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EP0913639B1 - Dispositif et procédé pour brûler des gaz combustibles - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé pour brûler des gaz combustibles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0913639B1
EP0913639B1 EP99100417A EP99100417A EP0913639B1 EP 0913639 B1 EP0913639 B1 EP 0913639B1 EP 99100417 A EP99100417 A EP 99100417A EP 99100417 A EP99100417 A EP 99100417A EP 0913639 B1 EP0913639 B1 EP 0913639B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
gas
stack
stack pipe
gas mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99100417A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0913639A3 (fr
EP0913639A2 (fr
Inventor
Joshua Swithenbank
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cabot Corp
Original Assignee
Cabot Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cabot Corp filed Critical Cabot Corp
Publication of EP0913639A2 publication Critical patent/EP0913639A2/fr
Publication of EP0913639A3 publication Critical patent/EP0913639A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0913639B1 publication Critical patent/EP0913639B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/08—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks
    • F23G7/085—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks in stacks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/40—Inducing local whirls around flame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2207/00—Ignition devices associated with burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2209/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23D2209/20—Flame lift-off / stability

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for burning combustible gas and a method for using the apparatus.
  • Gases containing common air pollutants such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, soot and other combustibles, are frequently encountered in industries wherein combustion furnaces are utilized.
  • common air pollutants such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, soot and other combustibles
  • combustion furnaces are utilized.
  • devices have been proposed for burning the combustible gases.
  • a commonly utilized device is referred to as a flare stack wherein combustible gas is burned and discharged into the open air.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,828,700 to Ragot discloses an apparatus and process for the smokeless burning of residues.
  • the apparatus consists of a chimney designed for the introduction of air into the burning zone, and a mechanism for introducing the residue into the chimney in the form of a spray.
  • the disclosed apparatus and process require that the residues to be burned off be pulverized or otherwise converted to a spray before introduction into the chimney.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,852,023 to Itoh et al. discloses an apparatus for disposing of gas by burning.
  • the apparatus consists of a plurality of branch pipes connected to a main pipe carrying combustible gas.
  • the gas is channeled into one or more of the branch pipes according to the flow rate in the main pipe.
  • the branch pipes are connected to a combustion furnace having a plurality of stages arranged in vertical order, gas introduced into the combustion furnace through the branch pipes is ignited and burned by ignition means located in the lowermost stage of the furnace.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,898,317 to Hemsath et al. discloses an incineration system for incinerating flue gases which contain a combustible component.
  • the system uses two chambers that are added to a stack emitting industrial gases.
  • the first chamber terminates at the exit end of the stack in an annular passage so that high velocity air, which acts as an air pump, is directed longitudinally relative to the stack.
  • the second chamber is disposed downstream of the first chamber and includes a plurality of burners and a thermocouple that senses the temperature of the gases.
  • a preset temperature is achieved in the chambers by varying the quantities of air emitted from the first chamber as well as the amount of fuel and air supplied to the burners in the second chamber.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,954,386 discloses a flare burner for burning combustible gases.
  • the flare burner consists of a venturi burner tube having specified dimensions, a gas supply pipe having a gas outlet opening at the throat of the venturi burner tube and pilot burner jets for burning combustion gases.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,003,693 discloses a flare stack gas burner consisting of a stack with a centrally disposed combustible gas delivery pipe having a divider with arms for upward delivery of the combustible gas through a plurality of slots to a mixing space.
  • the flare stack also includes a rotary diffuser for mixing the combustible gas with air which is introduced under pressure into the stack.
