EP0838557B1 - Construction system for the erection of buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

The modular building system uses shaped building blocks (14) fitted between the upright timbers (11) of the timber frame (11,12) on the outside walls of the house, so that the timbers are at least partially covered by the building blocks from the outside. Part of the timber frame of the house may be formed from pre-fabricated timber panels, with all parts of the timber frame pref. joined together without the use of metal fixings.

Description

The invention relates to a building system for building buildings, the building system being a wooden support structure comprises, the spaces between the support structure with Molded stones are fanned out. A similar construction is known from half-timbered buildings. There, however, the Infill achieved by wooden cladding, between which insulating materials such as mineral wool or the like be filled in. Also bricking up the compartments with stones is already known. Brick or are suitable for this Lightweight concrete blocks. With all known constructions With the walls of the compartments, the wooden stands of Support structure on the outside walls at most to the outside covered by plaster. In the joints between the stands and Mortar is placed in the adjacent stones. Does the experience Wooden stands, however, a change in volume due to temperature influences or other changes in shape, so there is Risk of mortar in the joints between the uprights and tearing the stones. Because the joints are a direct link between Building interior and surroundings can tear the Mortar the thermal insulation properties of the outer wall on this Make and in unfavorable cases even the tightness of the Affect outer walls. Therefore, often a multi-layered Wall structure are provided, usually with a vapor barrier in Form of a film is required.

DE 42 16 672 A1 describes an expansion house that consists of prefabricated Wall elements is composed, the wall elements can be produced between an inner formwork and an outer formwork wooden stand at a distance brought to the formwork and then the cavities a wet building material containing organic components fill out. This creates smooth wall surfaces. Cold bridges can still exist between the changes form.

The present invention is based on the object Building system with a wooden support structure to create the avoids disadvantages mentioned above.

The task is carried out with a building system with the characteristics of Claim 1 solved. The arranged on both sides of a wooden stand Shaped stones overlap the wooden stand on the Outside. This creates a joint between wooden stands and Avoid stones that create a direct connection between the interior of the building and outside of the building. thermal Tensions within the wood can therefore neither the thermal insulation properties still affect the tightness of the building. The parts of the wooden support structure advantageously be made of glulam, the is very dimensionally stable. This is also the realization of large compartments possible. The overlap of the wooden stand can be cut out by simply cutting the Reach shaped stones on the side surfaces. With the construction system according to the invention can preferably be completely ecological and biological buildings are built. You can do this expediently all parts of the wooden support structure be connected to each other without metal. As connection technology come for the individual parts of the wooden support structure, for example Dovetail taps or other plug connections in question. The shaped stones can also be completely removed produce from building biological materials. To mortar to avoid stones when bricking, you can also glued together with a biologically compatible adhesive his. A particularly stable infill can be achieved that adjacent blocks are interlocked can. For example, tongue and groove connections can be used for the toothing be used. The groove dimensions can then be used expediently the cross-sectional dimensions of the stand of the support structure be adjusted. This means that a stand fits exactly into the slot opening of the shaped blocks, whereby a Covering the stand on the outside results.

The shaped stone for the infill of skeleton structures A construction system according to the invention can be made of one material be made, the wood chips and minerals or hemp, especially hemp shives, and contains lime with aggregates. The material can also be cement or cement Contain magnesite. It has been shown that full stones are made such a material excellent thermal insulation properties to have. A stone with a thickness of 30 cm has a thermal conductivity from k <0.4. One made of these stones Wall therefore fulfills all legal requirements to the thermal insulation, so that the application of an additional Thermal insulation on the outside of the wall can be omitted. In addition, the shaped stone consists exclusively of or at least for the most part from building biological materials, whereby an excellent indoor climate can be achieved. The Stone is climate-active and does not form a diffusion barrier. H. it leaves healthy moisture in summer and winter Air exchange with the environment and always assigns one warm and dry surface. With an advantageous The shaped stone can be designed as a solid stone his. It can also have toothed areas on its narrow sides be provided which in toothing areas of Neighboring stones fit. These gearing areas can be designed so that when the shaped stones are arranged adjacent to a stand automatically a cover of the Stands on the outside. The stone can, for example a groove on one of its narrow sides and on the opposite Narrow side into the groove of a neighboring stone have a suitable spring projection. For weight reduction air chambers can be provided in the shaped block. It is advantageous if the air chambers are parallel or transverse to Extend the longitudinal direction of the stones and over the length of the Stones are distributed. The air chambers also form an aid for cutting the stone to length.

