EP0906394A1

EP0906394A1 - Improved detergent and tableware cleaner

Info

Publication number: EP0906394A1
Application number: EP97914304A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Richard Baur; Werner Bertleff; Birgit Potthoff-Karl; Beate Ehle; Matthias Kroner; Gunnar Schornick
Original assignee: BASF SE
Current assignee: BASF SE
Priority date: 1996-03-26
Filing date: 1997-03-25
Publication date: 1999-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 2017-03-25
Also published as: US6172028B1; JP2000510506A; AU2160097A; BR9701467A; EP0906394B1; JP4240535B2; ES2201281T3; BR9708274A; BR9701467B1; WO1997035949A1; DE59710275D1

Abstract

A mixture containing (a) 0.1 to 99 wt.% of at least one polycarboxylate with at least 3 carboxyl groups, (b) 0.1 to 99 wt.% of at least one amine with a pKs of over 9, and (c) 0.1 to 99 wt.% of at least one acid selected from among mineral and organic acids with one or two carboxyl groups and 10 C atoms at the most, provided that the mixture contains less than 24 wt.% triphosphates, is used in detergent or dishwashing formulations.

Description

Improved detergents and dishwashers

The invention relates to mixtures containing at least one polycarboxylate, at least one amine and at least one acid, detergents containing them and their use as incrustation inhibitors in detergents and as incrustation inhibitors and scale inhibitors in dishwashing detergents.

BE 773 260 describes detergents which, in addition to LAS and tripolyphosphate, contain N-alkylpropane diamines as fabric softener component, in particular N-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine, N-cocopropane-1,3-diamine, or N-tallow fat propane-1,3 diamine.

EP-A-0 173 398 describes detergent compositions which contain a mixture of long-chain primary or secondary amines and cellulose as the essential fabric softening ingredients. Tallow fatty amine can be used as the amine. The compositions may contain alkali metal phosphates and polycarboxylates in addition to LAS and sodium triphosphate.

WO 86/07603 describes detergents for low washing temperatures, which may contain ether amines, amido amines, glucamine or morpholine derivatives, and also polycarboxylic acids. GB-A-2 172 910 describes detergent compositions which have textile softening properties. For this purpose, certain primary, secondary or tertiary amines with a long-chain hydrocarbyl radical are used, in particular N, N-D_methyllaurylamine or N-dimethylcocoamine, which can be mixed with a Brönstedt acid as a dispersant. Inorganic acids as well as organic acids, such as polymeric carboxylic acids, are listed as acids. Monocarboxylic acids are preferred. The compositions contain LAS and sodium tripolyphosphate.

DE-A-195 32 717 describes detergents which contain modified polyaspartic acids as incrustation inhibitors. The polyaspartic acids are polycondensates of aspartic acid, certain amines and acids containing phosphorus.

WO 95/33035 describes detergent compositions which are particularly effective for removing grease / oil-like dirt from substrates such as textile products or dishes. A detergent composition contains 0.5% by weight of 1-hexylamine, 9.0% by weight of C ₁₂ _i ₆ fatty acid and 6.0% by weight of anhydrous citric acid and 10.0% by weight of oleoyl sarcosinate.

An object of the present invention is to provide incrustation inhibitors for detergents and dishwashers.

Another object is to provide incrustation inhibitors for phosphate-reduced or phosphate-free detergents and dishwashers.

Another object is to provide detergents and dishwashers containing incrustation inhibitors. Another object of the present invention is to provide incrustation inhibitors for detergents and dishwashing detergents, which are easier to produce than the aspartic acid polycondensates and have a better effect.

Another object is to provide scale inhibitors for dishwashing detergents

Another object is to provide dishwashing detergents containing scale inhibitors.

Another object is to provide coating inhibitors for dishwashing detergents which have a better action than conventional polycarboxylates.

These problems are solved by a mixture containing

(a) 0.1 to 99 wt .-% of at least one polycarboxylate having at least 3 carboxyl groups, (b) 0, 1 to 99 wt .-% of at least one amine with a _pK a value greater than 9, and

(c) 0.1 to 99% by weight of at least one acid selected from mineral acids and organic acids with one or two carboxyl groups and a maximum of 10 carbon atoms,

with the proviso that the mixture contains less than 24% by weight triphosphates and the total amount of the ingredients gives 100% by weight, and the use of this mixture in detergent or dishwashing detergent formulations. According to the invention it was found that mixtures containing

(a) 0.1 to 99, preferably 30 to 97, in particular 50 to 95% by weight of at least one polycarboxylate with at least 3 carboxyl groups, (b) 0.1 to 99, preferably 0.5 to 50, in particular 1 to 25 wt .-% of at least one amine with a _pK a value greater than 9, preferably from 9.5 to 12, and (c) from 0.1 to 99, preferably 0.3 to 50, especially 0.5 to 40 parts by weight % of at least one acid selected from mineral acids and organic acids with one or two carboxyl groups and a maximum of 10 carbon atoms,

with the proviso that the mixture contains less than 24% by weight, preferably a maximum of 20% by weight of triphosphates and the total amount of the ingredients gives 100% by weight compared to pure polycarboxylates, as described, for example, in DE-A -195 32 717 are described, have improved incrustation-inhibiting and deposit-inhibiting properties.

Components (a), (b) and (c) of the mixtures according to the invention are first described.

Component (a)

Polycarboxylates which can be used according to the invention have at least three carboxyl groups in the molecule. These polycarboxylates according to the invention can be monomeric compounds or polymeric compounds which have a molecular weight distribution. Both naturally occurring and synthetically produced polycarboxylates can be used. According to a preferred embodiment, such polycarboxylates are used which are biodegradable or can be eliminated in sewage treatment plants are. According to one embodiment of the invention, the weight average molecular weights of the polycarboxylates are 100 to 300,000, preferably 800 to 500,000, in particular 800 to 200,000.

According to one embodiment of the invention, low molecular weight carboxylates with 3 to 10 carboxyl groups are used. Suitable low molecular weight polycarboxylates are, for example, citric acid, isocitric acid, aconitic acid, butane tetracarboxylic acid, sucrose diarboxylic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, isoserine diacetic acid, / 3-alanine diacetic acid, diethylene triammine pentaacetic acid, hydroxyethyl diamine diacid acetic acid, hydroxyethyl diamine diacetic acid Atoms in the alkyl radical. According to one embodiment of the invention, the carboxylates contain no aromatic residues.

Polycarboxylates which can be used according to an embodiment of the invention are, for example, proteins which contain aspartic acid or glutamic acid, such as casein, gelatin, wheat proteins, soy proteins, pea proteins, polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, polycocondensates of aspartic acid and / or carboxylic acids. According to one embodiment of the invention, it is advantageous to reduce the molecular weight of the proteins, preferably to a weight average molecular weight of 800 to 200,000, for example by treating them oxidatively, reductively or hydrolytically. The hydrolytic treatment can be carried out with the aid of enzymes, acids or bases.

