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EP0919768B1 - Burner for the operation of a heat generator - Google Patents

Burner for the operation of a heat generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0919768B1
EP0919768B1 EP97810907A EP97810907A EP0919768B1 EP 0919768 B1 EP0919768 B1 EP 0919768B1 EP 97810907 A EP97810907 A EP 97810907A EP 97810907 A EP97810907 A EP 97810907A EP 0919768 B1 EP0919768 B1 EP 0919768B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner according
burner
radius
flow
swirl generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97810907A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0919768A1 (en
Inventor
Hans Peter Knöpfel
Thomas Ruck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom SA
Original Assignee
Alstom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom SA filed Critical Alstom SA
Priority to EP97810907A priority Critical patent/EP0919768B1/en
Priority to AT97810907T priority patent/ATE232282T1/en
Priority to DE59709281T priority patent/DE59709281D1/en
Priority to US09/196,115 priority patent/US5954490A/en
Publication of EP0919768A1 publication Critical patent/EP0919768A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0919768B1 publication Critical patent/EP0919768B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D11/00Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/74Preventing flame lift-off
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D17/00Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner for operating a heat generator according to claim 1.
  • a further premix burner has become known, in which Measures are taken to move the backflow bubble further downstream, this to get a longer premixing and evaporation distance.
  • a swirl generator acting on the head side of the premix burner which is based here on the premix burner according to EP-0 312 809 B1, a mixing tube downstream, with a transition geometry between the swirl generator and the mixing tube which is switched from transition channels to non-detachable Transfer of the swirl flow from the swirl generator into the mixing tube.
  • transition channels are arranged sectorally according to the number the inflow channels acting in the swirl generator.
  • the design of the burner outlet at the end of the mixing tube with a tear-off edge has a significant improvement in terms of Strengthening flame stability, lower pollutant emissions, lower Pulsations, complete burnout, large operating range, good cross-ignition between the different burners, compact design, improved Mixture, etc., triggered.
  • further strengthening the flame stability and an improved adaptation of the flame to the specified one Combustion chamber geometry for smooth operation at the highest Level is required in the premix combustion of the newer generation.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention as set out in the claims is characterized, the task is based on a burner at the beginning to propose precautions which strengthen the flame stability and an adaptation of the flame to the given combustion chamber geometry effect without the other benefits of this burner in any way reduce.
  • a radius is attached to the end of the mixing tube
  • the size is chosen so that the flow contacts the wall of the mixing tube and so the swirl number increases. Opposite a flow without a radius Now the backflow zone increases enormously.
  • Fig. 1 shows the overall structure of a burner operated as a premix burner becomes.
  • a swirl generator 100 is effective, the design of which is shown in FIGS the following Fig. 3-6 is shown and described in more detail. It is about in this swirl generator 100 around a conical structure, the tangential multiple is acted upon by an inflowing combustion air flow 115.
  • the flow formed here is based on a downstream of the swirl generator 100 provided transition geometry seamlessly into a transition piece 200 transferred in such a way that no detachment areas can occur there.
  • the Configuration of this transition geometry is described in more detail in FIG. 6.
  • This transition piece 200 is on the outflow side of the transition geometry extended by a mixing tube 20, both parts of the actual mixing section Form 220.
  • the mixing section 220 can be made from a single one Consist of pieces, i.e. then that the transition piece 200 and the mixing tube 20 merge into a single coherent structure, but the Characteristics of each part are retained.
  • a transition piece 200 and mixing tube 20 created from two parts these are through a sleeve ring 10 connected, the same sleeve ring 10 on the head side as anchoring surface serves for the swirl generator 100.
  • Such a sleeve ring 10 also has the advantage that different mixing tubes can be used.
  • outflow side of the mixing tube 20 is the actual combustion chamber 30 one Combustion chamber, which is only symbolized here by a flame tube.
  • the Mixing section 220 largely fulfills the task that is downstream of the swirl generator 100 a defined route is provided, in which a perfect premix of different types of fuel can be achieved.
  • This mixed route so primarily the mixing tube 20, also allows lossless Flow guidance, so that it is also in operative connection with the transition geometry initially cannot form a backflow zone or backflow bubble, with which over the length of the mixing section 220 to the mixing quality for all types of fuel Influence can be exercised.
  • this mixing section 220 still has one another property, which is that in itself the axial velocity profile has a pronounced maximum on the axis, so that backfire the flame from the combustion chamber is not possible. However, it is correct that with such a configuration this axial velocity towards the wall drops.
  • the mixing tube 20 in the flow and circumferential direction with a number of regular or irregular distributed holes 21 of various cross sections and directions provided, through which an amount of air flows into the interior of the mixing tube 20, and along the wall in the sense of a filming an increase in the flow rate induce.
  • These holes 21 can also be designed that at least additionally on the inner wall of the mixing tube 20 sets an effusion cooling.
  • these bores 21 are also possible. It is also possible for the mixing tube 20 to be intermittent to provide such holes, for example at the beginning and end of the same. These bores 21 are preferably distributed around the circumference of the mixing tube. Furthermore, the outlet of the transition channels 201 corresponds to the narrowest Flow cross-section of the mixing tube 20. The above-mentioned transition channels 201 bridging the respective cross-sectional difference without the to influence the flow formed. If the precaution chosen at the guidance of the pipe flow 40 along the mixing pipe 20 an intolerable If pressure loss triggers, this can be remedied by At the end of this mixing tube 20, a diffuser, not shown in the figure, is provided becomes.
  • a combustion chamber then closes at the end of the mixing tube 20 30 (combustion chamber), with a through between the two flow cross-sections there is a cross-sectional jump formed in the burner front. Only here does it form a central flame front with a backflow zone 50, which is opposite the Flame front has the properties of a disembodied flame holder. forms there is a flow within this cross-sectional jump during operation Edge zone, in which by the prevailing negative pressure Vortex detachments arise, this leads to an increased ring stabilization of the Backflow zone 50. It should also be mentioned that the generation of a stable backflow zone 50 also a sufficiently high swirl number in one Tube required.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the burner according to FIG. 1, in particular here to the washing around a centrally arranged fuel nozzle 103 and the effect of fuel injectors 170 is pointed out.
  • the mode of action the remaining main components of the burner, namely swirl generator 100 and Transition piece 200 are described in more detail in the following figures.
  • the fuel nozzle 103 is encased with a spaced ring 190, in which has a number of holes 161 arranged in the circumferential direction, through which an amount of air 160 flows into an annular chamber 180 and there rinsing the fuel nozzle 103. These holes 161 are slanted forward so that an adequate axial component arises on the burner axis 60.
  • additional fuel injectors 170 are provided, which have a specific one Amount of preferably a gaseous fuel in the respective amount of air Feed 160 such that there is a uniform fuel concentration in the mixing tube 20 150 sets over the flow cross-section, as the illustration wants to symbolize in the figure.
  • Exactly this uniform fuel concentration 150, especially the strong concentration on the burner axis 60 provides that there is a stabilization of the flame front at the exit of the burner sets, thus avoiding occurring combustion chamber pulsations.
  • FIG. 4 is used at the same time as FIG. 3.
  • 3 is referred to the other figures as required in the description of FIG. 3,
  • the first part of the burner according to FIG. 1 forms the swirl generator shown in FIG. 3 100.
  • This consists of two hollow conical partial bodies 101, 102, which are nested in a staggered manner.
