the respective oscillator and supplying these signals S2 or S3.
  • the resonator which is part of generator 2 and whose characteristics therefore determine the frequency F2 of signal S2 has been represented with reference 5
  • the resonator which is part of the generator 3 and whose characteristics therefore determine the frequency F3 of the signal S3 has been represented with the reference 6.
  • the resonator 5 and the resonator 6 all have two in the form of a quartz tuning fork, but the resonator 5 is arranged so that its branches vibrate in a bending mode, while the resonator 6 is arranged so that its branches vibrate in a mode of torsion.
  • the resonators 5 and 6 are arranged so that the frequency F2 of the signal S2 is lower than the frequency F3 of the signal S3, and that these frequencies F2 and F3 are in a ratio determined whose value will be specified below, as well as others characteristics of these resonators 5 and 6.
  • the mixer circuit 4 which also includes the device 1 is also a circuit that the skilled person will have no trouble performing either in the various ways he knows well. This mixing circuit 4 will therefore not also not described in detail here.
  • the mixer circuit 4 comprises two inputs one of which is connected to the output of generator 2 and therefore receives the signal S2 and the other of which is connected to the output of generator 3 and therefore receives the signal S3.
  • the mixer circuit 4 is arranged to so that the frequency F4 of the signal S4 which it supplies at its output is equal to the difference of the frequencies F3 and F2 of the signals S3 and, respectively, S2.
  • the output of mixer circuit 4 is directly connected to output 0 of the device 1, so that the signal S1 is constituted by the signal S4 and that, well understood, the frequency F1 is identical to the frequency F4.
  • This frequency F1 of the signal S1 is therefore, in this case, equal to the difference of the frequencies F3 and F2.
  • the mixer circuit 4 may include a filter intended to prevent the appearance, in the signal S1, of parasitic components having frequencies different from the frequency F1.
  • the two coefficients ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 , the two coefficients ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 , as well as the two coefficients ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are generally called, respectively, linear, quadratic and cubic coefficients.
  • T 01 and T 02 are those which are generally called inversion temperatures of the resonators 5 and, respectively, 6.
  • the characteristics of the resonators 5 and 6 are in particular determined so that, on the one hand, the frequency F2 (T) is always lower than the frequency F3 (T) and, on the other hand part, that the quadratic coefficient ⁇ 1 is greater than the quadratic coefficient ⁇ 2 .
  • the frequency F1 of the signal S1 is also.
  • equation (11) above represents the variation of the frequency F1 of the signal S1 as a function of the temperature T only when the conditions mentioned above are strictly fulfilled, that is to say when the inversion temperatures T 01 and T 02 are equal, and the ratio of the quadratic coefficients ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 is equal to the inverse of the ratio of the frequencies F2 r and F3 r .
  • the applicant produced devices according to the present invention using resonators such that the inversion temperatures of the signals S2 and S3 differed by 10 ° C and that the ratio of the coefficients ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 was not equal to the inverse ratio of the frequencies F2 r and F3 r to within +/- 10%.
  • the frequency F1 of the signal S1 follows a substantially cubic curve when the temperature T varies.
  • the frequency of the signal supplied by a device according to the present invention can be relatively low since it is equal to the difference in frequencies of two other signals, the signals S2 and S3 in the example described above. It is therefore often not necessary to associate a frequency divider circuit with this device, which eliminates the disadvantages associated with the presence of such a circuit. And even if a divider circuit frequency must, for one reason or another, be associated with a device according to the present invention, its consumption of electrical energy is much weaker than in the case of an oscillator with a AT type resonator since the frequency of the signal it receives is much lower than in the latter case.
  • the device according to the present invention has substantially the same signal frequency stability advantage that it provides as a function of temperature that an oscillator comprising a AT cut resonator, without having the disadvantages of the latter.
  • one will preferably choose quadratic coefficients ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 and frequency values F2 r and F3 r in an integer ratio making it possible to eliminate the parasitic components of the output signal and to obtain a high spectral purity.
  • This result is for example advantageously obtained by the use of a quartz tuning fork vibrating in bending to produce the signal S2 and whose quadratic coefficient ⁇ 1 is by experience substantially -0.038 ppm / ° C, and by the use of a quartz tuning fork vibrating in torsion to produce the signal S3 and whose quadratic coefficient ⁇ 2 is from experience substantially -0.0126 ppm / ° C.
  • the ratio ⁇ 1 / ⁇ 2 is substantially equal to 3.
  • frequency values F2 r and F3 r are also chosen in an equivalent ratio, ie for example equal to 131,072 kHz and 393,216 kHz respectively.
  • the frequency of the signal 54 thus obtained at the output of the mixer circuit 4 of FIG. 1 is in such a case substantially equal to 262,144 kHz, that is to say advantageously eight times the frequency of 32,768 kHz which is typically desired in horological applications.
  • a divider by eight circuit can thus advantageously be connected to the output of the mixer circuit 4 in order to derive a signal at the frequency of 32,768 kHz.
  • Such a divider circuit is for example shown, in broken lines, in FIG. 1 in which it is designated by the reference 7.
  • the device according to the present invention can not only be arranged with so that the signal it produces is formed by pulses, but also by so that this signal is sinusoidal.
  • the resonators such as the resonators 5 and / or 6 of the device of figure 1 can have a shape different from the shape of tuning fork that they have in this device, for example the form of bars, or be made of a piezoelectric material other than quartz. These resonators can also be arranged to vibrate in another mode, for example an elongation mode. It is however obvious that which whatever their shape, their material, and / or their mode of vibration, these resonators should be such that the variation with temperature the frequency of the signals produced by the generators of which they are a part or at least substantially parabolic.
  • a device may include, as already mentioned, a circuit frequency divider 7 disposed between the output of the mixer circuit, the circuit 4 of the example described above, and the output of the device, the output O in the same example.
  • the signals S1 and S4 are obviously no longer identical.
  • the various components of the device in particular the circuits generating the signals S2 and S3, must be arranged in such a way that the frequency F4 of the signal S4 is equal to the product of the frequency F1 of the signal S1 by the division factor of the divider of frequency 7, which is of course an integer greater than 1.
  • the frequency values F2 r and F3 r are chosen to be equal to 131,072 kHz and 393,216 kHz respectively.
  • the signal S4 constitutes signal S1 directly.
  • the frequency F4 of the signal S4 is therefore equal to the product of the frequency F1 by the number 1.
  • the various components of a device according to the present invention must be arranged so that the frequency of the signal S4 produced by the mixer circuit is equal to the product of the frequency of the device output signal S1 by a number integer equal to or greater than 1.
  • a device according to the present invention therefore always has the same advantages over known devices, whether or not it includes a frequency divider between its mixer circuit and its output.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)

Abstract

The generator (1) comprises two oscillators (2, 3) and a mixer (4) which produces a heterodyned output approximately independent of temperature. The generators are configured so that the ratio of the quadratic coefficients of their approximately parabolic temperature-frequency characteristics is roughly equal to the ratio of their frequencies at a reference temperature. Preferably the first oscillator comprises a quartz resonator operating in flexional vibration and the second oscillator in torsional vibration mode.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un dispositif pour produire un premier signal ayant une première fréquence, comportant :

  • des premiers moyens générateurs pour produire un deuxième signal ayant une deuxième fréquence qui varie au moins sensiblement paraboliquement en fonction de la température avec un premier coefficient quadratique, qui a une première valeur maximale à une première température d'inversion, et qui a une première valeur déterminée à une température de référence;
  • des deuxièmes moyens générateurs pour produire un troisième signal ayant une troisième fréquence qui varie également au moins sensiblement paraboliquement en fonction de la température avec un deuxième coefficient quadratique différent dudit premier coefficient parabolique, qui a une deuxième valeur maximale à une deuxième température d'inversion au moins sensiblement égale à ladite première température d'inversion, et qui a une deuxième valeur déterminée à ladite température de référence; et
  • des moyens de mélange pour produire un quatrième signal ayant une quatrième fréquence égale à la différence entre ladite deuxième et ladite troisième fréquence.
The subject of the present invention is a device for producing a first signal having a first frequency, comprising:
  • first generator means for producing a second signal having a second frequency which varies at least substantially parabolically as a function of temperature with a first quadratic coefficient, which has a first maximum value at a first inversion temperature, and which has a first value determined at a reference temperature;
  • second generator means for producing a third signal having a third frequency which also varies at least substantially parabolically as a function of temperature with a second quadratic coefficient different from said first parabolic coefficient, which has a second maximum value at a second inversion temperature at less substantially equal to said first inversion temperature, and which has a second value determined at said reference temperature; and
  • mixing means for producing a fourth signal having a fourth frequency equal to the difference between said second and said third frequency.

Un tel dispositif est décrit, par exemple, dans les brevets CH 626 500 et CH 631 315.Such a device is described, for example, in patents CH 626,500 and CH 631,315.