Polymeric sugar acids such as pectic acid, oxidized polysaccharides such as oxidized starch, oxidized maltodextrins or oxidized cellulose can also be used as polycarboxylates. The degree of oxidation can be different. For example, with starch only the primary CH ₂ OH Group in C ₆ position to the carboxylic acid group to be oxidized to form monocarboxia starch. The oxidation can also occur with cleavage of diol between C ₂ and C ₃ to dialdehyde starch and further oxidation to dicarbox starch or with oxidation of all three carbon atoms in position C ₆ , C ₂ and C ₃ to the tricarboxy starch. All such oxidized polysaccharides can be used, preferably with a weight average molecular weight of 800 to 500,000. The polysaccharides can also be etherified or esterified. The etherification can be carried out with chloroacetic acid. Examples are carboxymethyl starch or carboxymethyl cellulose. Examples of esterified starch are acidic citric acid esters of starch, which are produced by esterifying starch with excess citric acid.

According to one embodiment of the invention it is also possible to use polyesters which are prepared by esterification of polyols such as ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polyalkylene glycols, glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, polyvinyl alcohol with citric acid, tartaric acid or malic acid or butanetetracarbonic acid.

Synthetic polycarboxylates which can be used according to one embodiment of the invention are advantageously prepared by radical polymerization of unsaturated monomers. Examples of monomers used are: acrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, aconitic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, cinnamic acid, acrylic acid esters, such as methacrylate, butyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, oleaginyl acrylate, tallow maleinyl acrylate, and -dimethyl ester, maleic acid mono- and diethyl ester, maleic acid mono- and diisopropyl ester, maleic acid mono- and di-butyl ester, maleic acid mono- and distearyl ester. In addition to the unsaturated carboxylic acids, up to 90% other monomers such as vinyl acetate, Vinyl propionate, vinyl sulfonic acid, vinyl stearate, styrene, olefins such as ethylene, propylene, butene, isobutene, diisobutene, hexene, octene, octadecene, C ₂₀ / C ₂₄ olefin, cyclopentene, cyclopentadiene, cyclohexene, butadiene, vinyl ether, such as methyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, butanediol mono Ethoxylates, allyl alcohol ethoxylates or furan may be included. The polycarboxylates are prepared by known free-radical polymerization methods in the form of solution polymerization or precipitation polymerization in water, polyalkylene glycols, nonionic surfactants, acetone, toluene, o-xylene, isopropanol or other organic solvents. All initiators commonly used are used as radical initiators. If low molecular weight polymers are desired, polymerization can also be carried out in the presence of regulators. According to one embodiment of the invention, the polycarbonate are used in the sodium or potassium salt form. This applies in particular to copolymers of maleic anhydride, which are usually insoluble in water and other solvents. In the hydrolyzed alkali metal salt form, they are then mostly soluble or at least dispersible in water.

According to one embodiment of the invention, graft polymers made from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, methylsulfonic acid, methacrylic acid and glucose, polysaccharides such as starch or starch hydrolysates, proteins, protein hydrolyzates or polyalkylene glycols are also suitable. Examples are graft polymers from acrylic acid and maleic acid on matrix extrins, graft polymers from maleic acid and starch, graft polymers from acrylic acid and casein, graft polymers from acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate and gelatin.

Typical polycarboxylates which can be used according to the invention are polyacrylic acids with molecular weights between 1,000 and 250,000, copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid in a ratio of 70/30 with a molecular weight of 70,000, copolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid in a ratio of 40/60 with a molecular weight of 40,000, Copolymers of maleic acid and isobutene with a molecular weight of 4,000, copolymers of maleic acid and diisobutene with a molecular weight of 12,000, copolymers of maleic acid and styrene with a molecular weight of 20,000, copolymers of maleic acid and C ₂₀ / C ₂₄ -olefin with a molecular weight of 15,000, polyvinylsulfonic acid with a molecular weight of 1,000 , Polymaleic acid with a molecular weight of 1,000, polyaspartic acids with a molecular weight between 1,000 and 50,000, terpolymers of acrylic acid, maleic acid and vinyl acetate with a molecular weight of 40,000, graft polymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid on matrodextrins with a molecular weight of 40,000, graft polymers of acrylic acid and polyethylene glycols 60,000, with grafted polyols from moleic acid and polyethylene glycols with a molecular weight of 20,000.

According to one embodiment, the polycarboxylates contain no aromatic residues.

Component (b)

At least one amine with a pK __ value greater than 9, preferably 9.5 to 12, is used as component (b) of the mixtures according to the invention.

According to one embodiment, the amines contain only aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and / or araliphatic radicals. Araliphatic radicals are to be understood as meaning those in which aromatic radicals are linked to the amine nitrogen atom via alkylene groups.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the amines which can be used have the general formula (II)

R ⁵ NR ⁹ - [(CR ⁷ R ⁸ ) _m -NH] _n -R ⁶ (II) where n has an integer value from 0 to 20 and m has an integer value from 1 to 4, the radical R ^{5 is} a ^ _Q -, preferably C _j . ₂ o-, in particular C i. _j o- alkyl radical, C ₂ _ ₃₀ -, preferably C ₂ . ₂₀ -, in particular C ₂ _ ₁₀ - alkenyl radical and each of the radicals R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ^{9 is} independently of one another a hydrogen atom or as defined for the radical R ⁵ .

According to one embodiment of the invention, n has the value zero, the radical R ⁵¹ is a C ₆ . ₂₀ alkyl or alkenyl radical, the radical R ^{6 is} a C alkyl radical or C ₂ _ ₄ alkenyl radical and the radical R ^{9 is} a hydrogen atom or a C ₁ _ ₄ alkyl radical or C ₂ ^ alkenyl radical.

According to one embodiment of the invention, when used in a detergent, the amine has a pK _j value that is greater than the pH value reduced by 1, preferably greater than the pH value, particularly preferably greater by at least 0.5 is as the pH of the 1 wt .-% wash liquor of the detergent. The pK_.value means the value of the corresponding acid of the amine, that is to say the protonated amine, and is equal to 14-pK _{B of} the amine.

Monovalent or polyvalent amines, preferably having at least 4 carbon atoms, are preferably used as component (b). The amines can be primary, secondary or tertiary. The amines can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic. According to one embodiment of the invention, component (b) are primary amines with preferably 3 to 20, in particular 4 to 10, carbon atoms, such as butylamine, tert-butylamine, sec-butylamine, ethylhexylamine, 2-methylheptylamine, octylamine, 2 -Ethylhexylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, 2-propylheptylamine, undecylamine, cetylamine, tridecylamine, isotridecylamine, fatty amines, such as oleylamine, stearylamine, octadecylamine, tallow fatty amine, hydrogenated tallow fatty amine, amines based on coconut fatty acids, polypropylene amine acids, polypropylene amine, polypropylene amine Alkyl polyethylene oxide amines that can be prepared by amination of alkyl polyglycols. Polyvalent primary amines are, for example, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,8-diaminooctane, 1,3-diaminopropane, isophorone diamine, polyoxyalkylene diamines, such as polyethylene oxide diamine, polypropylene oxide diamine, polybutylene oxide diamine, polytetrahydrofuran diamine, Co (polyethylene oxide / propylene oxide) amines, which are obtained by amination Polyalkylene oxides can be produced, as well as aminated alkoxylated fatty alcohols and oxo alcohols, such as aminated reaction products from a C ₁₆ / C ₁₈ oxo alcohol and 7 mol ethylene oxide, which has subsequently been aminated. These types of amines can be referred to as ether amines.

