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EP0838557A2 - Construction system for the erection of buildings - Google Patents

Construction system for the erection of buildings Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0838557A2
EP0838557A2 EP97117772A EP97117772A EP0838557A2 EP 0838557 A2 EP0838557 A2 EP 0838557A2 EP 97117772 A EP97117772 A EP 97117772A EP 97117772 A EP97117772 A EP 97117772A EP 0838557 A2 EP0838557 A2 EP 0838557A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building system
stone
rafters
shaped
roof
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97117772A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0838557B1 (en
EP0838557A3 (en
Inventor
Herbert Groschup
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ILA BAUEN & WOHNEN OEKOLOGISCHE PRODUKTE UND BAUSY
Original Assignee
Ila Bauen & Wohnen Okologische Produkte und Bausysteme Vertriebsges Mbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ila Bauen & Wohnen Okologische Produkte und Bausysteme Vertriebsges Mbh filed Critical Ila Bauen & Wohnen Okologische Produkte und Bausysteme Vertriebsges Mbh
Publication of EP0838557A2 publication Critical patent/EP0838557A2/en
Publication of EP0838557A3 publication Critical patent/EP0838557A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0838557B1 publication Critical patent/EP0838557B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/562—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with fillings between the load-bearing elongated members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building system with a supporting structure made of wood, the spaces between the supporting structure to be fanned out.
  • a similar construction is from Half-timbered buildings known. There, however, is the infill achieved by wooden cladding, between which thermal insulation Materials such as mineral wool or the like filled will.
  • the bricking of the compartments with stones is also already known. Brick or Lightweight concrete blocks.
  • the wooden stands of The supporting structure on the outside walls at best covered by plaster. In the fingers between the stands and Mortar is placed in the adjacent stones. He experiences Wooden stand, however, due to temperature influences Volume change or other shape changes, so there is Risk of mortar in the joints between the uprights and tearing the stones.
  • the present invention is based on the object Building system with a wooden support structure to create the avoids disadvantages mentioned above.
  • the task is done using a building system to create buildings solved with a wooden support structure, with shaped stones is fanned out, at least on the outer walls of the building the wooden stand of the supporting structure of parts of the neighboring shaped stones at least to the outside are covered.
  • the arranged on both sides of a wooden stand Shaped stones overlap the wooden stand on the outside. This creates a joint between wooden stands and stones avoided having a direct connection between building interiors and outside of the building. Thermal stresses inside the wood, therefore, neither the thermal insulation properties still affect the tightness of the building.
  • the parts of the wooden support structure can advantageously be made of glulam, which is very dimensionally stable is. This is also the realization of large ones Compartment widths possible.
  • the construction system according to the invention can preferably be completely ecological and biological buildings are created. You can do this conveniently all parts of the wooden support structure are metal-free be connected.
  • connection technology for the individual parts of the wooden support structure come for example Dovetail taps or other plug connections in question.
  • the shaped stones can also be completely removed produce from building biological materials. To mortar Avoiding when the stones are walled up can also glued together with a biologically compatible adhesive be. A particularly stable infill can be achieved that adjacent stones are interlocked can.
  • tongue and groove connections can be used for the toothing be used.
  • the groove dimensions can then be used expediently the cross-sectional dimensions of the stand of the support structure be adjusted. This means that a stand fits exactly the slot opening of the shaped blocks, whereby automatically Covering the stand on the outside results.
  • the shaped block according to the invention which is particularly for infill of skeletal structures such as that described above Suitable construction system is made of a material that Wood chips and minerals or hemp, especially hemp shives, and contains lime with aggregates.
  • the material may also contain cement or magnesite. It has been shown that full stones from such a material have excellent thermal insulation properties. A stone with a thickness of 30 cm has a thermal conductivity of k ⁇ 0.4 on. A wall made of these shaped stones thus fulfills all legal requirements for thermal insulation, so that the application of additional insulation on the Outside of the wall can be omitted.
  • the Shaped stone exclusively or at least for the most part Part from building biological materials, which makes an excellent Can achieve indoor climate.
  • the stone is climate active and does not form a diffusion barrier, i. H. it leaves in summer and in A healthy exchange of moisture and air with the Environment and always has a warm and dry surface on.
  • the shaped block be designed as a solid stone. He can also use his Narrow sides can be provided with toothing areas that in Interlocking areas of neighboring blocks fit. These gear areas can be designed so that at Arrangement of the shaped stones adjacent to a stand automatically covers the stand on the outside.
  • the stone can have one on one of its narrow sides Groove and one on the opposite narrow side Have a suitable tongue projection in the groove of a neighboring stone.
  • Air chambers can be provided in the molded block to reduce weight be. It is advantageous if the air chambers extend parallel or transverse to the longitudinal direction of the shaped blocks and arranged along the length of the stone are. The air chambers also help cut to length of the stone.
  • the roof structure according to the invention which is suitable for everyone Building types suitable and in a special way with the building system can connect according to one of claims 1 to 8, has Purlins and rafters made of wood and is marked through the first shorter rafters between the ridge purlin and the eaves or the knee stick of the roof are arranged, and second, longer counter rafters on the ridge purlin lie on and extend to the roof edge and parallel to, but offset in height from, the first rafters are arranged so that in the height gap between the first and second rafters throughout insulation mats can be arranged as roof insulation.
