EP0965565A1 - Wasserenthärtungstablette - Google Patents
Wasserenthärtungstablette Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0965565A1 EP0965565A1 EP99115247A EP99115247A EP0965565A1 EP 0965565 A1 EP0965565 A1 EP 0965565A1 EP 99115247 A EP99115247 A EP 99115247A EP 99115247 A EP99115247 A EP 99115247A EP 0965565 A1 EP0965565 A1 EP 0965565A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- water
- tablet
- tablets
- silicates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019351 sodium silicates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- PMYUVOOOQDGQNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexasodium;trioxido(trioxidosilyloxy)silane Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] PMYUVOOOQDGQNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- -1 olefin sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 16
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004435 Oxo alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tetradecanol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSVSPKKXQGNHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-3-methyl-1,2-thiazole Chemical compound CC=1C=C(Br)SN=1 XSVSPKKXQGNHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001503 Glucan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol trioctadecanoate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010636 coriander oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carboxylatooxy carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)OOC([O-])=O VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010699 lard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043348 myristyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004965 peroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000012418 sodium perborate tetrahydrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045872 sodium percarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-oxidodioxaborirane;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Na+].[O-]B1OO1 IBDSNZLUHYKHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940012831 stearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000019635 sulfation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005670 sulfation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003470 sulfuric acid monoesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
- C11D17/0073—Tablets
- C11D17/0078—Multilayered tablets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
- C11D17/0073—Tablets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
- C11D3/1273—Crystalline layered silicates of type NaMeSixO2x+1YH2O
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/128—Aluminium silicates, e.g. zeolites
Definitions
- the invention relates to tablets, preferably tablets which are active in washing or cleaning, in particular water softener tablets or compounds in tablet form for water softeners, which contain silicate builder substances.
- Tablets have a number of advantages over powdered agents, such as simple dosing and low packaging volume requirements. Problems arise, however, in that relatively high compression pressures have to be used to achieve adequate dimensional stability and fracture resistance when pressing the powdery components. Because of the high degree of compaction, such tablets often have inadequate disintegration and dissolving properties when used. Additional difficulties arise from the use of nonionic surfactants. According to the teaching of international patent application WO-A-90/02165, these problems can be solved by producing at least two granular components before pressing, the total amount of the anionic surfactants in one component and the main amount of the nonionic surfactants in the other component are included.
- the anionic surfactant-containing component preferably contains up to 20% by weight of anionic surfactants including the soaps, up to 30% by weight of water-containing zeolite, inorganic salts such as amorphous silicates and carbonates up to 40% by weight, polycarboxylates up to 5% by weight. , Sulfate up to 20 wt .-% and water, which is not bound to the zeolite, to a maximum of 5 wt .-%.
- the last three statements apply equally to the second component, which also preferably contains up to 15% by weight of nonionic surfactants, up to 20% by weight of water-containing zeolite and up to 10% by weight of soda.
- Other components which contain bleaching agents and / or enzymes, for example, are also optionally available.
- Crystalline layered sodium silicates of the formula NaMSi x O 2x + 1 .yH 2 O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2, 3 or 4 are, can substitute phosphates and zeolites.
- Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514 .
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates are those in which M is sodium and x is 2 or 3.
- both ⁇ - and ⁇ -sodium disilicate Na 2 Si 2 O 5 .yH 2 O are preferred, wherein ⁇ -sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO-A-91/08171 .
- ⁇ -sodium disilicate is commercially available under the name SKS 7®
- ⁇ -sodium disilicate is available under the name SKS 6® (commercial products from Hoechst AG, Federal Republic of Germany).
- These powders generally have a bulk density of less than 600 g / l and have high fines content, usually more than 30% by weight, with a particle size below 0.1 mm.
- crystalline layered silicates suffer from losses in their action as builders in spray drying detergent-containing slurries, caused by the partial destruction of their crystalline structure, they should preferably be incorporated into detergents or cleaning agents by other process methods. However, due to their high proportion of fine grains and thus their dusty structure, these powders are also unsuitable for use as an admixing component with other granular components of detergents or cleaning agents. When granulating crystalline layered sodium silicates, it should be noted that the strong abrasive properties of these silicates can damage the apparatus.
- Amorphous alkali metal silicates in particular those with a molar M 2 O: SiO 2 ratio of 1: 1.9 to 1: 4.0, where M preferably represents sodium and / or potassium, can generally be spray-dried, but white the person skilled in the art that the spray drying of slurries which also contain zeolite in addition to the amorphous silicates leads to negative interactions, as a result of which the exchange capacity of the zeolite is reduced and deposits which are difficult to remove can be deposited on the laundry.
