EP0954485A1 - Dispositif de distribution de produit fluide avec systeme d'obturation - Google Patents
Dispositif de distribution de produit fluide avec systeme d'obturationInfo
- Publication number
- EP0954485A1 EP0954485A1 EP98903104A EP98903104A EP0954485A1 EP 0954485 A1 EP0954485 A1 EP 0954485A1 EP 98903104 A EP98903104 A EP 98903104A EP 98903104 A EP98903104 A EP 98903104A EP 0954485 A1 EP0954485 A1 EP 0954485A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dispensing
- closure
- closure element
- slot
- actuation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
- B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
- B65D47/20—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps comprising hand-operated members for controlling discharge
- B65D47/2018—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps comprising hand-operated members for controlling discharge comprising a valve or like element which is opened or closed by deformation of the container or closure
- B65D47/2031—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps comprising hand-operated members for controlling discharge comprising a valve or like element which is opened or closed by deformation of the container or closure the element being formed by a slit, narrow opening or constrictable spout, the size of the outlet passage being able to be varied by increasing or decreasing the pressure
- B65D47/2037—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps comprising hand-operated members for controlling discharge comprising a valve or like element which is opened or closed by deformation of the container or closure the element being formed by a slit, narrow opening or constrictable spout, the size of the outlet passage being able to be varied by increasing or decreasing the pressure the element being opened or closed by actuating a separate element which causes the deformation, e.g. screw cap closing container slit
Definitions
- Fluid product distribution device with closure system
- the present invention relates to a device for dispensing a fluid product, and more particularly, the present invention relates to such a dispensing device comprising a shutter system actuated automatically when the dispensing device is actuated.
- the closure system of the present invention applies to all fluid dispensing devices, and in particular to dispensing devices comprising a pump or a valve connected to a reservoir and actuated by an actuating means such as a pusher.
- this type of device generally comprises a reservoir containing the fluid, and a dispensing member, such as for example a pump, inside which a certain amount of fluid always remains present after each dispensing.
- a dispensing member such as for example a pump
- This quantity of fluid remains in contact with the external environment through the dispensing orifice or the election nozzle of the dispensing member, and can therefore easily be subjected to drying and / or contamination, which has the following disadvantageous consequences: in the event of contamination, for example by bacteria, the contaminated fluid is distributed to the user on the next actuation, with a obvious danger to his health. In addition, the contamination could spread, in some cases, to the entire fluid reservoir with consequent increased danger. - in the case of drying, in addition to a very probable contamination, there is a risk of clogging of the dispensing orifice of the dispensing member. This is very common especially in spraying devices where the fluid passages are usually very small.
- each pump is provided with a metering chamber which is also the pump chamber and this chamber is empty when the device has not yet been used, that is to say that it contains only air or an inert gas. Therefore, each spraying device using this type of pump requires a "priming" which consists of one or more actuations necessary to expel the air from the pump chamber and replace it with the liquid to be dispensed.
- the problem in this case is that, when the pump is actuated on a gas, the pressure created is much lower than that obtained when pumping a liquid, and this pressure created during priming is generally not sufficient to open the shutter. The consequence is that the air is not expelled and the pump is not primed so that no spray can be dispensed.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a system for closing a device for dispensing a fluid product which does not have the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a sealing system which provides perfect sealing of the device for dispensing a fluid product, thus preventing any contamination and / or drying of the product at the level of the dispensing orifice.
- the present invention also aims to provide a closure system which is opened automatically upon actuation of the fluid dispenser device.
- the present invention therefore relates to a fluid dispenser device comprising a dispenser member, such as a pump, ejection means such as an ejection nozzle incorporating a dispensing orifice, an actuating means such as a pusher and a shutter system comprising an elastically deformable shutter element between a shutter position, in which it hermetically seals the dispensing orifice and an open position in which it opens the dispensing orifice distribution, the closure element being, when the distribution device is actuated, deformed towards its open position by a member integral with said ejection nozzle, said closure element returning elastically to its position obturation after actuation of the dispensing device.
- a dispenser member such as a pump
- ejection means such as an ejection nozzle incorporating a dispensing orifice
- an actuating means such as a pusher
- a shutter system comprising an elastically deformable shutter element between a shutter position, in which it hermetically seals the dispensing orific
- the closure element comprises a deformable closure wall which closes the dispensing orifice, said closure wall comprising opening means which open in the open position of the closure element. shutter.
