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EP0927884B1 - Verwendung einer potentialstabilisierenden Komponente in einer ionensensitiven Membran - Google Patents

Verwendung einer potentialstabilisierenden Komponente in einer ionensensitiven Membran Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0927884B1
EP0927884B1 EP98310771A EP98310771A EP0927884B1 EP 0927884 B1 EP0927884 B1 EP 0927884B1 EP 98310771 A EP98310771 A EP 98310771A EP 98310771 A EP98310771 A EP 98310771A EP 0927884 B1 EP0927884 B1 EP 0927884B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ion
sensitive membrane
test liquid
silver
ion sensitive
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EP98310771A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0927884A3 (de
EP0927884A2 (de
Inventor
Shoichiro Taiyo Yuden Co. Ltd. Hirakuni
Keiichi Taiyo Yuden Co. Ltd. Ida
Masatsugu Taiyo Yuden Co. Ltd. Suzuki
Akihiko Taiyo Yuden Co. Ltd. Mochizuki
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Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd
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Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • G01N27/307—Disposable laminated or multilayered electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
    • G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
    • G01N27/333—Ion-selective electrodes or membranes
    • G01N27/3335—Ion-selective electrodes or membranes the membrane containing at least one organic component

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an ion sensor for various kinds of ion that can be employed in the examination of blood, etc.
  • This invention also relates to a disposable simplified ion sensor plate partially constituting the ion sensor.
  • the ion sensor is generally formed of a structure comprising a silver/silver halide (Ag/AgX) electrode wherein a silver halide layer is deposited on a silver layer, an inner electrolyte solution, and an ion sensitive membrane (ISM). Since an inner electrolyte solution is employed in the ion sensor as described above, a vessel for accommodating the inner electrolyte solution is required. As a result, it has been very difficult to miniaturize the ion sensor or to make the ion sensor into a disposable type.
  • a multi-ion sensor plate main body 5 provided with 5 groups of electrode pair, each group consisting of a test liquid-measuring electrode 2a and a reference electrode 2b, which are formed on a glass-epoxy resin substrate 1 by a process wherein copper electrodes are formed in advance by means of etching process and then subjected to an electrolytic silver plating thereby to form a silver layer thereon, and with silver chloride layers 4a and 4b deposited on the silver layer formed on one end portion of each test liquid-measuring electrode 2a as well as on the silver layer formed on one end portion of each reference electrode 2b which faces the aforementioned one end portion of the test liquid-measuring electrode 2a, the other end portions of these electrodes 2a and 2b which are remote from the aforementioned one end portions being constituted as an outer electrode respectively.
  • the multi-ion sensor further comprises a channel body 9 which is designed to be contactingly superimposed on the multi-ion sensor plate main body 5 and consists of a polyester film provided with through-holes 6a to 6e and 6'a to 6'e communicating with the silver chloride layers 4a and 4b of each group of electrode pair, respectively, with an elongated hole constituting a liquid junction portion 7 which is formed to coincide with the forward ends of two channels of the upper cell to be explained hereinafter and is designed to allow a test liquid to be contacted with the reference liquid, and with through-holes 8a and 8b communicating respectively with the electrodes 2a and 2b of each group of electrode pair.
  • a channel body 9 which is designed to be contactingly superimposed on the multi-ion sensor plate main body 5 and consists of a polyester film provided with through-holes 6a to 6e and 6'a to 6'e communicating with the silver chloride layers 4a and 4b of each group of electrode pair, respectively, with an elongated hole constituting a liquid
  • ion-sensitive film-forming solution containing various kinds of ion-sensitive material such as a large cyclic compound called ionophore or an ion-exchange resin are individually applied through these through-holes 6a to 6e and 6'a to 6'e to the surfaces of silver chloride layers 4a and 4b, and then dried to form five kinds of different ion-sensitive films on the surfaces of silver chloride layers 4a and 4b.
  • the a combined body consisting of this multi-ion sensor plate main body 5 and channel body 9 is then fitted in the recessed portions 10a and 10b of a lower cell 10 formed of a transparent acrylic resin plate.
  • the resultant lower cell 10 is subsequently superimposed thereon with an upper cell 12 formed of a transparent acrylic resin via a pressure sensitive adhesive double coated tape so as to bond the lower cell 10 and the upper cell 12 to each other, thus packaging the aforementioned combined body.
  • the upper cell 12 is provided on the reverse surface thereof with a couple of channels 13 and 14 which are partitioned by a barrier wall and communicated with the through-holes 6a to 6e and 6'a to 6'e, respectively, each channel being formed of a U-shaped groove.
  • a test liquid inlet portion 15 and a reference liquid inlet portion 16 are formed to communicate respectively with one end of the channels 13 and 14.
  • a pair of air vent grooves 13a and 14a each being formed of a U-shaped groove of small width and bent into an L-shape are symmetrically disposed to communicate with the other end of the channels 13 and 14, respectively.
  • the distal ends of these air vent grooves 13a and 14a are communicated with vertical passageways 13b and 14b formed at the forward end portions of the test liquid inlet portion 15 and the reference liquid inlet portion 16, respectively.
  • the upper cell 12 is further provided with terminal-insertion holes 18a and 18b for allowing the terminals of the measuring apparatus (not shown) to be inserted therein, the location of these terminal-insertion holes 18a and 18b coinciding with the exposed terminals of the outer electrodes of the test liquid-measuring electrode 2a and the reference electrode 2b.
  • a test liquid and a reference liquid are introduced by making use of an syringe, etc. into the test liquid inlet portion 15 and the reference liquid inlet portion 16, respectively.
  • these liquids are supplied through the channels 13 and 14 to the ion-selective electrodes in the through-holes 6a to 6e and 6'a to 6'e, respectively, and at the same time, the test liquid is contacted with the reference liquid at the liquid junction portion 7.
  • the terminals of measuring apparatus are inserted into the terminal-insertion holes 18a and 18b so as to be contacted with the outer electrodes respectively, thereby measuring the ionic components of the test liquid.
  • the concentrations of 5 kinds of ion can be measured simultaneously with a single injection of these test liquid and reference liquid.
  • the electric potential to be generated can be determined by the dissociation equilibrium represented by the formula: AgX ⁇ Ag + + X - as in the case of the ordinary ion sensor.
  • the AgX constituting the underlying layer is dissolved mainly by the solubilizing power of this plasticizer, i.e. this ion-sensitive film is capable of functioning in the same manner as that of the inner electrolytic solution employed in the ordinary ion sensor.
  • the dissolving degree of the AgX layer can be controlled in a certain degree by the grain size and surface roughness of the AgX layer, and the electric potential to be generated can be controlled within a relatively limited range as made clear in our previous patent applications (Japanese Patent Applications H/1-135728 [ JP3002554 ] and H/1-222909 [ JP3087644 ].
  • the ion sensitive layer is formed by a process wherein a solution of a mixture containing a sensitive material or so-called ionophore which is selectively sensitive to an ion to be detected, and a salt such as an anion scavenger for eliminating the interference of anion originating from a test liquid or a reference liquid is prepared at first, and then coated on the surface of a matrix formed of polyvinyl chloride type resin for instance.
  • a plasticizer is concurrently mixed into the ion sensitive membrane.
  • plasticizer that has been incorporated into the ion sensitive membrane may be eluted into a test liquid or a reference liquid at the occasion of employing these liquids, or into a washing solution at the occasion of repeatedly using an ion sensor plate provided with this ion sensitive membrane. If the quantity of plasticizer thus eluted becomes large, the aforementioned ionophore and salt may also be eluted together with the elution of the plasticizer, thus deteriorating the property of the ion sensitive membrane.
