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EP0775817A1 - Exhaust gas recirculation for supercharged internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Exhaust gas recirculation for supercharged internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0775817A1
EP0775817A1 EP96116740A EP96116740A EP0775817A1 EP 0775817 A1 EP0775817 A1 EP 0775817A1 EP 96116740 A EP96116740 A EP 96116740A EP 96116740 A EP96116740 A EP 96116740A EP 0775817 A1 EP0775817 A1 EP 0775817A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
gas recirculation
valve
exhaust
control device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96116740A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0775817B1 (en
Inventor
Dr. Nunzio D'alfonso
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAN Truck and Bus SE
Original Assignee
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG filed Critical MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG
Publication of EP0775817A1 publication Critical patent/EP0775817A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
    • F02D21/06—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
    • F02D21/08—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/09—Constructional details, e.g. structural combinations of EGR systems and supercharger systems; Arrangement of the EGR and supercharger systems with respect to the engine
    • F02M26/10—Constructional details, e.g. structural combinations of EGR systems and supercharger systems; Arrangement of the EGR and supercharger systems with respect to the engine having means to increase the pressure difference between the exhaust and intake system, e.g. venturis, variable geometry turbines, check valves using pressure pulsations or throttles in the air intake or exhaust system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/42—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders
    • F02M26/43—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories having two or more EGR passages; EGR systems specially adapted for engines having two or more cylinders in which exhaust from only one cylinder or only a group of cylinders is directed to the intake of the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/52—Systems for actuating EGR valves
    • F02M26/59—Systems for actuating EGR valves using positive pressure actuators; Check valves therefor
    • F02M26/61—Systems for actuating EGR valves using positive pressure actuators; Check valves therefor in response to exhaust pressure
    • F02M26/615—Systems for actuating EGR valves using positive pressure actuators; Check valves therefor in response to exhaust pressure the exhaust back pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/17—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system
    • F02M26/21—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system with EGR valves located at or near the connection to the intake system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/40—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with timing means in the recirculation passage, e.g. cyclically operating valves or regenerators; with arrangements involving pressure pulsations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/65—Constructional details of EGR valves
    • F02M26/72—Housings
    • F02M26/73—Housings with means for heating or cooling the EGR valve

