EP0761977B1 - Turbine en matériau composite thermostructural, en particulier à petit diamètre, et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents
Turbine en matériau composite thermostructural, en particulier à petit diamètre, et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0761977B1 EP0761977B1 EP96401835A EP96401835A EP0761977B1 EP 0761977 B1 EP0761977 B1 EP 0761977B1 EP 96401835 A EP96401835 A EP 96401835A EP 96401835 A EP96401835 A EP 96401835A EP 0761977 B1 EP0761977 B1 EP 0761977B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- turbine
- blades
- fiber preform
- preform
- forming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IUHFWCGCSVTMPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[C] Chemical class [C].[C] IUHFWCGCSVTMPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000940835 Pales Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010033546 Pallor Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000011153 ceramic matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/282—Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/04—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/34—Rotor-blade aggregates of unitary construction, e.g. formed of sheet laminae
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
- F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/50—Building or constructing in particular ways
- F05D2230/53—Building or constructing in particular ways by integrally manufacturing a component, e.g. by milling from a billet or one piece construction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/22—Non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/224—Carbon, e.g. graphite
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
- F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
- F05D2300/6033—Ceramic matrix composites [CMC]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
- Y10T29/49318—Repairing or disassembling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
- Y10T29/4932—Turbomachine making
- Y10T29/49321—Assembling individual fluid flow interacting members, e.g., blades, vanes, buckets, on rotary support member
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
- Y10T29/4932—Turbomachine making
- Y10T29/49325—Shaping integrally bladed rotor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to turbines, and more particularly those intended to operate at high temperatures, typically higher at 1000 ° C.
- these turbines are made of metal, generally made up of several elements assembled by welding.
- GB 813 133-A which shows a set of two metal parts, one molded with a flange, a hub, and blades formed integrally with the flange, and the other molded in the form of a flange, the two parts being assembled by screw-nut at their axis.
- the sensitivity of the metal to thermal shock can cause formation of cracks or deformations. This results in imbalances in the rotating mass favoring a reduction in the service life of the turbines and their drive motors.
- significant thermal shock can occur, especially when injected massive cold gas, to quickly lower the temperature inside an oven to reduce the duration of treatment cycles.
- thermostructural composites In order to avoid problems with metals, other materials have already been proposed for making turbines, in particular materials thermostructural composites. These materials generally consist of a fibrous reinforcement texture, or preform, densified by a matrix and are characterized by their mechanical properties which make them suitable for constituting elements by their ability to maintain these properties up to temperatures high.
- thermostructural composite materials are carbon-carbon composites (C-C) consisting of a fiber reinforcement carbon and a carbon matrix, and ceramic matrix composites (CMC) consisting of a carbon fiber or ceramic reinforcement and a matrix ceramic.
- thermostructural composite materials Compared to metals, thermostructural composite materials have the essential advantages of much lower density and high stability at high temperatures. The reduction in mass and the elimination of risk of creep can allow high speeds of rotation and, thereby, very high ventilation rates without requiring oversizing of the drive bodies. In addition, thermostructural composite materials have a very high resistance to thermal shock.
- Thermostructural composite materials therefore have important performance advantages, but their use is limited in because of their fairly high cost. In addition to the materials used, the cost comes from essentially difficulties encountered in making fibrous preforms, especially when the parts to be manufactured have complex shapes, which is the case of turbines, and the duration of the densification cycles.
- an object of the present invention is to propose an architecture turbine particularly suitable for its production in composite material thermostructural in order to benefit from the advantages of this material but at a cost manufacturing as reduced as possible.
- the turbine is for its essential part formed of only two pieces, which simplifies assembly, and each piece is made from a fibrous preform having a simple shape.
- the second piece since it simply forms a flange, so that the second fibrous preform can be constituted by a plate.
- the first piece it is produced by machining from a first preform constituted by a plate.
- the first fibrous preform is machined in the consolidated state, partially densified, and densification by the matrix is continued after machining.