  • All known roof constructions can use insulation here laid like a carpet throughout the entire roof area will. So there are no joints between the rafters and the insulation mats, which represent cold bridges and can rarely be made windproof.
  • Roof construction can use entire sheets of insulation material butted across the roof will. A multi-layer construction of the insulation is also possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows an unfinished house 10, a supporting structure made of wooden stands 11 and crossbeams 12 has. All structural elements of the house 10 are made of wood.
  • the shaped blocks 14 cover the Stand 11 of the wooden support structure on both the outside also on the inside in the area of the outer walls, so that no continuous joint from the inside of the building to the surroundings between the wooden stands 11 and the adjacent shaped stones 14 arises.
  • 12 of the house 10 1 shows the shaped blocks 14 'shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. and 14 '' can be used.
  • the shaped block 14 'according to FIG. 3 shows Thereby a stone, which is used for the production of external walls Building serves and has a corresponding thickness. He is Made from a material that is primarily wood chips and contains minerals, for example quartz sand.
  • the shaped stones 14 'and 14' ' are particularly suitable for ecological building.
  • the stones 14 'and 14' 'instruct one of their narrow sides each have a groove 15 and 16 and a key 17 or 18 on the opposite narrow side on. In this way, adjacent shaped blocks 14 ', 14' ' interlock with each other, which increases stability and the laying of the stones is made easier.
  • the side Limitations of the lateral limits of the grooves 15 and 16 correspond.
  • the air chambers 19 and 20 facilitate thereby cutting the stones 14 ', 14' 'to length.
  • the Groove bottom 15.1 and 16.1 by sawing in the stone 14 ', 14' 'to to one of the air chambers and the stone 14 'according to FIG. 3 a cross section parallel to the original groove bottom 15.1 carried out. Then the grooved legs 15.2 or 16.2 shortened accordingly.
  • the distance of the air chambers 19, 20 is matched to the depth of the grooves 15 and 16, respectively.
  • the stone 40 shows Fig. 6 shows a toothing by a resigning Paragraph 41, 42 is formed on the narrow sides of the stone 40.
  • the arrangement and the depth of the paragraphs 41, 42 are so chosen that a wooden stand 43 on the outside depending on Half is covered by a stone 40. Of course can also be recesses in the central area for the stand 43 of the stone 40 are sawn out, as shown in FIG. 6 b).
  • planks 44 from the same material as the stones 40 may be provided.
  • the stone shape 40 thus enables the building to be erected even faster than the stone shape 14 '.
  • the stone 40 is suitable not only for half-timbered structures, but also for masonry pure stone houses and can also be used to brick interior walls are used, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the stone 40 'for interior walls has a narrow and elongated shape and fits with its stepped narrow sides exactly to the stand 50 with a T-shaped cross section.
  • the wall can then be made, for example, with drywall panels 51 be planked, preferably of the same material how the stones 40 'can be made.
  • the plates 51 can then cleaned or papered. It goes without saying but also planking with wood or other materials possible.
  • the walls can also be at least partially prefabricated will.
  • the roof structure 30 of the building shown in Fig. 5 is made from purlins 31, 32 and wooden rafters 33, 34.
  • Two types of rafters 33, 34 are provided.
  • the first rafters 34 are shorter and extend between the ridge purlin 31 and a eaves 35 of the roof.
  • Of the second type of rafters 33 is longer and lies on the Ridge purlin 31 and on the eaves 35.
  • These rafters 33 run parallel to the first rafters 34, but are offset in height from these, so that in the height space a continuous between the rafters 34 and 33 Thermal insulation laid across the entire roof can be.