- Granules which have a high proportion of amorphous silicates or pure spray-dried or granulated amorphous silicates, on the other hand, are hygroscopic, so that they have to be specially protected against the ingress of atmospheric moisture during storage.
- Another object of the invention was to provide builder substance-containing forms to offer those that are sufficiently soluble or dispersible for the intended purpose are.
- This object was achieved in that an offer form with a relatively small specific surface was chosen, which can be produced with little water.
- the maximum theoretical water binding capacity can be based on the one described below Be determined.
- Some components of the tablets form an accepted one Storage temperature of 15 to 45 ° C stable hydrates. This applies e.g. for zeolite.
- Components like sodium sulfate and polymeric polycarboxylates, on the other hand, are considered anhydrous Substances are calculated, although it is known that these are usually in granules in hydrated form. Crystalline layered sodium disilicates are also used calculated anhydrous, while amorphous sodium silicates, for example, have a water content can have up to about 22% by weight.
- the sum of the crystal water shares from the stable hydrates gives the maximum theoretical water content of the invention Tablet. It may even be preferred that the tablet be in an over-dried form is present, i.e. contains less water than the maximum theoretical water binding capacity corresponds to or taken up as stable by the tablet ingredients can be.
- the tablets can be produced in such a way that the amorphous, partially crystalline and / or crystalline layered sodium silicates and, if appropriate, all other constituents are mixed with one another in a mixer and the mixture by means of conventional tablet presses, for example eccentric presses, hydraulic presses or rotary presses with pressures in the range of 10 5 to 3 ⁇ 10 7 Pa (1 to 300 bar), advantageously in the range from about 5 ⁇ 10 5 to 2 ⁇ 10 7 Pa (5 to 200 bar) and in particular between 10 6 to 1.5 ⁇ 10 7 Pa (10 and 150 bar) pressed.
- the compression is preferably carried out without the addition of water.
- the premixes intended for compression are produced by mixing the individual ingredients, which are present at least in part in pre-assembled form as a granular compound.
- these include, for example, roller-compacted, crystalline, layered or amorphous sodium disilicates, which have optionally been impregnated with liquid to wax-like components, for example nonionic surfactants.
- this enables water-free pre-assembly, which is particularly advantageous.
- break-resistant tablets with good breaking strength which dissolve sufficiently quickly under application conditions, are obtained without any problems.
- the pressing conditions in the respective case are usually to be optimized for the setting of the desired solubility of the tablet with sufficient strength or hardness of the tablet. It applies in a manner known per se that higher compression pressures reduce the solubility of the tablet.
- Preferred tablets have a breaking strength of at least 55 N and in particular at least 60 N. Tablets with brewing strengths above 150 N are also possible.
- a tablet produced in this way preferably has a weight of 10 to 120 g, in particular from 20 to 100 g, the diameter of the tablets being customary is less than 100 mm.
- Preferred detergent tablets have a diameter of maximum 80 mm and in particular from 30 to 80 mm.
- it is also possible and especially preferred with regard to improved solubilities several, ie use at least 2 tablets with the same or different composition. These tablets preferably have a weight of 10 to 40 g, with a diameter from 20 to 50 mm are preferred.
- the diameter / height ratio of the tablets should be be optimized so that the least possible abrasion on the vertical walls the tabletting apparatus (high diameter / low height) with sufficient Stability and a not too large surface (small diameter / high height) guaranteed is.
- Preferred diameter / height ratios of the cylindrical compacts are approximately 0.5: 1 to 10: 1, in particular 1: 1 to 8: 1.
- the content of the tablets in amorphous, partially crystalline and / or crystalline layered Sodium silicates can vary in a wide range.
- Water softening tablets have an amorphous, partially crystalline and / or crystalline content layered sodium silicates at 20 to 80% by weight and in particular at 30 up to 60% by weight.
- the low-water to anhydrous disilicates are particularly preferred.
- the preferred amorphous silicates primarily include the known spray-dried water glasses with a Na 2 O: SiO 2 weight ratio of 1: 1.9 to 1: 3.35.
- a preferred embodiment of silicates are silicate-carbonate compounds, for example those according to European patent applications EP-A-0 488 868 and EP-A-0 561 565. Such compounds are sold under the name Nabion 15® (commercial product from Rôhne- Poulenc) commercially available.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of silicates is, however, those X-ray amorphous silicates as described in the older German patent application DE 44 00 024 .