- small turbine diameter here we mean a turbine whose diameter of the outer ring does not not exceed about 500 mm.
- the turbine is assembled only by mutual tightening of the first room and the second room at their central parts. It was found that this single tightening ensures the assembly of the turbine in all configurations of operation, thanks to the rigidity of the composite material. This is all the more true that the diameter of the turbine is smaller. So there is no need to do use of screw type clamping elements penetrating the two parts. It's about an important advantage because, otherwise, the screws used should have been made of material composite, to withstand high temperatures and have a coefficient of expansion thermal compatible with that of the assembled parts, which would have increased the cost significantly.
- the fibrous preforms are made using techniques known per se. So the first fiber preform, as well as the second, can be made from a flat stack of strata with a fibrous texture two-dimensional and bonding of the strata together by needling.
- the first fibrous preform can be produced from a winding of a two-dimensional fibrous texture strip in superimposed layers and bonding of layers together by needling.
- the invention relates to a turbine which has a first and a second part, each made in one monobloc part, the first part forming a first flange and blades which delimit circulation passages between an inner ring and a outer crown, while the second piece forms a second flange applied against the blades of the first part, the first and the second part each being made of thermostructural composite material.
- Figure 1 illustrates in section a turbine 10 comprising two parts monoblocks 20, 30 of thermostructural composite material assembled by clamping mutual on a shaft 12.
- the material of the parts 20 and 30 is for example a carbon-carbon composite material (C-C) or a composite material with ceramic matrix such as a C-SiC composite material (fiber reinforcement carbon and silicon carbide matrix).
- the part 20 ( Figures 1 to 3) comprises a plurality of blades 22 which are located on an internal face 24 a of an annular flange 24 in the form of a disc.
- the blades 22 extend between the outer circumference and the inner circumference of the flange 24, substantially perpendicular thereto.
- the heels 22 has blades 22 are connected to a central part forming a hub 26 whose internal diameter is substantially less than that of the flange 24.
- the hub 26 also has a thickness less than the length of the blades 22, and is spaced from the flange 24, along the axis A of the turbine, so that the external face 24 b of the flange, on the one hand, and the external face 26 b of the hub with the longitudinal edges 22 b of the blades 22, on the other hand, form the opposite faces of the part 20.
- the part 30 constitutes an annular flange in the form of a disc, the outer diameter is equal to that of the flange 24 and whose inner diameter is equal to that of hub 26.
- the part 30 is applied against the external face 26 b of the hub 26 and against the longitudinal edges 22 b of the blades 22.
- the mutual tightening of the parts 20 and 30 is carried out by blocking between a shoulder 12 a of the shaft 12 and a ring 14, by means of a nut 15.
- the suction by the turbine is carried out from the space 16 which is located between the flange 24 and the hub 26, and is surrounded by the inner ring 17 of the turbine at the feet of the blades 22.
- the suction fluid is ejected through the outer ring 19 of the turbine at the blade ends 22, after circulation through the passages 18 delimited by the blades 22 and the flanges 24 and 30.
- thermostructural composite material means that the only clamping force at the central parts of parts 20 and 30 is sufficient to maintain assemblies, including during turbine operation, no detachment not observed. As already indicated, this is all the more true since the present invention applies preferably to small turbines diameter, that is to say an outside diameter not exceeding about 500 mm.
- the surfaces of the hub 26 and of the flange 30 on which the shoulder 12 a and the ring 14 are supported have a frustoconical shape, as do the corresponding faces of the shoulder 12 a and of the ring 14.
- These frustoconical bearing faces have substantially coincident vertices located on the axis A of the turbine. In this way, thermal expansion differences between, on the one hand, the parts 20 and 30 and, on the other hand, the shaft 12 and the ring 14, will result in a slip, without destructive effect.
- the part 20 is made from a structure fibrous plaque-shaped 200 (phase 41).
- a structure is manufactured by example by flat stacking of layers of two-dimensional fibrous texture, such as sheet of wires or cables, fabric, ..., and connection of the strata together by needling.