Definitions

  • the invention relates to exhaust gas recirculation according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the measure is known to return part of the exhaust gas externally from the exhaust gas system to the intake or charge air system, depending on the load of the internal combustion engine.
  • control devices are provided between the exhaust manifold and the intake or charge air pipe.
  • the removal of the exhaust gas from the exhaust manifold and the supply of the exhaust gas to the compressor are advantageous, since this prevents contamination of the compressor parts.
  • the charge air pressure exceeds the exhaust gas pressure in wide map areas and prevents exhaust gas recirculation. This happens for example. with mechanically charged machines in the entire engine core field and with turbocharged machines in the operating areas where the so-called flushing gradient, i.e. the mean value of the difference between charge air pressure and exhaust gas back pressure in front of the exhaust gas turbine is positive.
  • the object of the invention is to enable sufficient exhaust gas recirculation on the high-pressure side in the entire map of the internal combustion engine with supercharged internal combustion engines, with minimal influence on the gas exchange work in areas where the charge air pressure would otherwise exceed the exhaust gas pressure.
  • throttle and adjustable exhaust valve allows the exhaust gas back pressure in front of the control device to be set in all operating conditions so that the exhaust gas flow to be set flows in the direction of the charge air system if exhaust gas recirculation is desired.
  • the resulting higher exhaust back pressure can be limited to the minimum number of cylinders, which ensure a sufficient exhaust gas recirculation rate, so that the increase in gas exchange work due to the higher back pressure remains limited to a small number of cylinders.
  • Claim 3 represents a development of the control device for optimal exhaust gas recirculation with minimal push-out work.
  • Figure 1 shows a circuit diagram of a pressure-side exhaust gas recirculation of a supercharged internal combustion engine.
  • the example shows a six-cylinder brake engine 1 with a turbocharger 2, consisting of turbine 3 and compressor 4.
  • the charge air can be recooled by a charge air cooler 5 and fed to a charge air pipe 6.
  • parts of the exhaust gas can be returned to the charge air pipe 6 by a control device 7 via an exhaust gas recirculation line 8 and an exhaust gas control valve 9.
  • an exhaust gas cooler 10 can be connected upstream or downstream of the exhaust gas control valve 9.
  • the control device 7 consists of a throttle point 11 and an exhaust valve 12 connected in parallel thereto, which can be controlled by an actuator 13a.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation line 8 branches off from the control device 7 and opens into the pressure-side area of the charge air pipe 6 via the exhaust gas control valve 9.
  • the control device 7 with a throttle point 11 and an exhaust gas control valve 12 and actuator 13a connected in parallel is connected between the exhaust gas manifold 8 and the exhaust gas turbine 3.
  • a flap valve 7a can be arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation line 8. In this way, a certain exhaust gas recirculation is achieved even with the exhaust gas valve 12 fully open in areas of high exhaust gas pressure pulsation.
  • the cylinders 14a and 14b are then connected upstream of the control device 7.
  • the control device 7 can be arranged downstream of the cylinder 14c (FIG. 1) and thus use all three cylinders 14a, 14b, 14c of an exhaust gas flood for the generation of the exhaust gas back pressure and the exhaust gas flow to be recirculated.
  • the flow through the exhaust valve 12 relative to the throttle point 11 can be adjusted by fine adjustment by means of actuator 13a such that a defined exhaust gas pressure is built up in front of the control device 7, which pressure builds up the charge air pressure in the charge air pipe 6 exceeds.
  • the amount of the exhaust gas recirculated via the exhaust line 8 can be adjusted by the position of the exhaust valve 12.
  • the exhaust gas control valve 9 regulates the exhaust gas recirculation rate.
  • FIG. 4 An embodiment of the control device 7 is shown in Figures 4, 5.
  • the control device 7 is flanged to the side of a cylinder head together with the exhaust manifold 15 by means of screws 16a, 16b.
  • the housing 17 combines the exhaust valve 12 and the throttle point 11 and forms a structural unit with the sections 15a, 15b of the exhaust manifold 15.
  • the throttle point 11 connects the sections 15a, 15b of the exhaust manifold 15, so that an overpressure can form in the exhaust gas space 19, which can be regulated by the exhaust gas valve 12 connected in parallel with the throttle point 11.
  • the exhaust valve 12 is controlled by an actuator 13 (Fig. 1). To cool the exhaust valve 12, it is advantageous to provide the valve guide 20 with cooling fins 21.
  • a section V -V is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the housing 17 is flanged to the cylinder head, for example 14a (FIG. 1), by means of the section 15a.
  • the exhaust chamber 19 is connected on the one hand via the throttle point 11 and on the other hand via the exhaust valve 12 to the section 15b of the exhaust manifold 15 (FIG. 4).
  • the exhaust gas to be recirculated passes via the exhaust gas recirculation line 8 flanged to the housing 17 into the air collection tube shown in FIG. 1. 6.
  • the device 7 In the case of engines with single-flow turbocharging (FIG. 1) and in the case of mechanically charged engines, the device 7 is attached directly before the exhaust gas turbine is received or at the outlet of the exhaust manifold.
  • the action of all cylinders n with increased exhaust gas back pressure causes greater losses in the gas exchange phase or less favorable conditions for turbocharging, but offers advantages in the uniform and low-pulsation exhaust gas flow in the return line.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