  • Document US-A-3 893 810 discloses an apparatus and a method for burning the combustible components of a gas stream according to the preamble of claims 1 and 3 respectively.
  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for burning the combustible components of gases produced in industrial processes.
  • the method and apparatus are particularly well suited for use in burning the combustible components of the gas stream exiting from a carbon black furnace during the production of carbon blacks.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is defined in claim 1.
  • the method of the present invention is defined in claim 3.
  • the method of the present invention is preferably performed using the apparatus of the present invention.
  • the gas supply pipe refers to the pipe or conduit emitting gases produced in an industrial process.
  • the gas stream flows from the supply pipe into one end of the stack pipe.
  • the gas supply pipe emits the gas stream resulting from the production of carbon black.
  • the communication between the gas supply pipe and the end of the stack pipe in the apparatus of the present invention should be sufficient to minimize the possibility of gas escaping into the atmosphere at, or near, the position where the supply pipe and the stack pipe are in communication. As explained below, the gas supply pipe and the stack pipe can overlap.
  • the means for introducing air may be any means known to the art.
  • the amount of air introduced should be sufficient to produce an ignitible mixture of air and gas. Such determination is within the skill of those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the means for introducing air comprises an annular space formed between the gas supply pipe and the end of the stack pipe, through the use of different diameter pipes.
  • the ignitible gas and air mixture is then ignited.
  • the means for igniting the gas and air mixture may comprise any means known to the art for igniting combustible gases, including, but not limited to, pilot burners, spark generators and the like.
  • the means for igniting may be located at any position in the apparatus of the present invention where sufficient mixing of the gas and air mixture has occurred to produce an ignitible mixture.
  • the means for igniting is located at a position where the flame, or other igniting means, penetrates the recirculation zone created by the means for stabilizing the ignited gas and air mixture.
  • the ignited gas and air mixture is stabilized to promote substantially complete burning of the combustible components of the gas stream.
  • the means for stabilizing the ignited gas and air mixture comprise means for creating a recirculation zone wherein the ignited gas and air mixture recirculates.
  • the means for stabilizing may comprise a step between a first stack pipe that communicates with the gas supply pipe and a second stack pipe that emits the burned gas and air mixture into the atmosphere.
  • the means for stabilizing may alternatively comprise an object, preferably a cone or hemisphere, located in the interior of the stack pipe that creates recirculation.
  • the emitting end of the stack pipe includes downwash inhibiting means to ensure that the gaseous products resulting from combustion of the gas and air mixture are emitted upwardly into the atmosphere.
  • the method and apparatus of the present invention advantageously burns the combustible components of a gas stream to minimize the emission of pollutants and smoke into the atmosphere.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is particularly advantageous for use on the end of smoke stacks emitting combustible gases from industrial processes.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention is depicted in Figure 1.
  • the apparatus shown in Figure 1 is designed to be constructed over the end of a smoke stack emitting combustible gases.
  • the apparatus of the present invention 1, includes a stack pipe, 4, in communication with a gas supply pipe, 2.
  • the inner diameter of the gas supply pipe, 2, is shown as D1 and the inner diameter of the stack pipe, 4, is shown as D2.
  • the arrangement of supply pipe, 2 and stack pipe, 4 should be such that the possibility of gas escaping into the atmosphere is miniimized. It is preferred that the pipes overlap as shown in Figure 1.
  • D1 is smaller than D2, and gas supply pipe 2, extends into stack pipe 4, thereby creating means, 5, for introducing air into the stack pipe, 4.
  • the distance that the pipes overlap is shown as H1.
  • the means for introducing air into the stack pipe, 5 comprises the annular space between the gas supply pipe, 2 and the stack pipe, 4. Air is drawn through the annular space into the stack pipe 4. As set forth above, the amount of air drawn into stack pipe, 4 should be sufficient to produce an ignitible gas and air mixture. Such determination is within the skill of those of ordinary skill in the art. As also set forth above, the means for introducing air into stack pipe, 4, may alternately comprise other means known in the art such as an air supply pipe in communication with stack pipe, 4.