Les deux dispositifs décrits dans ces documents comportent un circuit générateur qui répond au signal fourni par le circuit de mélange pour produire des impulsions de correction dont la fréquence dépend de celle de ce signal de mélange, et donc de la température. Le signal de sortie de ces deux dispositifs est obtenu en ajoutant ces impulsions de correction au signal fourni, après division de sa fréquence, par l'un des deux circuits oscillateurs.The two devices described in these documents include a circuit generator that responds to the signal provided by the mixing circuit to produce correction pulses whose frequency depends on that of this signal mixture, and therefore temperature. The output signal from these two devices is obtained by adding these correction pulses to the signal supplied, after division of its frequency, by one of the two oscillator circuits.

Il résulte de cette disposition que la fréquence du signal de sortie fourni par ces dispositifs est bien sensiblement indépendante de la température lorsqu'elle est mesurée sur une période assez longue. Mais il résulte également de cette disposition que cette fréquence du signal de sortie présente des variations brusques à chaque apparition d'une impulsion de correction. En d'autres termes, le spectre de fréquences de ce signal de sortie présente un très grand nombre de raies de largeurs assez importantes, la position de ces raies variant en outre avec la température.It follows from this arrangement that the frequency of the output signal supplied by these devices is quite substantially independent of the temperature when measured over a fairly long period. But it also results of this arrangement that this frequency of the output signal presents sudden variations at each appearance of a correction pulse. In in other words, the frequency spectrum of this output signal has a very large number of lines of fairly large widths, the position of these rays further varying with temperature.

Les dispositifs décrits dans les documents mentionnés ci-dessus ne peuvent donc pas être utilisés dans les cas où il est nécessaire de disposer d'un signal ayant non seulement une fréquence indépendante de la température mais également un spectre de fréquences ne comportant qu'un nombre réduit de raies ayant des positions fixes, également indépendantes de la température. Un signal présentant ces propriétés est par exemple nécessaire lorsqu'il faut synchroniser, dans un appareil de télécommunication, un signal à haute fréquence capté par une antenne avec un signal à basse fréquence produit dans cet appareil.The devices described in the documents mentioned above do not therefore cannot be used in cases where it is necessary to have of a signal having not only a frequency independent of the temperature but also a frequency spectrum comprising only one reduced number of lines with fixed positions, also independent of temperature. A signal exhibiting these properties is for example necessary when it is necessary to synchronize, in a telecommunication device, a high frequency signal picked up by an antenna with a low signal frequency produced in this device.

Il est bien connu que des oscillateurs comportant un résonateur en quartz de coupe dite AT produisent des signaux dont la fréquence est très stable en fonction de la température. Mais, par nature, cette fréquence est assez élevée. Si l'on désire réaliser un dispositif fournissant un signal ayant une fréquence relativement basse à partir d'un tel oscillateur, il est donc nécessaire d'associer à ce dernier un circuit diviseur de fréquence, ce qui complique et renchérit ce dispositif. En outre, l'énergie électrique consommée par un tel circuit diviseur de fréquence est assez importante à cause de la fréquence élevée du signal qu'il reçoit, ce qui peut représenter un grave inconvénient lorsque cette énergie électrique doit être fournie par une source de faibles dimensions telle que la pile d'une montre-bracelet électronique.It is well known that oscillators comprising a resonator in so-called AT cut quartz produce signals whose frequency is very stable as a function of temperature. But, by nature, this frequency is quite high. If you want to make a device providing a signal having a relatively low frequency from such an oscillator, so it's necessary to associate with the latter a frequency divider circuit, which complicates and adds to this cost. In addition, the electrical energy consumed by such a frequency divider circuit is quite significant because of the high frequency of the signal it receives, which can be serious disadvantage when this electrical energy must be supplied by a source small dimensions such as the battery of an electronic wristwatch.

Un but de la présente invention est donc de proposer un dispositif du même genre que ceux qui sont décrits dans les brevets mentionnés ci-dessus mais qui ne présente pas leurs inconvénients également mentionnés ci-dessus, c'est-à-dire un dispositif produisant un signal de sortie ayant une fréquence au moins sensiblement indépendante de la température mais ayant de plus un spectre de fréquences ne comportant qu'un nombre réduit de raies, la position de ces raies étant en outre aussi sensiblement indépendante de la température.An object of the present invention is therefore to propose a device for same kind as those described in the above mentioned patents but which does not have their drawbacks also mentioned above, i.e. a device producing an output signal having a frequency at least substantially independent of the temperature but also having a frequency spectrum comprising only a reduced number of lines, the position of these lines also being also substantially independent of the temperature.

Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un dispositif fournissant un signal ayant une fréquence qui présente une variation en fonction de la température aussi faible que celle de la fréquence du signal fourni par un oscillateur comportant un résonateur de coupe AT mais qui peut être beaucoup plus basse que cette dernière.Another object of the present invention is to provide a device providing a signal having a frequency which exhibits variation in temperature function as low as the signal frequency supplied by an oscillator comprising an AT cut resonator but which can be much lower than the latter.

Ces buts sont atteints par le dispositif selon la présente invention dont les caractéristiques sont énumérées dans la revendication 1 ci-jointe. These objects are achieved by the device according to the present invention, of which the features are listed in claim 1 attached hereto.

Comme cela sera rendu évident plus loin, il découle de ces caractéristiques que la fréquence du signal fourni par un dispositif selon la présente invention est au moins sensiblement indépendante de la température et ne présente aucun saut brusque lorsque cette température varie. Le spectre des fréquences de ce signal ne présente donc qu'un petit nombre de raies, et la position de ces raies est aussi sensiblement indépendante de la température.As will be made clear later, it follows from these characteristics that the frequency of the signal supplied by a device according to the present invention is at least substantially independent of temperature and does not show any sudden jump when this temperature varies. The frequency spectrum of this signal therefore presents only a small number of lines, and the position of these lines is also substantially independent of the temperature.

De plus, il découle de ces caractéristiques que la fréquence du signal fourni par un dispositif selon la présente invention peut être beaucoup plus basse que celle du signal fourni par un oscillateur comprenant un résonateur en quartz de coupe AT. Il est donc possible, dans de nombreux cas, d'utiliser directement le signal fourni par un dispositif selon la présente invention, sans avoir à abaisser sa fréquence à l'aide d'un circuit diviseur de fréquence, ce qui diminue le prix de revient et la consommation d'énergie électrique de ce dispositif. En outre, si un circuit diviseur de fréquence est malgré tout associé à un dispositif selon la présente invention, sa consommation d'énergie électrique sera faible puisque la fréquence du signal fourni par ce dispositif est basse.In addition, it follows from these characteristics that the frequency of the signal provided by a device according to the present invention can be much more lower than that of the signal supplied by an oscillator including a resonator in AT cut quartz. It is therefore possible, in many cases, to use directly the signal supplied by a device according to the present invention, without having to lower its frequency using a frequency divider circuit, which decreases the cost price and the electrical energy consumption of this device. In addition, if a frequency divider circuit is nonetheless associated to a device according to the present invention, its energy consumption electric will be weak since the frequency of the signal provided by this device is low.

D'autres buts et avantages de la présente invention seront rendus évidents par la description qui va suivre et qui sera faite à l'aide du dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • la figure 1, unique, est un schéma d'une forme d'exécution du dispositif selon la présente invention et d'une variante de cette dernière.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be made evident by the description which follows and which will be made with the aid of the appended drawing in which:
  • Figure 1, unique, is a diagram of an embodiment of the device according to the present invention and a variant thereof.

Dans sa forme d'exécution représentée schématiquement et à titre d'exemple non limitatif à la figure 1, le dispositif selon la présente invention, qui est désigné dans son ensemble par la référence 1, est destiné à fournir, à une borne de sortie désignée par la référence O, un signal périodique S1 ayant une fréquence F1 dont ils sera montré plus loin qu'elle est au moins sensiblement indépendante de la température.In its embodiment shown schematically and as non-limiting example in Figure 1, the device according to the present invention, which is designated as a whole by the reference 1, is intended to provide, to a output terminal designated by the reference O, a periodic signal S1 having a frequency F1 which they will be shown later it is at least noticeably independent of temperature.

A cet effet, le dispositif 1 comporte un premier et un deuxième circuit générateur, respectivement désignés par les références 2 et 3, ainsi qu'un circuit mélangeur désigné par la référence 4.To this end, the device 1 comprises a first and a second circuit generator, respectively designated by references 2 and 3, as well as a mixer circuit designated by reference 4.

Après avoir lu la suite de cette description, l'homme du métier n'aura aucune peine à réaliser les générateurs 2 et 3 de l'une ou de l'autre des diverses manières qu'il connaít bien. Ces générateurs 2 et 3 ne seront donc pas décrits en détail ici. After reading the rest of this description, the skilled person will no trouble making generators 2 and 3 from either of the various ways that he knows well. These generators 2 and 3 will therefore not not described in detail here.