A possible roof construction for a building system according to the invention can have purlins and wooden rafters with first shorter rafters between the ridge purlin and the eaves or the knee of the roof are arranged, and second, longer counter rafters on the ridge purlin lie on and extend to the roof edge while doing so parallel but offset in height from the first rafters are arranged so that in the height space between the first and second rafters as insulation mats throughout Roof insulation can be arranged. In contrast to all known ones Roof constructions can be insulation like one here Carpet can be laid across the entire roof area. So there are no joints between the rafters and the insulation mats, which represent cold bridges and only rarely are to be made windproof. In the case of the invention Roof construction can blunt entire sheets of insulation material abutting against each other can be laid across the roof. A multi-layer construction of the insulation is also possible.

The construction system according to the invention is in the form below preferred embodiments with reference to the drawing explained.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines im Rohbau befindlichen Hauses nach einem erfindungsgemäßen Bausystem;

Fig. 2

eine Detailansicht einer Ausfachung der Tragekonstruktion des Hauses nach Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht auf einen ersten Formstein zur Herstellung von Gebäudeaußenwänden;

Fig. 4

eine Draufsicht auf einen Formstein zur Herstellung von Gebäudeinnenwänden;

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Hauses mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Dachkonstruktion;

Fig. 6

eine Draufsicht auf zweite Formsteine zur Herstellung von Gebäudeaußenwänden;

Fig. 7

eine Draufsicht auf Formsteine gemäß Fig. 6 zur Herstellung von Gebäudeinnenwänden.

In detail show:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of an unfinished house according to a construction system according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a detailed view of a infill of the support structure of the house of FIG. 1;

Fig. 3

a plan view of a first molded block for the production of building exterior walls;

Fig. 4

a plan view of a molded block for the production of building interior walls;

Fig. 5

a perspective view of a house with a roof structure according to the invention;

Fig. 6

a plan view of second shaped bricks for the production of building outer walls;

Fig. 7

a plan view of shaped blocks according to FIG. 6 for the production of building interior walls.

1 shows an unfinished house 10, a supporting structure made of wooden stands 11 and crossbeams 12 has. All structural elements of the house 10 are made of wood. The compartments 13 between the wooden support structure 11, 12 with the help of shaped stones 14 lined. As especially in the detailed drawing Fig. 2 can be seen, the stones 14 cover the Stand 11 of the wooden support structure on both the outside and also on the inside in the area of the outer walls, so that no continuous joint from the inside of the building to the surroundings between the wooden stands 11 and the adjacent shaped stones 14 arises. This is achieved in that the wooden stands 11 adjacent shaped blocks 14 on their narrow side Have groove-shaped recess, the cross section of the wooden stand 11 is adjusted. Conveniently, to infill the wooden support structure 11, 12 of the house 10 after 1 shows the shaped blocks 14 'shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. and 14 '' can be used. The stones 14 'and 14' 'are, however regardless of the building system shown in Figures 1 and 2 and can also be used for conventional infill, for example normal framework structures or steel skeleton structures be used. The shaped block 14 'according to FIG. 3 shows thereby a stone, which is used for the production of external walls Building serves and has a corresponding thickness. He is Made from a material that is primarily wood chips and contains minerals, for example quartz sand. at Selection of appropriate additives as binders and corresponding ones biological glue to connect the individual Stones, the shaped stones 14 'and 14' 'are particularly suitable for ecological building. The stones 14 'and 14' 'instruct one of their narrow sides each have a groove 15 and 16 and a key 17 or 18 on the opposite narrow side on. In this way, adjacent shaped blocks 14 ', 14' ' interlock with each other, which increases stability and the laying of the stones is made easier. For weight reduction are in the stones 14 'and 14' 'air chambers 19 and 20 respectively introduced, which is transverse to the longitudinal direction of the stones 14 ', 14' 'and extend over the entire length of the Steins 14 ', 14' 'are distributed in an area, the side Limitations of the lateral limits of the grooves 15 and 16 correspond. The air chambers 19 and 20 facilitate thereby cutting the stones 14 ', 14' 'to length. For this, the Groove bottom 15.1 and 16.1 by sawing the stone 14 ', 14' 'to to one of the air chambers and the stone 14 'according to FIG. 3 a cross section parallel to the original groove bottom 15.1 carried out. Then the grooved legs 15.2 or 16.2 shortened accordingly. The distance of the air chambers 19, 20 is matched to the depth of the grooves 15 and 16, respectively.