  • the air mixes with the gases emitted from gas supply pipe, 2, in mixing zone, 6, to form an air and gas mixture.
  • the length of the mixing zone should be sufficient to allow sufficient mixing time for the introduced air and gas to produce an ignitible air gas mixture.
  • the length of the mixing zone is shown as H2.
  • Stack pipe, 4, containing mixing zone, 6, communicates with one end of stack pipe, 10, having inner diameter, D3, and containing means, 14 for igniting the air and gas mixture.
  • Means 14, may comprise any means known to the art for igniting combustible gases, including, but not limited to: pilot burners, spark generators and the like.
  • the means for igniting, 14 may be located at any position in the apparatus of the present invention where sufficient mixing of the gas and air mixture has occurred to produce an ignitible mixture.
  • the means for igniting is located at a position wherein the flame, or other igniting means, penetrates the recirculation zone created by the means for stabilizing the ignited gas and air mixture.
  • the means for igniting, 14, are located a distance P from the end of stack pipe, 4, containing mixing zone, 6.
  • the apparatus of the present invention includes at least one means for igniting, and preferably includes more than one means for igniting spaced around the periphery of stack pipe, 10.
  • the means for igniting may be turned off.
  • the means for igniting is not turned off to ensure a constant burning of the air and gas mixture.
  • D3 is greater than D2, thereby creating step, 8, having a cross sectional width of W2.
  • the width, W2 should be sufficient to create a stabilization zone for the ignited air and gas mixture. Stabilization is achieved by recirculation of the ignited air and gas mixture.
  • the length of stack pipe, 10, is shown as H3.
  • the length H3 should be sufficient to permit substantially complete combustion of the combustible components of the ignited air and gas mixture.
  • the other end of stack pipe, 10, communicates with the atmosphere and includes means for inhibiting downwash, 12, to ensure that the gaseous products resulting from combustion of the gas and air mixture are emitted upwardly into the atmosphere.
  • the means for inhibiting downwash, 12, may comprise a frustoconically flared portion of stack pipe, 10, which increases the diameter of stack pipe, 10, to diameter D4.
  • the length and width of the flared portion of stack pipe, 10, which comprises the downwash inhibiting means, are shown as H4 and W3 respectively.
  • the apparatus of the present invention may be constructed from materials known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to: stainless steel, refractory materials and the like.
  • gas emitted from gas supply pipe, 2 mixes with air in mixing zone, 6.
  • the resulting air and gas mixture travels into stack pipe, 10 where the mixture is ignited by ignition means, 14.
  • the resulting ignited mixture is stabilized as a result of step, 8.
  • the combustible components of the air and gas mixture continue to burn in stack pipe, 10 and are discharged into the atmosphere.
  • Downwash inhibiting means, 12 helps to ensure that the combustion products from the ignited gas and air mixture are emitted upwardly into the atmosphere.
  • FIG. 2 depicts an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • internal flame stabilization means, 20 is provided in stack pipe, 10.
  • the internal flame stabilization means, 20, comprise any object that creates recirculation, preferably a cone or hemisphere and is suspended in the stream flowing through stack pipe 10.
  • the remainder of the apparatus shown in Figure 2 is similar to the apparatus shown in Figure 1 except that in the Figure 2 apparatus, the step, 8, between stack pipes, 4 and 10, has been omitted.
  • the dimensions, including length and internal diameter, of the stack pipes, downwash inhibiting means, and other parts of the apparatus depicted in Figure 2 may, or may not, be the same as those described with reference to Figure 1.
  • the apparatus can be constructed with both the internal flame stabilization means, 20, and external flame stabilization means in the form of the step, 8, between stack pipes 4 and 10.
  • gas emitted from gas supply pipe, 2 mixes with air in mixing zone, 6.
  • the resulting air and gas mixture travels into stack pipe, 10 where the mixture is ignited by ignition means, 14.
  • the resulting ignited mixture by stabilizing means 20.
  • the combustible components of the air and gas mixture continue to burn in stack pipe, 10 and are discharged into the atmosphere.
  • Downwash inhibiting means, 12 helps to ensure that the combustion products from the ignited gas and air mixture are emitted upwardly into the atmosphere.
