EP0986728B1 - Procede pour la detection du point ou de l'instant d'impact d'un projectile - Google Patents
Procede pour la detection du point ou de l'instant d'impact d'un projectile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0986728B1 EP0986728B1 EP98929471A EP98929471A EP0986728B1 EP 0986728 B1 EP0986728 B1 EP 0986728B1 EP 98929471 A EP98929471 A EP 98929471A EP 98929471 A EP98929471 A EP 98929471A EP 0986728 B1 EP0986728 B1 EP 0986728B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- projectile
- impact
- signals
- mobile
- antenna
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41J—TARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
- F41J5/00—Target indicating systems; Target-hit or score detecting systems
- F41J5/12—Target indicating systems; Target-hit or score detecting systems for indicating the distance by which a bullet misses the target
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a system. for the detection of the point or instant of impact of a projectile.
- This point of impact is usually the ground. However, it can be constituted by another mobile.
- the position of the point of impact can be calculated at from the characteristics of the projectile and the conditions of launch. However, in some cases, this calculation is not easy or does not provide satisfactory results. For example, the trajectory of a bomb dropped from an airplane is difficult to calculate. Again it is always useful to know, to know preferably in real time, the exact position of the point of impact.
- the invention allows the realization of a system of detection, in real time, of the point of impact of a projectile which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above and that is with good accuracy.
- the system according to the invention is characterized in that the projectile has a device for receiving signals GPS or the like and for transmitting received GPS signals to a remote receiver, and in that the receiver, for example at ground, includes means for periodically determining the position of the mobile from GPS or similar signals received and to detect the position of the impact by extrapolation from, on the one hand, the determination of the moment when the signals from the projectile, and, on the other hand, previous position measurements.
- the measurement period is by example between 100 ms and 1 second.
- GPS or similar signals signals which come from satellites or beacons, these signals serving to determine the position and speed of mobiles thanks to the measure the distance between this mobile and satellites or beacons whose positions are known. Each distance is measured from the time between the instant of emission of a signal by a satellite or beacon, from the moment of reception of the same signal by the mobile.
- the signal from each satellite or tag has a carrier frequency whose value is a parameter used for determining speeds.
- Global Positioning System Global Positioning System
- GLONASS Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System
- the satellite In each of these systems the satellite emits a signal at a specific time, this instant being a data transmitted by the satellite.
- the distance is proportional to the time between the instant of emission, supplied by the satellite signal, from the instant of reception by the mobile.
- each satellite transmits on a carrier frequency L 1 equal to 1,575.42 MHz as well as on an auxiliary carrier frequency L 2 at 1,227.06 MHz.
- the carrier frequency which is also used for speed determination, is modulated by a binary sequence repetitive pseudo-random according to a phase modulation of the type BPSK ("Binary Phase Shift Keying").
- Each sequence constitutes a code which, in the case of GPS, has a length of 1023 bits.
- These codes are issued at a frequency of 1.023 MHz. They coexist with other codes issued at ten times the frequency: 10.23 MHz.
- the codes, called C / A, at 1.023 MHz allow in principle an approximate position determination while the codes, called P, at a frequency ten times higher, allow a precise location.
- each code is threefold: on the one hand, it identifies the transmitting satellite, on the other hand, it facilitates detection and demodulation of signals which are drowned in very high noise, detection being carried out by correlation between the code received from the satellite and an identical code locally produced, and secondly finally, it is used to measure time shifts for calculating distances.
- the carrier frequency L 1 is also coded by other binary data which represent, in particular, the date of transmission of the signal.
- the satellite being identified and the date of emission of the signal being known, the position of this satellite at the time of emission of the signal is then known with great precision.
- the carrier frequency L 1 constitutes the identification of the satellite. It therefore differs from one satellite to another.
- the frequencies L 1 range from approximately 1600 MHz to 1615 MHz.