- tablets are preferred which contain either crystalline layered sodium silicates of the specified type or such X-ray amorphous silicates, or tablets which contain crystalline layered sodium silicates and X-ray amorphous silicates in a weight ratio of 10: 1 to 1:10.
- Particularly preferred tablets are free of conventional amorphous silicates of the water glass type or contain these amorphous silicates of the water glass type only in combination with crystalline layered sodium silicates and / or X-ray amorphous silicates, the content of amorphous silicates of the water glass type advantageously being 20% by weight. -% and in particular 15 wt .-%, each based on the total amount of silicates present in the tablet, does not exceed.
- the tablets can have conventional tabletting aids and disintegrants, if these in the group of (polymeric) polycarboxylates [ingredients c) or d)] or alkaline or neutral reacting inorganic salts [ingredient e)].
- Auxiliaries which disintegrate or dissolve are regarded as disintegrants influence positively in the aqueous application phase.
- These disintegrants can be more inorganic and / or organic in nature.
- Typical inorganic-based explosives are, for example, swellable layered silicates such as bentonites.
- Organic explosives can be natural substances or their derivatives based on starch or cellulose.
- detergents or cleaning agents such as Salts of polymeric polyacrylates or polymethacrylates, for example those with a low molecular weight between 1000 and 5000 can be called.
- acetates or percarbonates are preferably in tablets containing bleach or used directly in the bleaching tablets. It is usual, to use such disintegrants in amounts of up to about 15% by weight, based on the tablet. Because of the use of water-soluble silicates, it is sufficient for the inventive ones Tablets in most cases, the disintegrant in amounts far below 10 wt .-%, preferably in amounts of up to 5 wt .-% and in particular still use underneath. When using poly (meth) acrylates usually lead Amounts around 1% by weight for very good results.
- tabletting aids ensure better cohesion of the individual powdery or granular components and thus contribute to the stability of the tablet.
- tabletting aids include, for example liquid to pasty nonionic surfactants at processing temperature.
- the explosives and tableting aids are preferably in dry form or in a used in nonionic surfactant or suspended form.
- An aqueous form of use is less preferred because water is only added in quantities during the process may be; that the maximum theoretical water binding capacity of the tablet ingredients is not exceeded.
- the invention is therefore not an ingredient in the form of an aqueous solution or suspension used and the pressing is carried out without the addition of water.
- the tablets contain in particular other common builder substances.
- These include inorganic builder substances such as zeolite and / or phosphates or organic builders such as polycarboxylates and / or polymeric polycarboxylates.
- 0 to 80% by weight is preferred 5 to 80 wt .-% and in particular 10 to 60 wt .-% of water-containing zeolite and / or phosphate present. Tablets are preferred in which the content of Phosphates preferably to a maximum of 50% by weight and in particular to a maximum of 30 % By weight is limited.
- the used, fine crystalline, synthetic and bound water containing zeolite is preferably zeolite NaA in detergent quality.
- zeolite is also suitable NaX as well as mixtures of A, X or P.
- the zeolite can either be spray dried Powder or as a granular compound, for example up to about 50% by weight other ingredients such as nonionic surfactants, cellulose ethers and / or polymeric polycarboxylates contains, are used.
- Suitable powdered zeolites have a average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Counter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight bound water.
- Water softening tablets preferably contain 0 to 50% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 30% by weight and advantageously 2 to 20% by weight of polycarboxylates and additionally preferably 0 to 15% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 12% by weight and advantageously 1 to 10% by weight of polymeric polycarboxylates.
- polycarboxylic acids or the polycarboxylates include in particular those used in the form of their sodium salts Polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, Tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.
- Suitable polymeric polycarboxylates are for example the sodium salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a molecular weight of 800 to 150,000 (on acid based).
- Suitable copolymeric polycarboxylates are, in particular, those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
- the 50 to Contain 90 wt .-% acrylic acid and 50 to 10 wt .-% maleic acid is generally 5000 to 200000, preferably 10,000 to 120,000 and in particular 50,000 to 100,000.
- terpolymeric polycarboxylates for example those which are salts of the monomers Acrylic acid and maleic acid as well as vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives (P 43 00 772.4) or the monomeric salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and Contain sugar derivatives (P 42 21 381.9).
- the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates are preferably used either as a powder or as a granular compound.