  • Compared to the conventional insulation system, where insulation mats are inserted between the rafters there is no insulation of the roof Joint problem between insulation and wood. This will make the roof absolutely tight and has no thermal bridges.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Threshing Machine Elements (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

The modular building system uses shaped building blocks (14) fitted between the upright timbers (11) of the timber frame (11,12) on the outside walls of the house, so that the timbers are at least partially covered by the building blocks from the outside. Part of the timber frame of the house may be formed from pre-fabricated timber panels, with all parts of the timber frame pref. joined together without the use of metal fixings.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bausystem mit einer Tragekonstruktion aus Holz, wobei die Zwischenräume der Tragekonstruktion ausgefacht werden. Eine ähnliche Konstruktionsweise ist von Fachwerkbauten her bekannt. Dort wird allerdings die Ausfachung durch Holzverschalungen erreicht, zwischen denen wärmedämmende Materialien wie Mineralwolle oder dergleichen eingefüllt werden. Auch das Ausmauern der Gefache mit Steinen ist bereits bekannt. Hierzu eignen sich beispielsweise Ziegel- oder Leichtbetonsteine. Bei allen bislang bekannten Konstruktionen mit Ausmauern der Gefache werden die Holzständer der Tragekonstruktion an den Außenwänden nach außen hin allenfalls durch Putz abgedeckt. In den Fingen zwischen den Ständern und den angrenzenden Steinen wird Mörtel eingebracht. Erfährt der Holzständer jedoch aufgrund von Temperatureinflüssen eine Volumenänderung oder andere Formveränderungen, so besteht die Gefahr, daß der Mörtel in den Fugen zwischen den Ständern und den Steinen reißt. Da die Fingen eine direkte Verbindung zwischen Gebäudeinnerem und Umgebung bilden, kann ein Reißen des Mörtels die Wärmedämmeigenschaften der Außenwand an diesen Stellen und in ungünstigen Fällen sogar die Dichtigkeit der Außenwände beeinträchtigen. Daher muß oft ein mehrschaliger Wandaufbau vorgesehen werden, wobei meist eine Dampfsperre in Form einer Folie erforderlich ist. The invention relates to a building system with a supporting structure made of wood, the spaces between the supporting structure to be fanned out. A similar construction is from Half-timbered buildings known. There, however, is the infill achieved by wooden cladding, between which thermal insulation Materials such as mineral wool or the like filled will. The bricking of the compartments with stones is also already known. Brick or Lightweight concrete blocks. With all known constructions with the walls of the compartments, the wooden stands of The supporting structure on the outside walls at best covered by plaster. In the fingers between the stands and Mortar is placed in the adjacent stones. He experiences Wooden stand, however, due to temperature influences Volume change or other shape changes, so there is Risk of mortar in the joints between the uprights and tearing the stones. Because the fingers have a direct connection between Building interior and surroundings can tear the Mortar the thermal insulation properties of the outer wall on this Make and in unfavorable cases even the tightness of the Affect outer walls. Therefore, a multi-layered must often Wall structure can be provided, usually with a vapor barrier in Form of a film is required.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Bausystem mit einer Holztragekonstruktion zu schaffen, das die obengenannten Nachteile vermeidet.The present invention is based on the object Building system with a wooden support structure to create the avoids disadvantages mentioned above.

Die Aufgabe wird mit einem Bausystem zur Erstellung von Gebäuden mit einer Tragekonstruktion aus Holz gelöst, die mit Formsteinen ausgefacht ist, wobei mindestens an den Außenwänden des Gebäudes die Holzständer der Tragekonstruktion von Teilen der ihnen benachbarten Formsteine mindestens nach außen hin abgedeckt sind. Die beidseits eines Holzständers angeordneten Formsteine übergreifen also den Holzständer auf der Außenseite. Hierdurch wird eine Fuge zwischen Holzständern und Steinen vermieden, die eine direkte Verbindung zwischen Gebäudeinnerem und Außenseite des Gebäudes darstellt. Thermische Spannungen innerhalb des Holzes können somit weder die Wärmedämmeigenschaften noch die Dichtigkeit des Gebäudes beeinträchtigen. Dabei können die Teile der Holztragekonstruktion vorteilhafterweise aus Brettschichtholz gefertigt sein, das sehr formstabil ist. Hierdurch ist auch die Realisierung von großen Gefachweiten möglich. Die Überlappung der Holzständer läßt sich durch einfaches entsprechendes Ausschneiden der Formsteine an den Seitenflächen erreichen. Mit dem Bausystem gemäß der Erfindung können vorzugsweise vollständig ökologische und baubiologische Häuser erstellt werden. Hierzu können zweckmäßigerweise sämtliche Teile der Holztragekonstruktion metallfrei miteinander verbunden sein. Als Verbindungstechnik für die einzelnen Teile der Holztragekonstruktion kommen beispielsweise Schwalbenschwanzzapfungen oder auch andere Steckverbindungen in Frage. Auch die Formsteine lassen sich vollständig aus baubiologischen Materialien herstellen. Um Mörtel bei der Vermauerung der Steine zu vermeiden, können diese auch mit einem biologisch verträglichen Kleber miteinander verklebt sein. Eine besonders stabile Ausfachung läßt sich dadurch erzielen, daß benachbarte Formsteine miteinander verzahnt sein können. Zur Verzahnung können beispielsweise Nut-/Federverbindungen eingesetzt werden. Hierbei können dann die Nutmaße zweckmäßigerweise den Querschnittsmaßen der Ständer der Tragekonstruktion angepaßt sein. Dadurch paßt ein Ständer exakt in die Nutöffnung der Formsteine, wobei sich automatisch eine Abdeckung der Ständer auf der Außenseite ergibt.The task is done using a building system to create buildings solved with a wooden support structure, with shaped stones is fanned out, at least on the outer walls of the building the wooden stand of the supporting structure of parts of the neighboring shaped stones at least to the outside are covered. The arranged on both sides of a wooden stand Shaped stones overlap the wooden stand on the outside. This creates a joint between wooden stands and stones avoided having a direct connection between building interiors and outside of the building. Thermal stresses inside the wood, therefore, neither the thermal insulation properties still affect the tightness of the building. The parts of the wooden support structure can advantageously be made of glulam, which is very dimensionally stable is. This is also the realization of large ones Compartment widths possible. The overlap of the wooden stand leaves by simply cutting out the shaped blocks accordingly reach on the side surfaces. With the construction system according to the invention can preferably be completely ecological and biological buildings are created. You can do this conveniently all parts of the wooden support structure are metal-free be connected. As connection technology for the individual parts of the wooden support structure come for example Dovetail taps or other plug connections in question. The shaped stones can also be completely removed produce from building biological materials. To mortar Avoiding when the stones are walled up can also glued together with a biologically compatible adhesive be. A particularly stable infill can be achieved that adjacent stones are interlocked can. For example, tongue and groove connections can be used for the toothing be used. The groove dimensions can then be used expediently the cross-sectional dimensions of the stand of the support structure be adjusted. This means that a stand fits exactly the slot opening of the shaped blocks, whereby automatically Covering the stand on the outside results.