- the opening means comprise a slot which opens when the dispensing device is actuated.
- said closure wall has a substantially concave lower surface which is, in the closure position, in contact with a convex upper surface of the member secured to the dispensing device.
- said slot is defined by two edges which move away when the opening of the such as to form a truncated cone in the open position of the closure element, the part of smaller diameter of said truncated cone being defined by the lower ends of said two edges located near the dispensing orifice, so that when the slot closes, the two edges first come into contact at said lower ends, expelling outward the product remaining in the truncated cone after actuation of the dispensing device.
- said lower ends of the two edges scrape said convex upper surface of the member secured to the dispensing device, removing the product remaining at this location after actuation of the dispensing device.
- the closure element is disposed between said ejection nozzle and said pusher so that, when said pusher is actuated, said ejection nozzle deforms the element shutter to its open position
- said closure element comprises a cylindrical sleeve disposed around and / or fixed to said ejection nozzle, and a deformable closure wall forming an end wall of said sleeve, said closure wall comprising a slot disposed opposite the dispensing orifice and which opens when the device is actuated.
- said sleeve is, in the open position of the closure element, deformed so as to elastically urge the closure element towards its closure position.
- the closure element is produced in the form of a disc having a hole which is closed in the closed position, and which opens to let pass a member secured to the dispensing device when said dispensing device is actuated.
- said closure element is made of an elastomeric material, such as butyl rubber.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic view in vertical section of a fluid dispenser device incorporating a closure system according to the present invention, in its closed position
- Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing the closure system in its open position
- Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic view in vertical section of the closure system according to the present invention, in the closed position
- Figures 4 and 5 show schematic views in vertical section of the closure system according to the invention, respectively in the closed position and in the open position
- Figures 6 and 7 show schematic top views of the shutter member of the shutter system of the present invention, respectively in the shutter position and in the open position.
- the closure system of the present invention applies to any type of fluid dispensing device, the present description will be made in relation to a spraying device comprising a pump and actuated by a pusher.
- the fluid dispenser device comprises a pump 20, which can be any standard pump and which will therefore not be described in more detail below, said pump being on the one hand connected to a product reservoir (not shown) and on the other hand to a dispensing orifice 8 via an expulsion channel 2 and 5.
- the pump is actuated by an actuating means such as a pusher 1 which, together with the outlet part of the expulsion channel 2, defines a dispensing head.
- actuating means such as a pusher 1 which, together with the outlet part of the expulsion channel 2, defines a dispensing head.
- the head of the spraying device is divided into two main components, a body 1, integral with the pusher, and an ejection nozzle 3.
- this nozzle is usually made in one piece with said body.
- An insert 2 forming a nozzle having the function of reducing the dead volume and creating the appropriate channel shape to obtain good spraying, is as usual inserted by pressure into the ejection nozzle element 3, and therefore forms the end of the expulsion channel, the other side being disposed on the outlet tube 5 of the pump 20
- the closure system of the present invention also works with dispensing heads not having an ejection nozzle incorporating a nozzle.
- the closure element 4 can be disposed between the body 1 and a member secured to the pump, provided that this member secured to the pump can move relative to said body 1, as will be described below. below.
- the ejection nozzle 3 / insert 2 unit is assembled in the body 1 so that it can slide in the body 1 with a limited stroke, and this unit is prevented from accidental separation from said body 1 of a in any suitable manner, in particular by means of a click.
- the closure element 4 is preferably made of a suitable elastomer, such as butyl rubber, which is tightly assembled on the ejection nozzle 3.
- This closure element 4 preferably comprises a part of tubular sleeve 40 which ends at one end by a closure wall 41 forming the bottom wall of said sleeve 40.
- said sleeve part 40 is mounted and / or fixed around said ejection nozzle 3, advantageously by means of a fixing by a sort of snap-fitting 42, and said closure wall 41 covers and sealingly closes the dispensing orifice 8 of the device.
- Said closure element 4 is provided, in its closure wall 41, with opening means 6, advantageously produced in the form of a slot, which is arranged opposite said dispensing orifice 8.
- this slot is kept sealed to prevent contamination and / or drying of the product remaining in or near the dispensing orifice 8 after actuation of the dispensing device.