- Suitable granular compounds are, for example, those which are known from international patent application WO-A-92/13937 .
- Suitable builder systems are oxidation products of carboxyl-containing polyglucosans and / or their water-soluble salts, as are described, for example, in international patent application WO-A-93/08251 or their preparation, for example, in international patent application WO-A-93/16110 or the older German one Patent application DE 43 30 393 is described.
- the water softening tablets according to the invention consist of 0 to 30% by weight, preferably but 0.5 to 20% by weight, and particularly 2 to 15% by weight, from the following mentioned anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, alkaline or neutral reacting inorganic Salts or mixtures thereof.
- Preferred surfactants of the sulfonate type are C 9 -C 13 alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates such as are obtained, for example, from C 12 -C 18 monoolefins with a terminal or internal double bond by sulfonating with gaseous Sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products is considered.
- alkanesulfonates obtained from C 12 -C 18 alkanes, for example by sulfochlorination or sulfoxidation with subsequent hydrolysis or neutralization.
- esters of ⁇ -sulfo fatty acids e.g. the ⁇ -sulfonated Methyl ester of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters.
- fatty acid glycerol esters the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures are to be understood as they are the preparation by esterification by a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or obtained in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 mol of glycerol.
- Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfonation products of saturated fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, Myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
- Typical examples are suitable feedstocks Palm oil, palm kernel oil, palm stearin, olive oil, rapeseed oil, coriander oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, Peanut oil, linseed oil, lard oil or lard. Because of their high natural Proportion of saturated fatty acids, however, it has proven to be particularly advantageous from coconut oil, palm kernel oil or beef tallow.
- the sulfation of the saturated Fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms or mixtures of fatty acid glycerol esters with iodine numbers less than 5, the fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms contain, is preferably carried out by reaction with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent neutralization with aqueous bases, as described in the international patent application WO-A-91/09009 is indicated.
- Preferred alk (en) yl sulfates are the sulfuric acid half-esters of the C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols, for example from coconut oil alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C 10 -C 20 oxo alcohols and those half-esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length .
- alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical prepared on a petrochemical basis and which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
- C 16 -C 18 alk (en) yl sulfates are particularly preferred from the point of view of washing technology. It can also be particularly advantageous, and particularly advantageous for machine washing agents, to use C 16 -C 18 alk (en) yl sulfates in combination with lower melting anionic surfactants and in particular with those anionic surfactants which have a lower Krafft point and relatively low ones Washing temperatures of, for example, room temperature to 40 ° C. show a low tendency to crystallize.
- the compositions therefore contain mixtures of short-chain and long-chain fatty alkyl sulfates, preferably mixtures of C 12 -C 14 fatty alkyl sulfates or C 12 -C 18 fatty alkyl sulfates with C 16 -C 18 fatty alkyl sulfates and in particular C 12 -C 16 -Fatty alkyl sulfates with C 16 -C 18 fatty alkyl sulfates.
- not only saturated alkyl sulfates but also unsaturated alkenyl sulfates with an alkenyl chain length of preferably C 16 to C 22 are used.
- the sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C 7 -C 21 alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide such as 2-methyl-branched C 9 -C 11 alcohols with an average of 3.5 mol of ethylene oxide (EO) or C 12 - C 18 fatty alcohols with 2 to 4 EO are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in detergents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.
- Preferred anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which represent monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and in particular ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8 to C 18 fatty alcohol residues or mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue, which is derived from ethoxylated fatty alcohols, which, when considered to be nonionic surfactants (description see below).
- alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
- Preferred anionic surfactant mixtures contain combinations of alk (en) yl sulfates, in particular Mixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty alk (en) yl sulfates, and alkylbenzenesulfonates, sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters and / or ⁇ -sulfofatty acid esters.
- alk (en) yl sulfates as anionic surfactants are preferred and alkylbenzenesulfonates, alk (en) ylsulfates and ⁇ -sulfofatty acid methyl esters and / or sulfated Contain fatty acid glycerol esters.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are, in particular, soaps, preferably in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight.
- Suitable are, for example, saturated fatty acid soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid, and in particular soap mixtures derived from natural fatty acids, for example coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
- those soap mixtures are preferred which are composed of 50 to 100% by weight of saturated C 12 -C 24 fatty acid soaps and 0 to 50% by weight of oleic acid soap.
- the anionic surfactants and soaps can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or triethanolamine, available.
- the anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or Potassium salts, especially in the form of the sodium salts.