- a pseudo-random code is also provided in this GLONASS system, but its usefulness is limited to extracting the signal in noise and determining time differences for measuring the distances between receiver and satellite.
- the invention also relates to the determination of the instant of impact of a non-destructible projectile.
- a device is provided on the projectile reception of GPS or similar signals and re-transmission of these signals to a remote receiver, the remote receiver comprising means for periodically determining the position of the projectile.
- This projectile and / or the reception and retransmission of non destructible GPS signals during the impact, the moment of impact is extrapolated from the position of the point of impact and at least one position measured previously.
- Extrapolation is, in any case, necessary because position determinations are not made continuously but periodically, the period being at least of the order of 100 ms.
- This sampling period is either fixed or variable. It depends on the speed characteristics and / or projectile acceleration.
- the projectile there are preferably two antennas, namely an antenna for receiving GPS signals at the rear and a transmitting antenna so arranged that the radiation pattern is preferably directed towards forward.
- the projectile can take orientations variables, in one embodiment, the antenna diagram is strongly omnidirectional.
- the latter has a shell material plastic and it is shaped to participate in the diagram emission radiation.
- the plastic fuselage - which constitutes a dielectric - can increase omni-directionality of the radiation diagram.
- This training bomb 10 presents the general shape of a rocket with an elongated body 12 narrowed in point shape 14 forward and fins 16 toward the rear.
- the antenna 18, intended to receive the signals of the GPS satellites is arranged at the back, that is to say towards the high.
- a quadrifilar antenna is provided composed of helically wound wires. We know that such an antenna has good omni-directionality qualities.
- a "PATCH" type antenna formed by one or more conductors on a support.
- the GPS antenna is also used to retransmit signals to a ground station (not shown in Figure 1). Although the transmitting antenna is placed at the rear of the bomb 10 when it has to transmit forward, this antenna gives, despite everything, good results because we found that the structure plastic insulator of the bomb 10 participates in the radiation pattern of the transmitting antenna. These results are due to dielectric coupling.
- the circuits 20 associated with the antenna 18 are found in the same housing 22 as the antenna 18, at the rear of the bomb 10, substantially along its axis.
- the 18 'antenna for receiving signals GPS satellites are arranged in the same way as the antenna 18 in Figure 1 but the transmit antenna, 24 or 26, is separate of the receiving antenna 18 '.
- the antenna 24 has the form a belt surrounding the shell 10 at the front of the antenna 18 ', between the latter and the middle zone 28.
- Such an antenna allows an almost omnidirectional emission without variation of phase or level even if the projectile revolves around its axis. You can also use a plurality of antennas elementary (or "patch") coupled.
- an antenna 26 is provided. near the nose 14 of the bomb 10, around the hull.
- This antenna 26 is formed by several elementary antennas coupled. You can also use a belt type antenna. In both cases, the arrangement of the antenna on the part conique york favors forward transmission.
- a GPS signal receiver which will be described later in relation to FIG. 5, periodically determines, by example every 200 ms, the position of the mobile and, depending of the measured positions, the path 32 of the mobile.
- the trajectory is in a vertical plane, the Oz axis being vertical and the Ox axis horizontal.
- the corresponding time we keep in memory the corresponding time as well as the speed and acceleration.
- the impact of the mobile on the ground will generally have consequence of destroying the reception electronics and re-transmission of GPS signals.
- the moment of impact is thus determined by the disappearance of the signals received on the ground.
- Detection of the instant of disappearance of signals GPS is carried out using a circuit located either downstream processing circuits providing the GPS signals either upstream of processing, on the carrier of the received signal.
- a means is provided for continuously measuring the signal-to-noise ratio and the instant of impact corresponds to the instant the signal-to-noise ratio drops below one determined threshold.
- a circuit which, before treatment, and before correlation, determines the signal level, for example the level of automatic gain control and instant of impact corresponds to the moment when the signal drops below a threshold predetermined, or when automatic gain control exceeds a predetermined limit.