  • the mixing ratio of polyvinyl chloride type resin (the matrix of the ion sensitive membrane) and the plasticizer is generally confined to at most 35% by weight and 60-65% by weight, respectively based on the total weight of the ion sensitive membrane.
  • the dissolution degree of the AgX into the ion sensitive membrane changes not only due to a transient change in the dissolving process thereof into the ion sensitive membrane, but also due to changes in environmental conditions such as ambient temperature, ambient humidity, etc., if the AgX is left to dissolve spontaneously into the ion sensitive membrane, it is almost impossible to completely control these delicate changes in conditions even if it would have been possible to control the physical property of the AgX layer as described above.
  • an ion sensor plate constituting an important component of the ion sensor is required to be subjected, after the manufacture thereof, to corrections in the initial characteristics thereof or to selection for picking up only those meeting the specification, as any discrepancy in measured values can be manifested as an error in generated potential of electrode in the inspection for quality control in the manufacturing site. Further, if any error in measurement is desired to be minimized, it is required to wait until an equilibrium state where the dissolution of AgX into the ion sensitive membrane can no more be proceeded any further is reached, thus inevitably raising the problem of cost increase in viewpoint of manufacturing steps.
  • the dissolution of AgX into the ion sensitive membrane can occur not only immediately after the manufacture of the ion sensor plate but also with the lapse of time. For example, even after 30 days, the electric potential at the interface between the AgX layer and the ion sensitive membrane may not be stabilized and the inconsitency of electric potential may become more conspicuous.
  • Hct hematocrit
  • Hct value varies depending on individual, i.e. the Hct value varies within the range of 42 to 45 in the case of adult men, and within the range of 38 to 42 in the case of adult women, and further, since there are various kinds of measuring methods, resulting in varied values depending on the method adopted, such a countermeasure has not been adopted because of poor reliability in measured values in general.
  • composition of the ion sensitive membrane becomes non-uniform, and the contacting area of the ion sensitive membrane with the underlying layer becomes insufficient, the measured values of ion concentration to be detected from a test liquid becomes inconsistent, thus failing to obtain a satisfactory measurement precision.
  • an ion sensor film is formed on an Ag/AgX electrode such as a silver/silver chloride electrode, it is required to stabilize the dissociation equilibrium of: AgX ⁇ Ag + + X- at the AgX layer.
  • a stabilizing agent may be incorporated into the ion sensitive membrane as suggested by this invention recited in the appended claims.
  • the output of the multi-ion sensor is more likely to be influenced by the electric voltage to be generated by an electric resistance at the interface of electric current passing through a measuring circuit, and hence the precision of detected value obtained from the output, i.e. the measurement precision of ion concentration which is converted from the aforementioned detected value would be badly affected.
  • the contacting area between the ion sensitive membrane and the AgX layer may be increased, or the electric resistance of the AgX layer may be minimized.
  • the particle diameter of the AgX may be reduced so as to increase the surface area of the AgX layer as is well known in the art.
  • Japanese Patent Publication H/7-2148213 JP3087644 suggests to reduce the particle diameter of the AgX to 1 ⁇ m or less.
  • the content of the plasticizer in the ion sensitive membrane may be increased so as to form an ion sensitive membrane having a sufficient pliability to conform with the fine rugged surface of the AgX layer, thereby increasing the contact area of the ion sensitive membrane.
  • the effects to be obtained by the measures to minimize the particle diameter of AgX or to increase the contacting area of the ion sensitive membrane as mentioned above are limited due to the limited area of the electrode on which the ion sensitive membrane is to be mounted. It is desired, in addition to these measures, to incorporate a potential-stabilizing agent into the ion sensitive membrane and at the same time, to modify the AgX layer per se so as to minimize the electric resistance of the AgX layer.
  • EP394990 and US5021140 disclose each an ion sensor plate as defined in lines 5-21 of claim 1.
  • the ion sensitive membrane contains the quaternary ammonium salt trioctylmethylammonium chloride as ionophore.
  • DE3438221 discloses partial reduction of a silver chloride layer on a carbon fiber to silver with subsequent application of an ion sensitive membrane.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide an ion sensor and an ion sensor plate, which are excellent in initial characteristics immediately after the manufacture thereof, minimal in inconsistency in characteristics, and capable of saving the time for carrying out the correction of the initial characteristics or the stabilization of the characteristics.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide an ion sensor and an ion sensor plate, which are capable of exhibiting a high precision measuring value not only immediately after the manufacture thereof, but also after a lapse of time.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide an ion sensor and an ion sensor plate, which are capable of maintaining the dispersion stability of submerged and dispersed substances such as hemocyte or protein reflecting the hematocrit in a test liquid to be supplied to the measuring electrode of the test liquid at the occasion of measurement so as to prevent the dispersed substances from being settled on the test liquid-measuring electrode at the occasion of measurement.
  • a fourth object of the present invention is to provide an ion sensor and an ion sensor plate, which are capable of not indicating an abnormal value in the measurement of ion concentration even if the dispersion state of the submerged and dispersed substances such as hemocyte or protein reflecting the hematocrit is changed.
  • a fifth object of the present invention is to provide an ion sensor and an ion sensor plate provided with an ion sensitive membrane having an uniform composition.
  • a sixth object of the present invention is to provide an ion sensor and an ion sensor plate provided with an ion sensitive membrane which makes it possible to increase the contacting area thereof with an underlying layer.
  • a seventh object of the present invention is to provide an ion sensor and an ion sensor plate, which enable the effect of a potential-stabilizing agent incorporated in the ion sensitive membrane to be effectively manifested.
  • An eighth object of the present invention is to provide a disposable simple-structured ion sensor and a disposable simple-structured ion sensor plate, which are capable of minimizing any bad influence even if a plasticizer, etc. is dissolved in a test liquid or a reference liquid.
  • a ninth object of the present invention is to provide an ion sensor and an ion sensor plate, which are provided with a silver/silver halide electrode which is capable of minimizing the electric resistance of a silver halide layer, and to provide a method of manufacturing these ion sensor and ion sensor plate.
  • a tenth object of the present invention is to provide an ion sensor and an ion sensor plate, which are capable of minimizing the electric resistance at the interface between the silver halide layer of a silver/silver halide electrode and an ion sensitive membrane, and to provide a method of manufacturing these ion sensor and ion sensor plate.
  • An eleventh object of the present invention is to provide an ion sensor and an ion sensor plate, which are capable of easily and readily increasing the atomic ratio of silver/halogen of a silver halide layer of a silver/silver halide electrode, and to provide a method of manufacturing these ion sensor and ion sensor plate.
  • a twelfth object of the present invention is to provide an ion sensor and an ion sensor plate, which are capable of increasing the atomic ratio of silver/halogen of a silver halide layer of a silver/silver halide electrode without leaving impurities in the silver halide layer while allowing the resistance of the silver halide layer as well as the nonuniformity in resistance thereof to be minimized, and to provide a method of manufacturing these ion sensor and ion sensor plate.
  • a thirteenth object of the present invention is to provide an ion sensor and an ion sensor plate, which enable the manipulation thereof to be easily performed, and are easy to use, simple in structure and are capable of saving the manufacturing cost, thus enhancing the productivity thereof.