Der erfindungsgemäße Formstein, der sich insbesondere zur Ausfachung von Skelettbaukonstruktionen wie dem oben beschriebenen Bausystem eignet, ist aus einem Material gefertigt, das Holzschnitzel und Mineralstoffe oder Hanf, insbesondere Hanfschäben, und Kalk mit Zuschlagstoffen enthält. Als Bindemittel kann das Material außerdem Zement oder Magnesit enthalten. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß Vollsteine aus einem solchen Material hervorragende Wärmedämmeigenschaften haben. Ein Stein mit einer Dicke von 30 cm weist einen Wärmeleitwert von k < 0,4 auf. Eine aus diesen Formsteinen gemauerte Wand erfüllt somit sämtliche gesetzlichen Anforderungen an die Wärmedämmung, so daß das Aufbringen einer zusätzlichen Wärmedämmung auf der Außenseite der Wand entfallen kann. Darüber hinaus besteht der Formstein ausschließlich oder wenigstens zum überwiegenden Teil aus baubiologischen Stoffen, wodurch sich ein hervorragendes Raumklima erzielen läßt. Der Stein ist klimaaktiv und bildet keine Diffusionssperre, d. h. er läßt im Sommer und im Winter einen gesunden Feuchtigkeits- und Luftaustausch mit der Umgebung zu und weist stets eine warme und trockene Oberfläche auf. Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung kann der Formstein als Vollstein ausgebildet sein. Außerdem kann er an seinen Schmalseiten mit Verzahnungsbereichen versehen sein, die in Verzahnungsbereiche von Nachbarsteinen passen. Diese Verzahnungsbereiche können dabei so gestaltet sein, daß sich bei Anordnung der Formsteine benachbart zu einem Ständer automatisch eine Abdeckung des Ständers auf der Außenseite ergibt. Der Stein kann beispielsweise an einer seiner Schmalseiten eine Nut und an der gegenüberliegenden Schmalseite einen in die Nut eines Nachbarsteins passenden Federvorsprung aufweisen. The shaped block according to the invention, which is particularly for infill of skeletal structures such as that described above Suitable construction system is made of a material that Wood chips and minerals or hemp, especially hemp shives, and contains lime with aggregates. As a binder the material may also contain cement or magnesite. It has been shown that full stones from such a material have excellent thermal insulation properties. A stone with a thickness of 30 cm has a thermal conductivity of k <0.4 on. A wall made of these shaped stones thus fulfills all legal requirements for thermal insulation, so that the application of additional insulation on the Outside of the wall can be omitted. In addition, the Shaped stone exclusively or at least for the most part Part from building biological materials, which makes an excellent Can achieve indoor climate. The stone is climate active and does not form a diffusion barrier, i. H. it leaves in summer and in A healthy exchange of moisture and air with the Environment and always has a warm and dry surface on. In an advantageous embodiment, the shaped block be designed as a solid stone. He can also use his Narrow sides can be provided with toothing areas that in Interlocking areas of neighboring blocks fit. These gear areas can be designed so that at Arrangement of the shaped stones adjacent to a stand automatically covers the stand on the outside. For example, the stone can have one on one of its narrow sides Groove and one on the opposite narrow side Have a suitable tongue projection in the groove of a neighboring stone.

Zur Gewichtsreduzierung können im Formstein Luftkammern vorgesehen sein. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn sich die Luftkammern parallel oder quer zur Längsrichtung der Formsteine erstrecken und über die Länge des Steins verteilt angeordnet sind. Die Luftkammern bilden auch eine Hilfe für das Ablängen des Steins.Air chambers can be provided in the molded block to reduce weight be. It is advantageous if the air chambers extend parallel or transverse to the longitudinal direction of the shaped blocks and arranged along the length of the stone are. The air chambers also help cut to length of the stone.