According to one embodiment of the invention, component (b) are secondary dialkylamines having preferably 5 to 40, in particular 8 to 36, carbon atoms, such as N, N-dibutylamine, N, N-dihexylamine, NN-diisopentylamine, N, N-dipentylamine , N, N-diethylhexylamine, N, N-ditallow fatty amine, hydrogenated N, N-ditallow fatty amine, N, N-distearylamine, N, N-dioley lamin, mixed secondary amines such as N-methyl-N-octylamine, N-methyl -N-stearylamine, N-methyl-N-tallow fatty amine, hydrogenated N-methyl-N-tallow fatty amine, N-methyl-N-decylamine, N-methyl-N-octylamine, N-methyl-N-ethylhexylamine, alkanolamines, or reaction - Products from primary and secondary amines with 1 to 100 mol, preferably 1 to 20 mol, in particular 1 to 15 mol ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, such as reaction products of isotridecy lamin with 7 mol ethylene oxide, reaction products made of N-methyl-N- tallow fatty amine with 10 mol ethylene oxide and 3 mol propylene oxide, from tallow fatty amine with 1 mol ethylene oxide, oleylamine with 3 mol ethylene oxide, from tallow fatty amine with 3 mol Et hy¬ lenoxid and 1 mol propylene oxide, from hydrogenated tallow fatty amine with 2 mol ethylene oxide, from stearyl lamin with 1 mol ethylene oxide. According to one embodiment of the invention, reaction products of primary and secondary amines with other epoxides, such as mono- and polyvalent glycidyl ethers, such as butyl glycidyl ether, ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, C ₁₂ / C ₁ alcohol glycidyl ether, C ₁₃ / C ₁₅ alcohol glycidyl ether, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, o-cresyl glycidyl ether, polypropylene glycidyl ether be used. According to the invention, long-chain epoxides can also be used as epoxides, for example epoxidized castor oil, or alkyloxiranes which can be prepared by epoxidizing olefins, such as propyloxirane, decyloxirane, dodecyloxirane, octadecyloxirane.

According to one embodiment of the invention, tertiary amines can also be used, preferably having 6 to 60, in particular 9 to 54, carbon atoms. Examples are tributylamine, trioctylamine amine, tridecyl amine, tridodecyl, dimethyldodecylamine, Dimethyllaury lamin, Dimethylkokosfettamin, dimethylcetylamine, dimethylstearylamine, dimethyloctadecylamine, tylamin Methyldioc-, methyldidecylamine, Methyldikokosölamin, Methylditalgfettamin, hydrogenated Methylditalgfettamin, Methyldioctadecylamin, _dimethyl-C12 / _C14 - amine, N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine.

According to one embodiment of the invention it is also possible to use polyvalent amines which, in addition to primary amino groups, also have secondary or tertiary amino groups, preferably having 3 to 60, in particular 4 to 40, carbon atoms, for example alkylaminoalkylamines such as 2-ethylaminoethylamine , Tallow fat amino propylamine, hydrogenated tallow fat amino propyl amine, coconut oil amino propylamine, oleyl amino propylamine (for example commercially available as Duomeen from Akzo), 3-isopropylamino propylamine, or dialkyl immoalkylamines such as 3-methyl tallow aminopropylamine 3-Ditallow fatty aminopropyl lamin, 2-dimethylaminoethylamine, 1-diethylamino-4-aminopentane, dimethylaminopropylamine.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it is also possible to use oligomeric or polymeric amines which, for example, secondary amino have groups, preferably with a weight average molecular weight from 100 to 250,000, in particular from 200 to 100,000. Examples are diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylamine, copolymers of vinylamine and vinylformamide, alkylaminopolyalkylene amines, such as N-tallow fat tripropylene tetramine, or dialkylaminopolyalkylene amines, such as N, N-diethyl fat dipropylene lentriamine.

Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the invention, amidoamines can be used, preferably with a weight average molecular weight of 200 to 100,000, in particular 250 to 80,000, which can be prepared by condensing mono- and polyvalent carboxylic acids and at least divalent amines and contain at least one basic amino group, for example a condensation product of 1 mol of stearic acid and 1 mol of hexamethylenediamine, a condensation product of 1 mol of oleic acid and 1 mol of ethylenediamine, a condensation product of 1 mol of C ₁₀ / C ₁₂ fatty acid and 1 mol of isophoronediamine, a condensation product of 1 mol of adipic acid and 2 mol of hexamethylenediamine, a condensation product of 1 mol of phthalic acid and 2 mol of ethylenediamine, a condensation product of 1 mol of oleic acid and 1 mol of ethylenediamine, a condensation product of 2 mol of adipic acid and 3 mol of hexamethylenediamine, a condensation product of 3 mol terephthalic acid and 2 mol of butylenediamine, a condensation product of 4 mol of adipic acid and 3 mol of hexamethylene diamine.

According to one embodiment of the invention, amines can also be ester amines, preferably with a weight average molecular weight of 200 to 100,000, in particular 300 to 10,000, which can be prepared by esterification of alkanolamines with carboxylic acids, for example esters from stearic acid and ethanolamine , Esters from oleic acid and N, N-dimemylethanolamine, esters from tallow fatty acid and diethanolamine, Esters of coconut fatty acid and triethanolamine, esters of phthalic acid and ethanolamine.

According to one embodiment of the invention, N-alkyl-, N-alkenyl- or N-hydroxyalkylglucamines or morpholines having up to 30 carbon atoms can also be used.

The amine is preferably at least one of amines having at least four carbon atoms, preferably of tallow fatty amine, hydrogenated tallow fatty amine, octylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, 2-propylheptylamine, undecylamine, dodecylamine, tridecylamine, cetylamine, stearylamine, palmitylamine, Oleylamine, coconut fatty amine, mono-α-branched secondary amines, bis-α-branched secondary amines of the general formula (I) R ⁴ R ³ HC-HN-CHR ¹ R ² (I), where the radicals R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ independently of one another optionally substituted C _j . ₂₀ alkyl radicals are.

Component (c)

Component (c) of the mixture according to the invention is at least one acid selected from mineral acids and organic acids with one or two carboxyl groups which, according to one embodiment, contain no aromatic radicals.

Acids containing phosphorus are preferred.

As component (c), saturated or unsaturated organic acids with one or two carboxylic acid groups and preferably up to 15 C-

Atoms, in particular up to 10 carbon atoms, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, capric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, maleic acid Acid, fumaric acid, sebacic acid, malic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, tartaric acid, glyoxylic acid, and mineral acids are used.