On mentionnera simplement que les générateurs 2 et 3 sont agencés de manière à fournir à leur sortie un signal S2 ayant une fréquence F2 et, respectivement, un signal S3 ayant une fréquence F3.It will simply be mentioned that the generators 2 and 3 are arranged so as to provide at their output a signal S2 having a frequency F2 and, respectively, a signal S3 having a frequency F3.

A cet effet, les générateurs 2 et 3 comportent chacun un circuit oscillateur formé, de manière classique, par un amplificateur, non représenté séparément, couplé à un résonateur piézo-électrique dont les caractéristiques seront précisées plus loin.To this end, generators 2 and 3 each have a circuit oscillator conventionally formed by an amplifier, not shown separately, coupled to a piezoelectric resonator whose characteristics will be specified later.

Selon les cas, les signaux S2 et/ou S3 peuvent être fournis directement par l'oscillateur faisant partie du générateur 2 ou 3 respectif, ou être fournis par des circuits diviseurs de fréquence recevant le signal produit par l'oscillateur respectif et fournissant ces signaux S2 ou S3.Depending on the case, signals S2 and / or S3 can be supplied directly by the oscillator forming part of the respective generator 2 or 3, or be supplied by frequency dividing circuits receiving the signal produced by the respective oscillator and supplying these signals S2 or S3.

Le résonateur qui fait partie du générateur 2 et dont les caractéristiques déterminent donc la fréquence F2 du signal S2 a été représenté avec la référence 5, et le résonateur qui fait partie du générateur 3 et dont les caractéristiques déterminent donc la fréquence F3 du signal S3 a été représenté avec la référence 6.The resonator which is part of generator 2 and whose characteristics therefore determine the frequency F2 of signal S2 has been represented with reference 5, and the resonator which is part of the generator 3 and whose characteristics therefore determine the frequency F3 of the signal S3 has been represented with the reference 6.

Dans le présent exemple, le résonateur 5 et le résonateur 6 ont tous deux la forme d'un diapason en quartz, mais le résonateur 5 est agencé de manière que ses branches vibrent dans un mode de flexion, alors que le résonateur 6 est agencé de manière que ses branches vibrent dans un mode de torsion.In the present example, the resonator 5 and the resonator 6 all have two in the form of a quartz tuning fork, but the resonator 5 is arranged so that its branches vibrate in a bending mode, while the resonator 6 is arranged so that its branches vibrate in a mode of torsion.

En outre, dans le présent exemple, les résonateurs 5 et 6 sont agencés de manière que la fréquence F2 du signal S2 soit inférieure à la fréquence F3 du signal S3, et que ces fréquences F2 et F3 soient dans un rapport déterminé dont la valeur sera précisée plus loin, de même que d'autres caractéristiques de ces résonateurs 5 et 6.Furthermore, in the present example, the resonators 5 and 6 are arranged so that the frequency F2 of the signal S2 is lower than the frequency F3 of the signal S3, and that these frequencies F2 and F3 are in a ratio determined whose value will be specified below, as well as others characteristics of these resonators 5 and 6.

Le circuit mélangeur 4 que comporte encore le dispositif 1 est aussi un circuit que l'homme du métier n'aura aucune peine à réaliser de l'une ou l'autre des diverses manières qu'il connaít bien. Ce circuit mélangeur 4 ne sera donc pas non plus décrit en détail ici.The mixer circuit 4 which also includes the device 1 is also a circuit that the skilled person will have no trouble performing either in the various ways he knows well. This mixing circuit 4 will therefore not also not described in detail here.

On mentionnera simplement que le circuit mélangeur 4 comporte deux entrées dont l'une est reliée à la sortie du générateur 2 et reçoit donc le signal S2 et dont l'autre est reliée à la sortie du générateur 3 et reçoit donc le signal S3.It will simply be mentioned that the mixer circuit 4 comprises two inputs one of which is connected to the output of generator 2 and therefore receives the signal S2 and the other of which is connected to the output of generator 3 and therefore receives the signal S3.

On mentionnera également que le circuit mélangeur 4 est agencé de manière que la fréquence F4 du signal S4 qu'il fournit à sa sortie soit égale à la différence des fréquences F3 et F2 des signaux S3 et, respectivement, S2. It will also be noted that the mixer circuit 4 is arranged to so that the frequency F4 of the signal S4 which it supplies at its output is equal to the difference of the frequencies F3 and F2 of the signals S3 and, respectively, S2.

Dans la forme d'exécution représentée en traits pleins à la figure 1, la sortie du circuit mélangeur 4 est reliée directement à la sortie 0 du dispositif 1, de sorte que le signal S1 est constitué par le signal S4 et que, bien entendu, la fréquence F1 est identique à la fréquence F4. Cette fréquence F1 du signal S1 est donc, dans ce cas, égale à la différence des fréquences F3 et F2.In the embodiment shown in solid lines in Figure 1, the output of mixer circuit 4 is directly connected to output 0 of the device 1, so that the signal S1 is constituted by the signal S4 and that, well understood, the frequency F1 is identical to the frequency F4. This frequency F1 of the signal S1 is therefore, in this case, equal to the difference of the frequencies F3 and F2.

L'homme du métier comprendra que, si nécessaire, le circuit mélangeur 4 peut comporter un filtre destiné à empêcher l'apparition, dans le signal S1, de composantes parasites ayant des fréquences différentes de la fréquence F1.Those skilled in the art will understand that, if necessary, the mixer circuit 4 may include a filter intended to prevent the appearance, in the signal S1, of parasitic components having frequencies different from the frequency F1.

L'homme du métier sait bien que la constitution des résonateurs 5 et 6 mentionnée ci-dessus a comme conséquence que la variation des fréquences F2 et F3 en fonction de la température, qui sera désignée par T, est donnée par deux équations, bien connues des spécialistes, ayant des formes semblables.Those skilled in the art are well aware that the constitution of resonators 5 and 6 mentioned above means that the variation in frequencies F2 and F3 as a function of the temperature, which will be designated by T, is given by two equations, well known to specialists, having forms alike.

Ainsi, la variation de la fréquence F2 en fonction de la température T est donnée par l'équation suivante : F2(T) = F2r (1 + α1(T-Tr) + β1(T-Tr)2 + γ1(T-Tr)3) dans laquelle :

  • Tr est une température de référence qui est souvent choisie égale à 25°C;
  • F2r est la fréquence du signal S2 à la température Tr; et
  • α1, β1, et γ1 sont des coefficients qui dépendent notamment des caractéristiques géométriques, mécaniques et électriques du résonateur 5 et de la valeur choisie pour la température de référence Tr.
Thus, the variation of the frequency F2 as a function of the temperature T is given by the following equation: F2 (T) = F2 r (1 + α 1 (TT r ) + β 1 (TT r ) 2 + γ 1 (TT r ) 3 ) in which :
  • T r is a reference temperature which is often chosen to be 25 ° C;
  • F2 r is the frequency of signal S2 at temperature T r ; and
  • α 1 , β 1 , and γ 1 are coefficients which depend in particular on the geometric, mechanical and electrical characteristics of the resonator 5 and on the value chosen for the reference temperature T r .

De même, la variation de la fréquence F3 en fonction de la température T est donnée par l'équation suivante : F3(T) = F3r (1 + α2(T-Tr) + β2(T-Tr)2 + γ2(T-Tr)3) dans laquelle :

  • Tr est la même température de référence que dans l'équation (1);
  • F3r est la fréquence du signal S3 à la température Tr; et
  • α2, β2, γ2 sont des facteurs qui dépendent notamment des caractéristiques géométriques, mécaniques et électriques du résonateur 6 et de la valeur choisie pour la température de référence Tr.
Similarly, the variation of the frequency F3 as a function of the temperature T is given by the following equation: F3 (T) = F3 r (1 + α 2 (TT r ) + β 2 (TT r ) 2 + γ 2 (TT r ) 3 ) in which :
  • T r is the same reference temperature as in equation (1);
  • F3 r is the frequency of signal S3 at temperature T r ; and
  • α 2 , β 2 , γ 2 are factors which depend in particular on the geometric, mechanical and electrical characteristics of the resonator 6 and on the value chosen for the reference temperature T r .

Les deux coefficients α1 et α2, les deux coefficients β1 et β2, ainsi que les deux coefficients γ1 et γ2 sont généralement appelés, respectivement, coefficients linéaires, quadratiques et cubiques.The two coefficients α 1 and α 2 , the two coefficients β 1 and β 2 , as well as the two coefficients γ 1 and γ 2 are generally called, respectively, linear, quadratic and cubic coefficients.