  • the number of conical Partial body can of course be larger than two, like Figures 5 and 6 demonstrate; this depends on how they are explained in more detail below depends on the operating mode of the entire burner. It is with certain operating constellations not excluded, a single spiral Provide swirl generator.
  • the displacement of the respective central axis or Longitudinal symmetry axes 101b, 102b (see FIG. 4) of the tapered partial bodies 101, 102 creates each other in the neighboring wall, in a mirror-image arrangement, one tangential inflow channel each, i.e.
  • the cone shape of the Part body 101, 102 shown in the flow direction has a certain fixed Angle on.
  • the partial bodies 101, 102 have an increasing or decreasing cone inclination in the direction of flow, similar to a trumpet or Tulip. The latter two forms are not recorded in the drawing, since they can be easily understood by the expert are.
  • the two conical partial bodies 101, 102 each have a cylindrical one annular starting part 101a. In the area of this cylindrical initial part the fuel nozzle 103 already mentioned under FIG. 2 is accommodated, which is preferably operated with a liquid fuel 112.
  • the injection 104 of this fuel 112 falls approximately with the narrowest cross section of the formed by the conical part body 101, 102 cone cavity 114 together.
  • the injection capacity and the type of this fuel nozzle 103 are determined according to the given parameters of the respective burner.
  • the tapered body 101, 102 also each have a fuel line 108, 109, which arranged along the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 and with injection openings 117 are provided, through which preferably a gaseous Fuel 113 is injected into the combustion air 115 flowing through there, as arrows 116 symbolize this.
  • These fuel lines 108, 109 are preferably at the latest at the end of the tangential inflow, before entering the cone cavity 114, arranged for an optimal air / fuel mixture to obtain.
  • fuel 112 is normally a liquid Fuel, forming a mixture with another medium, for example with a recirculated flue gas, is easily possible. That fuel 112 is inserted into the cone cavity 114 at a preferably very acute angle injected. A conical fuel spray thus forms from the fuel nozzle 103 105, from the rotating combustion air flowing in tangentially 115 enclosed and dismantled. The concentration is then in the axial direction of the injected fuel 112 continuously through the inflowing combustion air 115 degraded to mix in the direction of evaporation.
  • a gaseous fuel 113 is introduced via the opening nozzles 117 the formation of the fuel / air mixture directly at the end of the air inlet slots 119, 120.
  • the combustion air 115 additionally preheated, or for example enriched with a recirculated flue gas or exhaust gas, so supported this sustained the vaporization of the liquid fuel 112 before this mixture flows into the downstream stage, here into the transition piece 200 (See Figures 1 and 7).
  • the same considerations also apply when talking about the Lines 108, 109 liquid fuels should be supplied.
  • the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 are strict limits to be observed, so that the desired flow field of the combustion air 115 at the exit of the swirl generator 100 can adjust. Generally it can be said that a Reduction of the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 the faster formation a backflow zone already favored in the area of the swirl generator.
  • the axial speed within the swirl generator 100 can be by a corresponding increase supply of air as described in Fig. 2 (item 160) or stabilize.
  • a corresponding swirl generation in operative connection with the downstream transition piece 200 prevents formation of flow separation within the swirl generator 100 downstream Mixing tube.
  • the construction of the swirl generator 100 is suitable further excellent, the size of the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 to change, with which without changing the overall length of the swirl generator 100 relatively large operational bandwidth can be captured.
  • the partial bodies 101, 102 can also be displaced relative to one another in another plane, as a result of which even an overlap of the same can be provided. It is the further possible, the partial body 101, 102 by a counter-rotating movement to nest in a spiral.
  • FIG. 4 shows, among other things, the geometric configuration of optional ones Baffles 121a, 121b. They have a flow initiation function these, according to their length, the respective end of the tapered partial body 101, 102 extend in the direction of flow towards the combustion air 115.
  • the channeling of the combustion air 115 into the cone cavity 114 can by opening or closing the guide plates 121a, 121b by one in the area the point of entry of this channel into the cone cavity 114 123 can be optimized, especially if the original Gap size of the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 changed dynamically should be, for example, to change the speed of the combustion air 115 to achieve.
  • these can be dynamic arrangements can also be provided statically, by using required baffles form an integral part with the tapered partial bodies 101, 102.
  • the swirl generator 100 now consists of four partial bodies 130, 131, 132, 133 is constructed.
  • the associated longitudinal symmetry axes for each sub-body are marked with the letter a.
  • this configuration is to be said that they are due to the lower generated with it Twist strength and in cooperation with a correspondingly enlarged slot width ideally suited, the bursting of the vortex flow on the downstream side of the To prevent swirl generator in the mixing tube, with which the mixing tube the intended Role.
  • FIG. 6 differs from FIG. 5 in that the partial bodies 140 here 141, 142, 143 have a blade profile shape which is used to provide a certain Flow is provided. Otherwise, the mode of operation of the swirl generator stayed the same.
  • the admixture of fuel 116 in the combustion air flow 115 happens from inside the blade profiles, i.e. the fuel line 108 is now integrated in the individual blades.
  • the transition geometry is corresponding for a swirl generator 100 with four partial bodies 5 or 6, built. Accordingly, the transition geometry points as Natural extension of the upstream part of the four transition channels 201, whereby the conical quarter area of the partial bodies is extended, until it cuts the wall of the mixing tube.
  • the same considerations apply even if the swirl generator is based on a principle other than that described under FIG. 3, is constructed.
  • the downward flow area of the individual transition channels 201 has a spiral shape in the flow direction running shape, which describes a crescent shape, accordingly the fact that in the present case the flow cross-section of the transition piece 200 flared in the direction of flow.
  • the twist angle of the Transition channels 201 in the flow direction are selected so that the pipe flow then another one up to the cross-sectional jump at the combustion chamber inlet enough distance remains to allow a perfect premix with the injected To accomplish fuel. It also increases by the above Measures also include the axial speed on the mixing tube wall downstream of the swirl generator. The transition geometry and the measures in the area of the mixing tube cause a significant increase in the axial speed profile towards the center of the mixing tube, so there is a risk of early ignition is decisively counteracted.
  • FIG. 8 shows the geometric design of the burner outlet at the end of the mixing tube 20 already mentioned for spatial stabilization of the backflow zone.
  • the flow cross-section of the tube 20 receives in this area a first transition radius R 1 which is convex with respect to the burner axis 60, the size of which basically depends on the respective flow within the mixing tube 20.
  • the size of this radius R 1 is accordingly chosen so that the flow is applied to the wall and the swirl number can increase sharply.
  • the size of the radius R 1 can be defined quantitatively such that it is> 10% of the inner diameter d of the mixing tube 20. Compared to a flow without a radius, the backflow zone 50 now increases enormously.
  • This radius R 1 then merges into a second radius R 2 , which is concave with respect to the burner axis 60 up to the exit plane 70 of the mixing tube 20, the size of this radius R 2 being > 10% of the inside diameter d of the mixing tube 20.
  • This second radius R 2 ensures that the edge flow is aligned axially in such a way that the flame does not appear on the combustion chamber wall when the combustion chamber is of small radial dimension.
  • the sectorial angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 of the two radii R 1 , R 2 are complementary angles, the maximum sum of which is 90 °. Depending on the number of swirls and the axial orientation of the flow, the two angles mentioned are adapted accordingly, which is interdependent on the size of the two radii.
  • the exit plane 70 of the mixing tube 20 is further provided with a step S of> 3 mm depth in the radial direction from the end edge of the second radius R 2 , this step performing the function of a stall stage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