The exhaust gas feedback takes the exhaust gas from a collector tube via a switchable regulating unit (7)to the induction air tube. The regulating unit is formed from a throttle point (11) and an exhaust gas valve (12) in parallel with it. Upstream of the regulating device, there is an exhaust gas feedback line (8) with an exhaust gas regulating valve (9). This valve and the exhaust gas valve (12) can be controlled by setting devices (13a, 13b). For a multi-cylinder machine, the regulating device is not connected to all the cylinders.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Abgasrückführung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to exhaust gas recirculation according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Zur Verringerung der Anteile von Stickoxiden im Abgas ist die Maßnahme bekannt, je nach Last der Brennkraftmaschine einen Teil des Abgases extern vom Abgas- ins Ansaug- bzw. Ladeluftsystem zurückzuführen. Zur Steuerung der Rückführungsrate werden zwischen Abgassammelrohr und Ansaug- bzw. Ladeluftrohr Regeleinrichtungen vorgesehen. Bei aufgeladenen Brennkraftmaschinen ist die Entnahme des Abgases am Abgassammelrohr und die Zuführ des Abgases nach Verdichter von Vorteil, da somit die Verschmutzung der Verdichterteile vermieden wird. Andererseits besteht das Problem, daß in weiten Kennfeldbereichen der Ladeluftdruck den Abgasdruck übersteigt und eine Abgasrückführung unterbindet. Dies geschieht z..B. bei mechanisch aufgeladenen Maschinen im gesamten Motorkernfeld sowie bei turboaufgeladenen Maschinen in den Betriebsbereichen, wo das sogenannte Spülgefälle, d.h. der Mittelwert der Differenz zwischen Ladeluftdruck und Abgasgegendruck vor der Abgasturbine, positiv ist.In order to reduce the proportions of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas, the measure is known to return part of the exhaust gas externally from the exhaust gas system to the intake or charge air system, depending on the load of the internal combustion engine. To control the recirculation rate, control devices are provided between the exhaust manifold and the intake or charge air pipe. In the case of supercharged internal combustion engines, the removal of the exhaust gas from the exhaust manifold and the supply of the exhaust gas to the compressor are advantageous, since this prevents contamination of the compressor parts. On the other hand, there is the problem that the charge air pressure exceeds the exhaust gas pressure in wide map areas and prevents exhaust gas recirculation. This happens for example. with mechanically charged machines in the entire engine core field and with turbocharged machines in the operating areas where the so-called flushing gradient, i.e. the mean value of the difference between charge air pressure and exhaust gas back pressure in front of the exhaust gas turbine is positive.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, bei aufgeladenen Brennkraftmaschinen eine ausreichende Abgasrückführung auf der Hochdruckseite im ganzen Kennfeld der Brennkraftmaschine zu ermöglichen, mit minimaler Beeinflussung der Gaswechselarbeit in den Bereichen, in denen sonst der Ladeluftdruck den Abgasdruck übersteigt.The object of the invention is to enable sufficient exhaust gas recirculation on the high-pressure side in the entire map of the internal combustion engine with supercharged internal combustion engines, with minimal influence on the gas exchange work in areas where the charge air pressure would otherwise exceed the exhaust gas pressure.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.According to the invention the object is achieved by the characterizing features of patent claim 1.

Durch das Zusammenspiel von Drosselstelle und regelbarem Abgasventil läßt sich der Abgasgegendruck vor der Regeleinrichtung in allen Betriebszuständen so einstellen, daß der einzustellende Abgasdurchsatz in Richtung Ladeluftsystem strömt, wenn Abgasrückführung gewünscht wird.The interaction of throttle and adjustable exhaust valve allows the exhaust gas back pressure in front of the control device to be set in all operating conditions so that the exhaust gas flow to be set flows in the direction of the charge air system if exhaust gas recirculation is desired.

In den Kennfeldbereichen wo der Abgasgegendruck den Ladeluftdruck übersteigt, wird das Abgasventil geöffnet, wodurch sich die Ausschiebearbeit auf das Normalmaß reduziert.In the map areas where the exhaust gas back pressure exceeds the charge air pressure, the exhaust gas valve is opened, which reduces the push-out work to normal.