Pour simplifier les considérations qui vont suivre, on admettra dans un premier temps que les coefficients cubiques γ1 et γ2 ont des valeurs très faibles, ce qui est effectivement le cas, de sorte que les termes γ1(T-Tr)3 et γ2(T-Tr)3 qui apparaissent dans l'équation (1) et, respectivement, dans l'équation (2) ci-dessus peuvent être négligés.To simplify the considerations which follow, we will first admit that the cubic coefficients γ 1 and γ 2 have very low values, which is indeed the case, so that the terms γ 1 (TT r ) 3 and γ 2 (TT r ) 3 which appear in equation (1) and, respectively, in equation (2) above can be overlooked.

Dans ces conditions, les équations (1) et (2) deviennent respectivement : F2(T) = F2r (1 + α1(T-Tr) + β1(T-Tr)2) et F3(T) = F3r (1 + α2(T-Tr) + β2(T-Tr)2) Under these conditions, equations (1) and (2) become respectively: F2 (T) = F2 r (1 + α 1 (TT r ) + β 1 (TT r ) 2 ) and F3 (T) = F3 r (1 + α 2 (TT r ) + β 2 (TT r ) 2 )

Ces équations (3) et (4) montrent que, toujours dans les conditions ci-dessus, les fréquences F2 et F3 varient de manière parabolique en fonction de la température T. En outre, ces équations (3) et (4) montrent que les fréquences F2 et F3 ont des valeurs maximales F20 et, respectivement, F30 lorsque la température T a des valeurs T01 et, respectivement, T02 données par les équations suivantes : T01 = Tr - α1/2β1 et T02 = Tr - α2/2β2 These equations (3) and (4) show that, still under the above conditions, the frequencies F2 and F3 vary parabolically as a function of the temperature T. In addition, these equations (3) and (4) show that the frequencies F2 and F3 have maximum values F2 0 and, respectively, F3 0 when the temperature T has values T 01 and, respectively, T 02 given by the following equations: T 01 = T r - α 1 / 2β 1 and T 02 = T r - α 2 / 2β 2

Ces températures T01 et T02 sont celles qui sont généralement appelées températures d'inversion des résonateurs 5 et, respectivement, 6.These temperatures T 01 and T 02 are those which are generally called inversion temperatures of the resonators 5 and, respectively, 6.

Pour une raison qui sera rendue évidente plus loin, les caractéristiques des résonateurs 5 et 6 sont notamment déterminées de manière que, d'une part, la fréquence F2(T) soit toujours inférieure à la fréquence F3(T) et, d'autre part, que le coefficient quadratique β1 soit supérieur au coefficient quadratique β2. L'homme du métier verra que ces conditions, ainsi que d'autres conditions qui seront définies plus loin, peuvent être facilement remplies du fait que le résonateur 5 vibre dans un mode de flexion et que le résonateur 6 vibre dans un mode de torsion. For a reason which will be made clear later, the characteristics of the resonators 5 and 6 are in particular determined so that, on the one hand, the frequency F2 (T) is always lower than the frequency F3 (T) and, on the other hand part, that the quadratic coefficient β 1 is greater than the quadratic coefficient β 2 . Those skilled in the art will see that these conditions, as well as other conditions which will be defined below, can be easily fulfilled since the resonator 5 vibrates in a bending mode and the resonator 6 vibrates in a torsion mode.

On admettra également, pour une raison qui sera rendue évidente plus loin, que les caractéristiques des résonateurs 5 et 6 sont déterminées de manière que les températures d'inversion T01 et T02 soient égales. Les équations (5) et (6) montrent que, dans ces conditions, on a notamment : α2 = α1 β2/β1 It will also be assumed, for a reason which will be made clear later, that the characteristics of the resonators 5 and 6 are determined so that the inversion temperatures T 01 and T 02 are equal. Equations (5) and (6) show that, under these conditions, we have in particular: α 2 = α 1 β 2 / β 1

On admettra encore, toujours pour une raison qui sera rendue évidente plus loin, que les caractéristiques de résonateurs 5 et 6 sont également déterminées de manière que le rapport des coefficients quadratiques β1 et β2 soit égal à l'inverse du rapport des valeurs F2r et F3r que les fréquences F2(T) et F3(T) ont à la température de référence Tr ou, en d'autres termes, que l'on ait : β1/β2 = F3r/F2r ou encore : F2r = F3r β2/β1 It will also be admitted, again for a reason which will be made clear later, that the characteristics of resonators 5 and 6 are also determined so that the ratio of the quadratic coefficients β 1 and β 2 is equal to the inverse of the ratio of the values F2 r and F3 r that the frequencies F2 (T) and F3 (T) have at the reference temperature T r or, in other words, that we have: β 1 / β 2 = F3 r / F2 r or : F2 r = F3 r β 2 / β 1

Comme on l'a vu ci-dessus, la fréquence F1 du signal S1 fourni par le circuit mélangeur 4 est égale à la différence des fréquences F3 et F2 des signaux S3 et, respectivement, S2. Selon les équations (3) et (4), on a donc : F1(T) = (F3r-F2r) + (F3r α2 - F2r α1)(T-Tr) + (F3r β2 - F2r β1)(T-Tr)2 As seen above, the frequency F1 of the signal S1 supplied by the mixer circuit 4 is equal to the difference of the frequencies F3 and F2 of the signals S3 and, respectively, S2. According to equations (3) and (4), we therefore have: F1 (T) = (F3 r -F2 r ) + (F3 r α 2 - F2 r α 1 ) (TT r ) + (F3 r β 2 - F2 r β 1 ) (TT r ) 2

En remplaçant α2 et F2r, dans les deuxième et troisième termes de l'équation (9), par leurs valeurs respectives données par les équations (7) et (8), on obtient : F1(T) = (F3r-F2r) + (F3rα1 β2/β1 - F3r α1 β2/β1)(T-Tr) + (F3r β2 - F3r β1 β2/β1)(T-Tr)2 By replacing α 2 and F2 r , in the second and third terms of equation (9), by their respective values given by equations (7) and (8), we obtain: F1 (T) = (F3 r -F2 r ) + (F3 r α 1 β 2 / β 1 - F3 r α 1 β 2 / β 1 ) (TT r ) + (F3 r β 2 - F3 r β 1 β 2 / β 1 ) (TT r ) 2

On voit que, dans les conditions définies ci-dessus, les facteurs qui multiplient respectivement les termes (T-Tr) et (T-Tr)2 de l'équation (9) sont nuls. Il en découle que cette équation (9) se réduit à : F1 (T) = F3r-F2r We see that, under the conditions defined above, the factors which respectively multiply the terms (TT r ) and (TT r ) 2 of equation (9) are zero. It follows that this equation (9) is reduced to: F1 (T) = F3 r -F2 r

Comme les fréquences F2r et F3r sont indépendantes de la température T, la fréquence F1 du signal S1 l'est aussi.As the frequencies F2 r and F3 r are independent of the temperature T, the frequency F1 of the signal S1 is also.

Les considérations qui viennent d'être faites sont évidemment aussi valables si l'on tient compte, malgré leur faible valeur, des termes γ1(T-Tr)3 et γ2(T-Tr)3 qui font respectivement partie des équations (1) et (2) ci-dessus. L'homme du métier verra facilement que, dans un tel cas, la variation de la fréquence F1 du signal S1 en fonction de la température T est donnée par l'équation suivante : F1(T) = (F3r-F2r) + (F3r γ2 - F2r γ1)(T-Tr)3 Cette équation (11) est celle d'une courbe cubique ayant un point d'inflexion situé à la température Tr.The considerations which have just been made are obviously also valid if one takes into account, despite their low value, the terms γ 1 (TT r ) 3 and γ 2 (TT r ) 3 which are respectively part of equations (1) and (2) above. Those skilled in the art will easily see that, in such a case, the variation of the frequency F1 of the signal S1 as a function of the temperature T is given by the following equation: F1 (T) = (F3 r -F2 r ) + (F3 r γ 2 - F2 r γ 1 ) (TT r ) 3 This equation (11) is that of a cubic curve having an inflection point located at the temperature T r .

L'homme du métier verra facilement que le dernier terme de l'équation (11) a des valeurs extrêmement faibles, de sorte que la fréquence F1 du signal S1 est, malgré l'influence de ce terme, pratiquement indépendante de la température T.Those skilled in the art will readily see that the last term in the equation (11) has extremely low values, so that the frequency F1 of the signal S1 is, despite the influence of this term, practically independent of the temperature T.