The burner has a turbulence generator (100) followed by a transition piece (200) and a mixer pipe (20) upstream of the combustion chamber (30). The end of the mixer pipe coupled to the combustion chamber has a convex section with a given radius of curvature, followed by a concave section having a different radius of curvature.

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Brenner zum Betrieb eines Wärmeerzeugers gemäss Anspruch 1.The present invention relates to a burner for operating a heat generator according to claim 1.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus dem Schriftum ist bekanntgeworden, dass bei einer perfekt vorgemischten Flamme die Grösse des Flammenstabilisationsgebietes, auch unter dem Begriff Rückströmzone bekannt, keinen Einfluss auf die NOx-Emissionen hat. Jedoch werden die CO- und UHC-Emissionen und ganz speziell die Löschgrenzen stark beeinflusst. Dies bedeutet, dass je grösser die Flammenstabilisationszone ist um so geringer die CO- und UHC-Emissionen und die Löschgrenze sind. Mit einer grösseren Stabilisationszone kann also ein grösserer Lastbereich des Brenners im Vormischbetrieb abgedeckt werden, ohne dass die Flamme löscht.From the document it has become known that a perfectly premixed Flame the size of the flame stabilization area, also under the term Backflow zone known, has no influence on the NOx emissions. However CO and UHC emissions and especially the extinguishing limits are strongly influenced. This means that the larger the flame stabilization zone, the greater the CO and UHC emissions and the extinction limit are lower. With a bigger one Stabilization zone can therefore be a larger load range of the burner in premix mode be covered without the flame extinguishing.

Aus EP-0 321 809 B1 ist ein Vormischbrenner bekanntgeworden,welcher auf der Erzeugung einer geschlossenen Drallströmung im Kegelkopf basiert, die aufgrund des zunehmenden Dralls entlang der Kegelspitze in eine annulare Drallströmung mit Rückströmung im Kern übergeht. Der Ort wo dieses Aufplatzen der Strömung geschieht, wird durch den Kegelwinkel und die Einströmungskanäle zur Einleitung eines Verbrennungsluftstromes in den Innenraum des Drallerzeugers bestimmt. Dadurch wird auch die Grösse und die allgemeine Konfiguration dieser Rückströmzone oder Rückströmblase (Vortex Breakdown) definiert. From EP-0 321 809 B1 a premix burner has become known, which is based on the Generation of a closed swirl flow in the cone head based on that the increasing swirl along the cone tip into an annular swirl flow with reverse flow in the core. The place where this current burst happens, is initiated by the cone angle and the inflow channels a combustion air flow in the interior of the swirl generator determined. This also determines the size and general configuration of this backflow zone or return flow bubble (vortex breakdown) defined.