  • an ion sensitive electrode In the manufacture of an ion sensitive electrode, a combined body consisting of a multi-ion sensor plate main body 5 and a channel body 9 is fabricated at first as shown in FIG. 2 . Then, a resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane which is sensitive to a specific ion and composed of a polyvinyl chloride-based resin, a plasticizer, an ion sensitive material, an electrical potential-stabilizing agent, and, if required, a salt such as an anion scavenger is dripped into the through-holes 6a and 6'a for instance among the through-holes 6a to 6e and 6'a to 6'e, the resinous solution thus dripped being subsequently allowed to dry thereby to form an ion sensitive membrane, thus obtaining an ion sensitive electrode for detecting a specific ion.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the peripheral portion around the electrode disposed on the test liquid-feeding side.
  • the reference numeral 1 denotes a glass-epoxy resin substrate; 2a, a test liquid-measuring electrode; 4a, a silver chloride layer; 3, an insulating film covering the silver chloride layer 4a except the portion which coincides with the through-hole 6a and the outer edge portion of the electrode, thus covering the surface of multi-ion sensor plate main body 5 (the same with other electrodes not shown in FIG. 1 ); 4c, a window; 9, a channel body; 6a, a through-hole; and 2d, an ion sensitive membrane.
  • the combined body consisting of the multi-ion sensor plate main body 5 and the channel body 9 as shown in FIG. 2 is fitted in the recessed portions 10a and 10b of the lower cell 10 which is made of a transparent acrylic resin.
  • an upper cell 12 made of a transparent acrylic resin is superimposed, via a double coated adhesive tape, on this lower cell 10 thereby bonding these cells with each other and packaging the aforementioned combined body.
  • test liquid and a reference liquid are introduced by means of a syringe into the test liquid inlet portion 15 and the reference liquid inlet portion 16 of the multi-ion sensor plate of this structure, respectively.
  • test liquid and reference liquid are then allowed pass through the channels 13, 14, respectively, thus supplying these liquids to the ion sensitive electrodes in the through-holes 6a to 6e and 6'a to 6'e, respectively.
  • These liquids thus supplied are then allowed to contact with each other at the liquid junction portion 7 thereby allowing these liquids to take an electrically conductive state.
  • the terminals of measuring apparatus (not shown) are inserted into terminal-introducing ports 18a and 18b so as to contacting them with each of the electrodes, thus measuring the concentrations of five different kinds of ion in the test liquid.
  • the electric potential-stabilizing agent or a material pertinent to the electric potential-stabilizing agent that may be incorporated into the ion sensitive membrane the following measures may be taken. Namely, (1) Ag + and/or X- is incorporated into the ion sensitive membrane at a concentration which corresponds at least to the concentration of Ag + or X - at the moment of dissociation equilibrium of: AgX ⁇ Ag + + X - (wherein X is a halogen atom, the same hereinafter); (2) If the X - is incorporated into the ion sensitive membrane, and the quantity of the X - incorporated becomes excessive as compared with the concentration at the moment of dissociation equilibrium thereof, the salt of silver halide AgX would be turned into AgX 1-n n complex, thus rendering it to be easily dissolved into the ion sensitive membrane.
  • AgX should be dissolved into the ion sensitive membrane up to the saturation concentration thereof; (3) If an anion scavenger (such as Na-TPB (sodium tetraphenyl borate), K-TCPB (potassium tetrakis-p-chlorophenyl borate)) is incorporated into the ion sensitive membrane so as to protect the ion sensitive membrane from being disturbed by an anion originating from the test liquid or the reference liquid, the anion scavenger may be associated with Ag + , X - or AgX 1-n n complex, provided that these ions or complex are existed in the ion sensitive membrane at a high concentration, thus forming an ion pair and hence reducing the effective concentration of these ions and complex.
  • an anion scavenger such as Na-TPB (sodium tetraphenyl borate), K-TCPB (potassium tetrakis-p-chlorophenyl borate)
  • an ionophore constituting an ion sensitive material in the ion sensitive membrane should be incorporated into the ion sensitive membrane in advance; (4) although it differs in concept from the aforementioned measures (1) to (3), the aforementioned anion scavenger is incorporated into the ion sensitive membrane at a concentration higher than that is enough to eliminate the anion originating from the test liquid or the reference liquid.
  • the Na-TPB when employed, it should be incorporated at a concentration of at least 1 x 10 -2 M/L (mole/liter) (1 x 10 -2 M/L or more).
  • the aforementioned measures (1) to (3) may be employed in combination.
  • the dissociation equilibrium of: AgX ⁇ Ag + + X - can be fixed, thus making it possible to disregard not only any slight inconsistency in dissolution quantity of Ag + or X - of the AgX layer of the electrode of individual multi-ion sensor plate into the ion sensitive membrane, but also any change in dissolution quantity of these Ag + or X - due to changes in environmental conditions.
  • the electric potential to be generated at the interface between the AgX layer and the ion sensitive membrane can be controlled within an extremely limited range.
  • the cation of the aforementioned associated ion pair can be chelated with ionophore, so that the effective concentration, in the ion sensitive membrane, of so-called potential-determining ion of Ag + , X - and AgX 1-n n complex, as well as of the complex can be increased thereby making it possible to fix the dissociation equilibrium of: AgX ⁇ Ag + + X - .
  • Na-TPB for instance is known to react with alkaline metals excluding Na and Li or with a monovalent metal ion M + thereby to produce M-TPB precipitate which is hardly soluble. Accordingly, it may be conceivable that it also reacts with Ag + thereby to produce Ag-TPB.
  • Na-TPB is incorporated into the ion sensitive membrane at a concentration as set forth in the aforementioned measurements (4), the interstitial Ag + of the AgX layer or the Ag + that has been generated from dissolution of the AgX layer is caused to react with the Na-TPB at the interface between the AgX layer ad the ion sensitive membrane thereby to produce Ag-TPB.
  • trioctylmethyl ammonium chloride may be employed. It is also possible to employ, as a supply source of Cl - , ammonium salts represented by the general formula: R 4 N + Cl - (wherein R is alkyl group, the same hereinafter), obtaining almost the same effect as that of trioctylmethyl ammonium chloride. Instead of the aforementioned ammonium salts, phosphonium salts represented by the general formula: R 4 P + Cl - may be also employed as a supply source of Cl - .
  • the X may be Br or I instead of Cl, obtaining almost the same effect as that of Cl.
  • Specific examples of such compounds can be represented by the general formulas such as R 4 N + Br - , R 4 N + I - , R 4 P + Br - , R 4 P + I - , etc.
  • polyvinyl chloride-based resin vinyl chloride resin, copolymers comprising vinyl chloride and at least one kind of vinyl type monomer such as vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, carboxyl-containing monomer, etc.
  • plasticizer a phthalic acid-based plasticizer, an aliphatic dibasic acid-based plasticizer, an ether comprising substituted or unsubstituted phenol and higher alcohol, etc. These plasticizers may be employed at any suitable ratio.
  • the upper cell 12 may be constructed such that at least the test liquid-feeding passageway for supplying a test liquid among the test liquid-feeding passageway and the reference liquid-feeding passageway is provided with a surfactant-coated film 19 which is capable of incorporating a suitable concentration of surfactant into the test liquid depending on the kind of surfactant as the test liquid passes therethrough.
  • 4a is a silver halide layer.
  • test liquid and a reference liquid are introduced by means of a syringe into the test liquid inlet portion 15 and the reference liquid inlet portion 16 of the multi-ion sensor plate, respectively.