- the invention makes it possible to simple determination of the moment of impact. Indeed, in in this case, the position of the impact is known. extrapolation will therefore relate to the determination of time and not to the determination of the position.
- FIG. 4 represents an exemplary embodiment of reception and retransmission circuits on board the mobile.
- the antenna 18 for receiving GPS signals supplies a signal to the amplifier 112.
- This amplified signal is applied to the first input 114 1 of a member 114, such as a frequency change mixer, of which the second input 114 2 receives a local signal supplied by the output 116 1 of a generator 116.
- the local signal applied to the input 114 2 has a frequency of 1580 GHz while the signal detected by the antenna 18 is the signal from the GPS carrier at the frequency 1,575.42 MHz.
- the signal appearing on the output 114 3 of the mixer 114 is at a frequency equal to the difference between the frequencies of the signals applied to the inputs 114 1 and 114 2 .
- This signal is applied to a second amplifier 118, then is transmitted to a filter 120 and, from there, is connected to the transmitting antenna 18, directed towards the GPS receiver on the ground.
- Figure 5 shows the installation on the ground.
- It includes a conventional GPS receiver.
- Processing means allow the calculation of the trajectory and the instant of impact and, therefore, the location of this point of impact.
- the installation on the ground includes a receiving antenna 142 whose signal is applied to a telemetry receiver 144 which performs functions filtering and amplification classics.
- the receiver output 144 is connected to a circuit 146 for calculating the trajectory of the mobile.
- the installation includes a so-called receiver 148 with its own antenna 150.
- the reference receiver allows, at all times, the comparison between, on the one hand, the distance measured between this receiver on the ground and the satellite and, on the other hand, the distance, known a priori, between this receiver and the satellite. This comparison is used to correct the measurements provided by the cellphone. This type of correction, which allows great precision of the location of the mobile, is called a GPS system differential.
- the reference receiver 148 has a clock output 148 1 connected to a corresponding clock input 146 1 of the circuit 146. It also has an output 148 2 providing the reference data on a corresponding input of a calculation circuit 152 of position, speed, acceleration and time, which, with circuit 146, makes it possible to calculate the trajectory.
- the circuit 146 further comprises an input 146 2 receiving a help signal (inertial for example), to improve the performance of attachment and tracking of GPS signals.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
Description
- la figure 1 est un schéma d'un projectile avec une antenne pour la réception et la réémission de signaux GPS,
- la figure 2 est un schéma analogue à celui de la figure 1, mais pour deux variantes,
- la figure 3 est un diagramme montrant une interpolation effectuée pour déterminer la position de l'impact d'un projectile,
- la figure 4 est un schéma d'un dispositif destiné à équiper un projectile dont on veut détecter la position de l'impact, et
- la figure 5 est un schéma pour la réception de signaux fournis par un dispositif du type de celui de la figure 4.
Claims (12)
- Procédé pour déterminer la position de l'impact d'un projectile (10), caractérisé en ce que le projectile étant équipé d'un dispositif de réception-émission pour, d'une part, recevoir des signaux de positionnement par satellite, émis par un ensemble de satellites, qui servent à déterminer la position du projectile grâce à la mesure de la distance entre ce dernier et les satellites dont les positions sont connues, et, d'autre part, émettre les signaux reçus vers un récepteur à distance (142 - 152), on détermine, dans le récepteur à distance :de façon périodique, la position du mobile,l'instant (td) de la disparition des signaux émis par le dispositif d'émission du mobile, et,à partir d'au moins une mesure de position et de la mesure de l'instant de disparition des signaux, par extrapolation, la position de l'impact.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la détermination des positions s'effectue suivant une période comprise entre 100 ms et 1 seconde.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'extrapolation utilisée pour déterminer la position de l'impact fait également intervenir la vitesse et l'accélération.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'instant de la disparition des signaux reçus est déterminé par comparaison de ces signaux avec un seuil, l'instant de disparition correspondant au moment où un signal reçu tombe au-dessous du seuil.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les signaux de détermination de position sont du type GPS ou analogue.