Aus EP-0 780 629 A2 ist ein weiterer Vormischbrenner bekanntgeworden, bei welchem Massnahme ergriffen sind, um die Rückströmblase weiter stromab zu verschieben, dies um eine längere Vormisch- und Verdampfungsstrecke zu erhalten. Zu diesem Zweck einem kopfseitig des Vormischbrenners wirkenden Drallerzeuger, der hier auf dem Vormischbrenner gemäss EP-0 312 809 B1 aufbaut, ein Mischrohr nachgeschaltet, wobei intermediär zwischen Drallerzeuger und Mischrohr eine Uebergangsgeometrie geschaltet ist, welche aus Uebergangskanäle zur ablösungsfreie Ueberleitung der Drallströmung aus dem Drallerzeuger in das Mischrohr besteht. Diese Uebergangskanäle sind sektoriell disponiert, entsprechend der Zahl der im Drallerzeuger wirkenden Einströmungskanäle. Diese Konstellation verkleinert zwangsläufig die Grösse der Rückströmzone, da der Drall der Strömung so gewählt werden muss, dass diese nicht innerhalb des Mischrohres aufplatzt. Am Ende des Mischrohres ist also der Drall an sich gering, als dass eine grosse Rückströmzone entstehen kann. Versucht man diese Rückströmzone mit einem grösserem Diffusorwinkel des Mischrohres zu verstärken, so ergeben sich Probleme in den wandnahen Bereichen des Diffusors (Grenzschichten, Ablösungen) und die Flamme wandert dann leicht stromauf. Die Gestaltung des Brenneraustritts am Ende des Mischrohres mit einer Abrisskante hat eine signifikante Verbesserung hinsichtlich Stärkung der Flammenstabilität, tieferer Schadstoff-Emissionen, geringerer Pulsationen, vollständigen Ausbrandes, grossen Betriebsbereichs, guter Querzündung zwischen den verschiedenen Brennern, kompakter Bauweise, verbesserter Mischung, etc., ausgelöst. Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, dass eine weitere Stärkung der Flammenstabilität sowie eine verbesserte Anpassung der Flamme an die vorgegebene Brennkammergeometrie für einen reibungslosen Betrieb auf höchster Ebene bei der Vormischverbrennung der neueren Generation vonnöten ist.From EP-0 780 629 A2 a further premix burner has become known, in which Measures are taken to move the backflow bubble further downstream, this to get a longer premixing and evaporation distance. For this purpose a swirl generator acting on the head side of the premix burner, which is based here on the premix burner according to EP-0 312 809 B1, a mixing tube downstream, with a transition geometry between the swirl generator and the mixing tube which is switched from transition channels to non-detachable Transfer of the swirl flow from the swirl generator into the mixing tube. These transition channels are arranged sectorally according to the number the inflow channels acting in the swirl generator. This constellation is reduced inevitably the size of the backflow zone, because the swirl of the flow so must be selected so that it does not burst inside the mixing tube. At the At the end of the mixing tube, the swirl itself is low than that of a large backflow zone can arise. If you try this backflow zone with a larger one To reinforce the diffuser angle of the mixing tube, problems arise in the areas of the diffuser close to the wall (boundary layers, detachments) and the The flame then moves slightly upstream. The design of the burner outlet at the end of the mixing tube with a tear-off edge has a significant improvement in terms of Strengthening flame stability, lower pollutant emissions, lower Pulsations, complete burnout, large operating range, good cross-ignition between the different burners, compact design, improved Mixture, etc., triggered. However, it has been shown that further strengthening the flame stability and an improved adaptation of the flame to the specified one Combustion chamber geometry for smooth operation at the highest Level is required in the premix combustion of the newer generation.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Der Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet ist, liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Brenner der eingangs genannten Art Vorkehrungen vorzuschlagen, welche eine Stärkung der Flammenstabilität und eine Anpassung der Flamme an die vorgegebene Brennkammergeometrie bewirken, ohne die übrigen Vorteile dieses Brenners in irgendeiner Weise zu mindern. The invention seeks to remedy this. The invention as set out in the claims is characterized, the task is based on a burner at the beginning to propose precautions which strengthen the flame stability and an adaptation of the flame to the given combustion chamber geometry effect without the other benefits of this burner in any way reduce.

Erfindungsgemäss wird am Ende des Mischrohres ein Radius angebracht, dessen Grösse so gewählt wird, dass sich die Strömung an die Wand des Mischrohres anlegt und so die Drallzahl ansteigen lässt. Gegenüber einer Strömung ohne Radius vergrössert sich nun die Rückströmzone enorm.According to the invention, a radius is attached to the end of the mixing tube The size is chosen so that the flow contacts the wall of the mixing tube and so the swirl number increases. Opposite a flow without a radius Now the backflow zone increases enormously.

Wird nun dieser Brenner in einer Brennkammer eingesetzt, welche kleine radiale Abmessungen aufweist, so besteht die Gefahr, dass die Flamme direkt auf die Brennkammerwand trifft, und so dort die Materialtemperatur unzulässig hohe Werte erreicht. Um dies zu verhindern, wird nun ein weiterer Radius eingeführt, welcher die Randströmung axial ausrichtet. Durch die Grösse des ersten und zweiten Radius und deren Winkel wird die gewünschte Grösse der Rückströmzone für die jeweils vorhandene Strömung innnerhalb des Mischrohres erzielt.If this burner is now used in a combustion chamber, which has small radial Has dimensions, there is a risk that the flame directly on the Combustion chamber wall hits, and so the material temperature there are impermissibly high values reached. To prevent this, another radius is now introduced, which aligns the edge flow axially. Due to the size of the first and second radius and their angle becomes the desired size of the backflow zone for each existing flow achieved within the mixing tube.

Damit ergeben sich folgende Vorteile:

  • Stabile Flammenposition,
  • Tiefere Schadstoff-Emissionen,
  • Geringe Pulsationen,
  • Vollständiger Ausbrand,
  • Grosser Betriebsbereich,
  • Gute Querzündung zwischen verschiedener nebengeordneter Brenners, die eine Ringbrennkammer betreiben
  • Flamme kann der Brennkammergeometrie angepasst werden,
  • Kompakte Bauweise,
  • Verbesserte Mischung.
This has the following advantages:
  • Stable flame position,
  • Lower pollutant emissions
  • Low pulsations,
  • Complete burnout,
  • Large operating area,
  • Good cross-ignition between different secondary burners that operate an annular combustion chamber
  • Flame can be adapted to the combustion chamber geometry,
  • Compact design,
  • Improved mix.

Vorteilhafte und zweckmässige Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemässen Aufgabenlösung sind in den weiteren Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet.Advantageous and expedient developments of the task solution according to the invention are characterized in the further claims.

Im folgenden werden anhand der Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert. Alle für das unmittelbare Verständnis der Erfindung unwesentlichen Merkmale sind fortgelassen worden. Gleiche Elemente sind in den verschiedenen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen. Die Strömungsrichtung der Medien ist mit Pfeilen angegeben.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings explained in more detail. All of which are insignificant for the immediate understanding of the invention Features have been left out. The same elements are in the different Figures with the same reference numerals. The flow direction of the Media is indicated with arrows.

Kurze Bezeichnung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen als Vormischbrenner ausgelegten Brenner mit einer Mischstrecke stromab eines Drallerzeugers,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung des Brenners gemäss Fig. 1 mit Disposition der zusätzlichen Brennstoff-Injektoren,
Fig. 3
einen aus mehreren Schalen bestehenden Drallerzeuger in perspektivischer Darstellung, entsprechend aufgeschnitten,
Fig. 4
einen Querschnitt durch einen zweischaligen Drallerzeuger,
Fig. 5
einen Querschnitt durch einen vierschaligen Drallerzeuger,
Fig. 6
eine Ansicht durch einen Drallerzeuger, dessen Schalen schaufelförmig profiliert sind,
Fig. 7
eine Ausgestaltung der Uebergangsgeometrie zwischen Drallerzeuger und Mischstrecke und
Fig. 8
eine Gestaltung des Brenneraustritts zum räumlichen Management der Rückströmzone.
It shows:
Fig. 1
a burner designed as a premix burner with a mixing section downstream of a swirl generator,
Fig. 2
2 shows a schematic representation of the burner according to FIG. 1 with disposition of the additional fuel injectors,
Fig. 3
a swirl generator consisting of several shells in a perspective view, cut open accordingly,
Fig. 4
a cross section through a double-shell swirl generator,
Fig. 5
a cross section through a four-shell swirl generator,
Fig. 6
2 shows a view through a swirl generator, the shells of which are profiled in a shovel shape,
Fig. 7
an embodiment of the transition geometry between swirl generator and mixing section and
Fig. 8
a design of the burner outlet for spatial management of the backflow zone.