  • test liquid and reference liquid are then allowed pass through the channels 13, 14, respectively, thus supplying these liquids to the ion sensitive electrodes in the through-holes 6a to 6e and 6'a to 6'e, respectively.
  • These liquids thus supplied are then allowed to contact with each other at the liquid junction portion 7 thereby allowing these liquids to take an electrically conductive state.
  • the terminals of measuring apparatus (not shown) are inserted into terminal-introducing ports 18a and 18b so as to contacting them with each of the electrodes, thus measuring the concentrations of five different kinds of ion in the test liquid.
  • the surfactant is incorporated into the test liquid or the reference liquid, thereby improving the dispersibility of hemocyte or protein.
  • the surfactant is incorporated into the test liquid or the reference liquid, thereby improving the dispersibility of hemocyte or protein.
  • the passageways 13 and 14 are coated with a surfactant.
  • a multi-ion sensor plate where the upper cell shown in FIG. 2 is employed as it is, except that the aforementioned surfactant is not coated on the passageways.
  • the measurement with this multi-ion sensor plate is performed in the same manner as described above by making use of a mixture containing a surfactant which has been incorporated into at least the test liquid among the test liquid and the reference liquid at a suitable concentration depending on the kind of surfactant.
  • the surfactant is simply coated on the passageways or incorporated into a test liquid, the operation thereof is very easy and the structure of the sensor is also simple, so that this operation can be applied to the conventional ion sensor and ion sensor plate without substantially altering the manner of employment or the manufacturing steps.
  • surfactant may be understood as meaning “surfactant for maintaining the dispersibility of materials (hemocyte or other similar substances) included in a test liquid, thereby preventing the materials from being precipitated (settled)".
  • the condition for comparing with the case where the passageway for the test liquid is also coated similarly with the surfactant can be made consistent.
  • the condition for comparing with the case where the surfactant is included in the test liquid can be made consistent.
  • alkyl sulfate ester alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, alkylsulfosuccinate, alkyldiphenyl ether disulfonate, alkyl phosphate, polyoxyethylene alkyl or alkyl allyl sulfate ester, naphthalene sulfonic acid/formalin condensate, special polycarbonic acid type polymer surfactant, polyoxyethylene alkylphosphate, other kinds of anionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene alkylether, polyoxyethylene alkylallylether, polyoxyethylene derivatives, oxyethylene/oxypropylene block polymer, sorbitan aliphatic acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan aliphatic acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitol aliphatic acid ester, glycerine aliphatic acid ester, polyoxyethylene
  • a resinous solution containing a plasticizer at ratio of 65 to 80% by weight, preferably 65 to 78% by weight, more preferably 70 to 75% by weight based on the total of non-volatile matters of the solution (the entire weight of ion sensitive membrane after the drying thereof) for forming an ion-sensitive film responding to a specific ion is dripped into the through-holes 6a and 6'a of the channel body shown in FIG. 2 , and then dried to form an ion-sensitive film for a specific ion, thereby forming an ion sensitive electrode.
  • the reference symbol 2d denotes an ion sensitive membrane which is obtained by the dripping of the aforementioned resinous solution.
  • the reference symbol 4a in FIG. 1 denotes a silver halide layer.
  • Other reference symbols represent constituent members as seen in the explanation of FIG. 1 .
  • various different kinds of resinous solution for forming different kinds of ion sensitive membrane are then dripped into each pair of the through-holes 6b and 6'b, 6c and 6'c, 6d and 6'd, and 6e and 6'e, these resinous solutions thus dripped being subsequently allowed to dry thereby obtaining various kinds of ion sensitive electrode each provided with a specific kind of ion sensitive membrane.
  • test liquid and a reference liquid are respectively introduced by means of a syringe into the test liquid inlet portion 15 and the reference liquid inlet portion 16 of the multi-ion sensor plate provided with the aforementioned ion sensitive electrodes, having a structure as shown in FIG. 2 and assembled in this manner.
  • test liquid and reference liquid are then allowed pass through the channels 13, 14, respectively, thus supplying these liquids to the ion sensitive electrodes in the through-holes 6a to 6e and 6'a to 6'e, respectively.
  • These liquids thus supplied are then allowed to contact with each other at the liquid junction portion 7 thereby allowing these liquids to take an electrically conductive state.
  • the terminals of measuring apparatus (not shown) are inserted into terminal-introducing ports 18a and 18b so as to contacting them with each of the electrodes, thus measuring the concentrations of five different kinds of ion in the test liquid.
  • the plasticizer contained in the solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane functions as a so-called poor solvent which is relatively low in solubility to a polyvinyl chloride-based resin, so that by increasing the content of the plasticizer in relative to the resin, the dispersibility of the resin and other additives in relative to the plasticizer can be enhanced. Accordingly, even if a coated film is formed by the process comprising the steps of dripping of this solution and air-drying the dripped solution thereby allowing the solvent to evaporate, a convection can be hardly generated in the surface or interior of the coated film, thus making it possible to prevent the aforementioned orange peel from being generated.
  • the dispersibility of these ionophore, salts, aforementioned electric potential-stabilizing material that have been added can be excellently maintained, and at the same time, the fluidity of the coated film can be maintained, thus making it possible to obtain a film of more uniform composition.
  • the ion sensitive membrane containing a large quantity of a plasticizer in relative to polyvinyl chloride resin as mentioned above is excellent in flexibility, thus increasing the contacting area thereof with the underlying silver chloride layer. Accordingly, the electric potential-stabilizing material, ionophore, etc. that have been included in the ion sensitive membrane can be effectively acted so as to control the ion sensitive membrane in such a manner that the chemical equilibrium of the silver halide, etc. can be stabilized.
  • the initial characteristics of the ion sensor can be improved, and at the same time, the electric potential at the interface between the silver halide layer and the ion sensitive membrane can be readily stabilized, thus making it possible to minimize the inconsistency of the initial characteristics of the ion sensor as well as the inconsistency of the values measured.
  • the stabilization of the initial characteristics of the sensor can be finished within a shorter period of time, the examination thereof can be also finished within a shorter period of time. Further, if the inconsistency of the initial characteristics of the sensor is minimized, the yield of the sensor can be improved.
  • the silver chloride layer 4a shown in FIG. 1 is replaced by a modified silver chloride layer 4a (details thereof is not shown).
  • This modified silver chloride layer 4a can be formed by a process wherein a silver plating is performed on the copper foil of the test liquid-measuring electrode 2a, and then a silver halide layer formed of particles having a diameter of 1 ⁇ m or slightly larger than 1 ⁇ m is formed by means of anodic oxidation employing electrolysis, the resultant silver halide layer being subsequently reduced so as to increase the ratio of silver by making use of physical reduction means employing ultraviolet ray or a beam involving ultraviolet ray which is capable of reducing silver ion, or by making use of etching means employing a solution of a chloride.
  • other modified silver halide layers 4a and 4b shown in FIG. 2 can be formed in the same manner as described above.
  • the halogen ion to be employed in this case should preferably be chloride ion, which is commonly employed, readily evaporated in the form of volatile gas, and easy in handling.
  • the diameter of the silver halide crystal of the silver halide layer can be controlled to not more than 1 ⁇ m, preferably not more than 0.8 ⁇ m, more preferably not more than 0.7 ⁇ m. It is also possible to control the grain size of silver by means of reduction. It is also possible to increase the atomic ratio between the silver and halogen (Ag/X) of the crystals of the silver chloride layer, i.e. the atomic ratio (Ag/X) can be controlled to not less than 1.2, preferably not less than 1.3, more preferably not less than 1.6.