- the closure element 4 is held, at the peripheral edge of its closure wall 41, by a rib 11 of the body 1, which cooperates with a corresponding groove provided in said wall shutter 41.
- said slot 6 is defined in the closure wall 41 by two edges 61, 62, shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, which come into tight contact with one another in the position for closing the closure element 4.
- the sleeve 40 of the closure element 4 can be produced in such a way as to be able to deform.
- this deformation of the sleeve 40 urges the shutter element towards its shutter position therefore bringing this shutter element back into its shutter position after the actuation of the device.
- the shutter system of the present invention operates as follows.
- the shutter member seals the dispensing orifice 8 of the pump in a sealed manner, so that any contamination and / or drying of the remaining product in this pump is prevented.
- the device is actuated, that is to say when a pressure is exerted by the user on the pusher 1, this pressure exerted downwards in the figures causes a relative displacement between the body 1 and the ejection nozzle 3 / insert 2 unit.
- the sleeve 40 of the closure element 4 deforms elastically and the ejection nozzle simultaneously deforms the closure wall 41 by opening the slot 6 towards the top, as shown in Figures 2, 5 and.
- the assembly formed by the ejection nozzle unit 3 / msert 2 and the pusher 1 is returned to its initial position by the spring return of the pump and due to the spring action exerted by the sleeve 40 of the deformed closure element. Therefore, the shutter element 4 resumes its closed position in which the sleeve 40 is perfectly cylindrical and the slot 6 is closed hermetically.
- the opening means are produced in the form of a slot in the closure wall 41 of the shutter element 4.
- this slot is defined, as described above, by two edges 61, 62 which are in sealed contact with one another in the shutter position of the shutter member 4 and which open under the effect of the relative movement between the body 1 and the ejection nozzle 3 / insert 2 unit, during actuation.
- the slot 6 opens so that the edges 61, 62 define a truncated cone with the part of smaller diameter said truncated cone which is located at the lower ends (in the figures) of said edges 61, 62, located near the dispensing orifice 8 of the device.
- the internal surface of the closure wall 41 is concave and is, in the closure position, in intimate contact with the upper surface. from nozzle 3, which is convex.
- the external surface (that is to say upper in FIG. 3) of the closure wall 41 is also concave.
- a bacteriostatic substance can be provided between the closure element 4 and the ejection nozzle element 3. In this way, maximum protection of the product is obtained.
- closure system of the invention can also be produced, with the necessary modifications obvious to those skilled in the art, with different types of pumps or different types of dispensers such as for example drop dispensers (in particular medicines for the eyes), pharmaceutical or cosmetic creams, and more generally any other type of fluid product.
- a preferred feature is that all of these devices include vacuum systems preventing the entry or return of outside air inside the fluid reservoir.
- the shutter element itself can also be modified without departing from the scope of the invention.
- its slit-shaped opening could be replaced by a very small hole capable of enlarging enough to allow the passage of a thin tube, in particular for the distribution of droplets.
- an ejection nozzle element comprising a swirl chamber to create the spraying, is not necessary.
- the deformable hollow cylindrical sleeve of the closure element could be replaced by a simple disc made of elastomeric material for less restrictive applications.
- the obturation element could be produced in the form of such a disc comprising a hole.
- This hole is closed in the closed position and seals the dispensing orifice of a dispensing tube.
- said device dispensing tube deforms said disc to open said hole, allowing said tube to pass through said hole to deliver a drop of product.