Wege zur Ausführung der Erfindung, gewerbliche VerwendbarkeitWAYS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION, INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

Fig. 1 zeigt den Gesamtaufbau eines Brenners, der als Vormischbrenner betrieben wird. Anfänglich ist ein Drallerzeuger 100 wirksam, dessen Ausgestaltung in den nachfolgenden Fig. 3-6 noch näher gezeigt und beschrieben wird. Es handelt sich bei diesem Drallerzeuger 100 um ein kegelförmiges Gebilde, das tangential mehrfach von einem einströmenden Verbrennungsluftstromes 115 beaufschlagt wird. Die sich hierein bildende Strömung wird anhand einer stromab des Drallerzeugers 100 vorgesehenen Uebergangsgeometrie nahtlos in ein Uebergangsstück 200 übergeleitet, dergestalt, dass dort keine Ablösungsgebiete auftreten können. Die Konfiguration dieser Uebergangsgeometrie wird unter Fig. 6 näher beschrieben. Dieses Uebergangsstück 200 ist abströmungsseitig der Uebergangsgeometrie durch ein Mischrohr 20 verlängert, wobei beide Teile die eigentliche Mischstrecke 220 bilden. Selbstverständlich kann die Mischstrecke 220 aus einem einzigen Stück bestehen, d.h. dann, dass das Uebergangsstück 200 und das Mischrohr 20 zu einem einzigen zusammenhängenden Gebilde verschmelzen, wobei aber die Charakteristiken eines jeden Teils erhalten bleiben. Werden Uebergangsstück 200 und Mischrohr 20 aus zwei Teilen erstellt, so sind diese durch einen Buchsenring 10 verbunden, wobei der gleiche Buchsenring 10 kopfseitig als Verankerungsfläche für den Drallerzeuger 100 dient. Ein solcher Buchsenring 10 hat darüber hinaus den Vorteil, dass verschiedene Mischrohre eingesetzt werden können. Abströmungsseitig des Mischrohres 20 befindet sich der eigentliche Brennraum 30 einer Brennkammer, welche hier lediglich durch ein Flammrohr versinnbildlicht ist. Die Mischstrecke 220 erfüllt weitgehend die Aufgabe, dass stromab des Drallerzeugers 100 eine definierte Strecke bereitgestellt wird, in welcher eine perfekte Vormischung von Brennstoffen verschiedener Art erzielt werden kann. Diese Mischstrekke, also vordergründig das Mischrohr 20, ermöglicht des weiteren eine verlustfreie Strömungsführung, so dass sich auch in Wirkverbindung mit der Uebergangsgeometrie zunächst keine Rückströmzone oder Rückströmblase bilden kann, womit über die Länge der Mischstrecke 220 auf die Mischungsgüte für alle Brennstoffarten Einfluss ausgeübt werden kann. Diese Mischstrecke 220 hat aber noch eine andere Eigenschaft, welche darin besteht, dass in ihr selbst das Axialgeschwindigkeits-Profil ein ausgeprägtes Maximum auf der Achse besitzt, so dass eine Rückzündung der Flamme aus der Brennkammer nicht möglich ist. Allerdings ist es richtig, dass bei einer solchen Konfiguration diese Axialgeschwindigkeit zur Wand hin abfällt. Um Rückzündung auch in diesem Bereich zu unterbinden, wird das Mischrohr 20 in Strömungs- und Umfangsrichtung mit einer Anzahl regelmässig oder unregelmässig verteilter Bohrungen 21 verschiedenster Querschnitte und Richtungen versehen, durch welche eine Luftmenge in das Innere des Mischrohres 20 strömt, und entlang der Wand im Sinne einer Filmlegung eine Erhöhung der Durchfluss-Geschwindigkeit induzieren. Diese Bohrungen 21 können auch so ausgelegt werden, dass sich an der Innenwand des Mischrohres 20 mindestens zusätzlich noch eine Effusionskühlung einstellt. Eine zusätzliche Möglichkeit eine Erhöhung der Geschwindigkeit des Gemisches innerhalb des Mischrohres 20 zu erzielen, besteht darin, dass dessen Durchflussquerschnitt abströmungsseitig der Uebergangskanäle 201, welche die bereits genannten Uebergangsgeometrie bilden, eine Verengung erfährt, wodurch das gesamte Geschwindigkeitsniveau innerhalb des Mischrohres 20 angehoben wird. In der Figur verlaufen die Bohrungen 21 unter einem spitzen Winkel gegenüber der Brennerachse 60. Andere Verläufe dieser Bohrungen 21 sind auch möglich. Möglich ist des weiteren, das Mischrohr 20 intermittierend mit solchen Bohrungen zu versehen, beispielsweise am Anfang und am Ende desselben. Vorzugsweise werden diese Bohrungen 21 am Umfang des Mischrohres verteilt. Des weiteren entspricht der Auslauf der Uebergangskanäle 201 dem engsten Durchflussquerschnitt des Mischrohres 20. Die genannten Uebergangskanäle 201 überbrücken demnach den jeweiligen Querschnittsunterschied, ohne dabei die gebildete Strömung negativ zu beeinflussen. Wenn die gewählte Vorkehrung bei der Führung der Rohrströmung 40 entlang des Mischrohres 20 einen nicht tolerierbaren Druckverlust auslöst, so kann hiergegen Abhilfe geschaffen werden, indem am Ende dieses Mischrohres 20 ein in der Figur nicht gezeigter Diffusor vorgesehen wird. Am Ende des Mischrohres 20 schliesst sich sodann eine Brennkammer 30 (Brennraum) an, wobei zwischen den beiden Durchflussquerschnitten ein durch eine Brennerfront gebildeter Querschnittssprung vorhanden ist. Erst hier bildet sich eine zentrale Flammenfront mit einer Rückströmzone 50, welche gegenüber der Flammenfront die Eigenschaften eines körperlosen Flammenhalters aufweist. Bildet sich innerhalb dieses Querschnittssprunges während des Betriebes eine strömungsmässige Randzone, in welcher durch den dort vorherrschenden Unterdruck Wirbelablösungen entstehen, so führt dies zu einer verstärkten Ringstabilisation der Rückströmzone 50. Danebst darf nicht unerwähnt bleiben, dass die Erzeugung einer stabilen Rückströmzone 50 auch eine ausreichend hohe Drallzahl in einem Rohr erfordert. Ist eine solche zunächst unerwünscht, so können stabile Rückströmzonen durch die Zufuhr kleiner stark verdrallter Luftströmungen am Rohrende, beispielsweise durch tangentiale Oeffnungen, erzeugt werden. Dabei geht man hier davon aus, dass die hierzu benötigte Luftmenge in etwa 5-20% der Gesamtluftmenge beträgt. Was die Gestaltung des Brenneraustritts am Ende des Mischrohres 20 zum räumlichen Stabilisierung und Management der Rückströmzone 50 betrifft, wird auf die Beschreibung unter Fig. 8 verwiesen.Fig. 1 shows the overall structure of a burner operated as a premix burner becomes. Initially, a swirl generator 100 is effective, the design of which is shown in FIGS the following Fig. 3-6 is shown and described in more detail. It is about in this swirl generator 100 around a conical structure, the tangential multiple is acted upon by an inflowing combustion air flow 115. The flow formed here is based on a downstream of the swirl generator 100 provided transition geometry seamlessly into a transition piece 200 transferred in such a way that no detachment areas can occur there. The Configuration of this transition geometry is described in more detail in FIG. 6. This transition piece 200 is on the outflow side of the transition geometry extended by a mixing tube 20, both parts of the actual mixing section Form 220. Of course, the mixing section 220 can be made from a single one Consist of pieces, i.e. then that the transition piece 200 and the mixing tube 20 merge into a single coherent structure, but the Characteristics of each part are retained. Become a transition piece 200 and mixing tube 20 created from two parts, these are through a sleeve ring 10 connected, the same sleeve ring 10 on the head side as anchoring surface serves for the swirl generator 100. Such a sleeve ring 10 also has the advantage that different mixing tubes can be used. outflow side of the mixing tube 20 is the actual combustion chamber 30 one Combustion chamber, which is only symbolized here by a flame tube. The Mixing section 220 largely fulfills the task that is downstream of the swirl generator 100 a defined route is provided, in which a perfect premix of different types of fuel can be achieved. This mixed route, so primarily the mixing tube 20, also allows lossless Flow guidance, so that it is also in operative connection with the transition geometry initially cannot form a backflow zone or backflow bubble, with which over the length of the mixing section 220 to the mixing quality for all types of fuel Influence can be exercised. However, this mixing section 220 still has one another property, which is that in itself the axial velocity profile has a pronounced maximum on the axis, so that backfire the flame from the combustion chamber is not possible. However, it is correct that with such a configuration this axial velocity towards the wall drops. In order to prevent reignition in this area, the mixing tube 20 in the flow and circumferential direction with a number of regular or irregular distributed holes 21 of various cross sections and directions provided, through which an amount of air flows into the interior of the mixing tube 20, and along the wall in the sense of a filming an increase in the flow rate induce. These holes 21 can also be designed that at least additionally on the inner wall of the mixing tube 20 sets an effusion cooling. An additional way of increasing the To achieve the speed of the mixture within the mixing tube 20, there is in that its flow cross-section on the outflow side of the transition channels 201, which form the transition geometry already mentioned, a narrowing experiences what the entire speed level within the mixing tube 20 is raised. In the figure, the bores 21 run under an acute one Angle with respect to the burner axis 60. Other courses of these bores 21 are also possible. It is also possible for the mixing tube 20 to be intermittent to provide such holes, for example at the beginning and end of the same. These bores 21 are preferably distributed around the circumference of the mixing tube. Furthermore, the outlet of the transition channels 201 corresponds to the narrowest Flow cross-section of the mixing tube 20. The above-mentioned transition channels 201 bridging the respective cross-sectional difference without the to influence the flow formed. If the precaution chosen at the guidance of the pipe flow 40 along the mixing pipe 20 an intolerable If pressure loss triggers, this can be remedied by At the end of this mixing tube 20, a diffuser, not shown in the figure, is provided becomes. A combustion chamber then closes at the end of the mixing tube 20 30 (combustion chamber), with a through between the two flow cross-sections there is a cross-sectional jump formed in the burner front. Only here does it form a central flame front with a backflow zone 50, which is opposite the Flame front has the properties of a disembodied flame holder. forms there is a flow within this cross-sectional jump during operation Edge zone, in which by the prevailing negative pressure Vortex detachments arise, this leads to an increased ring stabilization of the Backflow zone 50. It should also be mentioned that the generation of a stable backflow zone 50 also a sufficiently high swirl number in one Tube required. If this is initially undesirable, stable backflow zones can be created by supplying small, highly swirled air flows at the end of the pipe, for example by tangential openings. You go here assume that the amount of air required for this is about 5-20% of the total amount of air is. As for the design of the burner outlet at the end of the mixing tube 20 relates to spatial stabilization and management of the backflow zone 50, reference is made to the description in FIG. 8.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische Ansicht des Brenners gemäss Fig. 1, wobei hier insbesondere auf die Umspülung einer zentral angeordneten Brennstoffdüse 103 und auf die Wirkung von Brennstoff-Injektoren 170 hingewiesen wird. Die Wirkungsweise der restlichen Hauptbestandteile des Brenners, nämlich Drallerzeuger 100 und Uebergangsstück 200 werden unter den nachfolgenden Figuren näher beschrieben. Die Brennstoffdüse 103 wird mit einem beabstandeten Ring 190 ummantelt, in welchem eine Anzahl in Umfangsrichtung disponierter Bohrungen 161 gelegt sind, durch welche eine Luftmenge 160 in eine ringförmige Kammer 180 strömt und dort die Umspülung der Brennstoffdüse 103 vornimmt. Diese Bohrungen 161 sind schräg nach vorne angelegt, dergestalt, dass eine angemessene axiale Komponente auf der Brennerachse 60 entsteht. In Wirkverbindung mit diesen Bohrungen 161 sind zusätzliche Brennstoff-Injektoren 170 vorgesehen, welche eine bestimmte Menge vorzugsweise eines gasförmigen Brennstoffes in die jeweilige Luftmenge 160 einspeisen, dergestalt, dass sich im Mischrohr 20 eine gleichmässige Brennstoffkonzentration 150 über den Strömungsquerschnitt einstellt, wie die Darstellung in der Figur versinnbildlichen will. Genau diese gleichmässige Brennstoffkonzentration 150, insbesondere die starke Konzentration auf der Brennerachse 60 sorgt dafür, dass sich eine Stabilisierung der Flammenfront am Ausgangs des Brenners einstellt, womit aufkommende Brennkammerpulsationen vermieden werden.FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the burner according to FIG. 1, in particular here to the washing around a centrally arranged fuel nozzle 103 and the effect of fuel injectors 170 is pointed out. The mode of action the remaining main components of the burner, namely swirl generator 100 and Transition piece 200 are described in more detail in the following figures. The fuel nozzle 103 is encased with a spaced ring 190, in which has a number of holes 161 arranged in the circumferential direction, through which an amount of air 160 flows into an annular chamber 180 and there rinsing the fuel nozzle 103. These holes 161 are slanted forward so that an adequate axial component arises on the burner axis 60. In operative connection with these holes 161 additional fuel injectors 170 are provided, which have a specific one Amount of preferably a gaseous fuel in the respective amount of air Feed 160 such that there is a uniform fuel concentration in the mixing tube 20 150 sets over the flow cross-section, as the illustration wants to symbolize in the figure. Exactly this uniform fuel concentration 150, especially the strong concentration on the burner axis 60 provides that there is a stabilization of the flame front at the exit of the burner sets, thus avoiding occurring combustion chamber pulsations.