Examples of mineral acids according to the invention are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, metasilicic acid, boric acid, heteropolyacids of tungsten or molybdenum, acidic ion exchangers, acidic silicates or aluminosilicates, benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid. Acids containing phosphorus are preferably used. Examples are phosphoric acid, diphosphoric acid, triphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, phosphonic acids, primary and secondary phosphoric acid esters, primary and secondary phosphoric acid amides, such as phosphoric acid-2-ethyl-hexyl-, oleyl- or -ditalgfettamide and phosphonic acids such as diethy - Lentriamine pentamethylene lenphosphonic acid.

The mixtures according to the invention which contain components (a), (b) and (c) contain, according to the invention, less than 24% by weight, preferably at most 20% by weight of triphosphate, preferably at most 10% by weight, in particular at most 5 % By weight triphosphate. According to one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures are essentially or completely free from triphosphate.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures according to the invention which contain components (a), (b) and (c) contain a maximum of 20% by weight of LAS, preferably a maximum of 10% by weight, in particular a maximum of 5% by weight of LAS . According to one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures are substantially or completely free of LAS.

Production of the mixtures To produce the mixtures, components (a), (b) and (c) can be mixed in any order. The mixtures (abc) of polycarboxylate (a), amine (b) and acid (c) can be prepared according to the following general scheme:

According to one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures can be prepared by first neutralizing amine (b) and acid (c) at 10 to 150 ° C. and admixing the neutralization product (for example alkylammonium phosphate) with the polycarboxylate. The neutralization of amines and acids can be carried out in bulk or in a diluent. The process in bulk is carried out, for example, in an extruder at 20 to 150 ° C., for example by metering in phosphoric acid and molten tallow fat in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. The alkylammonium phosphate is discharged as a melt and can be made up in the form of strands or granules. According to one embodiment of the invention, water, acetone, methanol, ethanol, glycerin, surfactants, nonionic surfactants, such as alkoxylation products from oxo or fatty alcohols, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyalkylene glycols, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, can be used as diluents for the neutralization. Polypropylene glycol, copo- polymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, block-linked polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols can be used.

If phosphoric acid is used as component (c), the mixtures can advantageously be prepared according to one embodiment of the invention by first bringing alkylamines and phosphoric acids to the neutralization reaction at 10 to 150 ° C. and then bringing the salt-like neutralization products up to 250 ° C to be heated. The tempered alkylammonium phosphates are at least partially subjected to conversion into alkylammonium polyphosphates and alkylamine phosphoric acid amides at temperatures between 150 and 250 ° C. with elimination of water (component (d)). The condensation can be carried out in a diluent or preferably in bulk. Suitable diluents are high-boiling diluents such as glycerol, surfactants, nonionic surfactants, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyalkylene glycols, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, copolymers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, block-linked polyethylene glycols and polypropylene. An extruder, kneader or paddle dryer can be used as the reaction apparatus. The annealed adducts of alkylamine and phosphoric acids are then mixed into the polycarboxylate.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the isolation of the reaction product from amine and acid can also be avoided by the polycarboxylate (a) in the form of an aqueous solution or, if the polycarboxylates (a) are not completely soluble in water, also in the form a suspension with acids (c) and then with amines (b). With this procedure, the polycarboxylates can be used in the form of the anhydrides, acid forms or alkali salt forms. If the polycarboxylates are used in the form of the anhydrides or acids, then after Addition of the amines (b) and acids (c) a neutralization with alkalis can be carried out.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures can be prepared by first adding amines (b) and then acids (c) to the polycarboxylates (a) in the form of an aqueous solution or suspension. The further neutralization can be carried out as described above.

If anhydrides of the polycarboxylates are formed during the polymerization, then according to one embodiment of the invention these anhydrides can also be mixed with components (b) and (c). The hydrolysis can then be carried out with alkalis and converted into an aqueous solution or suspension.

The polycarboxylates are usually used in detergents in the form of the alkali salts. The polycarboxylates can be neutralized before or after the addition of alkylamine and phosphoric acid. The mixtures are then usually neutralized to a pH value between 6 and 10.

If the polycarboxylates are available in solid form, the polycarboxylate powder or granules can also be mixed with the salts from (b) and (c). Solid polycarboxylates can be obtained in the form of powders or granules. For example, a solution of a copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid or its salt can be converted into a solid powder by spray drying or spray granulation. The precipitation polymerization of maleic anhydride and isobutene in organic solvents produces a solid polycarboxylate powder which contains the polycarboxylate in the anhydride form. Solid or similarly manufactured solid polycarbox ylates can then be mixed with solid adducts of the amines (b) and acids (c). The solid adducts from (b) and (c) are obtained, for example, by reacting tallow fatty amine and phosphoric acid in the extruder and then shaping the melt, or by neutralizing the amines (b) and the acids (c) in a diluent , in which the adduct from (b) and (c) is insoluble and precipitates. For example, 2-ethylhexylamine or tallow fatty amine and phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid can be reacted in acetone or toluene, so that the adduct is obtained in the form of a powder.

The possible procedures are illustrated below by way of example: According to one embodiment of the invention, maleic anhydride and isobutene are radically polymerized in the form of a precipitation polymerization in an organic solvent and the resulting polymer is isolated in the anhydride form by filtration. In the anhydride form, the polymer is first mixed with alkyl ammonium phosphate as a slurry in water and then neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the polymer from MA with isobutene can first be hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide solution to form an aqueous sodium salt solution and then treated with alkylammonium phosphate. The aqueous sodium salt solution of the maleic acid / isobutene copolymer can also be mixed first with alkylamine and then with phosphoric acid. But you can also first add phosphoric acid and then tallow fatty amine. It is also possible to first produce a condensation product of tallow fatty amine and phosphoric acid at 200 ° C. and then add this to the aqueous sodium salt solution of the copolymer. According to one embodiment of the invention, an aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid in the acid form can first be mixed with alkylamine and then with phosphoric acid.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a solution of polyacrylic acids can first be neutralized with sodium hydroxide solution and then admixed with tallow fatty amine phosphoric acid salt.

The mixtures (abc) according to the invention can be clearly soluble in water. However, suspensions can also result if one or more components of the mixture (abc) is not soluble in water. In these cases it can be helpful to produce a suspension that is as fine as possible by intensive stirring or shearing. This can be achieved with the aid of a dispersing and homogenizing machine, an intensive mixer, fast rotating agitator equipped with cutting knives, calenders or under the influence of ultrasound.

The mixtures according to the invention can be used in detergents, in particular as an incrustation inhibitor or scale inhibitor. They can also be used in dishwashing detergent formulations, in particular as an incrustation inhibitor or deposit inhibitor.