- the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical can be linear or preferably methyl-branched in the 2-position or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- EO ethylene oxide
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms, for example from coconut, palm, tallow fat or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C 12 -C 14 alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C 9 -C 11 alcohol with 7 EO, C 13 -C 15 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO, 7 EO or 8 EO, C 12 -C 18 alcohols with 3 EO, 5 EO or 7 EO and mixtures thereof, such as mixtures of C 12 -C 14 alcohol with 3 EO and C 12 -C 18 alcohol with 5 EO.
- the degrees of ethoxylation given represent statistical averages, which can be an integer or a fraction for a specific product.
- Preferred alcohol ethoxylates have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO for example those up to about 80 EO, can also be used. Examples include tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- alkyl glycosides of the general formula RO (G) x can also be used as further nonionic surfactants, in which R denotes a primary straight-chain or methyl-branched, in particular methyl-branched aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18, C atoms and G is the symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
- the degree of oligomerization x which indicates the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is any number between 1 and 10; x is preferably 1.2 to 1.4.
- nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-cocoalkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can be suitable.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of ethoxylated fatty alcohols, especially not more than half of it.
- Suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I), in the R 2 CO for an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R 3 for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms and [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups stands.
- the tablets contain the nonionic surfactants in a preferred embodiment in amounts up to 20% by weight.
- the pressing tools are made of high-strength material.
- alkaline inorganic salts in water, which are preferably up to 15% by weight in the tablets.
- inorganic alkaline reacting salts include in particular bicarbonates, or carbonates Mixtures of these; alkali carbonate and especially sodium carbonate are preferred used.
- the tablets can contain up to 20% by weight of inorganic substances which are neutral in water Contain salts, preferably sulfates and chlorides, especially in the form of their sodium and / or calcium salts. Their content in the tablets is preferably up to about 20% by weight.
- Peroxy bleach can be used as a further important ingredient of tablets be mentioned as alkaline or neutral reacting inorganic salts.
- sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance.
- Further bleaching agents which can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 O 2 -supplying peracid salts or peracids.
- Peroxy bleaching agents which deliver 10 to 20% active oxygen per mole of component are particularly preferred.
- the water softening tablets according to the invention can consist of several sub-components, as described in patent application WO-A-90/02165 . It is therefore preferred that the tablets are produced by mixing at least 2 previously prepared granular powder components and then compressing this mixture, the total amount of the anionic surfactants in one component and 75 to 100% by weight in the other component. % of the total amount of nonionic surfactants is included if these substances are used.
- Other sub-components can also be used to manufacture the tablets, these can contain bleaching agents in particular.
- a tablet consists of at least three Layers, i.e.
- multilayer tablets have the advantage that they not only have a dispensing chamber or a metering device, which is added to the wash liquor can be used; much more in such cases it is also possible to put the tablet in direct contact with the textiles the machine without bleaching and the like would be feared.
- the tablets of the following examples were prepared in such a way that the corresponding ones were first used Components mixed and then in a hydraulically working Press (company Kürschner, Federal Republic of Germany) for press prints in the range of about 10 to 150 bar were produced.
- a tablet was produced from a mixture which contained 5.7% by weight sodium carbonate, 67% by weight SKS-6®, 1% by weight methylhydroxypropyl cellulose, 16% by weight trisodium citrate dihydrate, 8% by weight a terpolymeric salt of acrylic acid, maleic acid and vinyl alcohol, prepared in accordance with the teaching of German patent application DE 43 00 772 and subsequent spray drying of a 38% by weight aqueous solution, 0.72% by weight water, which is made from the raw materials used and not additionally was added, and 0.5 wt .-% sodium sulfate and the rest contained other salts from the raw materials.