Um den Aufbau des Drallerzeugers 100 besser zu verstehen, ist es von Vorteil, wenn gleichzeitig zu Fig. 3 mindestens Fig. 4 herangezogen wird. Im folgenden wird bei der Beschreibung von Fig. 3 nach Bedarf auf die übrigen Figuren hingewiesen,In order to better understand the structure of the swirl generator 100, it is advantageous to if at least FIG. 4 is used at the same time as FIG. 3. Hereinafter 3 is referred to the other figures as required in the description of FIG. 3,

Der erste Teil des Brenners nach Fig. 1 bildet den nach Fig. 3 gezeigten Drallerzeuger 100. Dieser besteht aus zwei hohlen kegelförmigen Teilkörpern 101, 102, die versetzt zueinander ineinandergeschachtelt sind. Die Anzahl der kegelförmigen Teilkörper kann selbstverständlich grösser als zwei sein, wie die Figuren 5 und 6 zeigen; dies hängt jeweils, wie weiter unten noch näher zur Erläuterung kommen wird, von der Betriebsart des ganzen Brenners ab. Es ist bei bestimmten Betriebskonstellationen nicht ausgeschlossen, einen aus einer einzigen Spirale bestehenden Drallerzeuger vorzusehen. Die Versetzung der jeweiligen Mittelachse oder Längssymmetrieachsen 101b, 102b (Vgl. Fig. 4) der kegeligen Teilkörper 101, 102 zueinander schafft bei der benachbarten Wandung, in spiegelbildlicher Anordnung, jeweils einen tangentialen Einströmungskanal, d.h. einen Lufteintrittsschlitz 119, 120 (Vgl. Fig. 4), durch welche die Verbrennungsluft 115 in Innenraum des Drallerzeugers 100, d.h. in den Kegelhohlraum 114 desselben strömt. Die Kegelform der gezeigten Teilkörper 101, 102 in Strömungsrichtung weist einen bestimmten festen Winkel auf. Selbstverständlich, je nach Betriebseinsatz, können die Teilkörper 101, 102 in Strömungsrichtung eine zunehmende oder abnehmende Kegelneigung aufweisen, ähnlich einer Trompete resp. Tulpe. Die beiden letztgenannten Formen sind zeichnerisch nicht erfasst, da sie für den Fachmann ohne weiteres nachempfindbar sind. Die beiden kegeligen Teilkörper 101, 102 weisen je einen zylindrischen ringförmigen Anfangsteil 101a auf. Im Bereich dieses zylindrischen Anfangsteils ist die bereits unter Fig. 2 erwähnte Brennstoffdüse 103 untergebracht, welche vorzugsweise mit einem flüssigen Brennstoff 112 betrieben wird. Die Eindüsung 104 dieses Brennstoffes 112 fällt in etwa mit dem engsten Querschnitt des durch die kegeligen Teilkörper 101, 102 gebildeten Kegelhohlraumes 114 zusammen. Die Eindüsungskapazität und die Art dieser Brennstoffdüse 103 richtet sich nach den vorgegebenen Parametern des jeweiligen Brenners. Die kegeligen Teilkörper 101, 102 weisen des weiteren je eine Brennstoffleitung 108, 109 auf, welche entlang der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 119, 120 angeordnet und mit Eindüsungsöffnungen 117 versehen sind, durch welche vorzugsweise ein gasförmiger Brennstoff 113 in die dort durchströmende Verbrennungsluft 115 eingedüst wird, wie dies die Pfeile 116 versinnbildlichen wollen. Diese Brennstoffleitungen 108, 109 sind vorzugsweise spätestens am Ende der tangentialen Einströmung, vor Eintritt in den Kegelhohlraum 114, angeordnet, dies um eine optimale Luft/Brennstoff-Mischung zu erhalten. Bei dem durch die Brennstoffdüse 103 herangeführten Brennstoff 112 handelt es sich, wie erwähnt, im Normalfall um einen flüssigen Brennstoff, wobei eine Gemischbildung mit einem anderen Medium, beispielsweise mit einem rückgeführten Rauchgas, ohne weiteres möglich ist. Dieser Brennstoff 112 wird unter einem vorzugsweise sehr spitzen Winkel in den Kegelhohlraum 114 eingedüst. Aus der Brennstoffdüse 103 bildet sich sonach ein kegeliges Brennstoffspray 105, das von der tangential einströmenden rotierenden Verbrennungsluft 115 umschlossen und abgebaut wird. In axialer Richtung wird sodann die Konzentration des eingedüsten Brennstoffes 112 fortlaufend durch die einströmenden Verbrennungsluft 115 zu einer Vermischung Richtung Verdampfung abgebaut. Wird ein gasförmiger Brennstoff 113 über die Oeffnungsdüsen 117 eingebracht, geschieht die Bildung des Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisches direkt am Ende der Lufteintrittsschlitze 119, 120. Ist die Verbrennungsluft 115 zusätzlich vorgeheizt, oder beispielsweise mit einem rückgeführten Rauchgas oder Abgas angereichert, so unterstützt dies nachhaltig die Verdampfung des flüssigen Brennstoffes 112, bevor dieses Gemisch in die nachgeschaltete Stufe strömt, hier in das Uebergangsstück 200 (Vgl. Fig. 1 und 7). Die gleichen Ueberlegungen gelten auch, wenn über die Leitungen 108, 109 flüssige Brennstoffe zugeführt werden sollten. Bei der Gestaltung der kegeligen Teilkörper 101, 102 hinsichtlich des Kegelwinkels und der Breite der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 119, 120 sind an sich enge Grenzen einzuhalten, damit sich das gewünschte Strömungsfeld der Verbrennungsluft 115 am Ausgang des Drallerzeugers 100 einstellen kann. Allgemein ist zu sagen, dass eine Verkleinerung der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 119, 120 die schnellere Bildung einer Rückströmzone bereits im Bereich des Drallerzeugers begünstigt. Die Axialgeschwindigkeit innerhalb des Drallerzeugers 100 lässt sich durch eine entsprechende unter Fig. 2 (Pos. 160) näher beschriebene Zuführung einer Luftmenge erhöhen bzw. stabilisieren. Eine entsprechende Drallerzeugung in Wirkverbindung mit dem nachgeschalteten Uebergangsstück 200 (Vgl. Fig. 1 und 7) verhindert die Bildung von Strömungsablösungen innerhalb des dem Drallerzeuger 100 nachgeschalteten Mischrohr. Die Konstruktion des Drallerzeugers 100 eignet sich des weiteren vorzüglich, die Grösse der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 119, 120 zu verändern, womit ohne Veränderung der Baulänge des Drallerzeugers 100 eine relativ grosse betriebliche Bandbreite erfasst werden kann. Selbstverständlich sind die Teilkörper 101, 102 auch in einer anderen Ebene zueinander verschiebbar, wodurch sogar eine Ueberlappung derselben vorgesehen werden kann. Es ist des weiteren möglich, die Teilkörper 101, 102 durch eine gegenläufig drehende Bewegung spiralartig ineinander zu verschachteln. Somit ist es möglich, die Form, die Grösse und die Konfiguration der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 119, 120 beliebig zu variieren, womit der Drallerzeuger 100 ohne Veränderung seiner Baulänge universell einsetzbar ist.The first part of the burner according to FIG. 1 forms the swirl generator shown in FIG. 3 100. This consists of two hollow conical partial bodies 101, 102, which are nested in a staggered manner. The number of conical Partial body can of course be larger than two, like Figures 5 and 6 demonstrate; this depends on how they are explained in more detail below depends on the operating mode of the entire burner. It is with certain operating constellations not excluded, a single spiral Provide swirl generator. The displacement of the respective central axis or Longitudinal symmetry axes 101b, 102b (see FIG. 4) of the tapered partial bodies 101, 102 creates each other in the neighboring wall, in a mirror-image arrangement, one tangential inflow channel each, i.e. an air inlet slot 119, 120 (see FIG. 4), through which the combustion air 115 in the interior of the swirl generator 100, i.e. flows into the cone cavity 114 of the same. The cone shape of the Part body 101, 102 shown in the flow direction has a certain fixed Angle on. Of course, depending on the operational use, the partial bodies 101, 102 have an increasing or decreasing cone inclination in the direction of flow, similar to a trumpet or Tulip. The latter two forms are not recorded in the drawing, since they can be easily understood by the expert are. The two conical partial bodies 101, 102 each have a cylindrical one annular starting part 101a. In the area of this cylindrical initial part the fuel nozzle 103 already mentioned under FIG. 2 is accommodated, which is preferably operated with a liquid fuel 112. The injection 104 of this fuel 112 falls approximately with the narrowest cross section of the formed by the conical part body 101, 102 cone cavity 114 together. The injection capacity and the type of this fuel nozzle 103 are determined according to the given parameters of the respective burner. The tapered body 101, 102 also each have a fuel line 108, 109, which arranged along the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 and with injection openings 117 are provided, through which preferably a gaseous Fuel 113 is injected into the combustion air 115 flowing through there, as arrows 116 symbolize this. These fuel lines 108, 109 are preferably at the latest at the end of the tangential inflow, before entering the cone cavity 114, arranged for an optimal air / fuel mixture to obtain. The one brought up through the fuel nozzle 103 As mentioned, fuel 112 is normally a liquid Fuel, forming a mixture with another medium, for example with a recirculated flue gas, is easily possible. That fuel 112 is inserted into the cone cavity 114 at a preferably very acute angle injected. A conical fuel spray thus forms from the fuel nozzle 103 105, from the rotating combustion air flowing in tangentially 115 enclosed and dismantled. The concentration is then in the axial direction of the injected fuel 112 continuously through the inflowing combustion air 115 degraded to mix in the direction of evaporation. Becomes A gaseous fuel 113 is introduced via the opening nozzles 117 the formation of the fuel / air mixture directly at the end of the air inlet slots 119, 120. Is the combustion air 115 additionally preheated, or for example enriched with a recirculated flue gas or exhaust gas, so supported this sustained the vaporization of the liquid fuel 112 before this mixture flows into the downstream stage, here into the transition piece 200 (See Figures 1 and 7). The same considerations also apply when talking about the Lines 108, 109 liquid fuels should be supplied. When designing the tapered part body 101, 102 with respect to the taper angle and the width the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 are strict limits to be observed, so that the desired flow field of the combustion air 115 at the exit of the swirl generator 100 can adjust. Generally it can be said that a Reduction of the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 the faster formation a backflow zone already favored in the area of the swirl generator. The axial speed within the swirl generator 100 can be by a corresponding increase supply of air as described in Fig. 2 (item 160) or stabilize. A corresponding swirl generation in operative connection with the downstream transition piece 200 (see FIGS. 1 and 7) prevents formation of flow separation within the swirl generator 100 downstream Mixing tube. The construction of the swirl generator 100 is suitable further excellent, the size of the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 to change, with which without changing the overall length of the swirl generator 100 relatively large operational bandwidth can be captured. Of course the partial bodies 101, 102 can also be displaced relative to one another in another plane, as a result of which even an overlap of the same can be provided. It is the further possible, the partial body 101, 102 by a counter-rotating movement to nest in a spiral. Thus, it is possible to shape the Any size and configuration of the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 to vary, with which the swirl generator 100 is universal without changing its overall length can be used.

Aus Fig. 4 geht unter anderen die geometrische Konfiguration von wahlweise vorzusehenden Leitbleche 121a, 121b hervor. Sie haben Strömungseinleitungsfunktion, wobei diese, entsprechend ihrer Länge, das jeweilige Ende der kegeligen Teilkörper 101, 102 in Anströmungsrichtung gegenüber der Verbrennungsluft 115 verlängern. Die Kanalisierung der Verbrennungsluft 115 in den Kegelhohlraum 114 kann durch Oeffnen bzw. Schliessen der Leitbleche 121a, 121b um einen im Bereich des Eintritts dieses Kanals in den Kegelhohlraum 114 plazierten Drehpunkt 123 optimiert werden, insbesondere ist dies vonnöten, wenn die ursprüngliche Spaltgrösse der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 119, 120 dynamisch verändert werden soll, beispielsweise um eine Aenderung der geschwindigkeit der Verbrennungsluft 115 zu erreichen. Selbstverständlich können diese dynamische Vorkehrungen auch statisch vorgesehen werden, indem bedarfsmässige Leitbleche einen festen Bestandteil mit den kegeligen Teilkörpern 101, 102 bilden.4 shows, among other things, the geometric configuration of optional ones Baffles 121a, 121b. They have a flow initiation function these, according to their length, the respective end of the tapered partial body 101, 102 extend in the direction of flow towards the combustion air 115. The channeling of the combustion air 115 into the cone cavity 114 can by opening or closing the guide plates 121a, 121b by one in the area the point of entry of this channel into the cone cavity 114 123 can be optimized, especially if the original Gap size of the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 changed dynamically should be, for example, to change the speed of the combustion air 115 to achieve. Of course, these can be dynamic arrangements can also be provided statically, by using required baffles form an integral part with the tapered partial bodies 101, 102.

Fig. 5 zeigt gegenüber Fig. 4, dass der Drallerzeuger 100 nunmehr aus vier Teilkörpern 130, 131, 132, 133 aufgebaut ist. Die dazugehörigen Längssymmetrieachsen zu jedem Teilkörper sind mit der Buchstabe a gekennzeichnet. Zu dieser Konfiguration ist zu sagen, dass sie sich aufgrund der damit erzeugten, geringeren Drallstärke und im Zusammenwirken mit einer entsprechend vergrösserten Schlitzbreite bestens eignet, das Aufplatzen der Wirbelströmung abströmungsseitig des Drallerzeugers im Mischrohr zu verhindern, womit das Mischrohr die ihm zugedachte Rolle bestens erfüllen kann.5 shows that the swirl generator 100 now consists of four partial bodies 130, 131, 132, 133 is constructed. The associated longitudinal symmetry axes for each sub-body are marked with the letter a. About this configuration is to be said that they are due to the lower generated with it Twist strength and in cooperation with a correspondingly enlarged slot width ideally suited, the bursting of the vortex flow on the downstream side of the To prevent swirl generator in the mixing tube, with which the mixing tube the intended Role.