  • the surface area thereof can be increased, thus enlarging the contacting area thereof with the ion sensitive membrane. Further, when the ratio of this reduced silver is increased, the conductivity of electron can be improved, thus making it possible to decrease the electric resistance thereof.
  • a resinous solution containing a plasticizer at ratio of 65 to 80% by weight, preferably 65 to 78% by weight, more preferably 70 to 75% by weight based on the total of non-volatile matters of the solution (the entire weight of ion sensitive membrane after the drying thereof) for forming an ion-sensitive film responding to a specific ion is dripped into the through-holes 6a and 6'a of the channel body shown in FIG. 2 , and then dried to form an ion-sensitive film for a specific ion, thereby forming an ion sensitive electrode.
  • the reference symbol 2d denotes an ion sensitive membrane which is obtained by the dripping of the aforementioned resinous solution.
  • the reference symbol 4a in FIG. 1 denotes a silver halide layer.
  • Other reference symbols represent constituent members as seen in the explanation of FIG. 1 .
  • various different kinds of resinous solution for forming different kinds of ion sensitive membrane are then dripped into each pair of the through-holes 6b and 6'b, 6c and 6'c, 6d and 6'd, and 6e and 6'e, these resinous solutions thus dripped being subsequently allowed to dry thereby obtaining various kinds of ion sensitive electrode each provided with a specific kind of ion sensitive membrane.
  • the resultant ion sensitive membrane containing a large quantity of the plasticizer in relative to polyvinyl chloride resin is excellent in flexibility.
  • test liquid and a reference liquid are respectively introduced by means of a syringe into the test liquid inlet portion 15 and the reference liquid inlet portion 16 of the multi-ion sensor plate provided with the aforementioned ion sensitive electrodes, having a structure as shown in FIG. 2 and assembled in this manner.
  • test liquid and reference liquid are then allowed pass through the channels 13, 14, respectively, thus supplying these liquids to the ion sensitive electrodes in the through-holes 6a to 6e and 6'a to 6'e, respectively.
  • These liquids thus supplied are then allowed to contact with each other at the liquid junction portion 7 thereby allowing these liquids to take an electrically conductive state.
  • the terminals of measuring apparatus (not shown) are inserted into terminal-introducing ports 18a and 18b so as to contacting them with each of the electrodes, thus measuring the concentrations of five different kinds of ion in the test liquid.
  • a resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane was prepared by simultaneously mixing the following components.
  • GKT matrix
  • This resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane was dripped onto the silver chloride layers 4a and 4b through the through-holes 6a and 6'a as explained in reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 , whereby forming coated layers which were then air-dried to form a sodium sensitive film functioning as an ion-sensitive film 2d.
  • the multi-ion sensor plate having a structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was prepared in total of 20 pieces. Then, by making use of the multi-ion sensor plates immediately after the manufacture thereof and also the multi-ion sensor plates which were left to stand for 30 days after the manufacture thereof, the electric potential of each sample sensor plate was measured according to the aforementioned measuring method using an aqueous solution containing 140mM NaCl as a test liquid, and a prescribed reference liquid as a reference liquid. Subsequently, the standard deviation of the measured values was calculated, the results being shown in Table 1 as "Initial Value” and "Value after 30 days".
  • This example belongs to the case where the aforementioned measures (1) and (2) were co-used.
  • a resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane was prepared using the following components.
  • GKT matrix
  • NPOE (2-nitrophenyloctyl ether)
  • plasticizer 0.2g
  • Vasophenanthroline chelating agent
  • Silver chloride powder mg Bis(12-crown-4) (Na ionophore) 13.26mg Na-TPB (sodium tetrakisphenyl borate) (anion scavenger) 0.39mg THF (tetrahydrofran) (solvent) 2mL
  • This resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane was prepared by a process wherein vasophenanthroline and silver chloride powder were added to NPOE to obtain a mixture, which was then stirred for 12 hours. Subsequently, the resultant supernatant was taken out and then mixed with GKT, Na-TPB, Bis(12-crown-4) and THF, thereby allowing these additives to be sufficiently dissolved in the supernatant.
  • vasophenanthroline is employed for chelating Ag + from the silver chloride powder thereby releasing Cl - .
  • Multi-ion sensor plates each provided with a sodium ion sensitive membrane were prepared in the same manner as explained in Example 1 except that this resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane was employed.
  • the multi-ion sensor plate having a structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was prepared in total of 20 pieces. Then, by making use of the multi-ion sensor plates in the same manner as explained in Example 1, the electric potential corresponding to a sodium ion concentration was measured. Subsequently, the standard deviation was calculated from the measured values, the results being shown in Table 1.
  • This example belongs to the case where the aforementioned measures (1) and (3) were co-used.
  • Multi-ion sensor plates each provided with a sodium ion sensitive membrane were prepared in the same manner as explained in Example 1 except that a resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane was prepared by the following procedures.
  • resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane was prepared by a process wherein trioctylmethyl ammonium chloride was dissolved in NPOE to obtain a solution, to which AgCl powder was added and stirred for 12 hours. Subsequently, the resultant supernatant of the mixed solution was taken out and then mixed with GKT, Na-TPB, Bis(12-crown-4) and THF, thereby allowing these additives to be sufficiently dissolved in the supernatant.
  • This example belongs to the case where the aforementioned measures (1), (2) and (3) were co-used.
  • a resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane was prepared by simultaneously mixing the following components.
  • GKT matrix
  • NPOE (2-nitrophenyloctyl ether)
  • plasticizer 0.2g
  • Bis(12-crown-4) Na ionophore
  • 13.26mg Na-TPB sodium tetrakisphenyl borate
  • anion scavenger 1 x 10 -2 M
  • 0.39mg THF tetrahydrofran
  • Multi-ion sensor plates each provided with a sodium ion sensitive membrane were prepared in the same manner as explained in Example 1 except that this resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane was employed.
  • This example belongs to the case where the aforementioned measures (4) was employed.
  • Multi-ion sensor plates each provided with a sodium ion sensitive membrane were prepared in the same manner as explained in Example 1 except that trioctylemethyl ammonium chloride was not employed.
  • the aforementioned supernatant contained quaternary amine salt and AgCl, it could be disregarded as the quantity thereof was minimal, thus making it possible to assume this supernatant as being 250mg of a plasticizer, and to assume it as being about 60% by weight based on the non-volatile matters (ion sensitive membrane).
  • This resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane was dripped onto the silver chloride layers 4a and 4b through the through-holes 6a and 6'a as explained in reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 , whereby forming coated layers which were then air-dried to form a sodium ion sensitive membrane functioning as an ion-sensitive film 2d.
  • the inner surfaces of the passageways 13 and 14 of the upper cell 12 (on the inner surface of the passageway 13 is shown, the structure is the same in the case of the inner surface of the passageway 14) were coated with an ethanol solution containing KF-6004 (terminal-reactive silicone oil; nonionic surfactant available from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) at a concentration of 0.1g/L, and dried to obtain a coated surfactant film 19.
  • KF-6004 terminal-reactive silicone oil; nonionic surfactant available from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
  • a multi-ion sensor plate having a structure as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 was prepared in the same manner as explained above except that the aforementioned procedures were performed.