Die erfindungsgemäße Dachkonstruktion, die sich für sämtliche Gebäudetypen eignet und sich in besonderer Weise mit dem Bausystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 verbinden läßt, weist Pfetten und Dachsparren aus Holz auf und ist gekennzeichnet durch erste kürzere Dachsparren, die zwischen der Firstpfette und der Traufe oder dem Kniestock des Daches angeordnet sind, und zweite, längere Konter-Dachsparren, die auf der Firstpfette aufliegen und sich bis zum Dachrand erstrecken und dabei parallel aber in der Höhe versetzt zu den ersten Dachsparren angeordnet sind, so daß in dem Höhenzwischenraum zwischen den ersten und zweiten Dachsparren durchgehend Dämm-Matten als Aufdachisolierung anordenbar sind. Im Gegensatz zu allen bekannten Dachkonstruktionen kann hier also die Dämmung wie ein Teppich durchgehend über die gesamte Dachfläche verlegt werden. Es entstehen also keine Fugen zwischen den Dachsparren und den Dämm-Matten, die Kältebrücken darstellen und nur selten winddicht herzustellen sind. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Dachkonstruktion können ganze Bahnen von Dämmaterial stumpf aneinanderstoßend großflächig auf dem Dach verlegt werden. Auch ein mehrschichtiger Aufbau der Dämmung ist möglich.The roof structure according to the invention, which is suitable for everyone Building types suitable and in a special way with the building system can connect according to one of claims 1 to 8, has Purlins and rafters made of wood and is marked through the first shorter rafters between the ridge purlin and the eaves or the knee stick of the roof are arranged, and second, longer counter rafters on the ridge purlin lie on and extend to the roof edge and parallel to, but offset in height from, the first rafters are arranged so that in the height gap between the first and second rafters throughout insulation mats can be arranged as roof insulation. In contrast to All known roof constructions can use insulation here laid like a carpet throughout the entire roof area will. So there are no joints between the rafters and the insulation mats, which represent cold bridges and can rarely be made windproof. In the case of the invention Roof construction can use entire sheets of insulation material butted across the roof will. A multi-layer construction of the insulation is also possible.

Nachfolgend wird das erfindungsgemäße Bausystem sowie der erfindungsgemäße Formstein in Form bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. The construction system according to the invention and the Molded stone according to the invention in the form of preferred exemplary embodiments explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

Im einzelnen zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines im Rohbau befindlichen Hauses nach einem erfindungsgemäßen Bausystem;
Fig. 2
eine Detailansicht einer Ausfachung der Tragekonstruktion des Hauses nach Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
eine Draufsicht auf einen ersten Formstein zur Herstellung von Gebäudeaußenwänden;
Fig. 4
eine Draufsicht auf einen Formstein zur Herstellung von Gebäudeinnenwänden;
Fig. 5
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Hauses mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Dachkonstruktion;
Fig. 6
eine Draufsicht auf zweite Formsteine zur Herstellung von Gebäudeaußenwänden;
Fig. 7
eine Draufsicht auf Formsteine gemäß Fig. 6 zur Herstellung von Gebäudeinnenwänden.
In detail show:
Fig. 1
a perspective view of an unfinished house according to a construction system according to the invention;
Fig. 2
a detailed view of a infill of the support structure of the house of FIG. 1;
Fig. 3
a plan view of a first molded block for the production of building outer walls;
Fig. 4
a plan view of a molded block for the production of building walls;
Fig. 5
a perspective view of a house with a roof structure according to the invention;
Fig. 6
a plan view of second blocks for the production of building exterior walls;
Fig. 7
a plan view of shaped blocks according to FIG. 6 for the production of building interior walls.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein im Rohbauzustand befindliches Wohnhaus 10, das eine Tragekonstruktion aus Holzständern 11 und Querbalken 12 aufweist. Sämtliche tragenden Elemente des Hauses 10 bestehen somit aus Holz. Die Gefache 13 zwischen der Holztragekonstruktion 11, 12 werden mit Hilfe von Formsteinen 14 ausgemauert. Wie insbesondere in der Detailzeichnung nach Fig. 2 zu erkennen ist, decken dabei die Formsteine 14 die Ständer 11 der Holztragekonstruktion sowohl auf der Außen- als auch auf der Innenseite im Bereich der Außenwände ab, so daß keine durchgehende Fuge vom Gebäudeinneren zur Umgebung zwischen den Holzständern 11 und den angrenzenden Formsteinen 14 entsteht. Dies wird dadurch erzielt, daß die den Holzständern 11 benachbarten Formsteine 14 