Fig. 6 unterscheidet sich gegenüber Fig. 5 insoweit, als hier die Teilkörper 140, 141, 142, 143 eine Schaufelprofilform haben, welche zur Bereitstellung einer gewissen Strömung vorgesehen wird. Ansonsten ist die Betreibungsart des Drallerzeugers die gleiche geblieben. Die Zumischung des Brennstoffes 116 in den Verbrennungsluftstromes 115 geschieht aus dem Innern der Schaufelprofile heraus, d.h. die Brennstoffleitung 108 ist nunmehr in die einzelnen Schaufeln integriert. Auch hier sind die Längssymmetrieachsen zu den einzelnen Teilkörpern mit der Buchstabe a gekennzeichnet.FIG. 6 differs from FIG. 5 in that the partial bodies 140 here 141, 142, 143 have a blade profile shape which is used to provide a certain Flow is provided. Otherwise, the mode of operation of the swirl generator stayed the same. The admixture of fuel 116 in the combustion air flow 115 happens from inside the blade profiles, i.e. the fuel line 108 is now integrated in the individual blades. Here, too, are the longitudinal axes of symmetry to the individual partial bodies with the Letter a marked.

Fig. 7 zeigt das Uebergangsstück 200 in dreidimensionaler Ansicht. Die Uebergangsgeometrie ist für einen Drallerzeuger 100 mit vier Teilkörpern, entsprechend der Fig. 5 oder 6, aufgebaut. Dementsprechend weist die Uebergangsgeometrie als natürliche Verlängerung der stromauf wirkenden Teilkörper vier Uebergangskanäle 201 auf, wodurch die Kegelviertelfläche der genannten Teilkörper verlängert wird, bis sie die Wand des Mischrohres schneidet. Die gleichen Ueberlegungen gelten auch, wenn der Drallerzeuger aus einem anderen Prinzip, als den unter Fig. 3 beschriebenen, aufgebaut ist. Die nach unten in Strömungsrichtung verlaufende Fläche der einzelnen Uebergangskanäle 201 weist eine in Strömungsrichtung spiralförmig verlaufende Form auf, welche einen sichelförmigen Verlauf beschreibt, entsprechend der Tatsache, dass sich vorliegend der Durchflussquerschnitt des Uebergangsstückes 200 in Strömungsrichtung konisch erweitert. Der Drallwinkel der Uebergangskanäle 201 in Strömungsrichtung ist so gewählt, dass der Rohrströmung anschliessend bis zum Querschnittssprung am Brennkammereintritt noch eine genügend grosse Strecke verbleibt, um eine perfekte Vormischung mit dem eingedüsten Brennstoff zu bewerkstelligen. Ferner erhöht sich durch die oben genannten Massnahmen auch die Axialgeschwindigkeit an der Mischrohrwand stromab des Drallerzeugers. Die Uebergangsgeometrie und die Massnahmen im Bereich des Mischrohres bewirken eine deutliche Steigerung des Axialgeschwindigkeitsprofils zum Mittelpunkt des Mischrohres hin, so dass der Gefahr einer Frühzündung entscheidend entgegengewirkt wird.7 shows the transition piece 200 in a three-dimensional view. The transition geometry is corresponding for a swirl generator 100 with four partial bodies 5 or 6, built. Accordingly, the transition geometry points as Natural extension of the upstream part of the four transition channels 201, whereby the conical quarter area of the partial bodies is extended, until it cuts the wall of the mixing tube. The same considerations apply even if the swirl generator is based on a principle other than that described under FIG. 3, is constructed. The downward flow area of the individual transition channels 201 has a spiral shape in the flow direction running shape, which describes a crescent shape, accordingly the fact that in the present case the flow cross-section of the transition piece 200 flared in the direction of flow. The twist angle of the Transition channels 201 in the flow direction are selected so that the pipe flow then another one up to the cross-sectional jump at the combustion chamber inlet enough distance remains to allow a perfect premix with the injected To accomplish fuel. It also increases by the above Measures also include the axial speed on the mixing tube wall downstream of the swirl generator. The transition geometry and the measures in the area of the mixing tube cause a significant increase in the axial speed profile towards the center of the mixing tube, so there is a risk of early ignition is decisively counteracted.

Fig. 8 zeigt die bereits angesprochene geometrische Gestaltung des Brenneraustritts am Ende des Mischrohres 20 zur räumlichen Stabilisierung der Rückströmzone. Der Durchflussquerschnitt des Rohres 20 erhält in diesem Bereich einen ersten gegenüber der Brennerachse 60 konvexen Uebergangsradius R1, dessen Grösse grundsätzlich von der jeweiligen Strömung innerhalb des Mischrohres 20 abhängt. Die Grösse dieses Radius R1 wird dementsprechend so gewählt, dass sich die Strömung an die Wand anlegt und so die Drallzahl stark ansteigen lässt. Quantitativ lässt sich die Grösse des Radius R1 so definieren, dass dieser > 10% des Innendurchmessers d des Mischrohres 20 beträgt. Gegenüber einer Strömung ohne Radius vergrössert sich nun die Rückströmzone 50 gewaltig. Dieser Radius R1 geht sodann in einen zweiten Radius R2 über, welcher gegenüber der Brennerachse 60 konkav bis zur Austrittsebene 70 des Mischrohres 20 verläuft, wobei die Grösse dieses Radius R2 > 10% des Innendurchmessers d des Mischrohres 20 beträgt. Dieser zweite Radius R2 sorgt dafür, dass die Randströmung axial ausgerichtet wird, dergestalt, dass die Flamme bei kleiner radialer Ausmessung der Brennkammer nicht auf die Brennkammerwand auftritt. Die sektoriellen Winkel β1 und β2 der beiden Radien R1, R2 sind komplementäre Winkel, deren maximale Summe 90° beträgt. Je nach Drallzahl und axialer Ausrichtung der Strömung erfahren die zwei genannten Winkel eine entsprechende Anpassung, welche interdependent zur Grösse der beiden Radien steht.
Die Austrittsebene 70 des Mischrohres 20 ist des weiteren ab Endkante des zweiten Radius R2 in radialer Richtung mit einem Absatz S von > 3 mm Tiefe versehen, wobei dieser Absatz die Funktion einer Strömungsabrissstufe ausübt.
FIG. 8 shows the geometric design of the burner outlet at the end of the mixing tube 20 already mentioned for spatial stabilization of the backflow zone. The flow cross-section of the tube 20 receives in this area a first transition radius R 1 which is convex with respect to the burner axis 60, the size of which basically depends on the respective flow within the mixing tube 20. The size of this radius R 1 is accordingly chosen so that the flow is applied to the wall and the swirl number can increase sharply. The size of the radius R 1 can be defined quantitatively such that it is> 10% of the inner diameter d of the mixing tube 20. Compared to a flow without a radius, the backflow zone 50 now increases enormously. This radius R 1 then merges into a second radius R 2 , which is concave with respect to the burner axis 60 up to the exit plane 70 of the mixing tube 20, the size of this radius R 2 being > 10% of the inside diameter d of the mixing tube 20. This second radius R 2 ensures that the edge flow is aligned axially in such a way that the flame does not appear on the combustion chamber wall when the combustion chamber is of small radial dimension. The sectorial angles β 1 and β 2 of the two radii R 1 , R 2 are complementary angles, the maximum sum of which is 90 °. Depending on the number of swirls and the axial orientation of the flow, the two angles mentioned are adapted accordingly, which is interdependent on the size of the two radii.
The exit plane 70 of the mixing tube 20 is further provided with a step S of> 3 mm depth in the radial direction from the end edge of the second radius R 2 , this step performing the function of a stall stage.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1010
Buchsenringjack ring
2020
Mischrohr, Teil der Mischstrecke 220Mixing tube, part of the mixing section 220
2121
Bohrungen, OeffnungenHoles, openings
3030
Brennkammer, BrennraumCombustion chamber, combustion chamber
4040
Strömung, Rohrströmung im Mischrohr, HauptströmungFlow, pipe flow in the mixing pipe, main flow
5050
Rückströmzone, RückströmblaseBackflow zone, backflow bubble
6060
BrennerachseBrenner
7070
Austrittsebene des MischrohresExit plane of the mixing tube
100100
Drallerzeugerswirl generator
101, 102101, 102
Kegelförmige TeilkörperPartial conical body
101a101
Ringförmiger AnfangsteilAnnular initial part
101b, 102b101b, 102b
LängssymmetrieachsenLongitudinal axes of symmetry
103103
Brennstoffdüsefuel nozzle
104104
Brennstoffeindüsungfuel injection
105105
Brennstoffspray (Brennstoffeindüsungsprofil)Fuel spray (fuel injection profile)
108, 109108, 109
Brennstoffleitungenfuel lines
112112
Flüssiger BrennstoffLiquid fuel
113113
Gasförmiger BrennstoffGaseous fuel
114114
Kegelhohlraumconical cavity
115115
Verbrennungsluft (Verbrennungsluftstrom)Combustion air (combustion air flow)
116116
Brennstoff-Eindüsung aus den Leitungen 108, 109Fuel injection from lines 108, 109
117117
Brennstoffdüsenfuel nozzles
119, 120119, 120
Tangentiale LufteintrittsschlitzeTangential air inlet slots
121a, 121b121a, 121b
Leitblechebaffles
123123
Drehpunkt der LeitblechePivot point of the guide plates
130, 131, 132, 133130, 131, 132, 133
Teilkörperpartial body
131a, 131a, 132a, 133a131a, 131a, 132a, 133a
LängssymmetrieachsenLongitudinal axes of symmetry
140, 141, 142, 143140, 141, 142, 143
Schaufelprofilförmige Teilkörper Vane-shaped partial body
140a, 141a, 142a, 143a140a, 141a, 142a, 143a
LängssymmetrieachsenLongitudinal axes of symmetry
150150
Brennstoffkonzentrationfuel concentration
160160
Luftmenge, MischluftAir volume, mixed air
161161
Bohrungen, OeffnungenHoles, openings
170170
Brennstoff-InjektorenFuel injectors
180180
Ringförmige LuftkammerAnnular air chamber
190190
Ringring
200200
Uebergangsstück, Teil der Mischstrecke 220Transition piece, part of the mixing section 220
201201
UebergangskanäleTransition passages
220220
Mischstreckemixing section
dd
Innendurchmesser des MischrohresInner diameter of the mixing tube
R1 R 1
Erster Radius, konvex gegenüber der BrennerachseFirst radius, convex to the burner axis
R2 R 2
Zweiter Radius, konkav gegenüber der BrennerachseSecond radius, concave with respect to the burner axis
β1 β 1
Erster Winkel, zu Radius R1 gehörendFirst angle, belonging to radius R 1
β2 β 2
Zweiter Radius, zu Radius R2 gehörendSecond radius, belonging to radius R 2