  • the samples of the test liquid were prepared using the whole blood of house (thoroughbred), which was subsequently subjected to centrifugal separation so as to separate it into hemocyte and plasma, and then the quantity of plasma was varied.
  • the samples were then measured by means of a capillary method, thereby obtaining values of Hct%, which were found varied as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the solid line and the dotted line shown in FIG. 4 represent average values of two data on the value of Hct % in each sample.
  • the aforementioned supernatant contained quaternary amine salt and AgCl, it could be disregarded as the quantity thereof was minimal, thus making it possible to assume this supernatant as being 250mg of a plasticizer, and to assume it as being about 60% by weight based on the non-volatile matters (ion sensitive membrane).
  • This resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane was dripped onto the silver chloride layers 4a and 4b through the through-holes 6a and 6'a in the same manner as explained in Example 5, whereby forming coated layers which were then air-dried to form a potassium ion sensitive membrane functioning as an ion-sensitive film 2d.
  • a multi-ion sensor plate was prepared in the same manner as explained in Example 5 except that the aforementioned ion sensitive membrane was employed.
  • 0.8mg of quarternary amine salt such as trioctylmethyl ammonium chloride was added to 2g of NPOE (2-nitrophenyloctyl ether) (plasticizer) to obtain a mixture, to which 10mg of AgCl powder (electric potential-stabilizing agent) was added and stirred.
  • the ratio of NPOE in the non-volatile matters of the composition (excluding THF) employed for this ion sensitive membrane-forming resinous solution was 55% by weight.
  • This resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane was dripped onto the silver chloride layers 4a and 4b through the through-holes 6a and 6'a in the same manner as explained in Example 1, whereby forming coated layers which were then air-dried to form a sodium ion sensitive membrane functioning as an ion-sensitive film 2d.
  • a multi-ion sensor plate was prepared in the same manner as explained in Example 5 except that the aforementioned ion sensitive membrane was employed. Then, by making use of this multi-ion sensor plate, the sodium ion concentration was measured to obtain the results shown in FIG. 6 by a solid line.
  • the solid line and the dotted line shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 represent average values of five data on the value of Hct % in each sample.
  • the multi-ion sensor plate where a surfactant was coated on the passageways of the upper cell indicated a constant ion concentration irrespective of the values of Hct%.
  • a surfactant in the case of Comparative Example 2 shown in FIG. 4 , calcium ion concentration was lowered approximately in proportion to an increase in value of Hct%.
  • each ion concentration was increased in proportion to an increase in value of Hct%.
  • test liquid having an Hct% value of at least 40%.
  • a test liquid indicating the Hct% value of at least 20% should be employed. It is generally preferable to employ a test liquid indicating the Hct% value of at least 20% or at least 40%.
  • This resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane was dripped onto the silver chloride layers 4a and 4b through the through-holes 6a and 6'a in the same manner as explained in Example 1, whereby forming coated layers which were then air-dried to form a potassium ion sensitive membrane functioning as an ion-sensitive film 2d.
  • the multi-ion sensor plate having a structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was prepared in total of 20 pieces. Then, by making use of the multi-ion sensor plates immediately after the manufacture thereof, the electric potential of each sample sensor plate was measured according to the aforementioned measuring method using an aqueous solution containing 4mM KCl as a test liquid, and a prescribed reference liquid as a reference liquid. Subsequently, the standard deviation ( ⁇ (mV)) was calculated, the results being shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the actual value of potassium ion concentration was obtained by applying the measured value of electric potential to the relationship between the electric potential and the concentration that had been prepared in advance (the same hereinafter).
  • Multi-ion sensor plates of Examples 9 and 10 each provided with a potassium ion sensitive membrane containing 70% by weight or 80% by weight of a plasticizer, were manufactured in the same manner as explained in Example 8 except that the quantity of PVC employed was 95mg or 50mg. Thereafter, the electric potential of each multi-ion sensor plate was measured in the same manner as in the case of Example 8. Then, standard deviation was also calculated from these measured values as shown in FIG. 7 .
  • PLASTICIZER (wt%) 75 70 80 40 50 60 PVC (mg) (RESIN) 72 95 50 350 235 155 DOA (mg) (PLASTICIZE) 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 VALINOMYCIN (IONOPHORE) 14 14 14 14 14 14 K-TCPB (mg) (ANION SCAVENGER) 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 DOA (mg) DENOTES THEWEIGHT OF SUPERNATANT OF MIXTURE OF Agcl, QUATERNARY AMINE SALT AND DOA.
  • This resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane was dripped onto the silver chloride layers 4a and 4b through the through-holes 6a and 6'a in the same manner as explained in Example 8, whereby forming coated layers which were then air-dried to form a sodium ion sensitive membrane functioning as an ion-sensitive film 2d.
  • multi-ion sensor plates were prepared in total of 20 pieces. Then, by making use of the multi-ion sensor plates immediately after the manufacture thereof, the electric potential of each sample sensor plate was measured according to the aforementioned measuring method using an aqueous solution containing 140mM NaCl as a test liquid, and a prescribed reference liquid as a reference liquid. Subsequently, the standard deviation ( ⁇ (mV)) was calculated, the results being shown in FIG. 8 .
  • Multi-ion sensor plates of Comparative Examples 8 to 10 each provided with a potassium ion sensitive membrane containing 40% by weight, 50% by weight or 60% by weight of a plasticizer, were manufactured in the same manner as explained in Example 11 except that the quantity of PVC employed was 350mg, 235mg or 155mg. Thereafter, the electric potential of each multi-ion sensor plate was measured in the same manner as in the case of Example 8. Then, standard deviation was also calculated from these measured values as shown in FIG. 8 . Table 3 EX. 11 EX. 12 EX.
  • the dotted line denotes a modified reference line
  • the solid line denotes a sequence of values of the standard deviation ( ⁇ (mV)) which are linked with each other and obtained from the above Comparative Examples 7 and 10 where the quantity of the plasticizer is 60% by weight and from Example where the quantity of the plasticizer is 65% by weight or more
  • the dot and dash line denotes a sequence of values of the standard deviation ( ⁇ (mV)) which are linked with each other and obtained from the above Comparative Examples where the quantity of the plasticizer is less than 60% by weight. If the value of the standard deviation ( ⁇ (mV)) is lower in relative the modified reference line, it indicates an improvement in performance of the sensor.
  • the electrode of the multi-ion sensor plate main body 5 shown in FIG. 2 will be explained with reference to FIG. 1 or the electrode which is disposed on the side where a test liquid is supplied.
  • a silver plating was performed on the copper foil of the test liquid-measuring electrode 2a.
  • an anodic oxidation treatment was performed in a hydrochloric acid solution at an anode current density of 0.23A/dm 2 for 2 minutes 40 seconds, thereby forming a silver chloride layer which was composed of silver chloride particles each having a diameter of about 1 ⁇ m (the value as measured by means of scanning electron microscope).
  • ultraviolet rays intensity: 70 mW/cm 2
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a photograph which was taken by using the scanning electron microscope after the irradiation of ultraviolet rays.
  • the particle diameter of the silver chloride layer after the irradiation of ultraviolet rays was in the range of 0.2 ⁇ m to 0.7 ⁇ m.
  • EDS energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, an energy dispersive element detector
  • the electrode to be disposed on the test liquid-supplying side could be prepared in this manner. Accordingly, the other electrode to be disposed on the reference liquid-supplying side and to be paired with the aforementioned electrode was also prepared in the same manner as mentioned above, and then, other pairs of electrodes were prepared in the same manner as mentioned above. Thereafter, the multi-ion sensor plate main body 5 and channel body 9 was bonded together as shown in FIG. 2 to obtain a combined body.