In mehrzylindrigen Maschinen kann gemäß Anspruch 2 der dadurch entstehende höhere Abgasgegendruck auf die minimalste Zylinderzahl beschränkt werden, die eine ausreichende Abgasrückführrate sichern, so daß die Erhöhung der Gaswechselarbeit durch den höheren Gegendruck auf eine kleine Anzahl von Zylindern beschränkt bleibt.In multi-cylinder machines, the resulting higher exhaust back pressure can be limited to the minimum number of cylinders, which ensure a sufficient exhaust gas recirculation rate, so that the increase in gas exchange work due to the higher back pressure remains limited to a small number of cylinders.

Anspruch 3 stellt eine Weiterbildung der Regeleinrichtung zur optimalen Abgasrückführung bei minimaler Ausschiebearbeit dar.Claim 3 represents a development of the control device for optimal exhaust gas recirculation with minimal push-out work.

Eine vorteilhafte Anordnung kann dem Patentanspruch 4 entnommen werden. Durch die Zusammenfassung aller Elemente zu einer baulichen Einheit wird eine raumsparende und kostengünstige Lösung erzielt.An advantageous arrangement can be found in claim 4. By combining all elements into one structural unit, a space-saving and cost-effective solution is achieved.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen können ferner den Patentansprüchen 5 und 6 entnommen werden.Advantageous further developments can also be found in patent claims 5 and 6.

Ausführungsbeispiele für eine Abgasrückführung an einer aufgeladenen Brennkraftmaschine sind in Zeichnungen dargestellt. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
ein Schaltschema einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Abgasturbolader und einer Regeleinrichtung zur druckseitigen Abgasrückführung.
Fig. 2
ein Schaltschema einer Brennkraftmaschine mit zweiflutiger Abgasturboaufladung, wobei die Regeleinrichtung stromabwärts von Zylinder 14a angeordnet ist.
Fig. 3
ein Schaltschema einer Brennkraftmaschine mit zweiflutiger Abgasturboaufladung, wobei die Regeleinrichtung stromabwärts der Zylinder 14a, 14b angeordnet ist.
Fig. 4
ein Beispiel einer konstruktiven Ausbildung der Einrichtung 7, die stromabwärts des Zylinders Nr. 6 angeordnet ist.
Fig. 5
einen Schnitt V-V durch die Einheit von Drossel und Abgasventil von Fig. 4.
Exemplary embodiments for exhaust gas recirculation on a supercharged internal combustion engine are shown in the drawings. It shows:
Fig. 1
a circuit diagram of an internal combustion engine with exhaust gas turbocharger and a control device for pressure-side exhaust gas recirculation.
Fig. 2
a circuit diagram of an internal combustion engine with twin-flow exhaust gas turbocharging, the control device being arranged downstream of cylinder 14a.
Fig. 3
a circuit diagram of an internal combustion engine with twin-flow exhaust gas turbocharging, the control device being arranged downstream of the cylinders 14a, 14b.
Fig. 4
an example of a structural design of the device 7, which is arranged downstream of the cylinder No. 6.
Fig. 5
a section VV through the unit of throttle and exhaust valve of Fig. 4th

Figur 1 stellt ein Schaltschema einer druckseitigen Abgasrückführung einer aufgeladenen Brennkraftmaschine dar. Das Beispiel zeigt eine sechszylindrige Bremmkraftmaschine 1 mit einem Turbolader 2, bestehend aus Turbine 3 und Verdichter 4. Die Ladeluft kann durch einen Ladeluftkühler 5 rückgekühlt und einem Ladeluftrohr 6 zugeführt werden. Erfindungsgemäß können Teile des Abgases durch eine Regeleinrichtung 7 über eine Abgasrückführleitung 8 und ein Abgasregelventil 9 ins Ladeluftrohr 6 zurückgeführt werden. Zur Kühlung des Abgases kann dem Abgasregelventil 9 ein Abgaskühler 10 vor- bzw. nachgeschaltet sein.Figure 1 shows a circuit diagram of a pressure-side exhaust gas recirculation of a supercharged internal combustion engine. The example shows a six-cylinder brake engine 1 with a turbocharger 2, consisting of turbine 3 and compressor 4. The charge air can be recooled by a charge air cooler 5 and fed to a charge air pipe 6. According to the invention, parts of the exhaust gas can be returned to the charge air pipe 6 by a control device 7 via an exhaust gas recirculation line 8 and an exhaust gas control valve 9. To cool the exhaust gas, an exhaust gas cooler 10 can be connected upstream or downstream of the exhaust gas control valve 9.