- the tube is returned to its initial position and the hole in the disc closes automatically.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9700841A FR2758801B1 (fr) | 1997-01-27 | 1997-01-27 | Systeme d'obturation d'un dispositif de distribution de produit fluide |
FR9700841 | 1997-01-27 | ||
PCT/FR1998/000113 WO1998032669A1 (fr) | 1997-01-27 | 1998-01-23 | Dispositif de distribution de produit fluide avec systeme d'obturation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0954485A1 true EP0954485A1 (fr) | 1999-11-10 |
EP0954485B1 EP0954485B1 (fr) | 2002-01-02 |
Family
ID=9503000
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98903104A Expired - Lifetime EP0954485B1 (fr) | 1997-01-27 | 1998-01-23 | Dispositif de distribution de produit fluide avec systeme d'obturation |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6234363B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0954485B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001508696A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69803361T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2758801B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998032669A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2787424B1 (fr) * | 1998-12-18 | 2001-03-02 | Valois Sa | Joint de valve ou de pompe |
US6382204B1 (en) | 1999-10-14 | 2002-05-07 | Becton Dickinson And Company | Drug delivery system including holder and drug container |
US7798185B2 (en) | 2005-08-01 | 2010-09-21 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Dispenser and method for storing and dispensing sterile food product |
JP4405802B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-16 | 2010-01-27 | メディカル・インスティル・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレイテッド | 計量された量の物質を供給するための、密閉チャンバ及び一方向弁を備えたディスペンサ |
EP1496832A2 (fr) * | 2002-04-10 | 2005-01-19 | Disop-Nordic Holding APS | Tube a mecanisme auto-obturateur pour un recipient de liquide |
JP4866005B2 (ja) | 2002-08-13 | 2012-02-01 | メディカル・インスティル・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレイテッド | 内容物蓄蔵吐出用の容器及びこれに関連する方法 |
USD504713S1 (en) | 2002-10-16 | 2005-05-03 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Dispenser with sealed chamber, one-way valve, and actuator for dispensing substances therefrom |
EP1636091A2 (fr) | 2003-05-12 | 2006-03-22 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Distributeur et appareil et procede pour le remplir |
US7226231B2 (en) | 2003-07-17 | 2007-06-05 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Piston-type dispenser with one-way valve for storing and dispensing metered amounts of substances |
USD516251S1 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2006-02-28 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Cosmetic applicator |
USD548889S1 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2007-08-14 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Cosmetic applicator |
USD570052S1 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2008-05-27 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Cosmetic applicator |
USD512647S1 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2005-12-13 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Dispenser of a container |
USD536138S1 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2007-01-30 | Medical Instill, Technologies, Inc. | Cosmetic applicator |
US7264142B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2007-09-04 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Dispenser having variable-volume storage chamber and depressible one-way valve assembly for dispensing creams and other substances |
USD552798S1 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2007-10-09 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Cosmetic applicator |
USD512646S1 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2005-12-13 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Dispenser of a container |
USD507680S1 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2005-07-19 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Cosmetic applicator |
US7654419B2 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2010-02-02 | Meadwestvaco Calmar, Inc. | Dispenser having elastomer discharge valve |
USD571224S1 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-06-17 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Dispensing container |
USD511975S1 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2005-11-29 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Dispensing container |
JP4859372B2 (ja) * | 2005-01-28 | 2012-01-25 | 株式会社 資生堂 | ディスペンサーのノズルカバー |
WO2007033480A1 (fr) * | 2005-09-20 | 2007-03-29 | 0736413 B.C. Ltd. | Distributeur de liquide sterile sous pression |
FR2895687B1 (fr) * | 2006-01-02 | 2008-07-04 | Lvmh Rech | Buse de distribution de produit fluide, dispositif de distribution comprenant une telle buse et procede de fabrication |
