BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an edge-polishing
apparatus and method for automatically mirror finishing edges
of a workpiece such as a semiconductor wafer which has been
subjected to chamfering.
Description of the Prior Art
Fig. 8 is a block diagram showing an edge-polishing
apparatus known to the inventor.
The edge-polishing apparatus illustrated, generally
designated at 100, comprises an edge-polishing section 101,
a cleaning or washing section 102 and a storage section 103.
A plurality of workpieces in the form of silicon wafers W
stored in a cassette in their dry state are transported one
by one to the edge-polishing section 101 where edges of each
silicon wafer W are subjected to mirror finishing while being
supplied with slurry. The silicon wafers W thus having been
mirror finished are then transported to the cleaning section
102, where pure water is showered on the silicon wafers W to
clean or wash off slurry and the like attached thereto.
Thereafter, the silicon wafers W thus cleaned are transferred
to the storage section 103 in which they are soaked or
immersed in the pure water in a tank.
In this manner, the edge polishing, cleaning and
storing of the silicon wafers W are carried out in a
continuous manner by means of a single edge-polishing
apparatus, thus improving efficiency in the wafer-processing
operations.
With the above-mentioned edge-polishing apparatus,
however, there is the following problem.
In the processing operations, surfaces of the silicon
wafers W are liable to be smeared, stained, soiled or
contaminated. That is, the surfaces of the silicon wafers W
are hydrophobic, so that pure water is attached to the
silicon wafers W in a droplet state, as shown in Fig. 9. In
the water droplets, impurities such as abrasive grains of
slurry or the like supplied to the wafers W at the edge-polishing
section 101 are aggregated and appear on the
surfaces of the silicon wafers W as smear, stain, soil, blur
or the like during drying thereof.
In order to cope with such a problem, it is
considered that the silicon wafers W are subjected to scrub
cleaning or washing at the cleaning section 102.
Specifically, the silicon wafers W are subjected not only to
simple showering of pure water but also scrubbing so that the
silicon wafers W are supplied with a shower of pure water
while at the same time being scrubbed by means of brushes to
remove or scrape off the impurities thereon. In this manner,
it is possible to achieve substantially complete cleaning of
the silicon wafers W without producing any smear, stain, soil
or the like.
In this approach, however, there is a fear that the
surfaces of the silicon wagers W might be damaged or marred
by the blushes.
Moreover, with the known edge-polishing apparatus,
since the silicon wafers W are stored in a wet state in the
storage section 103, it is necessary to clean and dry the
silicon wafers W before they are transported to a clean room
for the next processing thereof. Thus, the silicon wafers W
having once been processed by means of the edge-polishing
apparatus can not directly be transported to the clean
room.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the above, the present invention is
intended to obviate the above-mentioned problems, and has for
its object to provide a novel and improved edge-polishing
apparatus and method which are capable of not only preventing
the surfaces of workpieces such as silicon wafers from being
smeared, stained, soiled, damaged or marred by forming
hydrophilic oxide films thereon, and but also of storing the
workpieces in a dry state.
Bearing the above object in mind, according to a
first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an
edge-polishing apparatus comprising:
an oxide-film forming means for covering surfaces of
a workpiece with a hydrophilic oxide film, the workpiece
having a chamfered edge; and an edge-polishing means for mirror finishing the
chamfered edge of the workpiece covered with the oxide
film.
With the above arrangement, the surfaces of the
workpiece are covered with the hydrophilic oxide film in the
oxide-film forming means, and the chamfered edge of the
workpiece is mirror finished by the edge-polishing means.
In a preferred form of the edge-polishing apparatus,
the oxide-film forming means forms the oxide film on the
workpiece surfaces by immersing the workpiece into ozone
water.
In another preferred form of the edge-polishing
apparatus, the oxide-film forming means forms the oxide film
on the workpiece surfaces by immersing the workpiece into
electrolytically oxidized water.
In a further preferred form of the edge-polishing
apparatus, a cleaning means is provided at a downstream side
of the edge-polishing means for cleaning the workpiece having
its edge mirror finished by the edge-polishing means.
With this arrangement, mirror finishing of the
workpiece edge and cleaning of the workpiece can be effected
by use of the single apparatus.
In a still further preferred form of the edge-polishing
apparatus, the cleaning means comprises a scrub
cleaning means for cleaning the workpiece by spraying thereto
a shower of pure water while brushing the workpiece by means
of rotating brushes.
With this arrangement, it is possible to achieve
substantially complete cleaning of the workpiece.
In a yet further preferred form of the edge-polishing
apparatus, a drying means is provided at a downstream side of
the cleaning means for drying the workpiece which has been
cleaned by the cleaning means.
With this arrangement, it is possible to achieve
mirror finishing of the workpiece edge, cleaning and drying
of the workpiece by use of the single apparatus, and hence it
is possible to provide the workpiece in a dry state.
According to a second aspect of the present
invention, there is provided an edge-polishing method
comprising:
an oxide-film forming step for covering surfaces of
a workpiece with a hydrophilic oxide film, the workpiece
having a chamfered edge; and an edge-polishing step for mirror finishing the edge
of the workpiece which has been subjected to the oxide-film
forming step.
In a preferred form of the edge-polishing method, the
oxide-film forming step comprises forming the oxide film on
the workpiece surfaces by immersing the workpiece into ozone
water.
In another preferred form of the edge-polishing
method, the oxide-film forming step comprises forming the
oxide film on the workpiece surfaces by immersing the
workpiece into electrolytically oxidized water.
In a further preferred form of the edge-polishing
method, a cleaning step is provided for cleaning the
workpiece having its edge mirror finished in the edge-polishing
step.
In a still further preferred form of the edge-polishing
method, the cleaning step comprises a scrub
cleaning step for cleaning the workpiece by spraying thereto
a shower of pure water while brushing the workpiece by means
of rotating brushes.
In a yet further preferred form of the edge-polishing
method, a drying step is provided for drying the workpiece
which has been cleaned by the cleaning means.
The above and other objects, features and advantages
`of the present invention will become more readily apparent
from the following detailed description of a presently
preferred embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction
with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration showing the
construction of an edge-polishing apparatus in accordance
with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of a silicon
wafer;
Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of a silicon wafer
covered with an oxide film;
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of an edge-polishing
section of the apparatus;
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a cleaning section of
the apparatus;
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a drying section of the
apparatus;
Fig. 7 is a side elevational view showing a underwater
dispersion state of impurities due to an oxide film;
Fig. 8 is a block diagram showing a known edge-polishing
apparatus; and
Fig. 9 is a side elevational view showing an
aggregated state of impurities.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Now, a preferred embodiment of the present invention
will be described below in detail with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates an edge-polishing
apparatus which is constructed in accordance with principles
of the present invention.
The edge-polishing apparatus illustrated includes a
first transportation section 1, an oxide-film forming means
in the form of an oxide-film forming section 2, a second
transportation section 3, an edge-polishing means in the form
of an edge-polishing section 4, a cleaning means in the form
of a cleaning or washing section 4, a third transportation
section 6 and a drying means in the form of a drying section
7.
The first transportation section 1 is to transport a
plurality of workpieces in the form of silicon wafers W
stored in a cassette 10 to the oxide-film forming section 2
one by one. The first transportation section 1 is
constructed of a first robot 12 which is movable on and along
a pair of first rails 11, 11 (only one rail is
illustrated).
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, each silicon wafer
W of a circular or disk-shaped configuration has peripheral
edges which are chamfered or beveled to provide a pair of
wafer edges Wa, Wb by means of a chamfering device (not
shown) in a preceding process step. In the cassette 10 of
Fig. 1, there are beforehand stored the plurality of such
chamfered silicon wafers W in a dry state.
The first robot 12 is equipped with an articulated
arm 12a having a chuck 12b provided at its distal end, and it
operates as follows. The arm12a is extended toward the
cassette 10 so as to attach a silicon wafer W thereto under
the action of suction by means of the chuck 12b. The first
robot 12 carrying the silicon wafer W thus attached to the
chuck 12b is driven by an unillustrated drive means such as
an electric motor incorporated therein to move along the
first rails 11, 11 to the oxide-film forming section 2 where
it places the silicon wafer W onto a table 30.
The oxide-film forming section 2 comprises an
oxidizing water tank 20 and a cleaning or washing device
28.
The oxidizing water tank 20 is filled with an ozone-containing
water 21 having a predetermined concentration of
ozone. The silicon wafers W, which have been transported to
the oxidizing water tank 20 by means of the first robot 12,
are soaked or immersed in the ozone water 21 for a
predetermined period of time, so that a hydrophilic oxide
film S is formed on the entire surfaces of each silicon wafer
W. The hydrophilic oxide film S is composed of silicon
dioxide and has a thickness of about 10 - 20 angstroms.
The cleaning device 28 is to clean or wash off the
ozone water 21 attached to the silicon wafers W by spraying
a shower 29 of pure water onto the silicon wafers W inserted
into the cleaning device 28.
The second transportation section 3 is to transport
the silicon wafers W placed on the table 30 by means of the
first robot 12 to the edge-polishing section 4 and the
cleaning section 5. The second transportation section 3
comprises a second rail 31 and a second robot 32 which is
movable on the second rail 31.
Specifically, the second robot 32 is equipped with an
articulated arm 32a having a chuck 32b provided at its distal
end, and it operates as follows. The arm 32a is extended
toward a silicon wafer W on the table 30 so as to attach the
silicon wafer W thereto under the action of suction by means
of the chuck 32b. The second robot 32 carrying the silicon
wafer W thus attached to the chuck 32b is driven by an
unillustrated drive means such as an electric motor
incorporated therein to move along the second rail 31 to a
rotary vacuum chuck 40 of the edge-polishing section 40 to be
described later in detail where the silicon wafer W carried
by the second robot 32 is sucked to the vacuum chuck 40, and
a silicon wafer W having been mirror finished is taken out of
the rotary vacuum chuck 40 and carried by the second robot 32
which is then moved along the second rail 31 to the cleaning
section 5.
The edge-polishing section 4 is to mirror finish or
polish the edges of each silicon wafer W.
Fig. 4 schematically illustrates the edge-polishing
section 4.
As shown in Fig. 4, the edge-polishing section 4
comprises a rotary vacuum chuck 40 and a polishing drum 41.
The rotary vacuum chuck 40 is to vacuum draw or suck
a silicon wafer W and is driven to rotate by means of a motor
(not shown) built in a mounting member 42.
The mounting member 42 is vertically rotatably or
swingably mounted on a base 43 which is slidable on and along
a rail 45.
On the other hand, the polishing drum 41 is mounted
on an rotation shaft of a motor 44 so that it is driven to
rotate by the motor 44.
Specifically, the mounting member 42 is caused to
rotate or sing in the vertical direction in such a manner
that the upper wafer edge Wa of the silicon wafer W attached
under suction to the rotary vacuum chuck 40 forms a
predetermined angle with respect to the cylindrical
peripheral surface of the polishing drum 41. In this state,
with the rotary vacuum chuck 40 being driven to rotate by
means of the unillustrated motor, the mounting member 42 is
caused to slide in a direction toward the polishing drum 41
so as to place the upper wafer edge Wa of the silicon wafer
W into contact with the rotating polishing drum 41, whereby
the upper wafer edge Wa is mirror finished by the polishing
drum 41 while slurry G is supplied to the mutual contacting
portions of the upper wafer edge Wa and the polishing drum
41.
Also, with the rotary vacuum chuck 40 being rotated
to an upright position, as shown at the alternate long and
two short dashes line in Fig. 4, a cylindrical peripheral
side portion Wc of the silicon wafer W is able to be mirror
finished by means of the polishing drum 41. Moreover, the
silicon wafer W can be turned over or upside down by means of
an unillustrated wafer turn-over mechanism, and the rotary
vacuum chuck 40 carrying the silicon wafer W thus turned over
is rotated or swung to an inclined position as shown at the
solid line in Fig. 4, whereby the lower wafer edge Wb of the
silicon wafer W can be subjected to mirror finishing or
polishing by means of the polishing drum 41.
In Fig, 1, the cleaning section 5 is to scrub clean
or wash a silicon wafer W transported thereto by means of the
second robot 32.
Fig. 5 schematically illustrates the cleaning section
5.
As shown in Fig. 5, the cleaning section 5 serves to
transport a silicon wafer W placed on a conveyor 50 by means
of the second robot 32 to a pair of brushes 51, 51 under the
action of the conveyor 50. A pair of rollers 52, 52 are
disposed at an upstream or entrance side of the paired
brushes 51, 51 for clamping therebetween the silicon wafer W
conveyed there by the conveyor 50 and feeding it into the
pair of brushes 51, 51.
The pair of brushes 51, 51 are caused to rotate in
opposite directions with respect to each other by means of
unillustrated drive means such as motors, so as to brush or
scrub the opposite side surfaces of the silicon wafer W fed
therein by the pair of rollers 52, 52 with a shower of pure
water 53 being supplied thereto. The silicon wafer W having
been scrubbed or brushed and cleaned by means of the pair of
brushes 51, 51 are discharged onto a table 55 through a pair
of rollers 54, 54.
As shown in Fig. 1, the third transportation section
6 is to transport the silicon wafer W on the table 55 to the
drying section 7. The third transportation section 6
comprises a third robot 60.
Specifically, the third robot 60 is equipped with an
articulated arm 60a having a chuck 60b provided at its distal
end, and it operates as follows. The arm 60a is extended
toward the silicon wafer W on the table 55 so as to attach
the silicon wafer W thereto under the action of suction by
means of the chuck 60b. The third robot 60 transports the
silicon wafer W thus attached to the chuck 60b toward a
spinner 70 of the drying section 7 to be described later in
detail where the silicon wafer W thus transported is sucked
by the spinner 70, and a silicon wafer W having been dried at
the drying section 7 is taken out of the spinner 70 and
stored in the cassette 79 by means of the third robot 60.
The drying section 7 is to dry the silicon wafer W
having been cleaned at the cleaning section 5.
Fig. 6 schematically illustrates the drying section
7.
As shown in Fig. 6, the drying section 7 is equipped
with the spinner 70 and a mounting member 71.
The spinner 70 is to draw or suck a silicon wafer W
under the action of vacuum. The spinner 70 is driven to
rotate at a high speed by means of an unillustrated motor
incorporated in the mounting member 71.
Now, reference is made to the operation of the edge-polishing
apparatus according to the present invention.
It is to be noted that the edge-polishing apparatus
in operation achieves an edge-polishing method of the present
invention in a concrete manner. Also, the operations of the
first robot 12 of the first transportation section 1, the
cleaning device 28 of the oxide-film forming section 2, the
second robot 32 of the second transportation section 3, the
edge-polishing section 4, the cleaning section 5, the third
robot 60 of the third transportation section 6, and the
drying section 7 are all controlled by an unillustrated
control unit such as a computer.
First, an oxide-film forming process is carried
out.
Specifically, as shown at the solid line in Fig. 1,
the silicon wafers W stored in the cassette 10 in a dry state
are taken out one by one by means of the first robot 12 and
transported to the oxidizing water tank 20 of the oxide-film
forming section 2 where the silicon wafers W thus transported
there are soaked or immersed into the ozone water in the
oxidizing water tank 20 by means of the second robot 12 for
a predetermined period of time, as shown at the alternate
long and shot dash line in Fig. 1. Thereafter, when a
hydrophilic oxide film S having a thickness of about 10 - 20
angstroms is formed on the surfaces of a silicon wafer W, the
silicon wafer W is taken out of the ozone water 21 and
transported to the cleaning device 28, as shown at the broken
line in Fig. 1, where the ozone water 21 attached to the
silicon wafer W is removed or cleaned off by means of a
shower 29 of pure water.
The silicon wafers W, which have been cleaned to a
sufficient extent, are transferred to and placed onto the
table 3 by means of the first robot 12. Thus, the oxide-film
forming process ends.
Subsequently, the silicon wafers having been
subjected to the oxide-film forming process are transferred
to the edge-polishing process.
Specifically, a silicon wafer W on the table 30 is
transported to the edge-polishing section 4 by means of the
second robot 32 and attached under suction to the rotary
vacuum chuck 40.
Then, as shown in Fig. 4, the upper wafer edge Wa,
the cylindrical peripheral side portion Wc and the lower
wafer edge Wb of the silicon wafer W are in sequence
subjected to mirror finishing or polishing by means of the
rotating polishing drum 41. During this process, slurry G is
continuously supplied to the mutual contacting portions of
the silicon wafer W and the polishing drum 41.
When the mirror finishing process of the silicon
wafer W ends in this manner, the suction force of the rotary
vacuum chuck 40 acting against the silicon wafer W is
released so that the silicon wafer W is taken out by means of
the second robot 32. Thus, the edge-polishing process
ends.
Thereafter, the silicon wafer W having been subjected
to the edge-polishing process is transported to the cleaning
section 5, as shown at the alternate long and two short
dashes line in Fig. 1, where it is subjected to a cleaning
process.
Although at this time, impurities such as the slurry
G and the like are attached to the silicon wafer W, the
silicon wafer W is covered with the hydrophilic oxide film S
so water is attached to the surfaces of the silicon wafer W
in a uniform manner, as shown in Fig. 7. As a result,
impurities such as abrasive grains in the slurry G and the
like hardly aggregate in the water attached to the wafer
surfaces, thus diffusing therein substantially in a uniform
manner.
Such a silicon wafer W is placed onto the conveyor 50
of the cleaning section 5 by means of the second robot 32,
and then transported toward the pair of brushes 51, 51 under
the action of the conveyor 50.
As the silicon wafer W is fed into the pair of
brushes 51, 5, it is brushed or scrubbed by means of the pair
of brushes 51, 51 while being sprayed with a shower 53 of
pure water, whereby impurities adhered to the surfaces of the
silicon wafer W are removed or cleaned off to a substantially
complete extent. That is, even if the impurities are adhered
to the oxide film S on the surfaces of the silicon wafer W in
an aggregated stage, they are cleaned off by brushing and
hence do not at all remain as smear, stain, soil or the like
on the surfaces of the silicon wafer W.
Also, during the brushing, the pair of brushes 51,
51, being in contact with the hard oxide film S covering the
silicon wafer W, do not damage or mars the surfaces of the
silicon wafer W.
Finally, a drying process is carried out.
Specifically, the silicon wafer W having been scrub
cleaned on the table 55 is transported to the drying section
7 by means of the third robot 60 where it is placed on the
spinner 70.
Thereafter, the silicon wafer W is sucked to the
spinner 70 which is then driven to rotate at a high speed so
that pure water attached to the surfaces of the silicon wafer
W is scattered off under the action of a centrifugal force of
the wafer W rotating with the spinner 70.
When the pure water on the surfaces of the silicon
wafer W has been completely scattered off to thereby make the
silicon wafer W
in a dry state, the spinner 79 is caused to stop rotating,
and to release its suction force against the silicon wafer W,
thus finishing the drying process.
As a result, the silicon wafer W having been dried
without including any smear, stain, soil or the like is taken
out of the spinner 70 by means of the third robot 60 and
stored in the cassette 79 in a dry state.
Thus, according to the edge-polishing apparatus of
the present invention, it is constructed such that a silicon
wafer W covered with a hydrophilic oxide film S is mirror
finished, cleaned and dried at the edge-polishing section 4,
the cleaning section 5 and the drying section 7,
respectively. With such a construction, there will be no
fear that impurities such as abrasive grains of the slurry G
and the like might appear as smear, stain, soil or the like
on the surfaces of the silicon wafer W.
Moreover, since the silicon wafer W is covered with
the hard oxide film S, the surfaces of the silicon wafer W
are not damaged or marred at all during scrub cleaning
thereof at the cleaning section 5.
In addition, dry silicon wafers W having been dried
at the drying section 7 are kept or stored in the cassette
79, so that they can be directly transferred to a clean room
for subsequent processing.
Here, it is to be noted that the present invention is
not limited to the above-described embodiment, but can be
varied or modified in various ways within the spirit and
scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying
claims.
For example, in the above embodiment, the edge-polishing
section 4, the cleaning section 5 and the drying
section 7 have been so constructed as shown in Fig. 4, Fig.
5 and Fig. 6, respectively, but at the edge-polishing section
4, all the possible techniques can be utilized which are
capable of mirror finishing or polishing the edges of a
silicon wafer W; similarly, at the cleaning section 5, all
the possible techniques can be used which are capable of
scrub cleaning the silicon wafer W; and at the drying
section 7, every suitable drying technique such as heat
drying and the like can be employed instead of the spin
drying technique.
As described in detail in the foregoing, according to
the present invention, there are obtained a variety of
advantages as referred to below.
Since the surfaces of a workpiece such as a silicon
wafer are covered with a hydrophilic oxide film prior to
mirror finishing of edges of the workpiece, even if
impurities such as slurry and the like are attached to the
workpiece, these impurities are diffused over the entire
surface of the oxide film, and hence do not aggregate at
localized spots thereof. As a result, there are provided
clean workpieces including substantially no smear, stain,
soil or the like contaminations.
Furthermore, the oxide film is formed on the surfaces
of the workpiece by use of ozone water, electrolytically
oxidized water or the like, so a desired oxide film can
readily be formed without adversely affecting the
workpiece.
Moreover, mirror finishing of the edges of the
workpiece and cleaning thereof can be carried out in a
continuos manner without generating smear, stain, soil or the
like contaminations on the surfaces of the workpiece.
In addition, the workpiece covered with the oxide
film is cleaned through brushing of rotating brushes, so
substantially complete cleaning of the workpiece can be
effected without damaging the surfaces thereof.
Still further, it is possible to perform mirror
finishing of the workpiece edges, cleaning and drying of the
workpiece in a continued manner without producing any smear,
stain, soil or the like on the surfaces of the workpiece, so
that the workpiece can be provided in a dry state. As a
result, the workpiece can directly be transported from one
clean room to another without requiring any particular
processing.