- the tablet had a diameter of 23 mm, a height of 10 mm and a weight of 20 g.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- Wasserenthärtungstablette, enthaltend Buildersubstanzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie zua) 20 bis 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise zu 30 bis 60 Gew.-% aus amorphen, teilkristallinen und/oder kristallinen schichtförmigen Natriumsilikaten der Formel Na2SixO2x+1·yH2O, worin x eine Zahl von 1,9 bis 4 und y eine Zahl von 0 bis 20 ist und bevorzugte Werte für x 2, 3 oder 4 sind,b) zu 0 bis 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 5 bis 80 Gew.-% und insbesondere 10 bis 60 Gew.-% aus wasserhaltigem Zeolith und/oder Phosphat,c) zu 0 bis 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 30 Gew.-% und insbesondere 2 bis 20 Gew.-% aus Polycarboxylaten,d) zu 0 bis 15 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise zu 0,5 bis 12 Gew.-% und insbesondere zu 1 bis 10 Gew.-% aus polymeren Polycarboxylaten sowiee) zu 0 bis 30 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 20 Gew.-% und insbesondere zu 2 bis 15 Gew.-% aus Aniontensiden, Niotensiden, alkalisch oder neutral reagierenden anorganischen Salzen oder Mischungen aus diesen besteht,
- Tablette nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie entweder kristalline schichtförmige Natriumsilikate oder röntgenamorphe Silikate oder daß sie kristalline schichtförmige Natriumsilikate und röntgenamorphe Silikate im Gewichtsverhältnis von 10:1 bis 1:10 enthalten.
- Tablette nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie frei ist von üblichen amorphen Silikaten des Wasserglas-Typs.
- Tablette nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie amorphe Silikate des Wasserglas-Typs in Kombination mit kristallinen schichtförmigen Natriumsilikaten und/oder röntgenamorphen Silikaten enthält, wobei der Gehalt an amorphen Silikaten des Wasserglas-Typs vorzugsweise 20 Gew.-% und insbesondere 15 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der vorhandenen Silikate in der Tablette, nicht übersteigt.
- Tablette nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie in übertrockneter Form vorliegt.
- Tablette nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gehalt an Phosphaten vorzugsweise auf maximal 50 Gew.-% und insbesondere auf maximal 30 Gew.-% beschränkt ist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wasserrenthärtertabletten gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zur Verpressung vorgesehenen Vorgemische durch Vermischen der einzelnen Inhaltsstoffe, die wenigstens anteilsweise in vorkonfektionierter Form als granulares Compound vorliegen, hergestellt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verpressung ohne Zugabe von Wasser erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß walzenkompaktierte kristalline schichtförmige Natriumdisilikate, die gegebenenfalls mit flüssigen bis wachsartigen Komponenten, beispielsweise mit nichtionischen Tensiden imprägniert sind, als granulares Compound eingesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor der Verpressung mindestens 2 pulverförmige bis granulare Compounds hergestellt werden, von denen die erste die Gesamtmenge der anionischen Tenside und die zweite 75 bis 100 Gew.-% der Gesamtmenge der nichtionischen Tenside enthält.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4404279 | 1994-02-10 | ||
DE4404279A DE4404279A1 (de) | 1994-02-10 | 1994-02-10 | Tablette mit Buildersubstanzen |
EP95908245A EP0743978B1 (de) | 1994-02-10 | 1995-02-01 | Bleichtablette mit buildersubstanzen |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95908245A Division EP0743978B1 (de) | 1994-02-10 | 1995-02-01 | Bleichtablette mit buildersubstanzen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0965565A1 true EP0965565A1 (de) | 1999-12-22 |
Family
ID=6509983
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95908245A Expired - Lifetime EP0743978B1 (de) | 1994-02-10 | 1995-02-01 | Bleichtablette mit buildersubstanzen |
EP99115247A Ceased EP0965565A1 (de) | 1994-02-10 | 1995-02-01 | Wasserenthärtungstablette |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95908245A Expired - Lifetime EP0743978B1 (de) | 1994-02-10 | 1995-02-01 | Bleichtablette mit buildersubstanzen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5900399A (de) |
EP (2) | EP0743978B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE200794T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4404279A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2157320T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995021908A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (66)
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-
1994
- 1994-02-10 DE DE4404279A patent/DE4404279A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1995
- 1995-02-01 EP EP95908245A patent/EP0743978B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-01 DE DE59509220T patent/DE59509220D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-02-01 AT AT95908245T patent/ATE200794T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-02-01 US US08/687,550 patent/US5900399A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-02-01 ES ES95908245T patent/ES2157320T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-02-01 WO PCT/EP1995/000359 patent/WO1995021908A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-02-01 EP EP99115247A patent/EP0965565A1/de not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0743978B1 (de) | 2001-04-25 |
ATE200794T1 (de) | 2001-05-15 |
WO1995021908A1 (de) | 1995-08-17 |
ES2157320T3 (es) | 2001-08-16 |
DE4404279A1 (de) | 1995-08-17 |
EP0743978A1 (de) | 1996-11-27 |
US5900399A (en) | 1999-05-04 |
DE59509220D1 (de) | 2001-05-31 |
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