Il est cependant évident que l'équation (11) ci-dessus ne représente la variation de la fréquence F1 du signal S1 en fonction de la température T que lorsque les conditions mentionnées ci-dessus sont strictement remplies, c'est-à-dire lorsque les températures d'inversion T01 et T02 sont égales, et que le rapport des coefficients quadratiques β1 et β2 est égal à l'inverse du rapport des fréquences F2r et F3r.It is however obvious that equation (11) above represents the variation of the frequency F1 of the signal S1 as a function of the temperature T only when the conditions mentioned above are strictly fulfilled, that is to say when the inversion temperatures T 01 and T 02 are equal, and the ratio of the quadratic coefficients β 1 and β 2 is equal to the inverse of the ratio of the frequencies F2 r and F3 r .

L'homme du métier sait bien que ces conditions ne peuvent généralement pas être remplies facilement lorsque les résonateurs 5 et 6 sont fabriqués en grandes séries. Pour remplir ces conditions, il est évidemment possible de prendre des mesures spéciales lors de la fabrication de ces résonateurs telles que leur tri en fonction de leurs caractéristiques et leur appariement. Mais de telles mesures augmentent évidemment le prix de revient de ces résonateurs, et donc celui du dispositif qui les emploie.Those skilled in the art are well aware that these conditions cannot generally not be easily filled when resonators 5 and 6 are produced in large series. To fulfill these conditions, it is obviously possible to take special measures during manufacturing of these resonators such as their sorting according to their characteristics and their matching. But such measures obviously increase the price of comes from these resonators, and therefore from the device that uses them.

La déposante a cependant déterminé analytiquement et vérifié par des essais que même si un dispositif tel que le dispositif 1 est fabriqué en utilisant des résonateurs non appariés, tels qu'il sortent de leurs chaínes de fabrication respectives, la variation de la fréquence F1 du signal S1 produit par ce dispositif en fonction de la température T est toujours nettement inférieure à celle du signal fourni par un oscillateur classique comportant un résonateur vibrant dans un mode de flexion ou de torsion. The applicant however determined analytically and verified by tests that even if a device such as device 1 is manufactured using unpaired resonators, as they come out of their chains respective manufacturing, the variation of the frequency F1 of the signal S1 produced by this device as a function of the temperature T is always clearly lower than that of the signal supplied by a conventional oscillator comprising a vibrating resonator in a flexion or torsion mode.

Ainsi, par exemple, la déposante a réalisé des dispositifs selon la présente invention en utilisant des résonateurs tels que les températures d'inversion des signaux S2 et S3 différaient de 10°C et que le rapport des coefficients β1 et β2 n'était égal au rapport inverse des fréquences F2r et F3r qu'à +/- 10 % près.Thus, for example, the applicant produced devices according to the present invention using resonators such that the inversion temperatures of the signals S2 and S3 differed by 10 ° C and that the ratio of the coefficients β 1 and β 2 was not equal to the inverse ratio of the frequencies F2 r and F3 r to within +/- 10%.

La déposante a constaté que, même dans ces conditions extrêmes, la variation de la fréquence F1 dans un domaine de températures allant de - 40°C à +85°C est toujours inférieure à +/- 10 ppm.The applicant has found that, even under these extreme conditions, the variation of the frequency F1 in a temperature range from - 40 ° C to + 85 ° C is always less than +/- 10 ppm.

A titre de comparaison, on sait que la fréquence d'un signal fourni par un oscillateur classique varie, dans le même domaine de température, entre 0 et -160 ppm environ lorsque le résonateur de cet oscillateur vibre dans un mode de flexion, et entre 0 et -56 ppm environ lorsque ce résonateur vibre dans un mode de torsion.By way of comparison, we know that the frequency of a signal supplied by a conventional oscillator varies, in the same temperature range, between 0 and -160 ppm approximately when the resonator of this oscillator vibrates in a bending mode, and between 0 and -56 ppm approximately when this resonator vibrates in a twist mode.

Il faut noter que, de toutes façons, la fréquence F1 du signal S1 suit une courbe sensiblement cubique lorsque la température T varie.It should be noted that, in any case, the frequency F1 of the signal S1 follows a substantially cubic curve when the temperature T varies.

Il en résulte que les différences de la fréquence F1 du signal S1 ont des signes opposés selon que la température T est supérieure ou inférieure à la température de référence Tr, ce qui assure automatiquement une compensation presque parfaite de ces différences lorsque la température T varie de part et d'autre de cette température de référence Tr.It follows that the differences in the frequency F1 of the signal S1 have opposite signs depending on whether the temperature T is higher or lower than the reference temperature T r , which automatically ensures almost perfect compensation for these differences when the temperature T varies on either side of this reference temperature T r .

L'homme du métier verra que cette variation de la fréquence F1 en fonction de la température T est similaire à celle de la fréquence du signal fourni par un oscillateur comportant un résonateur du type dit AT. Mais l'homme du métier sait également que cette dernière fréquence est, par nature, assez élevée, et qu'il est très souvent nécessaire d'associer à un tel oscillateur un circuit diviseur de fréquence, avec les divers inconvénients, mentionnés ci-dessus, qui sont liés à la présence d'un tel circuit.Those skilled in the art will see that this variation in the frequency F1 in temperature function T is similar to that of the signal frequency supplied by an oscillator comprising a resonator of the so-called AT type. But those skilled in the art also know that this latter frequency is, for nature, quite high, and it is very often necessary to associate with such a oscillator a frequency divider circuit, with the various drawbacks, mentioned above, which are linked to the presence of such a circuit.

On voit par contre facilement que la fréquence du signal fourni par un dispositif selon la présente invention peut être relativement basse puisqu'elle est égale à la différence des fréquences de deux autres signaux, les signaux S2 et S3 dans l'exemple décrit ci-dessus. Il n'est donc souvent pas nécessaire d'associer un circuit diviseur de fréquence à ce dispositif, ce qui élimine les inconvénients liés à la présence d'un tel circuit. Et même si un circuit diviseur de fréquence doit, pour une raison ou une autre, être associé à un dispositif selon la présente invention, sa consommation d'énergie électrique est beaucoup plus faible que dans le cas d'un oscillateur comportant un résonateur de type AT puisque la fréquence du signal qu'il reçoit est beaucoup plus basse que dans ce dernier cas.However, it is easy to see that the frequency of the signal supplied by a device according to the present invention can be relatively low since it is equal to the difference in frequencies of two other signals, the signals S2 and S3 in the example described above. It is therefore often not necessary to associate a frequency divider circuit with this device, which eliminates the disadvantages associated with the presence of such a circuit. And even if a divider circuit frequency must, for one reason or another, be associated with a device according to the present invention, its consumption of electrical energy is much weaker than in the case of an oscillator with a AT type resonator since the frequency of the signal it receives is much lower than in the latter case.

On voit donc que le dispositif selon la présente invention présente sensiblement le même avantage de stabilité de la fréquence du signal qu'il fournit en fonction de la température qu'un oscillateur comportant un résonateur de coupe AT, sans présenter les inconvénients de ce dernier.It can therefore be seen that the device according to the present invention has substantially the same signal frequency stability advantage that it provides as a function of temperature that an oscillator comprising a AT cut resonator, without having the disadvantages of the latter.

On voit également que lorsque la température varie, la fréquence du signal fourni par un dispositif selon la présente invention varie de manière continue, sans aucun saut brusque, contrairement à la fréquence des signaux produits par les dispositifs décrits dans les brevets CH 626 500 et CH 631 315 mentionnés ci-dessus. Il en découle que le spectre des fréquences du signal fourni par un dispositif selon la présente invention ne présente qu'un faible nombre de raies et que la position de ces raies est sensiblement indépendante de la température.We also see that when the temperature varies, the frequency of signal provided by a device according to the present invention varies so continuous, without any sudden jump, unlike the signal frequency produced by the devices described in patents CH 626,500 and CH 631 315 mentioned above. It follows that the spectrum of frequencies of the signal supplied by a device according to the present invention do not shows that a small number of lines and that the position of these lines is substantially independent of temperature.

En particulier, on notera que l'on choisira de préférence des coefficients quadratiques β1 et β2 et des valeurs de fréquences F2r et F3r dans un rapport entier permettant d'éliminer les composantes parasites du signal de sortie et d'obtenir une grande pureté spectrale. Ce résultat est par exemple avantageusement obtenu par l'utilisation d'un diapason quartz vibrant en flexion pour produire le signal S2 et dont le coefficient quadratique β1 vaut par expérience sensiblement -0.038 ppm/°C, et par l'utilisation d'un diapason quartz vibrant en torsion pour produire le signal S3 et dont le coefficient quadratique β2 vaut par expérience sensiblement -0.0126 ppm/°C. Dans ce cas le rapport β1/β2 vaut sensiblement 3.In particular, it will be noted that one will preferably choose quadratic coefficients β 1 and β 2 and frequency values F2 r and F3 r in an integer ratio making it possible to eliminate the parasitic components of the output signal and to obtain a high spectral purity. This result is for example advantageously obtained by the use of a quartz tuning fork vibrating in bending to produce the signal S2 and whose quadratic coefficient β 1 is by experience substantially -0.038 ppm / ° C, and by the use of a quartz tuning fork vibrating in torsion to produce the signal S3 and whose quadratic coefficient β 2 is from experience substantially -0.0126 ppm / ° C. In this case the ratio β 1 / β 2 is substantially equal to 3.