- a method of manufacturing such fibrous structures is described in document FR-A-2 584 106.
- a first preform 201 of annular shape is cut in the plate 200, the dimensions of the preform 201 being chosen as a function of those of the part 20 to be produced (phase 42).
- the preform 201 is subjected to a first densification step by the matrix of the thermostructural composite material to be produced (phase 43). Densification is made so as to consolidate the preform, that is to say to link between them the fibers of the preform sufficiently to allow handling and the machining of the consolidated preform. Densification is carried out in a known manner per se by chemical vapor infiltration, or by liquid, that is to say impregnation with a precursor of the matrix in the liquid state and transformation of the precursor.
- the consolidated preform is subjected to a first machining phase at during which the blades are formed from one face of the preform (phase 44), then to a second machining phase during which it is hollowed out in its center from the opposite side, so as to form the suction zone in leaving the hub part (phase 45).
- the consolidated and machined preform 202 is then subjected to one or more several densification cycles until the desired degree of densification is obtained by the matrix (phase 46).
- phase 47 The preform thus finally densified is subjected to a final machining to bring it to the precise dimensions of part 20 (phase 47).
- the preform of the part 20 is made from a cylindrical fibrous structure 200 'produced by winding a strip of two-dimensional fibrous texture in layers superimposed on a mandrel and bonding of the layers together by needling (phase 51).
- a method for manufacturing fibrous structures of this type is described in the document FR-A-2 584 107.
- Preforms 201 'of annular shape are cut in the cylindrical structure 200 ′ along radial planes (phase 52).
- Each preform 201 ′ is then treated in the same way as the preform 201 of FIG. 4.
- the part 30 is made from a fibrous structure in the form of a plate 300.
- This structure is for example manufactured by flat stacking of layers of two-dimensional fibrous texture and connection of the strata together by needling (phase 61).
- a preform 301 of annular shape is cut from the plate 300, the dimensions of the preform being chosen as a function of those of the part 30 to perform (phase 62).
- the preform 301 is densified by the matrix, the densification being performed by chemical vapor or liquid infiltration (phase 63).
- the densified preform is subjected to final machining in order to be brought at the dimensions of part 30 (phase 64).
- the turbine 110 of FIG. 7 is formed essentially of two parts 120, 130 of thermostructural composite material. It is distinguished from the turbine of Figure 1 in that in the part 120, the blades 122 have a decreasing height between the inner ring 117 and the outer ring 119 of the turbine. This decreasing height compensates for the fact that the width of the passages 118 bordered by the blades 122 crosses between the inner ring and the outer ring, so that the inlet and outlet sections of the passages 118 are substantially equal.
- the 130 applied against the flange part 120 has then a disk-shaped in its central part 130 has applied against the hub 126 and a frustoconical shape in its circumferential portion applied against the blades 122.
- the flange 130 it is possible to start from a preform disc-shaped annular fibrous which is formed into the desired shape by means of of a tool, and consolidated by partial densification while being maintained in the tools. After consolidation, the preform can be removed from the tooling in order to continue densification.
- the present invention applies more particularly turbines with relatively small diameters.
- the flow of the turbine can be increased or decreased, for a given diameter, by increasing or reducing the height of the passages, that is to say the thickness of the turbine.
- the loss of material during the machining of the blades being all the greater as their height is higher, it is preferable for cost reasons to limit the thickness of the turbine, for example by not exceeding about 100 mm.
- a solution to increase the flow then consists in coupling two 10 ', 10 "turbines on the same axis as illustrated in Figure 8.
- Each turbine 10 ', 10 “includes two one-piece pieces of thermostructural composite material, a first part 20 ', 20 “forming blades 22', 22", flange 24 ', 24 “and hub 26', 26 “, and a second part 30 ', 30" forming a flange.