GB0610666D0 (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2006-07-05 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Fluid dispenser |
FR2902675B1 (fr) * | 2006-06-21 | 2008-09-12 | Lvmh Rech | Buse de distribution de produit de fluide et dispositif de distribution de produit de fluide comprenant une telle buse |
FI118678B (fi) | 2006-10-23 | 2008-02-15 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Oy | Reagenssisulku |
US8231031B2 (en) * | 2007-02-17 | 2012-07-31 | Yaowu Ding | Lotion pump and one-way valve incorporated therein |
DE102007049614B4 (de) * | 2007-03-15 | 2015-03-05 | Aptar Dortmund Gmbh | Abgabevorrichtung |
TWI474870B (zh) | 2007-05-30 | 2015-03-01 | Glaxo Group Ltd | 流體分配器 |
WO2009155460A1 (fr) * | 2008-06-18 | 2009-12-23 | Polytop Corporation | Fermeture de distribution d'un orifice en éventail |
US10549289B2 (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2020-02-04 | Silgan Dispensing Systems Slatersville, Llc | Fan orifice dispensing closure |
US8814010B2 (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2014-08-26 | Mwv Slatersville, Llc | Fan orifice dispensing closure |
ES2436002T3 (es) | 2008-06-20 | 2013-12-26 | Aptar Dortmund Gmbh | Dispositivo de distribución |
DE102008038654B4 (de) | 2008-08-12 | 2019-09-19 | Aptar Dortmund Gmbh | Abgabekopf mit schwenkbarem Ventilelement |
DE102009030627B4 (de) | 2009-06-25 | 2020-03-12 | Aptar Dortmund Gmbh | Ventil und Abgabevorrichtung |
DE102010020726B4 (de) * | 2010-05-17 | 2016-11-24 | Inotech Kunststofftechnik Gmbh | Mehrkomponentenförderelement für Spendervorrichtungen |
BR112014017580A8 (pt) * | 2012-01-17 | 2017-08-04 | Py Dr Inst Llc | frasco de multiplas doses e método |
FR3029507B1 (fr) * | 2014-12-04 | 2017-01-13 | Karine Courtin | Embout de distribution de fluide a proprietes bactericides/bacteriostatiques |
CN105192896B (zh) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-10-02 | 深圳麦克韦尔股份有限公司 | 烟油瓶及电子烟 |
CA3041082A1 (fr) * | 2016-10-20 | 2018-04-26 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Distributeur avec capuchon |
CN110076014B (zh) * | 2019-06-14 | 2024-05-24 | 东北农业大学 | 一种基于精准变量喷雾系统的锥角自适应雾化扇形喷嘴 |
FR3110868B1 (fr) * | 2020-05-29 | 2022-08-12 | Albea Le Treport | Tete de distribution d’un produit fluide et flacon de produit fluide associe |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2055582A (en) | 1935-10-02 | 1936-09-29 | Helen P Lewis | Closure for containers |
US3336000A (en) | 1966-05-31 | 1967-08-15 | Du Pont | Aerosol valve for food products |
US3696977A (en) * | 1971-04-21 | 1972-10-10 | Johnson & Son Inc S C | Stretch elastomer valve |
AR205701A1 (es) * | 1973-09-17 | 1976-05-31 | Bon F Del | Mejoras en un dispositivo de cierre automatico especialmente para receptaculos que contienen substancias liquidas o pastosas |
US4182496A (en) * | 1977-12-16 | 1980-01-08 | Ethyl Products Company | Actuator button for fluid dispenser |
CA1166203A (fr) | 1979-12-21 | 1984-04-24 | Luigi Del Bon | Commande a fermeture automatique sur decharge de contenant sous pression |
DE3347079A1 (de) * | 1983-12-24 | 1985-07-04 | Falko 7000 Stuttgart Graf | Verfahren zur herstellung einer durchfluss-sperranordnung und danach hergestellte verschlussmembran |
FR2665848B1 (fr) * | 1990-08-17 | 1992-10-30 | Aerosols & Bouchage | Buses a clapet incorpore. |
FR2705589B1 (fr) * | 1993-05-28 | 1995-07-28 | Valois | Buse de pulvérisation et pulvérisateur comportant une telle buse. |
US5370313A (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1994-12-06 | Beard; Walter C. | Sterile liquid dispenser |
FR2716873B1 (fr) * | 1994-03-03 | 1996-04-19 | Frank Clanet | Dispositif de distribution à fermeture étanche du contenu d'un récipient pressurisé ou d'un récipient à pompe. |
LU88489A1 (fr) * | 1994-05-31 | 1994-12-01 | Luxembourg Patent Co | Pistolet de manoeuvre pour un diffuseur de produits fluides |
-
1997
- 1997-01-27 FR FR9700841A patent/FR2758801B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-01-23 DE DE69803361T patent/DE69803361T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-23 JP JP53167298A patent/JP2001508696A/ja active Pending
- 1998-01-23 US US09/355,266 patent/US6234363B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-23 WO PCT/FR1998/000113 patent/WO1998032669A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1998-01-23 EP EP98903104A patent/EP0954485B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9832669A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6234363B1 (en) | 2001-05-22 |
JP2001508696A (ja) | 2001-07-03 |
WO1998032669A1 (fr) | 1998-07-30 |
DE69803361T2 (de) | 2002-08-29 |
FR2758801A1 (fr) | 1998-07-31 |
FR2758801B1 (fr) | 1999-03-26 |
DE69803361D1 (de) | 2002-02-28 |
EP0954485B1 (fr) | 2002-01-02 |
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