Die erfindungsgemäße Regeleinrichtung 7 besteht aus einer Drosselstelle 11 und einem dazu parallel geschalteten Abgasventil 12, welches durch ein Stellglied 13a regelbar ist. Von der Regeleinrichtung 7 zweigt die Abgasrückführleitung 8 ab, welche über das Abgasregelventil 9 in den druckseitigen Bereich des Ladeluftrohres 6 mündet. Die Regeleinrichtung 7 mit einer Drosselstelle 11 und einem dazu parallel geschalteten Abgasregelventil 12 und Stellglied 13a ist zwischen Abgassammelrohr 8 und Abgasturbine 3 eingeschaltet. Auf dem Weg vom Abgassammelrohr zum Ladeluftrohr 6 kann in der Abgasrückführleitung 8 ein Flatterventil 7a angeordnet werden. Damit wird auch bei voll geöffnetem Abgasventil 12 in Bereichen hoher Abgasdruckpulsation eine gewisse Abgasrückführung erreicht.The control device 7 according to the invention consists of a throttle point 11 and an exhaust valve 12 connected in parallel thereto, which can be controlled by an actuator 13a. The exhaust gas recirculation line 8 branches off from the control device 7 and opens into the pressure-side area of the charge air pipe 6 via the exhaust gas control valve 9. The control device 7 with a throttle point 11 and an exhaust gas control valve 12 and actuator 13a connected in parallel is connected between the exhaust gas manifold 8 and the exhaust gas turbine 3. On the way from the exhaust manifold to the charge air tube 6, a flap valve 7a can be arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation line 8. In this way, a certain exhaust gas recirculation is achieved even with the exhaust gas valve 12 fully open in areas of high exhaust gas pressure pulsation.

Damit die Verluste in der Gaswechselphase bei Erhöhung des von der Regeleinrichtung 7 erzeugten Auspuffgegendruckes zum Zwecke der Erstellung der gewünschten Abgasrückführrate minimal bleiben, soll bei mehrzylindrigen Maschinen die Anzahl n der vom erhöhten Gegendruck beaufschlagten Zylindern so klein wie möglich gehalten werden. Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen den Fall einer 6-Zylinder-Reihenmaschine mit zweiflutiger Turboaufladung. Nach Fig. 2 wird nur ein Zylinder, und zwar der schwungradseitige Zylinder 14a der regelbaren Drosselwirkung der Regeleinrichtung 7 unterworfen. Trotz des pulsierenden Abgasdruckes stromaufwärts der Regeleinrichtung 7 ist bei dieser Zylinderzahl n = 1 eine für bestimmte NOx-Konzentrationen im Abgas ausreichende Abgasrückführrate einstellbar.In order for the losses in the gas exchange phase to remain minimal when the exhaust back pressure generated by the control device 7 is increased for the purpose of creating the desired exhaust gas recirculation rate, the number n of cylinders acted upon by the increased back pressure should be kept as small as possible. Figures 2 and 3 show the case of a 6-cylinder in-line engine with double-flow turbocharging. According to FIG. 2, only one cylinder, namely the cylinder 14a on the flywheel side, is subjected to the controllable throttling action of the control device 7. Despite the pulsating exhaust gas pressure upstream of the control device 7, an exhaust gas recirculation rate that is sufficient for certain NO x concentrations in the exhaust gas can be set at this number of cylinders n = 1.

Eine Erhöhung der Abgasrückführrate ergibt sich nach Fig. 3 dadurch, daß die Zahl der Zylinder auf n = 2 erhöht wird. Der Regeleinrichtung 7 sind dann die Zylinder 14a und 14b vorgeschaltet.According to FIG. 3, the exhaust gas recirculation rate increases because the number of cylinders is increased to n = 2. The cylinders 14a and 14b are then connected upstream of the control device 7.