  • the gas streams were dried to approximately 2% water, by weight, prior to analysis using Perma Pure dryers, manufactured by Perma Pure Products, Incorporated, of Toms River, New Jersey.
  • This example illustrates the effectiveness of the method and apparatus of the present invention.
  • An apparatus of the present invention was placed in communication with the combustion gas stream emitted from a carbon black furnace reactor during a carbon black production run.
  • the apparatus of the present invention was constructed from stainless steel and utilized a propane burner to ignite the air and gas mixture.
  • the geometry, and operating conditions, utilized are set forth in Table 1.
  • compositions of the gas streams entering and leaving the apparatus of the present invention were determined, after drying, according to the procedures described herein. The results are set forth in Table 2 below: Dried Gas Stream Composition Compound Entering Stream Exiting Stream N 2 (vol.%) 62.50 84.18 O 2 (vol. %) 3.56 0.00 CO 2 (vol. %) 2.44 13.61 Ar (vol. %) 0.67 0.99 C 2 H 2 (vol. %) 0.223 ⁇ 0.003 H 2 (vol. %) 14.99 0.18 CO (vol. %) 14.55 0.82 CH 4 (vol.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Dispositif pour brûler les composants combustibles d'un courant gazeux comprenant :
    un tuyau faisceau comprenant une première extrémité et une deuxième extrémité, ladite première extrémité étant en communication avec un tuyau d'alimentation de gaz (2) pour recevoir un courant gazeux ;
    des moyens (5) pour introduire de l'air dans le tuyau faisceau pour produire un mélange d'air et de gaz dans une zone de mélange (6) ;
    des moyens (14) pour enflammer le mélange d'air et de gaz ;
    des moyens (12) disposés à la deuxième extrémité du tuyau faisceau pour inhiber le rabattement des produits gazeux résultant de la combustion du mélange d'air et de gaz ;
       caractérisé en ce que :
    des moyens sont fournis pour provoquer une recirculation du mélange d'air et de gaz enflammé afin de mettre en contact le mélange d'air et de gaz enflammé et le mélange d'air et de gaz non enflammé, comprenant une marche (8) dans le tuyau faisceau ou des moyens de recirculation internes (20) suspendus dans la région intérieure du tuyau faisceau.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 comprenant en outre un premier et un second tuyau faisceau (4, 10) dans lequel le premier tuyau faisceau (4) contient la zone de mélange (6), les moyens (14) pour enflammer le mélange d'air et de gaz sont situés dans le deuxième tuyau faisceau (10) en communication avec le premier tuyau faisceau et ayant un diamètre (D3) plus grand que le premier tuyau faisceau (D2) et dans lequel les moyens de provoquer la recirculation du mélange d'air et de gaz enflammé comprennent la marche (8) entre le premier (4) et le second (10) tuyau faisceau.
  3. Procédé pour brûler les composants combustibles d'un courant gazeux comprenant :
    on introduit un courant gazeux (22) contenant les composants combustibles à une extrémité d'un tube faisceau ;
    on introduit de l'air dans le tube faisceau pour produire un mélange d'air et de gaz ;
    on mélange le mélange d'air et de gaz dans une zone de mélange ;
    on enflamme le mélange d'air et de gaz ;
    on laisse les produits gazeux résultant de la combustion du mélange de gaz et d'air sortir du tube faisceau ;
    on inhibe le rabattement des produits gazeux ;
       et caractérisé en ce que :
    le mélange d'air et de gaz enflammé produit par l'inflammation du mélange d'air et de gaz est mis en recirculation de sorte qu'une portion du mélange d'air et de gaz enflammé est mise en contact avec une portion du mélange d'air et de gaz avant inflammation, dans lequel le procédé pour provoquer la recirculation de la portion du mélange d'air et de gaz enflammé comprend la formation d'une marche dans le tube faisceau ou la suspension de moyens de recirculation interne à l'intérieur du tube faisceau.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la recirculation est produite grâce à l'utilisation d'un premier et d'un second tubes faisceau dans lequel le premier tube faisceau a un diamètre plus petit que le second tube faisceau et le procédé comprend le mélange du mélange d'air et de gaz dans une zone de mélange située dans le premier tube faisceau et la recirculation de la portion du mélange d'air et de gaz enflammé par l'utilisation de la marche entre le premier et le deuxième tube faisceau.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, comprenant en outre la suspension de moyens de recirculation de flamme internes dans la région intérieure du tube faisceau pour provoquer une recirculation.
EP99100417A 1993-03-20 1994-03-14 Dispositif et procédé pour brûler des gaz combustibles Expired - Lifetime EP0913639B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9305820 1993-03-20
GB939305820A GB9305820D0 (en) 1993-03-20 1993-03-20 Apparatus and method for burning combustible gases
EP94912778A EP0688414B1 (fr) 1993-03-20 1994-03-14 Appareil et procede permettant de bruler des gaz combustibles