- the turbine 10 ′ is similar to the turbine 10 in FIG. 1, while the 10 "turbine is distinguished by the arrangement of the blades. Indeed, the arrangement of the blades 22 "on the part 20" is symmetrical with respect to a radial plane of the arrangement of blades 22 'on part 20'. In this way, when the turbines 10 ', 10 " are joined by mutual contact between the external faces of the flanges 24 ', 24 ", the blades 22 ', 22 "define circulation passages oriented in the same way around the axis common to the turbines.
- the parts 20 ', 30', 30 "and 20" are assembled by mutual tightening on a common shaft 12 'between a shoulder 12' a and a ring 14 ', by means of a nut 15'.
- the surfaces of the hubs 26 'and 26 "on which the shoulder 12' a and the ring 14 'rest have a frustoconical shape, as do the corresponding faces of the shoulder 12' a and of the ring 14 '.
- An additional ring 14 "of triangular section is interposed between the flanges 30 'and 30", the surfaces of these bearing on the ring 14 "having a frustoconical shape.
- the frustoconical bearing surfaces of the flange 30 'on the ring 14 "and of the hub 26' on the shoulder 12 ' a have substantially coincident vertices situated on the axis of the turbines, as do the bearing surfaces of the flange 30 "on the ring 14" and the hub 26 "on the ring 14 '. In this way, dimensional variations of thermal origin between the parts of the turbines, on the one hand, and the shaft and the clamping rings, on the other hand, can be compensated for by sliding parallel to the frustoconical bearing surfaces, in the same way as with the turbine 10 in FIG. 1.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Description
- fabriquer une première préforme fibreuse sous forme de plaque ayant des dimensions externes choisies en fonction de celles de la première pièce à réaliser,
- densifier la première préforme fibreuse par une matrice de façon au moins partielle, de sorte que la préforme soit au moins consolidée, et
- usiner la première préforme fibreuse au moins partiellement densifiée pour lui donner la forme de la première pièce ;
- la figure 1 est une vue en coupe montrant une turbine conforme à l'invention montée sur un arbre ;
- la figure 2 est une vue en perspective montrant une première pièce constitutive de la turbine de la figure 1 ;
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe partielle selon les plans III-III de la figure 2 ;
- la figure 4 montre des étapes successives d'élaboration d'une première pièce constitutive de la turbine de la figure 1 ;
- la figure 5 montre des étapes successives relatives à une variante de fabrication de préforme pour l'élaboration d'une première pièce constitutive de la turbine de la figure 1 ;
- la figure 6 montre des étapes successives d'élaboration d'une deuxième pièce constitutive de la turbine de la figure 1 ;
- la figure 7 est une vue en coupe montrant une variante de réalisation d'une turbine selon l'invention ; et
- la figure 8 est une vue en coupe montrant une autre variante de réalisation d'une turbine selon l'invention.
Claims (16)
- Procédé de fabrication d'une turbine comprenant une pluralité de pales disposées entre deux flasques, les pales et les flasques étant en matériau composite thermostructural, selon lequel :(a) on réalise une première pièce en une seule partie monobloc en matériau composite thermostructural formant un premier flasque et les pales en mettant en oeuvre les étapes consistant à :fabriquer une première préforme fibreuse sous forme de plaque ayant des dimensions externes choisies en fonction de celles de la première pièce à réaliser,densifier la première préforme fibreuse par une matrice de façon au moins partielle, de sorte que la préforme soit au moins consolidée, etusiner la première préforme fibreuse au moins partiellement densifiée pour lui donner la forme de la première pièce ;(b) on réalise une deuxième pièce formant le deuxième flasque en une seule partie monobloc en matériau composite thermostructural par fabrication d'une deuxième préforme fibreuse, densification de celle-ci par une matrice, et usinage pour former le deuxième flasque, et(c) on assemble la turbine en appliquant la deuxième pièce contre les pales de la première pièce.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première préforme fibreuse est usinée à l'état consolidé, partiellement densifié, et la densification par la matrice est poursuivie après usinage.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que l'usinage de la première préforme fibreuse en forme de plaque au moins partiellement densifiée comprend la réalisation des pales par usinage à partir d'une face de la plaque, et la réalisation d'une zone d'aspiration par évidage d'une partie centrale de la plaque, à partir de la face opposée, en laissant subsister un moyeu central.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la première préforme fibreuse est réalisée à partir d'un empilement à plat de strates d'une texture fibreuse bidimensionnelle et liaison des strates entre elles par aiguilletage.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la première préforme fibreuse est réalisée à partir d'un enroulement d'une bande de texture fibreuse bidimensionnelle en couches superposées et liaison des couches entre elles par aiguilletage.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième préforme fibreuse est réalisée à partir d'un empilement à plat de strates d'une texture fibreuse bidimensionnelle et liaison des strates entre elles par aiguilletage.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la turbine est assemblée uniquement par serrage mutuel de la première pièce et de la deuxième pièce au niveau de leurs parties centrales.