Afin de satisfaire l'expression (8) ci-dessus, on choisit par ailleurs des valeurs de fréquences F2r et F3r dans un rapport équivalent, soit par exemple égales à 131.072 kHz et 393.216 kHz respectivement. On notera que la fréquence du signal 54 ainsi obtenu à la sortie du circuit mélangeur 4 de la figure 1 est dans un tel cas sensiblement égale à 262.144 kHz, soit avantageusement huit fois la fréquence de 32.768 kHz qui est typiquement désirée dans des applications horlogères. Un circuit diviseur par huit peut ainsi être avantageusement connecté à la sortie du circuit mélangeur 4 afin de dériver un signal à la fréquence de 32.768 kHz. Un tel circuit diviseur est par exemple représenté, en traits interrompus, à la figure 1 dans laquelle il est désigné par la référence 7.In order to satisfy expression (8) above, frequency values F2 r and F3 r are also chosen in an equivalent ratio, ie for example equal to 131,072 kHz and 393,216 kHz respectively. It will be noted that the frequency of the signal 54 thus obtained at the output of the mixer circuit 4 of FIG. 1 is in such a case substantially equal to 262,144 kHz, that is to say advantageously eight times the frequency of 32,768 kHz which is typically desired in horological applications. A divider by eight circuit can thus advantageously be connected to the output of the mixer circuit 4 in order to derive a signal at the frequency of 32,768 kHz. Such a divider circuit is for example shown, in broken lines, in FIG. 1 in which it is designated by the reference 7.

Il faut encore noter que le dispositif selon la présente invention, contrairement aux dispositifs décrits dans les brevets CH 626 500 et CH 631 315 mentionnés ci-dessus, peut non seulement être agencé de manière que le signal qu'il produit soit formé d'impulsions, mais également de manière que ce signal soit sinusoïdal.It should also be noted that the device according to the present invention, unlike the devices described in patents CH 626,500 and CH 631 315 mentioned above, can not only be arranged with so that the signal it produces is formed by pulses, but also by so that this signal is sinusoidal.

De nombreuses modifications peuvent évidemment être apportées au dispositif selon la présente invention sans pour autant sortir du cadre de celle-ci.Many modifications can obviously be made to the device according to the present invention without departing from the scope of this one.

Ainsi, les résonateurs tels que les résonateurs 5 et/ou 6 du dispositif de la figure 1 peuvent avoir une forme différente de la forme de diapason qu'ils ont dans ce dispositif, par exemple la forme de barreaux, ou être réalisés dans un matériau piézo-électrique autre que le quartz. Ces résonateurs peuvent aussi être agencés de manière à vibrer dans un autre mode, par exemple un mode d'allongement. Il est cependant évident que quels que soient leur forme, leur matériau, et/ou leur mode de vibration, ces résonateurs doivent être tels que la variation en fonction de la température de la fréquence des signaux produits par les générateurs dont ils font partie soit au moins sensiblement parabolique.Thus, the resonators such as the resonators 5 and / or 6 of the device of figure 1 can have a shape different from the shape of tuning fork that they have in this device, for example the form of bars, or be made of a piezoelectric material other than quartz. These resonators can also be arranged to vibrate in another mode, for example an elongation mode. It is however obvious that which whatever their shape, their material, and / or their mode of vibration, these resonators should be such that the variation with temperature the frequency of the signals produced by the generators of which they are a part or at least substantially parabolic.

De même, toujours par exemple, un dispositif selon la présente invention peut comporter, comme cela a déjà été mentionné, un circuit diviseur de fréquence 7 disposé entre la sortie du circuit mélangeur, le circuit 4 de l'exemple décrit ci-dessus, et la sortie du dispositif, la sortie O dans le même exemple.Likewise, again for example, a device according to the present invention may include, as already mentioned, a circuit frequency divider 7 disposed between the output of the mixer circuit, the circuit 4 of the example described above, and the output of the device, the output O in the same example.

Dans cette variante du dispositif selon la présente invention, les signaux S1 et S4 ne sont évidemment plus identiques. En outre, les divers composants du dispositif, notamment les circuits générateurs des signaux S2 et S3, doivent être agencés de manière que la fréquence F4 du signal S4 soit égale au produit de la fréquence F1 du signal S1 par le facteur de division du diviseur de fréquence 7, qui est bien sûr un nombre entier supérieur à 1. Ce résultat est par exemple obtenu selon l'exemple numérique mentionné plus haut dans lequel les valeurs de fréquences F2r et F3r sont choisies égales à 131.072 kHz et 393.216 kHz respectivement.In this variant of the device according to the present invention, the signals S1 and S4 are obviously no longer identical. In addition, the various components of the device, in particular the circuits generating the signals S2 and S3, must be arranged in such a way that the frequency F4 of the signal S4 is equal to the product of the frequency F1 of the signal S1 by the division factor of the divider of frequency 7, which is of course an integer greater than 1. This result is for example obtained according to the numerical example mentioned above in which the frequency values F2 r and F3 r are chosen to be equal to 131,072 kHz and 393,216 kHz respectively.

On rappellera que, dans la première forme d'exécution du dispositif selon la présente invention, qui a été décrite ci-dessus, le signal S4 constitue directement le signal S1. Dans ce cas, la fréquence F4 du signal S4 est donc égale au produit de la fréquence F1 par le nombre 1.It will be recalled that, in the first embodiment of the device according to the present invention, which has been described above, the signal S4 constitutes signal S1 directly. In this case, the frequency F4 of the signal S4 is therefore equal to the product of the frequency F1 by the number 1.

D'une manière générale, on peut donc dire que les divers composants d'un dispositif selon la présente invention doivent être agencés de manière que la fréquence du signal S4 produit par le circuit mélangeur soit égale au produit de la fréquence du signal de sortie S1 du dispositif par un nombre entier égal ou supérieur à 1.In general, we can therefore say that the various components of a device according to the present invention must be arranged so that the frequency of the signal S4 produced by the mixer circuit is equal to the product of the frequency of the device output signal S1 by a number integer equal to or greater than 1.

Il faut encore noter que la présence éventuelle d'un diviseur de fréquence tel que le diviseur 7 de la figure 1 entre la sortie du circuit mélangeur, le circuit 4 de cette même figure 1, et la sortie d'un dispositif selon la présente invention ne modifie absolument pas la variation en fonction de la température de la fréquence du signal fourni par cette dernière sortie. Un dispositif selon la présente invention présente donc toujours les mêmes avantages par rapport aux dispositifs connus, qu'il comporte ou non un diviseur de fréquence entre son circuit mélangeur et sa sortie.It should also be noted that the possible presence of a divider of frequency such as the divider 7 of figure 1 between the output of the circuit mixer, circuit 4 of this same figure 1, and the output of a device according to the present invention absolutely does not modify the variation as a function of the temperature of the frequency of the signal supplied by this last output. A device according to the present invention therefore always has the same advantages over known devices, whether or not it includes a frequency divider between its mixer circuit and its output.

Claims (4)