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94912778A Division EP0688414B1 (fr) 1993-03-20 1994-03-14 Appareil et procede permettant de bruler des gaz combustibles

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0913639A2 EP0913639A2 (fr) 1999-05-06
EP0913639A3 EP0913639A3 (fr) 1999-08-11
EP0913639B1 true EP0913639B1 (fr) 2002-12-04

Family

ID=10732448

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94912778A Expired - Lifetime EP0688414B1 (fr) 1993-03-20 1994-03-14 Appareil et procede permettant de bruler des gaz combustibles
EP99100417A Expired - Lifetime EP0913639B1 (fr) 1993-03-20 1994-03-14 Dispositif et procédé pour brûler des gaz combustibles

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94912778A Expired - Lifetime EP0688414B1 (fr) 1993-03-20 1994-03-14 Appareil et procede permettant de bruler des gaz combustibles

Country Status (14)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0688414B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08507852A (fr)
CN (1) CN1110648C (fr)
AU (1) AU686151B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9406185A (fr)
CA (1) CA2158560A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ290561B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE69419737D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2133550T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB9305820D0 (fr)
HK (2) HK1024943A1 (fr)
PT (1) PT913639E (fr)
TW (1) TW240282B (fr)
WO (1) WO1994021967A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2794846B1 (fr) * 1999-10-12 2001-07-20 Gaz De Petrole Bruleur a obstacle creant une turbulence
FR2880103B1 (fr) * 2004-12-23 2007-07-20 Air Liquide Bruleur muni d'un allumage electrique
GB0509944D0 (en) * 2005-05-16 2005-06-22 Boc Group Plc Gas combustion apparatus
US7707818B2 (en) * 2008-02-11 2010-05-04 General Electric Company Exhaust stacks and power generation systems for increasing gas turbine power output
JP5404031B2 (ja) * 2008-12-26 2014-01-29 三菱重工業株式会社 グランドフレア
JP5657335B2 (ja) * 2010-10-18 2015-01-21 株式会社桂精機製作所 オイルミスト除去用バーナ及びそれを用いた油煙発生源となる装置
CA2892231A1 (fr) * 2013-02-14 2014-08-21 Clearsign Combustion Corporation Bruleur a faible degagement de nox a niveau de dilution selectionnable
CN103912884B (zh) * 2014-01-13 2017-04-12 沈阳农业大学 一种生物质炭化炉尾气处理装置
CN111853833A (zh) * 2020-07-28 2020-10-30 侯洪朝 一种烟气处理方法及装置

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1193820A (en) * 1969-04-19 1970-06-03 Ivor Hawkes Improvements in or relating to Gas Burners
GB1249967A (en) * 1970-07-09 1971-10-13 Joshua Swithenbank Improvements in or relating to waste gas burners
FR2178829B1 (fr) 1972-04-06 1974-12-13 Melle Bezons
US3898317A (en) 1972-07-24 1975-08-05 Midland Ross Corp Method for incinerating flue gases
US3893810A (en) * 1972-12-18 1975-07-08 La Clede Lientz Flare stack burner for odor and pollutant elimination
US3852023A (en) 1972-12-27 1974-12-03 Hitachi Shipbuilding Eng Co Apparatus disposing waste gas by burning
GB1422906A (en) 1973-05-18 1976-01-28 Huettenwerksanlagen Mbh Ges Fu Flare burner for burning off combustible waste gases
US4003693A (en) 1975-03-06 1977-01-18 Combustion Unlimited Incorporated Flare stack gas burner
JP2713627B2 (ja) * 1989-03-20 1998-02-16 株式会社日立製作所 ガスタービン燃焼器、これを備えているガスタービン設備、及びこの燃焼方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2133550T3 (es) 1999-09-16
BR9406185A (pt) 1996-02-06
WO1994021967A1 (fr) 1994-09-29
HK1015166A1 (en) 1999-10-08
DE69419737D1 (de) 1999-09-02
JPH08507852A (ja) 1996-08-20
EP0913639A3 (fr) 1999-08-11
GB9305820D0 (en) 1993-05-05
EP0688414A1 (fr) 1995-12-27
CZ243295A3 (en) 1996-03-13
AU6519194A (en) 1994-10-11
EP0688414B1 (fr) 1999-07-28
DE69904244D1 (de) 2003-01-16
CN1122629A (zh) 1996-05-15
HK1024943A1 (en) 2000-10-27
CA2158560A1 (fr) 1994-09-29
CN1110648C (zh) 2003-06-04
PT913639E (pt) 2003-04-30
TW240282B (fr) 1995-02-11
CZ290561B6 (cs) 2002-08-14
AU686151B2 (en) 1998-02-05
EP0913639A2 (fr) 1999-05-06

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