Detergent formulations

The invention also relates to detergent formulations containing at least one surfactant and a mixture of

(a) at least one polycarboxylate with at least three carboxyl groups,

(b) at least one amine whose _pK a value is greater than the weight decreased by 1 pH value of a first % washing liquor of the detergent, (c) at least one acid selected from mineral acids and organic acids with one or two carboxyl groups and a maximum of 10 C atoms,

and optionally other conventional ingredients, with the proviso that the detergent contains less than 24% by weight triphosphate.

The invention further relates to detergents containing at least one surfactant and a mixture according to the invention and, if appropriate, other customary constituents.

According to one embodiment, the detergents contain 0.01 to 40, preferably 0.1 to 30, in particular 0.5 to 20% by weight of component (a), 0.01 to 20, preferably 0.03 to 10, in particular 0 , 05 to 5% by weight of component (b), and 0.01 to 20, preferably 0.02 to 10, in particular 0.03 to 8% by weight of component (c).

According to one embodiment, the mixtures of (a), (b) and (c) are used in an amount of 0.1 to 20, preferably 1 to 15% by weight in detergent formulations.

The detergents can be in powder form or can also be in liquid form. The composition of detergents and cleaning agents can vary widely. Detergent and cleaning agent formulations usually contain 2 to 50% by weight of surfactants and optionally builders. This information applies to both liquid and powder detergents. Detergent and cleaning agent formulations that are common in Europe, the USA and Japan can be found, for example, in Chemical and Engn. News, volume 67, 35 (1989). More information on the composition of detergents and cleaning agents can Ulimann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1983, 4th edition, pages 63 to 160.

Reduced phosphate detergents are understood to mean those formulations which contain a maximum of 25% by weight of phosphate, calculated as pentasodium triphosphate. The detergents can be heavy duty detergents or special detergents. Both anionic and nonionic or mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants are suitable as surfactants. The surfactant content of the detergents is preferably 8 to 30% by weight.

Surfactants

Suitable anionic surfactants are, for example, fatty alcohol sulfates of fatty alcohols having from 8 to 22, preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms, such as C ₉ - to C _j -Alkoholsufate, C ₁₂ - to C ₁₃ - alcohol sulfates, cetyl sulfate, myristic stylsulfat, palmityl, stearyl and Talgfettalkoholsufat.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are sulfated, ethoxylated C ₈ to C ₂₂ alcohols or their soluble salts. Compounds of this type are prepared, for example, by first alkoxylating a C ₈ to C ₂₂ , preferably a C ₁₀ to C ₁₈ alcohol and then sulfating the alkoxylation product. Ethylene oxide is preferably used for the alkoxylation, 2 to 50, preferably 3 to 20, moles of ethylene oxide being used per mole of fatty alcohol. However, the alkoxylation of the alcohols can also be carried out using propylene oxide alone and, if appropriate, butylene oxide. Such alkoxylated C ₈ are suitable also - to C ₂₂ alcohols, the ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or ethylene oxide and butylene oxide. The alkoxylated C ₈ to C ₂₂ alcohols can Contain ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and butylene oxide units in the form of blocks or in statistical distribution.

Further suitable anionic surfactants are alkyl sulfonates such as C ₈ -C ₂₄ -, preferably C ₁₀ -C ₁₈ alkanesulfonates, and soaps, such as the salts of C ₈ -C ₂ -carboxylic acids.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are N-acyl sarcosinates with aliphatic saturated or unsaturated C ₈ to C ₂₅ acyl radicals, preferably C ₀ to C 1-4 acyl radicals, such as N-oleoylsarcosinate.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are C ₉ to C ₂₀ linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS). The polymers according to the invention are preferably used in low-LAS detergent formulations with less than 4%, particularly preferably in LAS-free formulations.

The anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of

Added salts. Suitable cations in these salts are alkali metal salts such as sodium, potassium, lithium and ammonium salts, such as hydroxyethylammonium, di (hydroxyethyl) ammonium and tri (hydroxyethyl) ammonium salts.

Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated C ₈ to C ₂₂ alcohols. The alkoxylation can be carried out using ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide. All alkoxylated alcohols which contain at least two molecules of an alkylene oxide mentioned above can be used as the surfactant. Here too, block polymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide come into consideration or addition products which contain the alkylene oxides mentioned in a statistical distribution. 2 to 5, preferably 3 to 20, mol of at least one alkylene oxide are used per mole of alcohol. Preferably is used as the alkylene oxide ethylene oxide. The alcohols preferably have 10 to 18 carbon atoms.

Another class of nonionic surfactants are al yl polyglucosides with 8 to 22, preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. These compounds contain an average of 1 to 20, preferably 1.1 to 5, glucoside units.

Another class of nonionic surfactants are N-alkylglucamides of the general structures (III) and (IV)

A-C-N-C (III) A-N-C-C (IV)

II I I II O B B O

where A is a C ₆ to C ₂₂ alkyl, B is an H or C _r to C ₄ alkyl and C is a polyhydroxyalkanyl radical having 5 to 12 C atoms and at least 3 hydroxy groups. A is preferably C ₁₀ to C ₁₈ alkyl, B is CH ₃ and C is a C ₅ or C ₆ radical. For example, such compounds are obtained by the acylation of reducing aminated sugars with acid chlorides of C ₁₀ -C ₁₈ carboxylic acids. The detergent formulations preferably contain 3 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide ethoxylated C ₁ -C ₁₆ -alcohols, particularly preferably ethoxylated fatty alcohols as nonionic surfactants.

Further preferred surfactants are the end group-capped fatty acid amide alkoxylates of the general formula (V) known from WO 95/11225

R ¹ -CO-NH- (CH ₂ ) _n -O- (AO) _x -R ² (V) in the

R ¹ denotes a C ₅ to C ₂₁ alkyl or alkenyl radical,

R ^{2 represents} a C to C ₄ alkyl group, A represents C ₂ to C ₄ alkylene, n denotes the number 2 or 3 and x has a value from 1 to 6.

Examples of such compounds are the reaction products of n-butyltriglycolamine of the formula H ₂ N- (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O) ₃ -C ₄ H ₉ with methyl dodecanoate or the reaction products of ethyltetraglycolamine of the formula H ₂ N- ( CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O) ₄ -C ₂ H ₅ with a commercially available mixture of saturated C ₈ - to C ₁₈ -fatty acid methyl esters.

Builder

The powdered or granular detergents and optionally also structured liquid detergents also contain one or more inorganic builders. All common inorganic builders such as aluminosilicates, silicates, carbonates and phosphates are suitable as inorganic builders.

Suitable inorganic builders are, for example, aluminosilicates with ion-exchanging properties, such as zeolites. Different types of zeolites are suitable, in particular zeolite A, X, B, P, MAP and HS in their Na form or in forms in which Na are partly replaced by other cations such as Li, K, Ca, Mg or ammonium . Suitable zeolites are described, for example, in EP-A-0 038 591, EP-A-0 021 491, EP-A-0 087 035, US 4 604 224, GB-A-2 013 259, EP-A-0 522 726, EP-A-0 384 070 and WO 94/24251.