an ihrer Schmalseite eine nutförmige Aussparung aufweisen, die dem Querschnitt der Holzständer 11 angepaßt ist. Zweckmäßigerweise können zur Ausfachung der Holztragekonstruktion 11, 12 des Hauses 10 nach Fig. 1 die in den Figuren 3 und 4 gezeigten Formsteine 14' und 14'' verwendet werden. Die Steine 14' und 14'' sind jedoch unabhängig von dem in den Figuren 1 und 2 gezeigten Bausystem und können beispielsweise auch zur herkömmlichen Ausfachung normaler Fachwerkkonstruktionen oder Stahlskelettkonstruktionen eingesetzt werden. Der Formstein 14' nach Fig. 3 zeigt dabei einen Stein, der zur Herstellung von Außenwänden eines Gebäudes dient und eine entsprechende Dicke aufweist. Er ist aus einem Material gefertigt, das in erster Linie Holzschnitzel und Mineralstoffe, beispielsweise Quarzsand enthält. Bei Auswahl entsprechender Zusatzstoffe als Bindemittel und entsprechender biologischer Kleber zum Verbinden der einzelnen Steine, eignen sich die Formsteine 14' und 14'' insbesondere für das ökologische Bauen. Die Steine 14' und 14'' weisen an einer ihrer Schmalseiten jeweils eine Nut 15 bzw. 16 und an der gegenüberliegenden Schmalseite eine Paßfeder 17 bzw. 18 auf. Hierdurch lassen sich benachbarte Formsteine 14', 14'' miteinander verzahnen, wodurch sich die Stabilität erhöht und die Verlegung der Steine erleichtert wird. Zur Gewichtsreduzierung sind in die Steine 14' und 14'' Luftkammern 19 bzw. 20 eingebracht, die sich quer zur Längsrichtung der Steine 14', 14'' erstrecken und über die gesamte Länge des Steins 14', 14'' in einen Bereich verteilt sind, dessen seitliche Begrenzungen den seitlichen Begrenzungen der Nuten 15 und 16 entsprechen. Die Luftkammern 19 und 20 erleichtern hierdurch das Ablängen der Steine 14', 14''. Hierzu wird der Nutboden 15.1 und 16.1 durch Einsägen des Steins 14', 14'' bis zu einer der Luftkammern und beim Stein 14' nach Fig. 3 durch einen Querschnitt parallel zum ursprünglichen Nutboden 15.1 durchgeführt. Anschließend werden die Nutschenkel 15.2 bzw. 16.2 entsprechend gekürzt. Der Abstand der Luftkammern 19, 20 ist dabei auf die Tiefe der Nuten 15 bzw. 16 abgestimmt.1 shows an unfinished house 10, a supporting structure made of wooden stands 11 and crossbeams 12 has. All structural elements of the house 10 are made of wood. The compartments 13 between the wooden support structure 11, 12 with the help of shaped stones 14 bricked up. As especially in the detailed drawing Fig. 2 can be seen, the shaped blocks 14 cover the Stand 11 of the wooden support structure on both the outside also on the inside in the area of the outer walls, so that no continuous joint from the inside of the building to the surroundings between the wooden stands 11 and the adjacent shaped stones 14 arises. This is achieved in that the wooden stands 11 adjacent shaped blocks 14 on their narrow side Have groove-shaped recess, the cross section of the wooden stand 11 is adjusted. Conveniently, to infill the wooden support structure 11, 12 of the house 10 1 shows the shaped blocks 14 'shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. and 14 '' can be used. The stones 14 'and 14' 'are, however regardless of the building system shown in Figures 1 and 2 and can also be used for conventional infill, for example normal framework structures or steel skeleton structures be used. The shaped block 14 'according to FIG. 3 shows Thereby a stone, which is used for the production of external walls Building serves and has a corresponding thickness. He is Made from a material that is primarily wood chips and contains minerals, for example quartz sand. At Selection of appropriate additives as binders and corresponding ones biological glue to connect the individual Stones, the shaped stones 14 'and 14' 'are particularly suitable for ecological building. The stones 14 'and 14' 'instruct one of their narrow sides each have a groove 15 and 16 and a key 17 or 18 on the opposite narrow side on. In this way, adjacent shaped blocks 14 ', 14' ' interlock with each other, which increases stability and the laying of the stones is made easier. For weight reduction are in the stones 14 'and 14' 'air chambers 19 and 20 respectively introduced, which is transverse to the longitudinal direction of the stones 14 ', 14' 'and extend over the entire length of the Steins 14 ', 14' 'are distributed in an area, the side Limitations of the lateral limits of the grooves 15 and 16 correspond. The air chambers 19 and 20 facilitate thereby cutting the stones 14 ', 14' 'to length. For this, the Groove bottom 15.1 and 16.1 by sawing in the stone 14 ', 14' 'to to one of the air chambers and the stone 14 'according to FIG. 3 a cross section parallel to the original groove bottom 15.1 carried out. Then the grooved legs 15.2 or 16.2 shortened accordingly. The distance of the air chambers 19, 20 is matched to the depth of the grooves 15 and 16, respectively.