- Projectile pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une antenne (18, 18') de réception de signaux de satellites qui est disposée à l'arrière de ce projectile.
- Projectile pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une antenne (18 ; 24 ; 26) d'émission de signaux disposée de façon telle qu'elle émette les signaux vers l'avant du projectile.
- Projectile selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'antenne d'émission (18) est disposée à l'arrière et est couplée à l'avant par un diélectrique.
- Projectile selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le diélectrique constitue la coque de ce projectile.
- Projectile selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'antenne d'émission forme une ceinture (24) ou une couronne entourant le projectile.
- Projectile selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'antenne d'émission (26) est disposée à l'avant du projectile.
- Procédé pour déterminer l'instant de l'impact d'un projectile ou mobile, caractérisé en ce que le projectile ou mobile comportant un dispositif de réception-émission pour, d'une part, recevoir des signaux de positionnement par satellites, émis par un ensemble de satellites, qui servent à déterminer la position du mobile grâce à la mesure de la distance entre ce dernier et les satellites dont les positions sont connues, et, d'autre part, émettre les signaux reçus vers un récepteur à distance, dans ce récepteur à distance on détermine :de façon périodique, la position du mobile, et,à partir de ces mesures périodiques et de la position du mobile immobilisé, par extrapolation, l'instant de l'impact.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9706800 | 1997-06-03 | ||
FR9706800A FR2764057B1 (fr) | 1997-06-03 | 1997-06-03 | Procede pour la detection du point ou de l'instant d'impact d'un projectile |
PCT/FR1998/001111 WO1998055821A1 (fr) | 1997-06-03 | 1998-06-03 | Procede pour la detection du point ou de l'instant d'impact d'un projectile |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0986728A1 EP0986728A1 (fr) | 2000-03-22 |
EP0986728B1 true EP0986728B1 (fr) | 2003-01-08 |
Family
ID=9507523
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98929471A Expired - Lifetime EP0986728B1 (fr) | 1997-06-03 | 1998-06-03 | Procede pour la detection du point ou de l'instant d'impact d'un projectile |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0986728B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69810621T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2764057B1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL133103A0 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998055821A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE2100185A1 (sv) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-06-15 | Bae Systems Bofors Ab | Projektil med antenn |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4281239A (en) * | 1979-07-23 | 1981-07-28 | Motorola Inc. | Timing apparatus and method |
FR2490802B1 (fr) * | 1980-09-24 | 1985-06-14 | Applic Etu Mat Electro | Procede et dispositif pour reperer l'impact de projectiles |
JPH06159997A (ja) * | 1992-11-25 | 1994-06-07 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | 飛しょう体の制御装置 |
US5543813A (en) * | 1993-08-12 | 1996-08-06 | Kokusai Denshin Denwa Kabushiki Kaisha | System for determining and registering location of mobile terminal for communication system with non-geosynchronous satellites |
US5574469A (en) * | 1994-12-21 | 1996-11-12 | Burlington Northern Railroad Company | Locomotive collision avoidance method and system |
US5614910A (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 1997-03-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Miss distance vector scoring system |
-
1997
- 1997-06-03 FR FR9706800A patent/FR2764057B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-06-03 DE DE69810621T patent/DE69810621T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-06-03 EP EP98929471A patent/EP0986728B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-03 WO PCT/FR1998/001111 patent/WO1998055821A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1998-06-03 IL IL13310398A patent/IL133103A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69810621D1 (de) | 2003-02-13 |
EP0986728A1 (fr) | 2000-03-22 |
IL133103A0 (en) | 2001-03-19 |
DE69810621T2 (de) | 2003-08-14 |
FR2764057B1 (fr) | 1999-08-20 |
WO1998055821A1 (fr) | 1998-12-10 |
FR2764057A1 (fr) | 1998-12-04 |
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