Other suitable inorganic builders are, for example, amorphous or crystalline silicates, such as amorphous disilicates, crystalline disilicates, such as the layered silicate SKS-6 (manufacturer Hoechst AG). The silicates can be used in the form of their alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts. Na, Li and Mg silicates are preferably used.

Other suitable inorganic builder substances are carbonates and hydrogen carbonates. These can be used in the form of their alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts. Na, Li and Mg carbonates or hydrogen carbonates, in particular sodium carbonate and / or sodium hydrogen carbonate, are preferably used.

The inorganic builders can be present in the detergents in amounts of 0 to 60% by weight together with organic cobuilders which may be used. The inorganic builders can be incorporated into the detergent either alone or in any combination with one another. In powdered or granular detergents, they are used in amounts of 10 to 60% by weight, preferably in amounts of 20 to 50% by weight. In structured (multi-phase) liquid detergents, inorganic builders are used in amounts of up to 40% by weight, preferably up to 20% by weight. They are suspended in the liquid formulation components.

Organic powder builders are present in powder or granule form and in liquid detergent formulations in amounts of 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably in amounts of 1 to 15% by weight, together with inorganic builders. The powder or granular heavy-duty detergents can a bleaching system consisting of at least one bleaching agent, optionally in combination with a bleaching activator and / or a bleaching catalyst, as other usual constituents.

Bleach

Suitable bleaching agents are perborates and percarbonate in the form of their alkali metal salts, especially their Na salts. They are contained in the formulations in amounts of 5 to 30% by weight, preferably 10 to 25% by weight. Other suitable bleaching agents are inorganic and organic peracids in the form of their alkali or magnesium salts or in some cases also in the form of the free acids. Examples of suitable organic percarboxylic acids or salts are e.g. Mg monoterephthalate, phthalimidopercaproic acid and dodecane-1,10-diper acid. An example of an inorganic peracid salt is potassium peroxomonosulfate (oxone).

Suitable bleach activators are, for example

- Acylamines, such as tetraacetylethylenediamine, tetraacetylglycoluril, N, N'-diacetyl-N, N'-dimethylurea and 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine

acylated lactams such as acetylcaprolactam, octanoylcaprolactam and benzoylcaprolactam

substituted phenol esters of carboxylic acids, such as Na-acetoxybenzenesulfonate, Na-octanoyloxybenzenesulfonate and Na-nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate

acylated sugars, such as pentaacetyl glucose Anthranil derivatives, such as 2-methylanthranil or 2-phenylanthranil

Enol esters such as isopropenyl acetate

Oxime esters, such as O-acetylacetone oxime

Carboxylic anhydrides such as phthalic anhydride or acetic anhydride.

Tetraacetylethylene diamine and Na nonanoyloxy benzene sulfonates are preferably used as bleach activators. The bleach activators are full detergents in amounts of 0.1 to 15% by weight, preferably in amounts of 1.0 to 8.0% by weight, particularly preferably in amounts of 1.5 to 6.0% by weight. % added.

Suitable bleaching catalysts are quaternized imines and sulfonimines, as described in US Pat. No. 5,360,568, US Pat. No. 5,360,569 and EP-A-0 453 003, and Mn complexes, see WO 94/21777. If bleach catalysts are used in the detergent formulations, they are in amounts of up to 1.5% by weight, preferably up to 0.5% by weight, in the case of the very active manganese complexes in amounts of up to 0.1% by weight. contain.

Enzymes

The detergents preferably contain an enzyme system. These are proteases, lipases, amylases and cellulases commonly used in detergents. The enzyme system may be limited to a single one of the enzymes or may include a combination of different enzymes. Of the commercially available enzymes, amounts of 0.1 to 1.5% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 1.0% by weight, of the compounded enzyme are generally added to the detergents. Suitable proteases are, for example, Savinase and Esperase (manufacturer Novo Nordisk). A suitable lipase is, for example, Lipolase (manufacturer Novo Nordisk). A suitable cellulase is, for example, Celluzym (manufacturer Novo Nordisk).

Other common ingredients

The detergents preferably contain soil release polymers and / or graying inhibitors as other common constituents. These are, for example, polyesters made from polyethylene oxides with ethylene glycol and / or propylene glycol and aromatic dicarboxylic acids or aromatic and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, or polyesters from polyethylene oxides which are end group-capped with di- and / or polyhydric alcohols and dicarboxylic acids. Such polyesters are known, see US 3,557,039, GB-A-1 154 730, EP-A-0 185 427, EP-A-0 241 984, EP-A-0 241 985, EP-A-0 272 033 and US 5,142,020.

Other suitable soil release polymers are amphiphilic graft or copolymers of vinyl and / or acrylic esters on polyalkylene oxides, see US Pat. No. 4,746,456, US Pat. No. 4,846,995, DE-A-3,711,299, US Pat. No. 4,904,408, US Pat. No. 4,846 994 and US 4,849,126 or modified celluloses such as methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose.

Graying inhibitors and soil release polymers in the detergent formulations are 0 to 2.5% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 1.5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.3 to 1.2% by weight contain. Soil release polymers used with preference are the graft polymers of vinyl acetate on polyethylene oxide of molecular weight 2,500-8,000 in a weight ratio of 1.2: 1 to 3.0: 1, known from US Pat. No. 4,746,456, and commercially available polyethylene terephthalate / polyoxyethylene terephthalates of molecular weight 3,000 up to 25,000 from polyethylene oxides of molecular weight 750 to 5,000 with terephthalic acid and ethylene oxide and a molar ratio of polyethylene terephthalate to polyoxyethylene terephthalate of 8: 1 to 1: 1 and the block polycondensates known from DE-A-44 03 866, the blocks of ester units from polyalkylene glycols with a molecular weight of 500 to 7,500 and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and / or monohydroxymonocarboxylic acids and blocks from ester units from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols. These amphiphilic block copolymers have molecular weights from 1,500 to 25,000.

A typical powder or granular heavy-duty detergent can have, for example, the following composition:

3 to 50, preferably 8 to 30% by weight of at least one anionic and / or nonionic surfactant,

5 to 50, preferably 15 to 42.5% by weight of at least one inorganic builder,

5 to 30, preferably 10 to 25% by weight of an inorganic bleaching agent, 0.1 to 15, preferably 1 to 8% by weight of a bleach activator,

0 to 1, preferably up to at most 0.5% by weight of a bleaching catalyst,

0.05 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 2.5% by weight, of a color transfer inhibitor based on water-soluble homopolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone or N-vinylimidazole, water-soluble copolymers of N-vinylimidazole and N-vinylpyrrole - Don, crosslinked copolymers of N-vinylimidazole and N-vinylpyrrolidone with a particle size of 0.1 to 500, preferably up to 250 microns, these copolymers 0.01 to 5, preferably 0.1 to 2 wt .-% Contain N, N'-divinylethylene urea as crosslinker. Further color transfer inhibitors are water-soluble and also crosslinked polymers of 4-vinylpyridine-N-oxide, which are obtained by polymerizing

4-vinylpyridine and subsequent oxidation of the polymers are available,

0.1 to 20, preferably 1 to 15% by weight of at least one mixture according to the invention of components (a), (b) and (c),

0.2 to 1.0% by weight of protease,

0.2 to 1.0% by weight lipase,

0.3 to 1.5% by weight of a soil release polymer,

less than 24% by weight, preferably at most 20% by weight, preferably at most 10% by weight, in particular no triphosphate, According to one embodiment, a maximum of 20% by weight, preferably a maximum of 10% by weight, in particular no LAS,

the total amount of ingredients being 100% by weight.