Im Gegensatz zu den Steinen 14', 14'' weist der Stein 40 aus Fig. 6 eine Verzahnung auf, die durch einen zurücktretenden Absatz 41, 42 an den Schmalseiten des Steins 40 gebildet wird. Die Anordnung und die Tiefe der Absätze 41, 42 sind dabei so gewählt, daß ein Holzständer 43 auf der Außenseite je zur Hälfte von einem Stein 40 überdeckt wird. Selbstverständlich können für die Ständer 43 auch Aussparungen im mittleren Bereich des Steins 40 ausgesägt werden, wie Fig. 6 b) zeigt. Auf der Innenseite können die Ständer 43 mit Planken 44 aus dem gleichen Material wie die Steine 40 versehen sein. Die Steinform 40 ermöglicht somit einen noch rascheren Aufbau des Gebäudes als die Steinform 14'. Der Stein 40 eignet sich aber nicht nur für Fachwerkkonstruktionen, sondern auch zum Mauern reiner Steinhäuser und kann auch zum Mauern von Innenwänden eingesetzt werden, wie Fig. 7 zeigt. Der Stein 40' für Innenwände weist eine schmale und langgestreckte Form auf und paßt mit seinen abgestuften Schmalseiten exakt zu den Ständern 50 mit T-förmigem Querschnitt. Ein Stein 40' paßt dabei genau zwischen zwei Ständer 50, so daß über große Bereiche der Wand keine Schneidearbeiten an den Steinen 40' erforderlich sind. Die Wand kann dann beispielsweise mit Trockenbauplatten 51 beplankt werden, die vorzugsweise aus dem gleichen Material wie die Steine 40' gefertigt sein können. Die Platten 51 können dann geputzt oder tapeziert werden. Selbstverständlich ist jedoch auch eine Beplankung mit Holz oder anderen Materialien möglich. Die Wände können auch mindestens teilweise vorgefertigt werden.In contrast to the stones 14 ', 14' ', the stone 40 shows Fig. 6 shows a toothing by a resigning Paragraph 41, 42 is formed on the narrow sides of the stone 40. The arrangement and the depth of the paragraphs 41, 42 are so chosen that a wooden stand 43 on the outside depending on Half is covered by a stone 40. Of course can also be recesses in the central area for the stand 43 of the stone 40 are sawn out, as shown in FIG. 6 b). On the inside of the stand 43 with planks 44 from the same material as the stones 40 may be provided. The stone shape 40 thus enables the building to be erected even faster than the stone shape 14 '. The stone 40 is suitable not only for half-timbered structures, but also for masonry pure stone houses and can also be used to brick interior walls are used, as shown in FIG. 7. The stone 40 'for interior walls has a narrow and elongated shape and fits with its stepped narrow sides exactly to the stand 50 with a T-shaped cross section. A stone 40 'fits exactly between two stands 50, so that over large areas of the wall no cutting work on the stones 40 'are required. The wall can then be made, for example, with drywall panels 51 be planked, preferably of the same material how the stones 40 'can be made. The plates 51 can then cleaned or papered. It goes without saying but also planking with wood or other materials possible. The walls can also be at least partially prefabricated will.

Die Dachkonstruktion 30 des in Fig. 5 gezeigten Gebäudes besteht aus Pfetten 31, 32 und Dachsparren 33, 34 aus Holz. Dabei sind zwei Arten von Dachsparren 33, 34 vorgesehen. Die ersten Dachsparren 34 sind kürzer und erstrecken sich zwischen der Firstpfette 31 und einer Dachtraufe 35 des Daches. Der zweite Typ von Dachsparren 33 ist länger und liegt auf der Firstpfette 31 und auf dem Trauf 35 auf. Diese Dachsparren 33 verlaufen parallel zu den ersten Dachsparren 34, sind jedoch in der Höhe gegenüber diesen versetzt, so daß in dem Höhenzwischenraum zwischen den Dachsparren 34 und 33 eine durchgehende Wärmedämmung flächendeckend über das ganze Dach verlegt werden kann. Hierdurch entsteht eine Aufdachisolierung, die durch die als Konter-Sparren wirkenden Dachsparren 33 nach oben gehalten wird. Gegenüber dem herkömmlichen Dämmsystem, bei dem Dämm-Matten zwischen den Dachsparren eingefügt werden, entsteht bei einer flächendeckenden Dämmung des Daches kein Fugenproblem zwischen Dämmung und Holz. Das Dach wird dadurch absolut dicht und weist keinerlei Kältebrücken auf.The roof structure 30 of the building shown in Fig. 5 is made from purlins 31, 32 and wooden rafters 33, 34. Two types of rafters 33, 34 are provided. The first rafters 34 are shorter and extend between the ridge purlin 31 and a eaves 35 of the roof. Of the second type of rafters 33 is longer and lies on the Ridge purlin 31 and on the eaves 35. These rafters 33 run parallel to the first rafters 34, but are offset in height from these, so that in the height space a continuous between the rafters 34 and 33 Thermal insulation laid across the entire roof can be. This creates a roof insulation, by the rafters 33 acting as counter rafters is held up. Compared to the conventional insulation system, where insulation mats are inserted between the rafters, there is no insulation of the roof Joint problem between insulation and wood. This will make the roof absolutely tight and has no thermal bridges.

