EP0751262B1 - Wall element for rising structures and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The reinforcement (7,8) which is embedded before the casting material set protrudes over the lower end face and upper end face of the wall element to form a reinforced connection. The load-absorbing edge strips of the upper end face are flat. Length-adjustable levelling members (15) such as threaded rods and screw sleeves for the wall element are embedded spaced out from each other in the lower end face. At least the upper end face has additionally two spaced anchorage members for fixing lifting tools. Empty tubes (11) for electric cables can be embedded in the wall element to protrude over the relevant end faces of the wall element.

Description

The invention relates to a for the construction of buildings certain, storey-high, prefabricated wall element a pourable building material with embedded Reinforcement over the lower face and the upper end face of the wall element as connection reinforcement survives, the load-bearing edge strips of top face are flat. The invention relates furthermore to a method for producing such Wall element and a method of erection of high-rise buildings using wall elements according to the Invention and an adjusting device for setting this Wall elements.

Prefabricated wall elements were previously only in the frame So-called slab construction on a larger scale for erection used by buildings. The disadvantages of this design are generally known and have a not insignificant The reason for this is that the prefabricated Wall elements essentially only against each other and on floors were placed on top of each other without any the elements correspond to the structural requirements, frictional connection was created. This construction method has therefore largely been abandoned.

Prefabricated wall elements could be used especially for the Erection of interior walls can be used because of this as is well known, need not have breathability. This would bring considerable rationalization advantages especially if the opportunity is used, not only breakthroughs, especially for doors, but also the entire electrical and possibly the sanitary installation to be included in the prefabrication of the respective wall element. The possibilities of CAD / CAM technology could be used for this used and, accordingly, subsequent changes to plans be considered at short notice and without errors, this is particularly the case if the plans are directly related to the Inner wall of the formwork are projected to be used for the manufacture of the wall element is required anyway. One more further automation of the prefabrication could be through the use of computer-controlled industrial robots for inserting the reinforcement and any installation parts as well as attaching placeholders for openings and the like.

DE-A-32 28 342 is a prefabricated wall element with the introduction and in the preamble of claim 1 specified features known. This wall element is the Thought of the prefabricated house construction, therefore preferably Masonry walls with all installations and internals prefabricated like window frames and door frames and to put each other on and next to each other, with horizontal free spaces left in the joint, which the Installation and start the installation connections, before that, initially only made of thin prefabricated concrete slabs existing ceiling with in-situ concrete brought to its final dimensions becomes. The wall elements of successive floors stand thereby directly over each other via narrow edge webs on. That is during the move and connect up to Time of hardening of the in-situ concrete is problematic in terms of construction. In addition, there are leveling errors, which are can also add from storey to storey, do not compensate to let.

The aim of the invention is therefore to meet the requirements of Appropriate structural prefabricated wall element as well a method for its production and a method for Erection of buildings from such wall elements create as well as an implementation of the latter Procedure enabling adjustment device to specify the it allows the wall element before its permanent connection with the subsequent parts of the building correctly align.

According to the invention, a prefabricated wall element is the introductory part specified genus proposed, in which in the lower end face spaced apart, adjustable in length Leveling means for the wall element are embedded. The wall element produced in this way is on the one hand in the area all visible surfaces are flat and have clean, straight edges, while on the other hand it is by means of the protruding reinforcement downwards and upwards in a structurally perfect manner to adjacent, similar wall elements or to others prefabricated parts of the building or made of in-situ concrete can be connected. In particular, the wall element offers also a clean, practically seamless transition to the floor ceiling without extensive rework. The wall element also does not need to be plastered, as with conventionally manufactured walls irregularities and Compensate for inaccuracies and / or slots and openings to cover for installations.

The leveling means in particular ensure that between the lower end face of the wall element and its footprint a sufficiently large gap remains that not only the connection of the protruding movement to that of the subordinate component relieved, but also enough space for pouring out this connection area e.g. using in-situ concrete, which is particularly the Ceiling concrete can act.

To simplify the handling of the wall element, which in usually removed from the formwork using a crane and is placed at the installation location, at least the upper one End face with the protruding connection reinforcement independent, spaced-apart anchor means for Attachment of lifting equipment.

For horizontally non-positive connection laterally adjacent Wall elements can be in the side area End face exactly opposite after installation Fillets should be present, which after setting the wall elements are poured with concrete.

To simplify installation, the installation parts such as empty pipes in particular over the respective end faces survive the wall element.