Dispositif pour produire un premier signal (S1) ayant une première fréquence (F1), comportant : des premiers moyens générateurs (2) pour produire un deuxième signal (S2) ayant une deuxième fréquence (F2) qui varie au moins sensiblement paraboliquement en fonction de la température (T) avec un premier coefficient quadratique (β1) qui a une première valeur maximale (F20) à une première température d'inversion (T01), et qui a une première valeur déterminée (F2r) à une température de référence (Tr); des deuxièmes moyens générateurs (3) pour produire un troisième signal (S3) ayant une troisième fréquence (F3) qui varie également au moins sensiblement paraboliquement en fonction de la température (T) avec un deuxième coefficient quadratique (β2) différent dudit premier coefficient quadratique (β1) qui a une deuxième valeur maximale (F30) à une deuxième température d'inversion (T02) au moins sensiblement égale à ladite première température d'inversion (T01), et qui a une deuxième valeur déterminée (F3r) à ladite température de référence (Tr); et des moyens de mélange (4) pour produire un quatrième signal (S4) ayant une quatrième fréquence (F4) égale à la différence entre ladite troisième (F3) et ladite deuxième fréquence (F2);    caractérisé par le fait que lesdits premiers (2) et lesdits deuxièmes moyens générateurs (3) sont agencés de manière que le rapport entre ledit premier (β1) et ledit deuxième coefficient quadratique (β2) soit au moins sensiblement égal au rapport entre ladite deuxième (F3r) et ladite première valeur déterminée (F2r), et de manière que ladite quatrième fréquence (F4) soit égale au produit de ladite première fréquence (F1) par un nombre entier égal ou supérieur à 1.Device for producing a first signal (S1) having a first frequency (F1), comprising: first generating means (2) for producing a second signal (S2) having a second frequency (F2) which varies at least substantially parabolically as a function of temperature (T) with a first quadratic coefficient (β 1 ) which has a first value maximum (F2 0 ) at a first inversion temperature (T 01 ), and which has a first determined value (F2 r ) at a reference temperature (T r ); second generator means (3) for producing a third signal (S3) having a third frequency (F3) which also varies at least substantially parabolically as a function of temperature (T) with a second quadratic coefficient (β 2 ) different from said first coefficient quadratic (β 1 ) which has a second maximum value (F3 0 ) at a second inversion temperature (T 02 ) at least substantially equal to said first inversion temperature (T 01 ), and which has a second determined value ( F3 r ) at said reference temperature (T r ); and mixing means (4) for producing a fourth signal (S4) having a fourth frequency (F4) equal to the difference between said third (F3) and said second frequency (F2); characterized in that said first (2) and said second generating means (3) are arranged so that the ratio between said first (β 1 ) and said second quadratic coefficient (β 2 ) is at least substantially equal to the ratio between said second (F3 r ) and said first determined value (F2 r ), and so that said fourth frequency (F4) is equal to the product of said first frequency (F1) by an integer equal to or greater than 1. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le rapport entre ladite deuxième (F3r) et ladite première valeur déterminée (F2r) est sensiblement égal à un nombre entier.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio between said second (F3 r ) and said first determined value (F2 r ) is substantially equal to an integer. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que celui-ci comporte en outre un circuit diviseur de fréquence (7) connecté à la sortie dudit circuit mélangeur (4) et permettant de dériver ledit premier signal (S1) à partir dudit quatrième signal (S4).Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that this further comprises a frequency divider circuit (7) connected to the output of said mixer circuit (4) and making it possible to derive said first signal (S1) from said fourth signal (S4). Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits premiers moyens générateurs (2) comportent un premier résonateur à quartz (5) agencé pour vibrer en flexion, et en ce que lesdits deuxièmes moyens générateurs (3) comportent un deuxième résonateur à quartz (6) agencé pour vibrer en torsion.Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said first generator means (2) comprise a first quartz resonator (5) arranged to vibrate in flexion, and in this that said second generator means (3) comprise a second quartz resonator (6) arranged to vibrate in torsion.
EP00100427A 2000-01-10 2000-01-10 Means for generating a signal having a frequency that is substantially independent from temperature Expired - Lifetime EP1117017B1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00100427A EP1117017B1 (en) 2000-01-10 2000-01-10 Means for generating a signal having a frequency that is substantially independent from temperature
AT00100427T ATE442614T1 (en) 2000-01-10 2000-01-10 DEVICE FOR GENERATING A SIGNAL WHICH FREQUENCY IS SIGNIFICANTLY INDEPENDENT OF TEMPERATURE
DE60042916T DE60042916D1 (en) 2000-01-10 2000-01-10 Device for generating a signal whose frequency is substantially independent of temperature
CA002396934A CA2396934A1 (en) 2000-01-10 2000-12-07 Device for producing a signal having a substantially temperature-independent frequency
JP2001552156A JP4939714B2 (en) 2000-01-10 2000-12-07 Device for generating a signal having a frequency substantially independent of temperature
PCT/EP2000/012434 WO2001052001A2 (en) 2000-01-10 2000-12-07 Device for producing a signal having a substantially temperature-independent frequency
CNB008183171A CN1201211C (en) 2000-01-10 2000-12-07 Device for producing a signal having a substantially temperature-independent frequency
HK03108942.9A HK1056616B (en) 2000-01-10 2000-12-07 Device for producing a signal having a substantially temperature-independent frequency
US10/169,160 US6724266B2 (en) 2000-01-10 2000-12-07 Device for producing a signal having a substantially temperature-independent frequency
KR1020027008807A KR100700431B1 (en) 2000-01-10 2000-12-07 Devices for generating signals of frequency independent of temperature

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00100427A EP1117017B1 (en) 2000-01-10 2000-01-10 Means for generating a signal having a frequency that is substantially independent from temperature

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1117017A1 true EP1117017A1 (en) 2001-07-18
EP1117017B1 EP1117017B1 (en) 2009-09-09

Family

ID=8167590

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00100427A Expired - Lifetime EP1117017B1 (en) 2000-01-10 2000-01-10 Means for generating a signal having a frequency that is substantially independent from temperature

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6724266B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1117017B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4939714B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100700431B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1201211C (en)
AT (1) ATE442614T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2396934A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60042916D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001052001A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (55)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7275292B2 (en) 2003-03-07 2007-10-02 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Method for fabricating an acoustical resonator on a substrate
US7358831B2 (en) * 2003-10-30 2008-04-15 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) devices with simplified packaging
US7019605B2 (en) * 2003-10-30 2006-03-28 Larson Iii John D Stacked bulk acoustic resonator band-pass filter with controllable pass bandwidth
US7362198B2 (en) * 2003-10-30 2008-04-22 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd Pass bandwidth control in decoupled stacked bulk acoustic resonator devices
US6946928B2 (en) * 2003-10-30 2005-09-20 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Thin-film acoustically-coupled transformer
EP1528677B1 (en) 2003-10-30 2006-05-10 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Film acoustically-coupled transformer with two reverse c-axis piezoelectric elements
US6995622B2 (en) * 2004-01-09 2006-02-07 Robert Bosh Gmbh Frequency and/or phase compensated microelectromechanical oscillator
US7615833B2 (en) 2004-07-13 2009-11-10 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Film bulk acoustic resonator package and method of fabricating same
US7388454B2 (en) * 2004-10-01 2008-06-17 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip Pte Ltd Acoustic resonator performance enhancement using alternating frame structure
US8981876B2 (en) * 2004-11-15 2015-03-17 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Piezoelectric resonator structures and electrical filters having frame elements
US7202560B2 (en) 2004-12-15 2007-04-10 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Wafer bonding of micro-electro mechanical systems to active circuitry
US7791434B2 (en) 2004-12-22 2010-09-07 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Acoustic resonator performance enhancement using selective metal etch and having a trench in the piezoelectric
US7427819B2 (en) * 2005-03-04 2008-09-23 Avago Wireless Ip Pte Ltd Film-bulk acoustic wave resonator with motion plate and method
US7369013B2 (en) 2005-04-06 2008-05-06 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip Pte Ltd Acoustic resonator performance enhancement using filled recessed region
US7436269B2 (en) 2005-04-18 2008-10-14 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Acoustically coupled resonators and method of making the same
TWI402658B (en) * 2005-05-13 2013-07-21 Avago Technologies General Ip Low frequency clock generation
US8058933B2 (en) * 2005-09-21 2011-11-15 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Low frequency clock generation
US7138752B1 (en) 2005-06-09 2006-11-21 Eta Sa Manufacture Horlogere Suisse Small-sized piezoelectric resonator
US7868522B2 (en) * 2005-09-09 2011-01-11 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Adjusted frequency temperature coefficient resonator
US7391286B2 (en) * 2005-10-06 2008-06-24 Avago Wireless Ip Pte Ltd Impedance matching and parasitic capacitor resonance of FBAR resonators and coupled filters
US7423503B2 (en) 2005-10-18 2008-09-09 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Acoustic galvanic isolator incorporating film acoustically-coupled transformer
US7737807B2 (en) 2005-10-18 2010-06-15 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Acoustic galvanic isolator incorporating series-connected decoupled stacked bulk acoustic resonators
US7525398B2 (en) * 2005-10-18 2009-04-28 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Acoustically communicating data signals across an electrical isolation barrier
US7675390B2 (en) * 2005-10-18 2010-03-09 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Acoustic galvanic isolator incorporating single decoupled stacked bulk acoustic resonator
US7425787B2 (en) 2005-10-18 2008-09-16 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Acoustic galvanic isolator incorporating single insulated decoupled stacked bulk acoustic resonator with acoustically-resonant electrical insulator
US7463499B2 (en) 2005-10-31 2008-12-09 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte Ltd. AC-DC power converter
US7561009B2 (en) * 2005-11-30 2009-07-14 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) devices with temperature compensation
US7612636B2 (en) * 2006-01-30 2009-11-03 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Impedance transforming bulk acoustic wave baluns
US7746677B2 (en) * 2006-03-09 2010-06-29 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. AC-DC converter circuit and power supply
US20070210724A1 (en) * 2006-03-09 2007-09-13 Mark Unkrich Power adapter and DC-DC converter having acoustic transformer
US7479685B2 (en) * 2006-03-10 2009-01-20 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Electronic device on substrate with cavity and mitigated parasitic leakage path
US7629865B2 (en) 2006-05-31 2009-12-08 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Piezoelectric resonator structures and electrical filters
US7508286B2 (en) * 2006-09-28 2009-03-24 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. HBAR oscillator and method of manufacture
US20080202239A1 (en) * 2007-02-28 2008-08-28 Fazzio R Shane Piezoelectric acceleration sensor
US7791435B2 (en) * 2007-09-28 2010-09-07 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Single stack coupled resonators having differential output
US7855618B2 (en) * 2008-04-30 2010-12-21 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Bulk acoustic resonator electrical impedance transformers
US7732977B2 (en) * 2008-04-30 2010-06-08 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Transceiver circuit for film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) transducers
WO2009143492A1 (en) * 2008-05-23 2009-11-26 Statek Corporation Piezoelectric resonator
US8248185B2 (en) 2009-06-24 2012-08-21 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Acoustic resonator structure comprising a bridge
US8902023B2 (en) 2009-06-24 2014-12-02 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Acoustic resonator structure having an electrode with a cantilevered portion
US8193877B2 (en) * 2009-11-30 2012-06-05 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Duplexer with negative phase shifting circuit
US8796904B2 (en) 2011-10-31 2014-08-05 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Bulk acoustic resonator comprising piezoelectric layer and inverse piezoelectric layer
US9243316B2 (en) 2010-01-22 2016-01-26 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Method of fabricating piezoelectric material with selected c-axis orientation
US8962443B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2015-02-24 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Semiconductor device having an airbridge and method of fabricating the same
US9083302B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2015-07-14 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Stacked bulk acoustic resonator comprising a bridge and an acoustic reflector along a perimeter of the resonator
US9154112B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2015-10-06 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Coupled resonator filter comprising a bridge
US9148117B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2015-09-29 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Coupled resonator filter comprising a bridge and frame elements
US9136818B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2015-09-15 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Stacked acoustic resonator comprising a bridge
US9203374B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2015-12-01 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Film bulk acoustic resonator comprising a bridge
US9048812B2 (en) 2011-02-28 2015-06-02 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Bulk acoustic wave resonator comprising bridge formed within piezoelectric layer
US9425764B2 (en) 2012-10-25 2016-08-23 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Accoustic resonator having composite electrodes with integrated lateral features
US8575820B2 (en) 2011-03-29 2013-11-05 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Stacked bulk acoustic resonator
US9444426B2 (en) 2012-10-25 2016-09-13 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Accoustic resonator having integrated lateral feature and temperature compensation feature
US8350445B1 (en) 2011-06-16 2013-01-08 Avago Technologies Wireless Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Bulk acoustic resonator comprising non-piezoelectric layer and bridge
US8922302B2 (en) 2011-08-24 2014-12-30 Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Acoustic resonator formed on a pedestal