A bleaching system is often completely or partially dispensed with in color-preserving special detergents (for example in so-called color detergents). A typical powder or granular color detergent can have the following composition, for example:

10 to 60, preferably 20 to 55% by weight of at least one inorganic builder,

0 to 15, preferably 0 to 5% by weight of an inorganic bleaching agent,

0.05 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 2.5% by weight, of a color transfer inhibitor, see above,

0.2 to 1.0% by weight of protease,

0.2 to 1.0% by weight cellulase, 0.2 to 1.5% by weight of a soil release polymer, for example a graft polymer of vinyl acetate on polyethylene glycol,

less than 24% by weight, preferably at most 10% by weight, in particular no triphosphate,

According to one embodiment, a maximum of 20% by weight, preferably a maximum of 10% by weight, in particular no LAS,

the total amount of ingredients being 100% by weight.

The powdery or granular detergents can contain up to 60% by weight of inorganic adjusting agents as other common constituents. Sodium sulfate is usually used for this. However, the detergents according to the invention are preferably low in adjusting agents and contain up to 20% by weight, particularly preferably up to 8% by weight of adjusting agents.

The detergents according to the invention can have different bulk densities in the range from 300 to 950 g / l. Modern compact laundry detergents generally have high bulk densities, such as 550 to 950 g / 1, and show a granular structure.

The liquid detergents according to the invention contain, for example

5 to 60, preferably 10 to 40% by weight of at least one anionic and / or nonionic surfactant,

0.05 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 2.5% by weight, of a color transfer inhibitor (see above), 0.1 to 20, preferably 1 to 15% by weight of at least one mixture according to the invention described above,

0 to 1.0% by weight of protease,

0 to 1.0% by weight cellulase,

0 to 1.5% by weight of a soil release polymer and / or graying inhibitor,

0 to 60% by weight of water,

0 to 10% by weight of alcohols, glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or propylene glycol or glycerin,

the total amount of ingredients being 100% by weight.

The detergents can optionally contain other customary additives. Complexing agents, phosphonates, optical brighteners, dyes, perfume oils, foam attenuators and corrosion inhibitors can, for example, be contained as further additives.

The detergent formulations below can be prepared using the mixtures according to the invention. The compositions A - M are compact detergents, N and O are examples of color detergents, and the formulation P is a structured liquid detergent. The abbreviations have the following meaning:

TAED: tetraacetylethylenediamine Soil release additive 1: polyethylene terephthalate / polyoxyethylene terephthalate in a molar ratio of 3: 2, molar mass of the condensed polyethylene glycol 4,000, molar mass of the polyester 10,000

Soil release additive 2: graft polymer of vinyl acetate on polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 8,000, molecular weight of the graft polymer 24,000

EO: ethylene oxide

Detergent compositions A-P

(Continuation of the table)

Geschi-Teiniperformulierunpen

According to one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures of (a), (b) and (c), as described above, are used in dishwashing detergent formulations, in particular as an incrustation inhibitor and / or deposit inhibitor.

The preferred embodiments of the compositions and amounts given above also apply to the dishwashing detergent formulations.

The dishwashing detergents can be in powder form or can also be in liquid form. The composition of the dishes can vary widely. They usually contain sodium citrate, sodium carbonate and sodium disilicate. Dishwashing detergent formulations are given below by way of example.

Dishwashing detergent formulations A-P

(1) NTA, MGDA, EDDS, ADA

(2) HEDP, PBTC, ATMP The mixtures, detergents and cleaning agents according to the invention are explained in more detail below with the aid of examples. Unless stated otherwise, percentages relate to the weight.

example 1

Production of tallow fatty amine phosphoric acid salt

535 g of tallow fatty amine are dissolved in 1,500 ml of acetone, and 261 g of 75% phosphoric acid are added with stirring. The precipitate is filtered off with a suction filter and dried. The yield is 720 g. The salt has a waxy consistency.

Example 2

Production of tallow fatty amine phosphoric acid salt

13.5 g of tallow fatty amine are melted in a beaker at 60 ° C. and mixed with 6.5 g of 75% phosphoric acid with a spatula while stirring. The temperature of the paste rises. After cooling, you get a soft wax that can be easily cut.

Example 3

20 g of the salt prepared in Example 1 are poured into a 100 ml round-bottomed flask which is flushed with nitrogen and heated to 200 ° C. for 4 hours. After cooling, the wax-like content is crushed and analyzed analytically. It consists of 1/3 of tallow fatty amine phosphoric acid salt and 2/3 of a condensation product of tallow fatty amine and phosphoric acid.

Example 4 Production of tallow fatty amine polyphosphoric acid salt

56 g of tallow fatty amine are dissolved in 150 ml of toluene at 70 ° C. and 16 g of polyphosphoric acid are added within 15 minutes. The resulting precipitate is suctioned off and dried.

Example 5

13.7 g of tallow fatty amine are dissolved in 40 g of glycerol at 60 ^° C. and 6.5 g of 75% phosphoric acid are added. A viscous paste is obtained.

Example 6-8

Tallow fatty amine, a reaction product of a C ₁₆ / C ₁₈ oxo alcohol with 7 mol ethylene oxide (nonionic surfactant) and water according to Table 1, are prepared in a beaker at 60 ° C. and 75% phosphoric acid is added. Viscous pastes are obtained, which solidify softly like a wax upon cooling.

Table 1

Production of the blends

Example 9

According to Table 2, aqueous solutions of polycarboxylates in the sodium form are mixed with tallow fatty amine phosphoric acid salt and dispersed as finely as possible with the aid of a dispersing machine (Ultra Turrax). Depending on the polymer, clear solutions to cloudy suspensions result.

Table 2

Polymer No. 1: copolymer of maleic acid and acrylic acid in a ratio of 70:30 in the form of the sodium salt, 40%, molecular weight 70,000

Polymer No. 2: copolymer of maleic acid and diisobutene in the form of the sodium salt, 44%, molecular weight 4,000 Polymer No. 3: polyacrylic acid in the form of the sodium salt,

45%, molecular weight 8,000

Polymer No. 4: polyaspartic acid, sodium salt, 42%, molecular weight 30,000

S: cloudy solution

L: clear solution

Example 17

40 g of a copolymer of maleic anhydride and isobutene with a molecular weight of 6,000 (which is present in the anhydride form) are suspended in 40 ml of water and 4 g of tallow fatty amine-phosphoric acid salt are added. The suspension is neutralized with 50% by weight sodium hydroxide solution until the pH of the solution is between 7 and 8 and the polymer is dissolved. The solids content of the solution is 44%.