Claims (15)

Bausystem zur Erstellung von Gebäuden mit einer Tragekonstruktion aus Holz (11, 12), die mit Formsteinen (14, 14', 14'', 40) ausgefacht ist, wobei mindestens an den Außenwänden des Gebäudes (10) die Holzständer (11, 43) der Tragekonstruktion (11, 12) von Teilen der ihnen benachbarten Formsteine (14, 40) mindestens nach außen hin abgedeckt sind.Building system for the construction of buildings with a supporting structure made of wood (11, 12) with shaped stones (14, 14 ', 14' ', 40), at least on the outer walls of the building (10) the wooden stand (11, 43) of the supporting structure (11, 12) of parts of the adjacent shaped blocks (14, 40) at least after are covered on the outside. Bausystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Teile der Holztragekonstruktion (11, 12) aus Brettschichtholz gefertigt sind.Building system according to claim 1, characterized in that the Parts of the wooden support structure (11, 12) made of glulam are made. Bausystem nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sämtliche Teile der Holztragekonstruktion (11, 12) metallfrei miteinander verbunden sind.Building system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that all parts of the wooden support structure (11, 12) are connected to each other without metal. Bausystem nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Teile (11, 12) der Holztragekonstruktion mittels Schwalbenschwanzzapfungen miteinander verbunden sind.Building system according to claim 3, characterized in that the Parts (11, 12) of the wooden support structure using dovetail joints are interconnected. Bausystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Formsteine (14, 14', 14'', 40) vorzugsweise unter Verwendung eines biologisch verträglichen Klebers miteinander verklebt sind. Building system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the shaped blocks (14, 14 ', 14' ', 40) preferably using a biocompatible Glue are glued together. Bausystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß benachbarte Formsteine (14', 14'', 40) miteinander verzahnt sind.Building system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that adjacent shaped blocks (14 ', 14' ', 40) are interlinked. Bausystem nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß benachbarte Formsteine (14', 14'') über Nut-/Federverbindungen (15, 17; 16, 18) miteinander verzahnt sind.Building system according to claim 6, characterized in that neighboring Shaped stones (14 ', 14' ') via tongue and groove connections (15, 17; 16, 18) are interlocked. Bausystem nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nutmaße den Querschnittsmaßen der Ständer (11) der Tragekonstruktion (11, 12) angepaßt sind.Building system according to claim 7, characterized in that the Groove dimensions the cross-sectional dimensions of the stand (11) of the support structure (11, 12) are adapted. Formstein, insbesondere zur Ausfachung von Skelettbaukonstruktionen wie einem Bausystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, der aus einem Material gefertigt ist, das Holzschnitzel und Mineralstoffe oder Hanf, insbesondere Hanfschäben, und Kalk mit Zuschlagstoffen enthält.Shaped stone, especially for the infill of skeleton structures like a building system according to one of the claims 1 to 8, which is made of a material that Wood chips and minerals or hemp, in particular Hemp shives, and lime containing aggregates. Formstein nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material als Bindemittel Zement oder Magnesit enthält.Molded stone according to claim 9, characterized in that the Contains material as a cement or magnesite binder. Formstein nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er als Vollstein ausgebildet ist.Molded stone according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that he is trained as a solid stone. Formstein nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er an seinen Schmalseiten mit Verzahnungsbereichen (41, 42) versehen ist, die in Verzahnungsbereiche (41, 42) eines Nachbarsteins passen.Shaped block according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that that it has toothed areas on its narrow sides (41, 42) is provided in toothing areas (41, 42) of a neighboring stone. Formstein nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er an einer seiner Schmalseiten eine Nut (15, 16) und an der gegenüberliegenden Schmalseite eine in die Nut eines Nachbarsteins passenden Federvorsprung (17, 18) aufweist. Molded stone according to claim 12, characterized in that it on one of its narrow sides a groove (15, 16) and on the opposite narrow side one in the groove of a neighboring stone matching spring projection (17, 18). Formstein nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er Luftkammern (18, 19), die sich parallel oder quer zur Längsrichtung der Formsteine (14', 14'') erstrecken, aufweist.Molded stone according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized characterized in that it has air chambers (18, 19) that are parallel or transverse to the longitudinal direction of the shaped stones (14 ', 14' '). Dachkonstruktion, insbesondere für ein Bausystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, mit Pfetten und Dachsparren aus Holz, gekennzeichnet durch erste kürzere Dachsparren, die zwischen der Firstpfette und der Traufe oder dem Kniestock des Daches angeordnet sind, und zweite, längere Konter-Dachsparren, die auf der Firstpfette aufliegen und sich bis zum Dachrand erstrecken und dabei parallel aber in der Höhe versetzt zu den ersten Dachsparren angeordnet sind, so daß in dem Höhenzwischenraum zwischen den ersten und zweiten Dachsparren durchgehend Dämm-Matten als Aufdachisolierung anordenbar sind.Roof construction, especially for a building system according to one of claims 1 to 8, with purlins and rafters made of wood, characterized by the first shorter rafters, between the ridge purlin and the eaves or the knee stick the roof are arranged, and second, longer ones Counter rafters that rest on the ridge purlin and extend to the edge of the roof while being parallel offset in height from the first rafters are, so that in the height space between the first and second rafters with continuous insulation mats as roof insulation can be arranged.
EP97117772A 1996-10-26 1997-10-14 Construction system for the erection of buildings Expired - Lifetime EP0838557B1 (en)

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DE202014008049U1 (en) 2014-10-12 2015-02-09 Gregor Stelmaszczyk Creation of structures from a variety of individual handy, compatible and modular structural members for dry and self-assembling timber structures
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DE29618705U1 (en) 1997-01-02
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ATE242375T1 (en) 2003-06-15
EP0838557A3 (en) 1998-05-27

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