Die Regeleinrichtung 7 kann bis stromabwärts des Zylinders 14c ( Fig. 1 ) angeordnet werden und somit alle 3 Zylinder 14a, 14b, 14c einer Abgasflut für die Erzeugung des Abgasgegendruckes und des rückzuführenden Abgasstroms benutzen.The control device 7 can be arranged downstream of the cylinder 14c (FIG. 1) and thus use all three cylinders 14a, 14b, 14c of an exhaust gas flood for the generation of the exhaust gas back pressure and the exhaust gas flow to be recirculated.

Soll nun in einem bestimmten Motorkennfeld Abgas zurückgeführt werden, so kann durch Feinregulierung mittels Stellglied 13a der Durchfluß durch das Abgasventil 12 gegenüber der Drosselstelle 11 so eingestellt werden, daß sich vor der Regeleinrichtung 7 ein definierter Abgasdrück aufbaut, der den Ladeluftdruck im Ladeluftrohr 6 übersteigt. Die Menge des über die Abgasleitung 8 rückgeführten Abgases kann durch die Lage des Abgasventils 12 eingestellt werden.If exhaust gas is now to be recirculated in a specific engine map, the flow through the exhaust valve 12 relative to the throttle point 11 can be adjusted by fine adjustment by means of actuator 13a such that a defined exhaust gas pressure is built up in front of the control device 7, which pressure builds up the charge air pressure in the charge air pipe 6 exceeds. The amount of the exhaust gas recirculated via the exhaust line 8 can be adjusted by the position of the exhaust valve 12.

Ist bei voll geöffnetem Abgasventil 12 der Abgasgegendruck höher als der Ladedruck, regelt das Abgasregelventil 9 die Abgasrückführrate.If the exhaust gas back pressure is higher than the boost pressure when the exhaust gas valve 12 is fully open, the exhaust gas control valve 9 regulates the exhaust gas recirculation rate.

Soll kein Abgas zurückgeführt werden und kein Abgas- bzw. Ladeluftaustausch zwischen Abgaskrümmer und Ladeluftrohr stattfinden, so wird das Abgasregelventil 9 vollständig gesperrt. Somit strömt keine Druckluft vom Ladeluftrohr in den Auspuffkrümmer und keine Nachteile in der Gaswechselschleife sind zu verzeichnen. (Fig. 1 )If no exhaust gas is to be returned and there is no exchange of exhaust gas or charge air between the exhaust manifold and charge air pipe, the exhaust gas control valve 9 is completely blocked. This means that no compressed air flows from the charge air pipe into the exhaust manifold and there are no disadvantages in the gas exchange loop. (Fig. 1)

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Regeleinrichtung 7 ist in den Figuren 4, 5 dargestellt. Nach Fig. 4 ist die Regeleinrichtung 7 seitlich zusammen mit dem Abgaskrümmer 15 mittels Schrauben 16a, 16b an einen Zylinderkopf angeflanscht. Das Gehäuse 17 vereinigt das Abgasventil 12 und die Drosselstelle 11 und bildet mit den Abschnitten 15a, 15b des Abgaskrümmers 15 eine bauliche Einheit. Die Drosselstelle 11 verbindet die Abschnitte 15a, 15b des Abgaskrümmers 15, so daß sich im Abgasraum 19 ein Überdruck ausbilden kann, welcher durch das zur Drosselstelle 11 parallel geschaltete Abgasventil 12 geregelt werden kann. Das Abgasventil 12 wird durch ein Stellglied 13 (Fig. 1 ) geregelt. Zur Kühlung des Abgasventils 12 ist es vorteilhaft, die Ventilführung 20 mit Kühlrippen 21 zu versehen.An embodiment of the control device 7 is shown in Figures 4, 5. 4, the control device 7 is flanged to the side of a cylinder head together with the exhaust manifold 15 by means of screws 16a, 16b. The housing 17 combines the exhaust valve 12 and the throttle point 11 and forms a structural unit with the sections 15a, 15b of the exhaust manifold 15. The throttle point 11 connects the sections 15a, 15b of the exhaust manifold 15, so that an overpressure can form in the exhaust gas space 19, which can be regulated by the exhaust gas valve 12 connected in parallel with the throttle point 11. The exhaust valve 12 is controlled by an actuator 13 (Fig. 1). To cool the exhaust valve 12, it is advantageous to provide the valve guide 20 with cooling fins 21.