Example 18

40 g of the polymer from Example 17 are suspended in 40 ml

4 g of tallow fatty amine polyphosphoric acid salt are added to the water and hydrolyzed with sodium hydroxide solution. The solids content of the resulting solution is

43%.

Example 19

0.1 kg of the tallow fatty amine-phosphoric acid salt from Example 1 are mixed with 0.9 kg of a powdery copolymer of 70% acrylic acid and 30% maleic acid in the sodium salt form, which was prepared by spray drying an aqueous solution, in a paddle mixer. A free-flowing powder is obtained.

0.05 kg of the powder mixture is mixed with 0.95 kg of a powder detergent in a paddle mixer until an even distribution is achieved. The powder detergent C thus obtained then has the following composition:

Using the mixtures according to the invention from Examples 1 to 8, the detergent formulations described in Table 3 were prepared using the powder detergent C.

Table 3 contains the results obtained when testing the incrustation-inhibiting effect. The detergent formulations described in the table were used for washing test fabrics made of cotton. The number of washing cycles was 15. After this type of washing, the ash content of the fabric was determined by ashing the test fabric in each case. Washing conditions

Device: Launder-o-meter from Atlas, Chicago

Number of wash cycles: 15

Wash liquor: 250 ml liquor

Washing time: 30 min at 60 ° C

Detergent dosage: 4.5g / l

Water hardness: 22.4 ° dH (4 mmol Ca / 1; Ca: Mg

= 4: 1)

Test fabric: 20 g cotton-nettle fabric

Table 3

Incrustation inhibition of various cobuilders or mixtures

It is clear from the results given in Table 3 that the ash formation of test fabrics is considerably reduced when the mixtures according to the invention are used. This corresponds to a significantly improved incrustation inhibition on the tissue.

Dishwashing detergent

The dish detergent E was mixed together and has the following

Composition: sodium citrate * 2 H ₂ O 20%

Sodium disilicate amorphous 24%

Sodium arbonate 40%

Sodium perborate * 1 H ₂ O 7%

TAED 2% non-ionic low-foaming surfactant 2%

Scale inhibitor 5%

Examples of the deposit inhibitor are:

a) mixture of 10% tallow fatty amine phosphoric acid salt and 90%

Copolymer of 70% acrylic acid and 30% maleic acid in the sodium form

b) mixture of 10% tallow fatty amine phosphoric acid salt and 90% copolymer of 50% maleic acid and 59% isobutene in the

Sodium form

c) Mixture of 10% tallow fatty amine phosphoric acid salt and 90% polyacrylic acid (MW: 8000) in the sodium form

d) Mixture of 10% tallow fat polyamine phosphoric acid additive and 90% polyacrylic acid

The test for scale-inhibiting effect is carried out in such a way that 4 g of the dishwashing detergent formulation described above per liter Drinking water of 10 ° dH used. In a Miele G 590 SC household dishwashing machine, 15 washing cycles are carried out using a set of dishes consisting of black porcelain plates, knives and drinking glasses. After the 15 washing cycles, the dishes were assessed visually. The grade 0 means that there is no deposit on the dishes even after 15 cycles, the grade 9 on the other hand means a very strong deposit. The grades 1-8 are gradations between the grades 0 and 9. The dishwashing results are given in the table. As can be seen from this, the mixtures of amines and phosphoric acid and polycarboxylate are better deposit inhibitors than the commonly used polycarboxylates.

Table 4

Dishwashing detergent E

Claims

claims

1. Mixture containing

(a) 0.1 to 99% by weight of at least one polycarboxylate with at least 3 carboxyl groups, (b) 0.1 to 99% by weight of at least one amine with a pK. value greater than 9, and

(c) 0.1 to 99% by weight of at least one acid, selected from mineral acids and organic acids with one or two carboxyl groups and a maximum of 10 carbon atoms, with the proviso that the mixture is less than 24% by weight. -% contains tri-phosphates and the total amount of ingredients is 100% by weight.

2. Mixture according to claim 1, wherein the polycarboxylate at least one of the basic building blocks acrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride,

Aspartic acid, and optionally isobutene, contains diisobutene, optionally in the form of an alkali metal salt.

3. Mixture according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amine (b) is at least one of amines having at least four carbon atoms, preferably from tallow fatty amine, hydrogenated tallow fatty amine, octylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, 2-propylheptylamine, Undecylamine, dodecylamine, tridecylamine, cetylamine, stearylamine, palmitylamine, oleylamine, coconut fatty amine, mono-α-branched secondary amines, bis- α-branched secondary amines of the general formula (I) R ⁴ R ³ HC-HN-CHR ¹ R ² (I), where the radicals R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ^{4 are,} independently of one another, optionally substituted C ₂₀ alkyl radicals, and also amines of the general formula (II) R ⁵ NR ⁹ - [(CR ⁷ R ⁸ ) _m -NH] _n -R ⁶ (II),

where n has an integer value from 0 to 20 and m has an integer value from 1 to 4, the radical R ^{5 is} a C,. ₃₀ -, preferably C, _ ₂₀ -, especially C _j . _jQ alkyl group, C ₂ . ₃₀ -, preferably C ₂ . ₂₀ -, in particular C ₂ . ₁₀ - Alkenyl radical and each of the radicals R ⁶ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ and R ^{9 is} independently a hydrogen atom or as defined for the radical R ⁵ .

4. Mixture according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the acid (c) is a phosphorus-containing acid.

5. Use of a mixture according to one of claims 1 to 4 in detergents, in particular as an incrustation inhibitor.

6. Use of a mixture according to one of claims 1 to 4 in dishwashing detergent formulations, in particular as an incrustation inhibitor and deposit inhibitor.

7. Detergent or dishwashing detergent formulation containing at least one surfactant and a mixture of

(a) at least one polycarboxylate with at least three carboxyl groups,

(b) at least one amine whose _pK a value is greater than the weight decreased by 1 pH value of a first % washing liquor of the detergent, (c) at least one acid selected from mineral acids and organic acids with one or two carboxyl groups and a maximum of 10 carbon atoms, and optionally other customary ingredients, with the proviso that the detergent or dishwashing detergent is less than 24% by weight. - Contains% triphosphate.

8. Detergent or dishwashing detergent formulation containing at least one surfactant and a mixture according to one of claims 1 to 4 and, if appropriate, other customary ingredients.

9. detergent or dishwashing detergent formulation according to claim 7 or 8, containing

0.01 to 40% by weight of component (a), 0.01 to 20% by weight of component (b), and

0.01 to 20% by weight of component (c), the total amount of the ingredients giving 100% by weight.

10. Use of a detergent formulation according to any one of claims 7 to 9 for cleaning textiles, in particular for Inkrustations¬ inhibition.

11. Use of a dishwashing detergent formulation according to one of claims 7 to 9 for cleaning hard surfaces, in particular dishes, especially for inhibiting incrustation and deposits.