- Turbine comportant une première et une deuxième pièce, chacune réalisée en une seule partie monobloc, la première pièce (20) formant un premier flasque (24) et des pales (22) qui délimitent des passages de circulation entre une couronne intérieure (17) et une couronne extérieure (19), tandis que la deuxième pièce forme un deuxième flasque (30) appliqué contre les pales (22) de la première pièce,
caractérisée en ce que la première et la deuxième pièce sont réalisées en matériau composite thermostructural. - Turbine selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que la première pièce (20) et la deuxième pièce (30) sont assemblées uniquement par serrage mutuel au niveau de leurs parties centrales.
- Turbine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 et 9, caractérisée en ce que, dans la première pièce, les pales (22) s'étendent entre la circonférence extérieure et la circonférence intérieure et d'un côté d'une partie annulaire en forme de disque formant le premier flasque (24), et sont raccordées au niveau de leurs pieds à une partie centrale formant moyeu (26).
- Turbine selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que la partie centrale formant moyeu (26) a une épaisseur inférieure à la largeur des pales (22).
- Turbine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 et 11, caractérisée en ce que, dans la première pièce, la partie formant flasque annulaire (24) et la partie formant moyeu (26) sont sur deux faces opposées de la pièce.
- Turbine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisée en ce que, dans la première pièce, la partie centrale formant moyeu (26) a un diamètre intérieur inférieur à celui de la partie annulaire formant flasque (24).
- Turbine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 13, caractérisée en ce que la première et la deuxième pièce (20, 30) sont assemblées par serrage mutuel exercé contre des surfaces d'appui appartenant respectivement à la première et à la deuxième pièce, au niveau de leurs parties centrales, lesdites surfaces d'appui ayant une forme tronconique avec des sommets sensiblement confondus et situés sur l'axe de la turbine.
- Turbine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 14, caractérisée en ce que les pales (22) ont une hauteur décroissante entre la couronne intérieure et la couronne extérieure de manière à délimiter des passages ayant des sections de sorties sensiblement égales aux sections d'entrée.