Einen Schnitt V -V zeigt Fig. 5. Das Gehäuse 17 ist mittels des Abschnittes 15a an den Zylinderkopf, beispielsweise 14a (Fig. 1 ) angeflanscht. Der Abgasraum 19 ist einerseits über die Drosselstelle 11 und andererseits über das Abgasventil 12 mit dem Abschnitt 15b des Abgaskrümmers 15 (Fig. 4 ) verbunden. Das rückzuführende Abgas gelangt über die an das Gehäuse 17 angeflanschte Abgasrückführleitung 8 in das aus Fig. 1 ersichtliche Luftsammelrohr. 6.A section V -V is shown in FIG. 5. The housing 17 is flanged to the cylinder head, for example 14a (FIG. 1), by means of the section 15a. The exhaust chamber 19 is connected on the one hand via the throttle point 11 and on the other hand via the exhaust valve 12 to the section 15b of the exhaust manifold 15 (FIG. 4). The exhaust gas to be recirculated passes via the exhaust gas recirculation line 8 flanged to the housing 17 into the air collection tube shown in FIG. 1. 6.

Bei Motoren mit einflutiger Turboaufladung (Fig. 1)und bei mechanisch aufgeladenen Motoren ist die Anbringung der Vorrichtung 7 unmittelbar vor Eingang der Abgasturbine bzw. am Ausgang des Abgassammelrohrs möglich. Die Beaufschlagung sämtlicher Zylinder n mit erhöhtem Abgasgegendruck verursacht zwar größere Verluste in der Gaswechselphase bzw. ungünstigere Verhältnisse für die Turboaufladung, bietet jedoch Vorteile im gleichmäßigen und pulsationsarmen Abgasstrom in der Rückführleitung.In the case of engines with single-flow turbocharging (FIG. 1) and in the case of mechanically charged engines, the device 7 is attached directly before the exhaust gas turbine is received or at the outlet of the exhaust manifold. The action of all cylinders n with increased exhaust gas back pressure causes greater losses in the gas exchange phase or less favorable conditions for turbocharging, but offers advantages in the uniform and low-pulsation exhaust gas flow in the return line.

Claims (7)