  • the ratio of DOA in the non-volatile matters of the composition (excluding THF) employed for this ion sensitive membrane-forming resinous solution could be approximated as being 75% by weight.
  • This resinous solution for forming an ion sensitive membrane was dripped onto the silver chloride layers 4a and 4b through the through-holes 6a and 6'a in the same manner as explained in Example 1, whereby forming coated layers which were then air-dried to form a potassium ion sensitive membrane functioning as an ion-sensitive film 2d.
  • the multi-ion sensor plate having a structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was prepared in total of 20 pieces. Then, by making use of the multi-ion sensor plates immediately after the manufacture thereof, the electric potential of each sample sensor plate was measured according to the aforementioned measuring method using an aqueous solution containing 4mM KCl as a test liquid, and a prescribed reference liquid as a reference liquid. Subsequently, the standard deviation ( ⁇ (mV)) was calculated, the results being shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the actual value of potassium ion concentration was obtained by applying the measured value of electric potential to the relationship between the electric potential and the concentration that had been prepared in advance (the same hereinafter).
  • Example 14 The same procedures as explained in Example 14 were repeated except that the irradiation of the ultraviolet rays was performed under the conditions of: 70 mW/cm 2 and 30 seconds, thereby obtaining the Ag/Cl ratio of the modified silver chloride layer and the values of electric resistance, the results being shown in Table 4 and FIG. 12 , respectively. Further, in the same manner as illustrated in Example 1 except that the silver chloride layer was prepared as mentioned above, the multi-ion sensor plates were prepared in total of 20 pieces. Thereafter, the electric potential of each multi-ion sensor plate was measured in the same manner as in the case of Example 1, and then, the standard deviation thereof was calculated from these measured values as shown in FIG. 13 .
  • Example 14 The same procedures as explained in Example 14 were repeated wherein the silver chloride layer was immersed for 5 hours in a solution containing chlorine ion at a concentration of 10mM (trioctylmethyl ammonium chloride) thereby slightly dissolving (etching) the grain boundary of the silver chloride. This procedures were performed under sun light thereby to form a modified silver chloride layer.
  • the photograph showing this particle size which was taken by means of scanning electron microscope is shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the particle diameter of the particles of this modified silver chloride layer after this etching treatment was in the range of 0.4 to 0.8 ⁇ m.
  • the atomic ratio of Ag/Cl of the silver chloride layer was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 14, the results being shown in Table 4.
  • FIG. 12 shows the values of resistance measured on the modified silver chloride layer.
  • Example 14 The same procedures as explained in Example 14 were repeated except that the irradiation of ultraviolet rays was omitted and the subsequent procedures were performed under sun light thereby to form the electrodes.
  • the photograph showing this particle size which was taken by means of scanning electron microscope is shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the particle diameter of the particles of this silver chloride layer was about 1 ⁇ m.
  • the atomic ratio of Ag/Cl of the silver chloride layer was analyzed, the results being shown in Table 4.
  • FIG. 12 shows the values of resistance measured on the silver chloride layer.
  • Example 14 indicated most preferable results in all aspects of measurement.
  • the results obtained by Example 15 were superior than those of Example 16.
  • the results obtained in Example 16 were superior than those of Comparative Example 11, thus indicating that the larger the effect of the irradiation of ultraviolet rays was, the more excellent in performance thereof.
  • the particle diameter of the modified silver chloride layer may be in the range of 0.2 ⁇ m to 0.7 ⁇ m, 0.2 ⁇ m to 0.8 ⁇ m, 0.4 ⁇ m to 0.7 ⁇ m, or 0.4 ⁇ m to 0.8 ⁇ m.
  • the Ag/X ratio may be in the range of 1.2 to 1.6, 1.3 to 1.6, or more than 1.6 (in the presence of silver halide layer).
  • the modification of the silver halide layer is performed by means of reduction.
  • the reduction is performed for the purpose of increasing the ratio of silver in the silver halide layer (AgX). Therefore, any means which is capable of reducing silver ion into silver can be employed.
  • a physical reduction means employing ultraviolet rays or a beam including ultraviolet rays (a beam mainly including ultraviolet rays or the natural light), or a chemical reduction means employing a reducing agent can be employed.
  • the reduction treatment can be performed easily and readily.
  • any chemicals are required to be employed if only light is employed in this treatment, a modified silver halide layer which is free from any impurities, low in resistance and minimal in consistency of performance would be obtained.
  • a solution containing a halogen a nonaqueous chloride solution such as an alcoholic solution of an organic chloride which is capable of supplying a halogen ion may be suited for moderately performing the etching thus enabling an easy control of the etching degree, but other chloride solution can be also employed
  • a halogen a nonaqueous chloride solution such as an alcoholic solution of an organic chloride which is capable of supplying a halogen ion may be suited for moderately performing the etching thus enabling an easy control of the etching degree, but other chloride solution can be also employed
  • an halogen ion and a complex AgX 2 - will be generated from the silver halide, thereby dissolving the grain boundary, erasing the crystal and minimizing the grain diameter.
  • the underlying silver layer may be exposed from the grain boundary thus dissolved, and hence the Ag/Cl ratio can be increased in the reducing treatment.
  • the grain size of the silver halide of the modified silver halide layer is minimized this manner, the contacting area thereof with the ion sensitive membrane would be increased, and at the same time, the ratio of silver in the silver halide layer would be increased, thus improving the conductivity of the silver halide layer containing silver halide which is inherently insulative.
  • an electric potential-stabilizing agent or a material pertinent to the electric potential-stabilizing agent is incorporated into an ion sensitive membrane for the purpose of minimizing the electric resistance of the modified silver halide layer, and at the same time, for the purpose of suitably inhibiting the constituent materials for the dissociation equilibrium of AgX (AgX ⁇ Ag + + X - ) from being dissolved into the ion sensitive membrane, thus stabilizing (fixing) the dissociation equilibrium.
  • the stabilization of the electric potential at the interface between the modified silver halide layer and the ion sensitive membrane can be readily performed, thus making it possible to minimize any inconsistency in electric potential, to keep an excellent measurement precision not only immediately after the manufacture thereof but also after a lapse of time, and to save the manufacturing cost.
  • an electric potential-stabilizing agent or a material pertinent to the electric potential-stabilizing agent is incorporated into an ion sensitive membrane, it has become possible to provide an ion sensor and an ion sensor plate, which are excellent in initial characteristics immediately after the manufacture thereof, minimal in inconsistency in characteristics, capable of saving the time for carrying out the correction of the initial characteristics or the stabilization of the characteristics, and capable of exhibiting a high precision measuring value not only immediately after the manufacture thereof, but also after a lapse of time, thus making it possible to save the manufacturing cost.
  • the test liquid contains a surfactant to such an extent that it can be supplied to the test liquid-measuring electrode.
  • a surfactant to such an extent that it can be supplied to the test liquid-measuring electrode.
  • an ion sensor and an ion sensor plate which are simple in structure, excellent in productivity, capable of maintaining the dispersion stability of submerged and dispersed substances such as hemocyte or protein reflecting the hematocrit in a test liquid to be supplied to the measuring electrode of the test liquid at the occasion of measurement so as to prevent the dispersed substances from being settled on the test liquid-measuring electrode at the occasion of measurement.