- Turbine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 15, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend plusieurs ensembles coaxiaux comprenant chacune une première pièce (20', 20") et une deuxième pièce (30', 30") assemblés uniquement par serrage mutuel au niveau de leurs parties centrales.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9510205A FR2738303B1 (fr) | 1995-08-30 | 1995-08-30 | Turbine en materiau composite thermostructural, en particulier a petit diametre, et procede pour sa fabrication |
FR9510205 | 1995-08-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0761977A1 EP0761977A1 (fr) | 1997-03-12 |
EP0761977B1 true EP0761977B1 (fr) | 2001-01-17 |
Family
ID=9482159
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96401835A Expired - Lifetime EP0761977B1 (fr) | 1995-08-30 | 1996-08-28 | Turbine en matériau composite thermostructural, en particulier à petit diamètre, et procédé pour sa fabrication |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5775878A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0761977B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3484299B2 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69611582T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2155178T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2738303B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2141564C1 (fr) |
UA (1) | UA28036C2 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103008990B (zh) * | 2012-12-10 | 2015-06-03 | 成都锦江电子系统工程有限公司 | 一种微型多维精密切削加工方法 |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI101565B1 (fi) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-07-15 | Flaekt Oy | Haihdutinpuhallin ja sen siipipyörä |
FI101564B1 (fi) | 1997-01-17 | 1998-07-15 | Flaekt Oy | Korkeapainepuhallin |
DE19708825C2 (de) * | 1997-03-05 | 2001-11-15 | Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt | Vorrichtung zum Fördern eines Mediums |
US6511294B1 (en) | 1999-09-23 | 2003-01-28 | General Electric Company | Reduced-stress compressor blisk flowpath |
US6261056B1 (en) | 1999-09-23 | 2001-07-17 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Ceramic turbine nozzle including a radially splined mounting surface |
US6270310B1 (en) | 1999-09-29 | 2001-08-07 | Ford Global Tech., Inc. | Fuel pump assembly |
US6524070B1 (en) | 2000-08-21 | 2003-02-25 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for reducing rotor assembly circumferential rim stress |
DE10042700C2 (de) * | 2000-08-31 | 2002-10-17 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Verfahren zur plastischen Verformung einer Nabenbohrung eines schnelllaufenden Turbomaschinenteils |
US6471474B1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2002-10-29 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for reducing rotor assembly circumferential rim stress |
US6663343B1 (en) | 2002-06-27 | 2003-12-16 | Sea Solar Power Inc | Impeller mounting system and method |
DE10233199A1 (de) * | 2002-07-22 | 2004-02-05 | Dürr Systems GmbH | Turbinenmotor eines Rotationszerstäubers |
JP4504860B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-05 | 2010-07-14 | 株式会社丸山製作所 | 遠心送風機用の羽根車 |
US20070096589A1 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-03 | York Michael T | Electric machine rotor fan and pole retention feature |
US7687952B2 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2010-03-30 | Remy Technologies, L.L.C. | Brushless alternator with stationary shaft |
CN100374686C (zh) * | 2006-08-14 | 2008-03-12 | 吴法森 | 聚能脉冲式蒸汽轮机 |
JP4432989B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-16 | 2010-03-17 | ソニー株式会社 | 遠心羽根車、ファン装置及び電子機器 |
IT1394295B1 (it) * | 2009-05-08 | 2012-06-06 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | Girante centrifuga del tipo chiuso per turbomacchine, componente per tale girante, turbomacchina provvista di tale girante e metodo di realizzazione di tale girante |
IT1397057B1 (it) | 2009-11-23 | 2012-12-28 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | Girante centrifuga e turbomacchina |
IT1397058B1 (it) | 2009-11-23 | 2012-12-28 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | Stampo per girante centrifuga, inserti per stampo e metodo per costruire una girante centrifuga |
DE102010011486A1 (de) * | 2010-03-16 | 2011-09-22 | Bosch Mahle Turbo Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Rotor für eine Ladeeinrichtung |
TWM398514U (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2011-02-21 | Chun-Chieh Chen | A sort of transmission |
ITCO20110064A1 (it) | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-15 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | Macchina rotante comprendente un rotore con una girante composita ed un albero metallico |
ITCO20130067A1 (it) | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-18 | Nuovo Pignone Srl | Girante con elementi di protezione e compressore centrifugo |
WO2015122799A1 (fr) * | 2014-02-11 | 2015-08-20 | Михаил Валерьевич КОШЕЧКИН | Installation à turbine à gaz |
JP5884844B2 (ja) * | 2014-02-21 | 2016-03-15 | 株式会社ノーリツ | 給湯装置 |
US9933185B2 (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2018-04-03 | Noritz Corporation | Fan and water heater provided with the same, and impeller and water heater provided with the same |
US11643948B2 (en) * | 2019-02-08 | 2023-05-09 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Internal cooling circuits for CMC and method of manufacture |
CN111975290B (zh) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-02-25 | 哈尔滨电气动力装备有限公司 | 核电主泵叶轮安装工艺 |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB813133A (en) * | 1956-08-09 | 1959-05-06 | Ralph Edgar Smart | Improvements in and relating to pump impellers |
GB553747A (en) * | 1940-12-17 | 1943-06-03 | Johann Fullemann | Improvements in and relating to impellers for blowers |
FR1143291A (fr) * | 1954-12-24 | 1957-09-27 | Thomson Houston Comp Francaise | Montage d'une roue à aubes |
US3285187A (en) * | 1965-11-05 | 1966-11-15 | Msl Ind Inc | Impeller for use in centrifugal pump or blower and a method of manufacture thereof |
US3730641A (en) * | 1972-03-10 | 1973-05-01 | Flint & Walling Inc | Centrifugal pumps |
US3905723A (en) * | 1972-10-27 | 1975-09-16 | Norton Co | Composite ceramic turbine rotor |
US3845903A (en) * | 1973-08-15 | 1974-11-05 | Dunham Bush Inc | One piece radial vane diffuser and method of manufacturing the same |
JPS5679602U (fr) * | 1979-11-22 | 1981-06-27 | ||
US4355954A (en) * | 1980-07-18 | 1982-10-26 | The Maytag Company | Pump impeller |
US4465434A (en) * | 1982-04-29 | 1984-08-14 | Williams International Corporation | Composite turbine wheel |
JPS59196901A (ja) * | 1983-04-25 | 1984-11-08 | Ebara Corp | セラミツク製密閉形羽根車 |
FR2584106B1 (fr) * | 1985-06-27 | 1988-05-13 | Europ Propulsion | Procede de fabrication de structures tridimensionnelles par aiguilletage de couches planes de materiau fibreux superposees et materiau fibreux utilise pour la mise en oeuvre du procede |
FR2584107B1 (fr) * | 1985-06-27 | 1988-07-01 | Europ Propulsion | Procede de fabrication de structures de revolution tridimensionnelles par aiguilletage de couches de materiau fibreux et materiau utilise pour la mise en oeuvre du procede |
US4862763A (en) * | 1984-01-09 | 1989-09-05 | Ltv Aerospace & Defense Company | Method and apparatus for manufacturing high speed rotors |
US4634344A (en) * | 1984-08-03 | 1987-01-06 | A. R. Wilfley And Sons, Inc. | Multi-element centrifugal pump impellers with protective covering against corrosion and/or abrasion |
JPS61109608A (ja) * | 1984-11-01 | 1986-05-28 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 羽根車の加工方法 |
DE4022467C3 (de) * | 1990-07-14 | 1995-08-31 | Vdo Schindling | Förderaggregat, insbesondere zur Förderung von Kraftstoff |
JPH05865A (ja) * | 1991-03-15 | 1993-01-08 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | タービン部品およびその製造方法 |
FR2703111B1 (fr) * | 1993-03-25 | 1995-06-30 | Ozen Sa | Rotor pour pompe comportant deux pieces assemblees par soudure, obtenues par moulage par injection de materiaux thermoplastiques, et procede de fabrication d'un tel rotor . |
US5348442A (en) * | 1993-08-18 | 1994-09-20 | General Motors Corporation | Turbine pump |
JPH07223875A (ja) * | 1994-02-14 | 1995-08-22 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 繊維強化セラミックス複合材の製造方法 |
US5531633A (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 1996-07-02 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Method of machining a metal workpiece |
-
1995
- 1995-08-30 FR FR9510205A patent/FR2738303B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-08-13 US US08/689,735 patent/US5775878A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-08-28 EP EP96401835A patent/EP0761977B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-28 ES ES96401835T patent/ES2155178T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-28 DE DE69611582T patent/DE69611582T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-08-29 RU RU96117115/06A patent/RU2141564C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-08-29 UA UA96083395A patent/UA28036C2/uk unknown
- 1996-08-30 JP JP22987596A patent/JP3484299B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-04-14 US US09/059,935 patent/US6029347A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103008990B (zh) * | 2012-12-10 | 2015-06-03 | 成都锦江电子系统工程有限公司 | 一种微型多维精密切削加工方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0761977A1 (fr) | 1997-03-12 |
FR2738303A1 (fr) | 1997-03-07 |
JP3484299B2 (ja) | 2004-01-06 |
JPH09125901A (ja) | 1997-05-13 |
DE69611582D1 (de) | 2001-02-22 |
RU2141564C1 (ru) | 1999-11-20 |
US5775878A (en) | 1998-07-07 |
UA28036C2 (uk) | 2000-10-16 |
ES2155178T3 (es) | 2001-05-01 |
FR2738303B1 (fr) | 1997-11-28 |
US6029347A (en) | 2000-02-29 |
DE69611582T2 (de) | 2001-08-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0761977B1 (fr) | Turbine en matériau composite thermostructural, en particulier à petit diamètre, et procédé pour sa fabrication | |
EP0761978B1 (fr) | Turbine en matériau composite thermostructural, en particulier à grand diamètre, et procédé pour sa fabrication | |
EP2077183B1 (fr) | Bride en composite avec partie d'usinage | |
EP3298246B1 (fr) | Ensemble d'anneau de turbine permettant une dilatation thermique différentielle | |
EP2349688B1 (fr) | Aube de turbomachine en materiau composite et procede pour sa fabrication | |
EP2245204B1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication de pieces avec insert en materiau composite a matrice metallique | |
FR2707902A1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication de composants de réacteur renforcés de fibres. | |
EP0657554B1 (fr) | Procédé d'obtention d'une pièce circulaire métallique renforcée par des fibres | |
EP1408237A1 (fr) | Pompe turbomoléculaire | |
FR2936178A1 (fr) | Assemblage de pieces en titane et en acier par soudage diffusion | |
EP2961590B1 (fr) | Moule d'injection pour la fabrication d'une piece de revolution en materiau composite ayant des brides externes, et notamment d'un carter de turbine a gaz | |
EP3927529B1 (fr) | Reparation ou reprise de fabrication d'une piece en materiau composite a renfort fibreux tisse tridimensionnel | |
FR2951400A1 (fr) | Piece structurale en materiau composite renforcee localement et procede de realisation d'une telle piece | |
FR2688445A1 (fr) | Forme de depart ou ebauche pour la fabrication de revetements ou de pieces metalliques renforces par des fibres, et procede pour sa fabrication. | |
FR2524546A1 (fr) | Rotor de turbomachine | |
FR2970266A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication d'une piece metallique annulaire monobloc a insert de renfort en materiau composite, et piece obtenue | |
EP3331657B1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication d'une piece en materiau composite | |
FR3126914A1 (fr) | Aube en matériau composite comportant un renfort métallique et procédé de fabrication d’une telle aube | |
FR2975317A1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication par soudage diffusion d'une piece monobloc pour une turbomachine | |
FR2952943A1 (fr) | Rouleau composite de ligne de recuit | |
EP0993939B1 (fr) | Procédé d'obtention de pièces métalliques minces, légères et rigides | |
EP4076794B1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication d'une roue aubagée de turbomachine composite à renfort céramique | |
FR3033279A1 (fr) | Outillage de support et de moulage et procede de realisation de pieces de revolution en materiau composite | |
EP2483431B1 (fr) | Rouleau de ligne de recuit haute temperature | |
WO2014170586A1 (fr) | Outillage de maintien, chargement et installation pour la densification de préformes poreuses de révolution |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19970505 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: SOCIETE NATIONALE D'ETUDE ET DE CONSTRUCTION DE MO |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19990510 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB IT |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69611582 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20010222 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 20010330 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2155178 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: TP Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CD |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20040719 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20040723 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20040728 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20040809 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050828 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050828 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050829 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060301 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20050828 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20060428 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20060428 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20050829 |