Abgasrückführung an aufgeladenen Brennkraftmaschinen, bei der Abgas von einem Abgassammelrohr unter Zwischenschaltung einer Regeleinrichtung einem Ladeluftrohr zugeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regeleinrichtung (7) aus einer Drosselstelle (11) und einem dazu parallel geschalteten Abgasventil (12) gebildet wird, daß stromab der Regeleinrichtung (7) eine Abgasrückführleitung (8) mit einem Abgasregelventil (9) angeordnet ist, wobei sowohl das Abgasventil (12) als auch das Abgasregelventil (9) mittels Stelleinrichtungen (13a, 13b) steuerbar sind.Exhaust gas recirculation on supercharged internal combustion engines, in which exhaust gas is fed from an exhaust manifold with the interposition of a control device to a charge air pipe, characterized in that the control device (7) is formed from a throttle point (11) and an exhaust gas valve (12) connected in parallel, that downstream of the Control device (7) an exhaust gas recirculation line (8) is arranged with an exhaust gas control valve (9), both the exhaust gas valve (12) and the exhaust gas control valve (9) being controllable by means of adjusting devices (13a, 13b). Abgasrückführung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei n-zylindrigen Maschinen die Regeleinrichtung (7) einer kleineren Anzahl von Zylindern als n nachgeschaltet ist.Exhaust gas recirculation according to claim 1, characterized in that in n-cylindrical machines the control device (7) is connected downstream of a smaller number of cylinders than n. Abgasrückführung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drosselstelle (11) so dimensioniert ist, daß bei geschlossenem Abgasventil (12) in dem Bereich des Motorkennfeldes, wo das positive Spülgefälle am größten ist, sich eine ausreichende Abgasrückführate einstellt, daß in den ânderen Bereichen des Motorkennfeldes das Abgasventil (12) soweit geöffnet wird, daß sich die jeweils notwendige Abgasrückführate bei jeweils kleinstmöglichem Abgasgegendruck stromaufwärts der Regeleinrichtung (7) einstellt, und daß bei voll geöffnetem Abgasventil (12) in den Bereichen des Motorkennfeldes, wo kein Medienaustausch zwischen Abgas- und Luftsystem stattfinden soll, das Abgasregelventil (9) geschlossen wird.Exhaust gas recirculation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the throttle point (11) is dimensioned such that when the exhaust gas valve (12) is closed, a sufficient exhaust gas recirculation rate is established in the area of the engine map where the positive purge gradient is greatest, in the In other areas of the engine map, the exhaust valve (12) is opened to such an extent that the respectively required exhaust gas recirculation rate is set upstream of the control device (7) with the smallest possible exhaust back pressure, and that with the exhaust valve (12) fully open in the areas of the engine map where there is no media exchange between Exhaust and air system should take place, the exhaust control valve (9) is closed. Abgasrückführung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drosselstelle (11) und das Abgasventil (12) in einem Gehäuse (17) zu einer baulichen Einheit zusammengefaßt sind, daß das Gehäuse (17) zwischen den Rohrabschnitten (15a, 15b) in ein Abgassammelrohr (15) integriert ist, und daß ein Abgasraum (19), welcher zwischen den Abschnitten (15a, 15b) liegt, über eine Abgasrückführleitung und dem Abgasregelventil (9) mit dem Ladeluftrohr verbunden ist.Exhaust gas recirculation according to claim 1, characterized in that the throttle point (11) and the exhaust gas valve (12) are combined in a housing (17) to form a structural unit, that the housing (17) between the pipe sections (15a, 15b) in an exhaust manifold (15) is integrated, and that an exhaust gas space (19), which lies between the sections (15a, 15b), is connected to the charge air pipe via an exhaust gas recirculation line and the exhaust gas control valve (9). Abgasrückführung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Regeleinrichtung (7) bei mehrzylindrigen Brennkraftmaschinen zwischen zwei benachbarten Zylindern (14a, 14b) angeordnet ist, wobei der äußere Zylinder (14a) der Schwungradseite der Brennkraftmaschine zugeordnet ist.Exhaust gas recirculation according to claim 1, characterized in that the control device (7) in multi-cylinder internal combustion engines is arranged between two adjacent cylinders (14a, 14b), the outer cylinder (14a) being assigned to the flywheel side of the internal combustion engine. Abgasrückführung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Abgasrückführleitung (8) ein Abgaskühler (10) angeordnet ist.Exhaust gas recirculation according to claim 1, characterized in that an exhaust gas cooler (10) is arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation line (8). Abgasrückführung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen Abgassammelrohr und Ladeluftrohr (6) in der Abgasrückführleitung (8) ein Flatterventil (7a) angeordnet ist.Exhaust gas recirculation according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a flap valve (7a) is arranged in the exhaust gas recirculation line (8) between the exhaust gas collection pipe and charge air pipe (6).
EP96116740A 1995-11-21 1996-10-18 Exhaust gas recirculation for supercharged internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime EP0775817B1 (en)

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DE19543290A DE19543290C2 (en) 1995-11-21 1995-11-21 Exhaust gas recirculation on supercharged internal combustion engines

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DE19543290A1 (en) 1997-05-22

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