  • an ion sensor and an ion sensor plate which are capable of not indicating an abnormal value in the measurement of ion concentration, thus making it possible to measure the ion concentration with high precision.
  • a plasticizer is incorporated into the ion sensitive membrane at a ratio of 65 to 80% by weight.
  • a plasticizer is incorporated into the ion sensitive membrane at a ratio of 65 to 80% by weight.
  • this invention is applicable to a disposable simple-structured ion sensor and a disposable simple-structured ion sensor plate, which are capable of minimizing any bad influence even if a plasticizer, etc. is dissolved in a test liquid or a reference liquid.
  • the Ag/Cl ratio of the modified silver halide layer is selected to be at least 1.2, it is now possible to minimize the electric resistance of the modified silver halide layer. Furthermore, since the particle diameter of the modified silver halide layer is controlled to 1 ⁇ m or less, the contacting area thereof with the ion sensitive membrane can be increased, thus making it possible to minimize the electric resistance at the interface between the silver halide layer and the ion sensitive membrane.
  • the invention set forth hereinabove can be applied to various kinds of ion sensor and electrode cell.
  • the invention set forth hereinabove can be applied to a flow-type ion sensor comprising; at least one measuring electrode cell provided with a test liquid-feeding passageway and with a measuring electrode placed enabling a test liquid passing through said test liquid-feeding passageway to be contacted with the measuring electrode through an ion sensitive membrane sensitive to a specific ion; and a reference electrode cell provided with a test liquid-feeding passageway and with a reference electrode placed enabling a test liquid passing through said test liquid-feeding passageway to be contacted with the reference electrode through a reference liquid-measuring membrane; said measuring electrode cell and said reference electrode cell being communicated with each other through said passageway provided in each of them, thereby enabling to measure a potential difference between said reference electrode and said measuring electrode while allowing a test liquid to pass through said test liquid-feeding passageway communicating said measuring electrode cell with said reference electrode cell; wherein said flow-type ion

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Claims (4)

  1. Verwendung eines elektrisches Potential stabilisierenden Agens in einer ionensensitiven Membran einer Ionensensorplatine,
    wobei die Ionensensorplatine
    einen Ionensensorplatinen-Hauptkörper (5) mit einem Substrat, der auf dem Substrat mit zumindest einer Elektrodenpaar-Gruppe ausgestattet ist, wobei jede Gruppe aus einer flüssigkeitsmessenden Testelektrode (2a) und einer Referenzelektrode (2b) besteht, die jeweils mit einer Silberhalogenidschicht (4a, 4b), die auf einer Silberschicht ausgebildet ist, und mit der ionensensitiven Membran (2d), die auf der Silberhalogenidschicht (4a, 4b) ausgebildet ist, ausgestattet sind, wobei keine innere Elektrolytlösung bereit gestellt ist;
    eine obere Zelle, die ausgestaltet ist, um einen geschlossenen Kanal (13), um der tlüssigkeitsmessenden Testelektrode (2a) eine Testflüssigkeit zuzuführen, und einen geschlossenen Kanal (14) zu bilden, um der Referenzelektrode (2b) eine Referenzflüssigkeit zuzuführen, und die mit einem Einlassabschnitt (15) für Testflüssigkeit, der mit dem geschlossenen Kanal (13) zum Zuführen der Testflüssigkeit in Verbindung steht, und mit einem Einlassabschnitt (16) für Referenzflüssigkeit, der mit dem geschlossenen Kanal (14) zum Zuführen der Referenzflüssigkeit in Verbindung steht, ausgestattet ist;
    und einen Flüssigkeitseinmündungsabschnitt (7), der in dem Hauptkörper (5) der Ionensensorplatine ausgebildet ist und der gestaltet ist, um die durch die jeweiligen Kanäle (13, 14) zugeführten Testflüssigkeit und Referenzflüssigkeit miteinander in Kontakt treten zu lassen, aufweist,
    um ein elektrisches Potential an einer Grenzschicht zwischen der Silberhalogenidschicht (4a, 4b) und der ionensensitiven Membran (2d) zu stabilisieren,
    wobei das das elektrische Potential stabilisierende Agens, das in der ionensensitiven Membran enthalten ist, aus einem Halogen-Ion und/oder einem Silber-Ion oder einer Verbindung zusammengesetzt ist, die geeignet ist, ein Halogen-Ion und/oder ein Silber-Ion zu dissoziieren, ,
    wobei die Silberhalogenidschicht (4a, 4b) aus Partikeln auf der Silberschicht mittels anodischer Oxidation gebildet wird, die resultierende Silberhalogenidschicht nachfolgend reduziert wird, um das Verhältnis von Silber und Halogen in einer Weise zu erhöhen, dass das Atomverhältnis von Silber und Halogen: Ag/Cl zumindest 1,2 beträgt, wie durch EDS messbar ist, und
    dass ein Partikeldurchmesser des Silberhalogenids und des Silbers in der reduzierten Silberhalogenidschicht (4a, 4b) höchstens 1 µm ist, wie durch SEM messbar ist.
  2. Verwendung eines das elektrische Potential stabilisierenden Agens nach Anspruch 1, wobei das das elektrische Potential stabilisierende Agens Silberhalogenid ist.
  3. Verwendung eines das elektrische Potential stabilisierenden Agens nach Anspruch 1, wobei zumindest ein Teil des geschlossenen Kanals (13) zum Zuführen der Testflüssigkeit unter diesen geschlossenen Kanälen (13, 14) zum Zuführen der Testflüssigkeit und der Referenzflüssigkeit, mit einem beschichteten Film (14) eines grenzflächenaktiven Stoffs ausgestattet ist, der geeignet ist, den grenzflächenaktiven Stoff der Testflüssigkeit zuzugeben, wenn die Testflüssigkeit die geschlossenen Känale (13) zum Zuführen der Testflüssigkeit durchläuft.
  4. Verwendung eines das elektrische Potential stabilisierenden Agens nach Anspruch 1, wobei die ionensensitive Membran (2d) zumindest eine Matrix, einen Weichmacher zum Plastifizieren der Matrix und ein ionensensitives Material enthält, wobei der Gehalt des Weichmachers 65 bis 80 Gew.-% basierend auf der ionensensitiven Membran beträgt.
EP98310771A 1997-12-29 1998-12-29 Verwendung einer potentialstabilisierenden Komponente in einer ionensensitiven Membran Expired - Lifetime EP0927884B1 (de)

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JP36780897A JP3350810B2 (ja) 1997-12-29 1997-12-29 イオンセンサ及びイオンセンサプレート
JP36780897 1997-12-29

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DE10353938A1 (de) * 2003-11-18 2005-06-23 Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh Sensorkarte zur Bestimmung von Analyten in Flüssigkeits- oder Gasproben und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Sensorkarte
DE102004064109C5 (de) 2004-08-23 2019-03-21 Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh Verwendung einer Zylinderkopfdichtung
RU2546045C1 (ru) * 2013-11-07 2015-04-10 Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Саратовский Государственный Университет Имени Н.Г. Чернышевского" Ионоселективная мембрана для определения ионных поверхностно-активных веществ
JP2019138884A (ja) * 2018-02-15 2019-08-22 アークレイ株式会社 イオン選択性電極、試験片、および分析装置

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EP0927884A3 (de) 2001-07-04
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US6328866B1 (en) 2001-12-11
JP3350810B2 (ja) 2002-11-25
EP0927884A2 (de) 1999-07-07

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