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR982491A (en) * 1943-07-02 1951-06-11 Radio Electr Soc Fr Compensation of the frequency drift of an oscillator, piezoelectric with temperature
CH1527865A4 (en) * 1965-11-05 1967-11-30
DE2360656A1 (en) * 1973-12-05 1975-07-03 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag Electric clock with HF time standard cct. - has means for converting oscillator frequencies to motor operating frequency
GB2006520A (en) * 1977-09-07 1979-05-02 Suwa Seikosha Kk Piezo-electric resonator
US4345221A (en) * 1979-05-22 1982-08-17 Societe Suisse Pour L'industrie Horlogere Management Services S.A. Temperature compensated signal generator including two crystal oscillators

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4071797A (en) * 1976-01-20 1978-01-31 Societe Suisse Pour L'industrie Horlogere Management Services S.A. Quartz piezo-electric element vibrating in a coupled mode
GB1570660A (en) * 1976-06-30 1980-07-02 Suwa Seikosha Kk Electronic timepiece
JPS537269A (en) * 1976-07-08 1978-01-23 Matsushima Kogyo Kk Electronic clock
CH620087B (en) * 1979-03-09 Suisse Horlogerie OSCILLATOR WITH A HIGH FREQUENCY QUARTZ RESONATOR.
JPS55166083A (en) * 1979-06-13 1980-12-24 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd Time standard generating system
JPS5636085A (en) * 1979-09-03 1981-04-09 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd Time-base generator
CH626500B (en) * 1980-01-10 Suisse Horlogerie OSCILLATOR WITH DIGITAL TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION.

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR982491A (en) * 1943-07-02 1951-06-11 Radio Electr Soc Fr Compensation of the frequency drift of an oscillator, piezoelectric with temperature
CH1527865A4 (en) * 1965-11-05 1967-11-30
DE2360656A1 (en) * 1973-12-05 1975-07-03 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag Electric clock with HF time standard cct. - has means for converting oscillator frequencies to motor operating frequency
GB2006520A (en) * 1977-09-07 1979-05-02 Suwa Seikosha Kk Piezo-electric resonator
US4345221A (en) * 1979-05-22 1982-08-17 Societe Suisse Pour L'industrie Horlogere Management Services S.A. Temperature compensated signal generator including two crystal oscillators

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6724266B2 (en) 2004-04-20
CA2396934A1 (en) 2001-07-19
WO2001052001A3 (en) 2001-12-20
JP4939714B2 (en) 2012-05-30
JP2003529750A (en) 2003-10-07
HK1056616A1 (en) 2004-02-20
KR20020074192A (en) 2002-09-28
CN1423762A (en) 2003-06-11
EP1117017B1 (en) 2009-09-09
ATE442614T1 (en) 2009-09-15
DE60042916D1 (en) 2009-10-22
CN1201211C (en) 2005-05-11
WO2001052001A2 (en) 2001-07-19
US20030052743A1 (en) 2003-03-20
KR100700431B1 (en) 2007-03-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1117017B1 (en) Means for generating a signal having a frequency that is substantially independent from temperature
EP0048689B1 (en) Quartz thermometer
CH619335B5 (en)
EP1843227A1 (en) Coupled resonator for control system
EP2137873A2 (en) Clock extraction device with digital phase lock, requiring no external control
FR2596517A1 (en) VIBRATING BAR STRENGTH TRANSDUCER HAVING VIBRATION FREQUENCY ADJUSTING MEANS
EP1265352A1 (en) Differential oscillator circuit comprising an electromechanical resonator
EP0751373B1 (en) Apparatus for measuring angular speed
EP3698466B1 (en) Improved radio frequency oscillator
EP3048730B1 (en) Frequency synthesis device with feedback loop
FR2918820A1 (en) Periodic alternating signal i.e. reference signal, supplying device for global system for mobile communication system, has multiplexer receiving periodic and control signals and providing alternative signal based on value of control signal
EP1625659B1 (en) Integrated resonators and time base incorporating said resonators
EP1111770B1 (en) Oscillator arrangement for low-frequency quartz and having an improved temperature dependency
FR2562349A1 (en) PIEZOELECTRIC OSCILLATOR OPERATING IN APERIODIC MODE
FR2624326A1 (en) PIEZOELECTRIC RESONATOR
EP0795953B1 (en) Electronic device comprising an integrated time base
EP4099100A1 (en) Timepiece movement provided with an oscillator comprising a piezoelectric hairspring
FR3098664A1 (en) Feedback loop frequency synthesis device
FR2677127A1 (en) DEVICE FOR MEASURING AN ANGULAR SPEED.
EP0113264B1 (en) High frequency oscillator with compensated isochronism deficiency
EP0371256B1 (en) Apparatus for measuring a physical quantity
CH710603B1 (en) Clock spring with adjustable frequency.
CH714794A2 (en) Timepiece comprising a mechanical movement whose movement is regulated by an electronic device.
FR2489510A1 (en) QUARTZ THERMOMETER
FR2914808A1 (en) DEVICE FOR EXTRACTING CLOCK AND DIGITAL DATA WITHOUT EXTERNAL ADJUSTMENT

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Free format text: AL;LT;LV;MK;RO;SI

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20020118

AKX Designation fees paid

Free format text: AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: ETA SA MANUFACTURE HORLOGERE SUISSE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20080408

RTI1 Title (correction)

Free format text: MEANS FOR GENERATING A SIGNAL HAVING A FREQUENCY THAT IS SUBSTANTIALLY INDEPENDENT FROM TEMPERATURE

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: ICB INGENIEURS CONSEILS EN BREVETS SA

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 60042916

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20091022

Kind code of ref document: P

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090909

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090909

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090909

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090909

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FD4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100111

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090909

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20091220

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090909

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090909

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: ETA SA MANUFACTURE HORLOGERE SUISSE

Effective date: 20100131

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20100610

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100131

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20100110

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20100930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100201

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20091210

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100110

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090909

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100110

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20181221

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20181218

Year of fee payment: 20

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R071

Ref document number: 60042916

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL