EP0870993A1 - Accumulateur d'eau chaude - Google Patents
Accumulateur d'eau chaude Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0870993A1 EP0870993A1 EP98201182A EP98201182A EP0870993A1 EP 0870993 A1 EP0870993 A1 EP 0870993A1 EP 98201182 A EP98201182 A EP 98201182A EP 98201182 A EP98201182 A EP 98201182A EP 0870993 A1 EP0870993 A1 EP 0870993A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- tapping
- reservoir
- water heater
- fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 259
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000589248 Legionella Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
- F24D3/082—Hot water storage tanks specially adapted therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a storage water heater according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such water heaters are known from practice and are generally fired by an external central heating boiler which also serves for heating a medium for transferring heat for space heating.
- an external central heating boiler which also serves for heating a medium for transferring heat for space heating.
- water is generally used, but in principle, other heat transfer media, such as oil or steam, can be used as well.
- a so-called high efficiency boiler is used as boiler, capable of obtaining a particularly high efficiency from burnt fuel if water from the combustion gases is allowed to condense against the heat exchanger of the boiler.
- the condensation of water vapor from the combustion gases is stronger according as the temperature in the heat exchanger is lower.
- condensation generally no longer occurs if the return temperature of the heat transfer medium is higher than 55 °C.
- other heat sources such as solar collectors and heat pumps, the efficiency is higher according as the return temperature of the heat transfer medium is lower.
- the heating of tapping water in a storage water heater entails the problem that from a hygienic viewpoint, the water temperature in the water heater is typically required to be higher than 65 °C. This implies that heat transfer medium - in practice usually water - returning from a storage water heater has a temperature of more than 65 °C.
- a heating boiler for instance operates in an operative condition which does not involve any condensation against the heat exchanger of the boiler and in which the efficiency is therefore about 10% lower than in the case where the temperature of heat transfer medium returning from a storage water heater is lower than 55 °C.
- the object of the invention is to improve the efficiency of the heating of water in a storage water heater without accepting a lower highest water temperature in the storage water heater.
- this object is realized by applying the characterizing features of claim 1 to a storage water heater of the type initially referred to.
- heat transferring fluid water which also circulates in a central heating system.
- the heat-transferring fluid will hereinbelow be referred to as CH-water. It will be understood by anyone skilled in the art that this does not alter the fact that generally, and in the practical possibilities described hereinbelow, other heat-transferring fluids can be used as well, such as oil, steam or water exclusively circulating between the boiler and the water heater.
- the storage water heater shown in Fig. 1 has a hot water reservoir 1.
- a CH-inlet 2 for supplying CH-water
- a heating element 3 which connects to the CH-inlet and through which a channel 4 for conducting CH-water extends
- a CH-outlet 5 for discharging CH-water that has passed through the heating structure 3 and is to be returned to the heat source.
- a tapping water inlet 6 communicating with the reservoir 1 is provided.
- a tapping water outlet 7 communicating with the reservoir 1 is provided.
- a temperature sensor 8 projects into the reservoir from below. The temperature in the reservoir detected by the sensor 8 is used for controlling the feed-through of CH-water through the heating element 3, as is known per se.
- the heating element 4 also constitutes a countercurrent heat exchanger, in which the channel 4 for conducting CH-water through the heating element 3 and a tapping water conduit 9 connecting to the tapping water inlet 6 extend in heat-exchanging relationship. Via a mouth 10, the tapping water conduit 9 opens into the reservoir 1, while a deflector 11 is arranged before the mouth, which deflector prevents the supplied water, which, although preheated, is colder than the hot water at the top of the reservoir 1, from mixing with the water at the top of the reservoir 1.
- the CH-water In operation, during and for some time after the tapping of water from the reservoir 1, the CH-water is additionally cooled through the transfer of heat to the supplied, cold tapping water (arrows 12-14). Thus, the return temperature of the CH-water returning to the heat source is reduced, which in turn results in a better heat transfer from the heat source to the CH-water and, accordingly, a higher efficiency due to a smaller loss of heat to the environment.
- a gas-fired high efficiency boiler is used as heat source, the particular advantage occurs that water to a tapping water temperature of at least 65 °C can be heated with CH-water having a return temperature which is considerably lower, for instance about 55 °C, causing water from the combustion gases to condense against the heat exchanger of the boiler. The resulting condensation heat released is thus utilized for heating the CH-water, which for most current boilers yields an efficiency increase of the boiler of about 10 per cent. Heating to at least 65 °C is important for killing undesired germs, in particular legionella bacteria.
- the channel 4 is located in the reservoir 1.
- the channel 4 of the heating element 3 extends according to a double helix through the reservoir 1. Because the portion of the channel 4 extending within the reservoir 1 has a wall which is in direct contact with the inner space of the reservoir 1, an effective heat transfer from CH-water to the water in the reservoir 1 is enabled. This is of particular importance for heat transfer from CH-water in an upstream portion of the channel 4, which has still a relatively high temperature.
- the tapping water conduit is formed by a tapping water channel 9 extending coaxially within the CH-water channel 4.
- a tapping water channel 9 extending coaxially within the CH-water channel 4.
- the conduit of the tapping water channel 9 may for instance be provided with spacer rosettes distributed over the length thereof.
- spacer rosettes distributed over the length thereof.
- various other solutions are possible as well, such as longitudinally and circumferentially distributed dents in the outer conduit or longitudinally and circumferentially distributed protuberances in the inner conduit.
- the CH-water channel 4 also constitutes a screening between the inner space of the reservoir 1 and the tapping water conduit 9. This prevents water in the reservoir 1 from being cooled by (still) cold tapping water supplied via the tapping water conduit 9. This is of particular importance with regard to an upstream portion of the tapping water conduit 9, in which the water, during the tapping of water from the reservoir 1, is still very cold.
- the CH-water in the channel 4 is located between the water in the tapping water conduit 9 and the water in the reservoir 1, there is on the one hand achieved, during and for some time after the tapping of water, an effective heat transfer to the just supplied, cold tapping water, and on the other hand a highly effective heat transfer to the water in the reservoir for postheating to an evenly distributed end temperature.
- the tapping water channel 9 traverses a wall of the CH-water channel 4 twice: once upstream of the portion of the tapping water channel 9 which extends coaxially with the CH-water channel 4, and once downstream of the portion of the tapping water channel 9 which extends coaxially with the CH-water channel 4. Both positions where the tapping water channel 9 traverses the wall of the CH-water channel 4 are located outside the reservoir 1. This offers the advantage that the portion of the CH-water channel 4 within the reservoir 1 can be of an entirely seamless construction, which excludes the possibility of tapping water in the reservoir 1 being contaminated through leakage of CH-water via seams in the CH-water channel.
- tapping water channel 9 does not have any seams in the area where it extends within the CH-water channel 4, the possibility of contamination of tapping water in the tapping water channel 9 through leakage of CH-water via welding seams or the like in the tapping water channel 9 is likewise excluded.
- a storage water heater according to the invention as shown in Figs. 2-4 is also formed by a reservoir 20 and also comprises inlets and outlets for CH-water 22, 25 and a CH-water channel 24 thereinbetween which forms part of a heating structure 23.
- a reservoir 20 for conducting tapping water contiguously to the tapping water inlet 26, there are provided inner and outer partition plates 35, 36, bounding inner and outer tapping water conduits 37, 38.
- the CH-water channel 24 extends helically through the tapping water conduits 37, 38.
- the tapping water conduits 37, 38 together constitute a path extending tubularly upwards from a bottom end of the water heater between a circumferential wall of the reservoir 1 and the outer one of the two partition plates 36 and, bent around an upper edge of that outer partition plate 36, extending back again downwards between the outer partition plate 36 and the inner partition plate 35.
- the tapping water conduit opens, via passages 30 in the inner partition plate 35, into an inner space 39 of the reservoir 21, whose top side is closed by a cover 40.
- this storage water heater too, comprises a temperature sensor 28 for detecting the temperature of water in the reservoir 21.
- the inner partition plate 35 is moreover provided with passages 41 adjacent the top side of the inner space 39. These passages are moreover provided with deflectors 42 which during the tapping of tapping water prevent fresh tapping water, flowing through the tapping water conduit 37, 38, from penetrating into the inner space without having moved through the entire path of the tapping water conduit. If necessary, such circulation-promoting openings may also be provided in the outer partition plate. Further, deflectors may also be provided in the tapping water conduits, which during the tapping of water prevent the inflow of not fully preheated water into the inner space 39.
- an upstream portion of the tapping water conduit 38 is screened from the reservoir 1 by two walls 35, 36 and an interspace 37 thereinbetween, which prevents cooling of once-heated water in the reservoir 21 by cold, just supplied tapping water.
- the screening of the upstream portion of the tapping water conduit 38 is formed by the downstream portion 37 of a flow path defined by the tapping water conduit.
- the screening is effected in a constructionally simple manner.
- the CH-water channel extends in a direction substantially transverse to a flow path defined by the tapping water conduit in the form of separated, flat interspaces 37, 38, a long residence time of the CH-water in the interspaces 37, 38 is realized, which further promotes the reduction of the return temperature of the CH-water.
- a layered temperature distribution is obtained in this storage water heater, at least if water is drawn off fairly regularly, while the water temperature in the outer interspace 38 between the outer wall of the reservoir 21 and the outer partition plate 38, forming a part of the tapping water conduit and extending substantially parallel to the outer wall of the reservoir 21, is lower than in the inner space. As the coldest water thus always tends to extend along the outer wall of the reservoir 21, heat losses through the wall of the reservoir 21 are limited.
- the CH-water channel 24 extends from the CH-water inlet 22, wound according to a first helix with a pitch in a first direction and extends, wound contiguously according to a second helix with a pitch in a second, opposite direction, which connects to the first helix and envelops it coaxially, to the CH-water outlet 25.
- the portions of the CH-water channel 24 wound according to a first and a second helix extend through the mutually contiguous, coaxial, tubular tapping water conduits 37, 38.
- a tapping water supply along inwardly successive, mutually contiguous shell-shaped partial spaces 37, 38 of the storage water heater is obtained, in which tapping water can be fed into a bottom portion of the water heater and can also open into a bottom portion of the inner space 39.
- the portions of the CH-water channel 24, which portions are wound according to a first and a second helix, provide on the one hand a long residence time and a large contact surface, and hence an intensive heat transfer of the CH-water to the tapping water, and on the other a low flow resistance of the CH-water.
- the tapping water inlet 26 is provided with a water distributor 46 which describes at least a segment of a circle whose diameter corresponds to the diameter of the tubular interspace 38.
- the water distributor is provided with circumferentially distributed outflow passages 47, allowing the water to flow out evenly over the circumference of the tubular interspace 38 (arrows 48).
- This storage water heater further comprises a temperature sensor 49 at the location of the tapping water conduit 38. This enables a prompter response to a heat demand resulting from the tapping of water than in the case of a detected decrease in temperature in the inner space 39. In combination with the preheating of fresh tapping water with residual heat of CH-water, this is additionally advantageous, because in that case, the supplied tapping water is preheated as early as possible, i.e. as from a lowest possible temperature. Indirect preheating by heat transfer from already heated tapping water in the reservoir is thus limited and replaced by preheating by the CH-water from a low temperature.
- a tapping water inlet 56 which communicates with the reservoir 1 and directly opens into the reservoir 1.
- a tapping water outlet 57 communicating with the reservoir 1.
- the tapping water conduit 59 connects to the reservoir 1 downstream thereof.
- the CH-water In operation, during and for some time after the drawing off of water from the reservoir 1, the CH-water is cooled both by heat transfer to the water coming from the reservoir 1 and by heat transfer to water in the reservoir 1. This enables a reduction of the return temperature of the CH-water and, accordingly, an improvement of the efficiency.
- the heat-transferring fluid is guided through the heat exchanger as a thin layer between the tapping water and the water in the reservoir, a highly intensive heat transfer to the water in the reservoir is effected, in particular if the heat exchanger is located in a relatively cold portion of the reservoir and/or if a relatively small reservoir is used, whose inner temperature drops relatively strongly during drawing off.
- a particular advantage of a tapping water conduit 59 which extends through the heat exchanger and which connects to the reservoir 1, is that due to the postheating effect of the heat-transferring fluid, a highly even delivery temperature of the tapping water is obtained, and in particular a temperature decrease due to a decrease of the temperature of the water in the reservoir during the drawing off of much water in a short period of time is prevented.
- the postheating and the constant temperature of the tapping water provide that it is guaranteed that undesired germs such as the legionella bacteria are also killed if within a short period of time such a large quantity of water is drawn off from the water heater that the temperature gradient behind which the relevant germs can survive reaches the inlet of the outflow line 92 and the temperature of water leaving the reservoir 1 becomes so low that it is not guaranteed that the harmful germs have been killed.
- This in turn enables maintaining a smaller safety margin with regard to the temperature in the reservoir and the capacity of the heating means and the reservoir, which limits the costs of the installation and enables efficiency improvement.
- the heat exchanger may for instance also be entirely or partially located outside the reservoir.
- the entire heating element may in principle be entirely or partially located outside the reservoir.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1005786 | 1997-04-10 | ||
| NL1005786A NL1005786C2 (nl) | 1997-04-10 | 1997-04-10 | Voorraadboiler. |
| NL1007416A NL1007416C1 (nl) | 1997-04-10 | 1997-10-31 | Voorraadboiler. |
| NL1007416 | 1997-10-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0870993A1 true EP0870993A1 (fr) | 1998-10-14 |
Family
ID=26642577
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98201182A Withdrawn EP0870993A1 (fr) | 1997-04-10 | 1998-04-14 | Accumulateur d'eau chaude |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0870993A1 (fr) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2789158A1 (fr) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-04 | Chaffoteaux Et Maury | Perfectionnement aux appareils generateurs d'eau chaude sanitaire et d'eau de chauffage central |
| EP1130325A1 (fr) * | 2000-03-03 | 2001-09-05 | IABER S.p.A. | Système d'accumulation de l'eau chaude sanitaire |
| WO2001065186A1 (fr) * | 2000-03-03 | 2001-09-07 | Merloni Termosanitari S.P.A. | Nouveau concept, chauffe-eau rapide a capacite de stockage |
| EP1371908A1 (fr) * | 2002-06-12 | 2003-12-17 | Justo Comadira Gonzalez | Chauffe-eau avec échangeur de chaleur à haute performance |
| WO2007090861A1 (fr) * | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-16 | Electricite De France | Dispositif echangeur de chaleur destine aux systemes de chauffage ou de climatisation |
| FR2913106A1 (fr) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-08-29 | Atlantic Climatisation & Venti | Dispositif d'echange de chaleur entre des fluides appartenant a deux circuits |
| FR2926356A1 (fr) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-17 | Atlantic Climatisation & Venti | Dispositif d'echange de chaleur entre des fluides appartenant a deux circuits. |
| CN114645756A (zh) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-21 | 佛吉亚排气系统有限公司 | 用于将流体注射到排气管道中的装置和相关的排气系统 |
| WO2024047036A1 (fr) * | 2022-08-30 | 2024-03-07 | Johannes Scherer | Unité de stockage de chaleur et de froid ayant un échangeur de chaleur à contre-courant |
| EP4455598A1 (fr) * | 2023-04-24 | 2024-10-30 | Daikin Europe N.V. | Séparateur gaz-liquide pour système de circulation de milieu thermique |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1114722A (en) * | 1965-11-11 | 1968-05-22 | Hovalwerk Ag Ospelt | Tap-water heater |
| US3921708A (en) * | 1970-10-07 | 1975-11-25 | Ygnis Sa | Heat exchanger and method of operation thereof |
| FR2305695A1 (fr) * | 1975-03-26 | 1976-10-22 | Bennavail Francis | Appareil pour la production d'eau chaude par accumulation de l'energie solaire |
| AT368271B (de) * | 1979-09-06 | 1982-09-27 | Austria Email Ag | Waermetauscher |
| DE8815141U1 (de) * | 1987-12-11 | 1989-01-19 | Joh. Vaillant Gmbh U. Co, 5630 Remscheid | Warmwasserspeicher |
| DE29612894U1 (de) * | 1995-09-15 | 1996-09-19 | Solar Diamant-Systemtechnik und Metallbau GmbH, 48493 Wettringen | Warmwasserspeicher, insbesondere für Brauchwasser |
-
1998
- 1998-04-14 EP EP98201182A patent/EP0870993A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1114722A (en) * | 1965-11-11 | 1968-05-22 | Hovalwerk Ag Ospelt | Tap-water heater |
| US3921708A (en) * | 1970-10-07 | 1975-11-25 | Ygnis Sa | Heat exchanger and method of operation thereof |
| FR2305695A1 (fr) * | 1975-03-26 | 1976-10-22 | Bennavail Francis | Appareil pour la production d'eau chaude par accumulation de l'energie solaire |
| AT368271B (de) * | 1979-09-06 | 1982-09-27 | Austria Email Ag | Waermetauscher |
| DE8815141U1 (de) * | 1987-12-11 | 1989-01-19 | Joh. Vaillant Gmbh U. Co, 5630 Remscheid | Warmwasserspeicher |
| DE29612894U1 (de) * | 1995-09-15 | 1996-09-19 | Solar Diamant-Systemtechnik und Metallbau GmbH, 48493 Wettringen | Warmwasserspeicher, insbesondere für Brauchwasser |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2789158A1 (fr) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-04 | Chaffoteaux Et Maury | Perfectionnement aux appareils generateurs d'eau chaude sanitaire et d'eau de chauffage central |
| EP1026448A1 (fr) * | 1999-02-02 | 2000-08-09 | Chaffoteaux Et Maury | Perfectionnement aux appareils générateurs d'eau chaude sanitaire et d'eau de chauffage central |
| EP1130325A1 (fr) * | 2000-03-03 | 2001-09-05 | IABER S.p.A. | Système d'accumulation de l'eau chaude sanitaire |
| WO2001065186A1 (fr) * | 2000-03-03 | 2001-09-07 | Merloni Termosanitari S.P.A. | Nouveau concept, chauffe-eau rapide a capacite de stockage |
| EP1371908A1 (fr) * | 2002-06-12 | 2003-12-17 | Justo Comadira Gonzalez | Chauffe-eau avec échangeur de chaleur à haute performance |
| WO2007090861A1 (fr) * | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-16 | Electricite De France | Dispositif echangeur de chaleur destine aux systemes de chauffage ou de climatisation |
| FR2913106A1 (fr) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-08-29 | Atlantic Climatisation & Venti | Dispositif d'echange de chaleur entre des fluides appartenant a deux circuits |
| EP1965164A1 (fr) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-03 | Atlantic Climatisation et Ventilation | Dispositif d'échange de chaleur entre des fluides appartenant à deux circuits |
| FR2926356A1 (fr) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-17 | Atlantic Climatisation & Venti | Dispositif d'echange de chaleur entre des fluides appartenant a deux circuits. |
| EP2080975A1 (fr) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-22 | Atlantic Climatisation et Ventilation | Dispositif d'échange de chaleur entre des fluides appartenant à deux circuits |
| CN114645756A (zh) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-06-21 | 佛吉亚排气系统有限公司 | 用于将流体注射到排气管道中的装置和相关的排气系统 |
| WO2024047036A1 (fr) * | 2022-08-30 | 2024-03-07 | Johannes Scherer | Unité de stockage de chaleur et de froid ayant un échangeur de chaleur à contre-courant |
| EP4455598A1 (fr) * | 2023-04-24 | 2024-10-30 | Daikin Europe N.V. | Séparateur gaz-liquide pour système de circulation de milieu thermique |
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| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: HEATEX B.V. |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
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