In contrast to the stones 14 ', 14' ', the stone 40 has Fig. 6 shows a toothing by a resigning Paragraph 41, 42 is formed on the narrow sides of the stone 40. The arrangement and the depth of the paragraphs 41, 42 are so chosen that a wooden stand 43 on the outside depending on Half is covered by a stone 40. Of course can also cut-outs in the central area for the stand 43 of the stone 40 are sawn out, as shown in FIG. 6 b). On the inside of the stand 43 with planks 44 from the same material as the stones 40 may be provided. The stone shape 40 thus enables the building to be erected even faster than the stone shape 14 '. The stone 40 is suitable not only for half-timbered structures, but also for walling pure stone houses and can also be used to brick interior walls are used, as shown in FIG. 7. The stone 40 'for interior walls has a narrow and elongated shape and fits with its stepped narrow sides exactly to the stand 50 with a T-shaped cross section. A stone 40 'fits exactly between two stands 50, so that over large areas of the wall no cutting work on the stones 40 'are required. The wall can then be made, for example, with drywall panels 51 be planked, preferably of the same material how the stones 40 'can be made. The plates 51 can then cleaned or papered. It goes without saying however also planking with wood or other materials possible. The walls can also be at least partially prefabricated become.

The roof structure 30 of the building shown in Fig. 5 is made from purlins 31, 32 and wooden rafters 33, 34. Two types of rafters 33, 34 are provided. The first rafters 34 are shorter and extend between the ridge purlin 31 and a eaves 35 of the roof. The second type of rafters 33 is longer and lies on the Ridge purlin 31 and on the eaves 35. These rafters 33 run parallel to the first rafters 34, but are offset in height from these, so that in the height gap a continuous between the rafters 34 and 33 Thermal insulation laid across the entire roof can be. This creates a roof insulation, by the rafters 33 acting as counter rafters is held up. Compared to the conventional insulation system, where insulation mats are inserted between the rafters, there is no insulation on the roof Joint problem between insulation and wood. This will make the roof absolutely tight and has no thermal bridges.

Claims (15)

1. Construction system for the erection of buildings, the construction system comprising a supporting structure (11, 12) made of timber and the gaps in the supporting structure (11, 12) being packed with moulded bricks (14, 14', 14", 40), characterised in that on the external walls of the building (10) the timber posts (11, 43) of the supporting structure (11, 12) are partially enclosed, at least towards the exterior, by parts of the moulded bricks (14, 40) adjoining them, so that there are no continuous joints between the timber posts (11, 43) and the moulded bricks (14, 14', 14", 40), thereby preventing the formation of cold bridges.
2. Construction system according to claim 1, characterised in that parts of the timber supporting structure (11, 12) are manufactured from glued laminated timber.
3. Construction system according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that all the parts of the timber supporting structure (11, 12) are joined to one another without using metal.
4. Construction system according to claim 3, characterised in that the parts (11, 12) of the timber supporting structure are joined to one another by means of dovetailed mortise and tenon joints.
5. Construction system according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the moulded bricks (14, 14', 14", 40) are preferably bonded to one another using a biologically compatible bonding agent.
6. Construction system according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that adjoining moulded bricks (14', 14", 40) are interlocked with one another.
7. Construction system according to claim 6, characterised in that adjoining moulded bricks (14', 14") are interlocked with one another using tongued-and-grooved joints (15, 17; 16, 18).
8. Construction system according to claim 7, characterised in that the dimensions of the grooves are adapted to the cross-sectional dimensions of the posts (11) of the supporting structure (11, 12).
9. Construction system according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the moulded bricks (14, 14', 14", 40) are made from a material that contains wood chips and mineral substances or hemp, more particularly hemp shavings, and lime with aggregates.
10. Construction system according to claim 9, characterised in that the material contains cement or magnesite as a binder.
11. Construction system according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the moulded bricks (14, 14', 14", 40) are in the form of full bricks.
12. Construction system according to any of claims 9 to 11, characterised in that along their edges the moulded bricks (40) are provided with interlocking zones (41, 42) which fit into interlocking zones (41, 42) of a neighbouring brick.
13. Construction system according to claim 12, characterised in that on one of their edges the moulded bricks (14', 14") incorporate a groove (15, 16) and on the opposite edge a tongued projection (17, 18) which fits into the groove of a neighbouring brick.
14. Construction system according to any of claims 11 to 13, characterised in that the moulded bricks (14', 14") incorporate air pockets (18, 19) which extend parallel or at a right angle to the longitudinal direction of the moulded bricks (14', 14").
15. Construction system according to any of claims 1 to 14 having a roof structure comprising timber purlins and rafters, characterised by first, shorter rafters that are arranged between the ridge purlin and the eaves or jamb of the roof, and second, longer counter-rafters that rest on the ridge purlin and extend as far as the edge of the roof and are at the same time arranged parallel to but offset in height from the first rafters, thereby allowing continuous insulating mats to be arranged as roofing insulation in the gap between the height of the first and second rafters.

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