Claims (15)

  1. A burner for operating a heat generator, wherein the burner substantially consists of a swirl generator (100) for a combustion air stream, means (117) for feeding at least one fuel into the combustion air stream, wherein a mixing length (220) is provided downstream the swirl generator, which length within a first length part in the flow direction comprises a number of transition channels (201) for transferring a stream formed in the swirl generator to a mixing pipe (20) provided downstream these transition channels, wherein the end of the mixing pipe (20) in its outlet area to a downstream combustion space (30) comprises a first radius (R1), which extends convexely in relation to the burner axis (60), wherein this radius (R1) continues in a second radius (R2), which extends concavely to the burner axis (60) and reaches the outlet plane (70) of the mixing pipe (20), and wherein the covered sector (β1 + β2) of both the radius (R1, R2) amounts to ≤ 90°.
  2. A burner according to claim 1, characterised in that both the radius (R1, R2) each are > 10% of the inner diameter (d) of the mixing pipe (20).
  3. A burner according to claim 1, characterised in that the outlet plane (70) from the end edge of the second radius (R2) is provided with a shoulder (S) in the radial direction.
  4. A burner according to claim 3, characterised in that the shoulder (S) has a depth > 3mm.
  5. A burner according to claim 1, characterised in that the swirl generator (100) consists of two hollow, conical part bodies (101, 102; 130, 131, 132, 133; 140, 141, 142, 143) provided in each other in the flow direction, that the respective longitudinal symmetrical axes (101b, 102b; 130a, 131a, 132a, 133a; 140a, 141a, 142a, 143a) of these part bodies extend displaced from each other in such a manner that the adjacent walls of the part bodies in their longitudinal extension form tangential channels (119, 120) for a combustion air stream (115), and that at least one fuel nozzle (103) is present in the inner space (114) formed by the part bodies.
  6. A burner according to claim 5, characterised in that further fuel nozzles (117) are provided in the area of the tangential channels (119, 120) in their longitudinal extension.
  7. A burner according to claim 5, characterised in that the part bodies (140, 141, 142, 143) have a blade-shaped profile in a cross-section.
  8. A burner according to claim 5, characterised in that the part bodies in the flow direction have a fixed cone angle, or an increasing cone inclination, or a decreasing cone inclination.
  9. A burner according to claim 5, characterised in that the part bodies are spirally provided in each other.
  10. A burner according to claims 1 and 5, characterised in that the number of transition channels (201) in the mixing length (220) corresponds to the number of part streams formed by the swirl generator (100).
  11. A burner according to claim 1, characterised in that the mixing pipe (20) in the flow and peripheral direction is provided with holes (21) for feeding an air stream into the interior.
  12. A burner according to claim 11, characterised in that the holes (21) extend with an acute angle in relation to the axis of the mixing pipe (20).
  13. A burner according to claim 1, characterised in that the flow cross-section of the mixing pipe (20) downstream the transition channel (201) is smaller, equal to or larger than the cross-section of the stream (40) formed in the swirl generator (100).
  14. A burner according to claim 1, characterised in that a cross-section shifting is present between the mixing length (220) and the combustion space (30), which shifting induces the initial flow cross-section of the combustion space, and that a back flow zone (50) is operable in the area of this cross-section shifting.
  15. A burner according to claim 1, characterised in that a diffuser and/or a venturi length is present upstream the first radius (R1).
EP97810907A 1997-11-25 1997-11-25 Burner for the operation of a heat generator Expired - Lifetime EP0919768B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97810907A EP0919768B1 (en) 1997-11-25 1997-11-25 Burner for the operation of a heat generator
AT97810907T ATE232282T1 (en) 1997-11-25 1997-11-25 BURNER FOR OPERATING A HEAT GENERATOR
DE59709281T DE59709281D1 (en) 1997-11-25 1997-11-25 Burner for operating a heat generator
US09/196,115 US5954490A (en) 1997-11-25 1998-11-20 Burner for operating a heat generator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97810907A EP0919768B1 (en) 1997-11-25 1997-11-25 Burner for the operation of a heat generator

Publications (2)

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EP0919768A1 EP0919768A1 (en) 1999-06-02
EP0919768B1 true EP0919768B1 (en) 2003-02-05

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EP97810907A Expired - Lifetime EP0919768B1 (en) 1997-11-25 1997-11-25 Burner for the operation of a heat generator

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EP (1) EP0919768B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE232282T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59709281D1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19859829A1 (en) * 1998-12-23 2000-06-29 Abb Alstom Power Ch Ag Burner for operating a heat generator
DE59907942D1 (en) * 1999-07-22 2004-01-15 Alstom Switzerland Ltd premix
DE10026122A1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2001-11-29 Abb Alstom Power Nv Burner for heat generator has shaping element with inner surface curving away from or towards burner axis; flow from mixing tube contacts inner surface and its spin rate increases
DE10056243A1 (en) 2000-11-14 2002-05-23 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Combustion chamber and method for operating this combustion chamber
DE10064259B4 (en) * 2000-12-22 2012-02-02 Alstom Technology Ltd. Burner with high flame stability
EP1262714A1 (en) * 2001-06-01 2002-12-04 ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd Burner with exhausts recirculation
US6889523B2 (en) * 2003-03-07 2005-05-10 Elkcorp LNG production in cryogenic natural gas processing plants
WO2006058843A1 (en) * 2004-11-30 2006-06-08 Alstom Technology Ltd Method and device for burning hydrogen in a premix burner
EP1843098A1 (en) * 2006-04-07 2007-10-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas turbine combustor
CH701905A1 (en) * 2009-09-17 2011-03-31 Alstom Technology Ltd Method of burning hydrogen-rich, gaseous fuels in a burner and burner for carrying out the method.

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2762428A (en) * 1953-02-05 1956-09-11 Selas Corp Of America Gas-fueled radiant burner
US3083759A (en) * 1957-08-13 1963-04-02 Selas Corp Of America Radiant cup gas burner
US4416620A (en) * 1981-06-08 1983-11-22 Selas Corporation Of America Larger capacity Vortex burner
CH674561A5 (en) 1987-12-21 1990-06-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
NL8902963A (en) * 1989-12-01 1991-07-01 Int Flame Research Foundation PROCESS FOR BURNING FUEL OF LOW NOX CONTENT IN THE COMBUSTION GASES USING THROUGH STAGE FUEL SUPPLY AND BURNER.
US5454712A (en) * 1993-09-15 1995-10-03 The Boc Group, Inc. Air-oxy-fuel burner method and apparatus
DE19547913A1 (en) 1995-12-21 1997-06-26 Abb Research Ltd Burners for a heat generator

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ATE232282T1 (en) 2003-02-15
EP0919768A1 (en) 1999-06-02
US5954490A (en) 1999-09-21
DE59709281D1 (en) 2003-03-13

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