The length-adjustable leveling means can be advantageous from threaded rods and the latter over part of their length receiving screw sleeves, either the threaded rods or the corresponding screw sleeves to transmit power in the lower end face of the wall element are embedded.

The invention further relates to a method for the construction of high-rise buildings using wall elements of the type proposed here. that the respective wall element in its installation orientation brought on each of its two large areas with at least one device for vertical adjustment provided and over the upper end face of the wall element of the floor below and positioned in the Gap between two themselves on this upper end face supporting ceiling elements of this lower floor lowered until the leveling agent is on this top face stand up so that the wall element positioned with With the help of the leveling device in the horizontal and with the help the adjustment device is aligned vertically, that then the remaining gap between the lower face of the positioned wall element and the end face the underlying wall element filled with in-situ concrete and if necessary is shaken, and that after curing the adjustment device is removed.

As an adjustment device advantageous within the scope of the invention two are suitable for setting the wall element L-shaped angles that, with their long legs vertically aligned, on opposite large areas of the Wall element preferably against at least one small smile Support area and at the respective free end their short legs each have an adjustable foot. The support over small areas of the concerned Large areas of the wall element have the advantage, in the worst case resulting superficial damage to the Large areas of the wall element on the areas concerned to restrict.

The handling of the adjustment device is simplified if the long legs of the L-shaped angles on both sides of the Wall element over the upper edge and / or the lower edge are interconnected. At least one of the connections can be detachable.

The height-adjustable feet at the respective free ends the short leg of the adjustment device can in particular one threaded rod each in a threaded bushing, which ends in a conical support leg. After applying the in-situ concrete and curing it, in other words when the adjustment devices are removed can then only remain conical depressions back that only filled up with filler or the like will need before the screed is applied.

Fig. 1

eine geöffnete Stahlschalung zur Vorfertigung eines Wandelementes

Fig. 2

die geschlossene Stahlschalung während des Einfüllens des Baustoffes

Fig. 2a

einen Teilschnitt durch die Stahlschalung entsprechend der Linie IIa-IIa in Fig. 2

Fig. 3

eine Einzelheit der Stahlschalung zur Veranschaulichung deren Abdichtung

Fig. 4

das Wandelement nach dem Entformen

Fig. 5

einen Schnitt durch das Wandelement entsprechend der Linie V-V in Fig. 4

Fig. 6

das zum Zwischenlagern oder zum Einbau vorbereitete Wandelement

Fig. 7

einen Schnitt zur Veranschaulichung der Einbausituation des Wandelementes

Fig. 8

eine perspektivische Darstellung dieser Einbausituation

Fig. 9

das eingebaute Wandelement während des Einbringens des Ortbetons

Fig. 10

das eingebaute Wandelement nach Fertigstellung der Geschoßdecke einschließlich des Estrichs und

Fig. 11

eine vereinfachte Aufsicht auf seitlich aneinander anschließende derartige Wandelemente

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, which, however, is to be understood as simplified, schematic and only by way of example. Show it:

Fig. 1

an open steel formwork for prefabrication of a wall element

Fig. 2

the closed steel formwork while filling the building material

Fig. 2a

a partial section through the steel formwork along the line IIa-IIa in Fig. 2nd

Fig. 3

a detail of the steel formwork to illustrate its sealing

Fig. 4

the wall element after demolding

Fig. 5

a section through the wall element along the line VV in Fig. 4th

Fig. 6

the wall element prepared for temporary storage or installation

Fig. 7

a section to illustrate the installation situation of the wall element

Fig. 8

a perspective view of this installation situation

Fig. 9

the built-in wall element during the pouring of the in-situ concrete

Fig. 10

the built-in wall element after completion of the floor including the screed and

Fig. 11

a simplified view of such wall elements adjoining one another laterally

Figure 1 shows an open steel formwork with the formwork walls 1 and 2, a side end wall 3 with attached profile strip 3a to form a Fillet in the side face of the later wall element, as well as with a bottom 4 explained later. In this example, a projector 5 projects a plan of the Wall element on the inside of the rear formwork wall 1. Reinforcement meshes are already inserted in the formwork 7 and 8, a continuous sleeve 9, and electrical installation boxes 10 with empty pipes 11. From the upper empty pipe 11 carries an electrical symbolized by two conductors Cable 12, the function of which will be explained becomes. The usual spacers, etc. are of simplicity not shown for the sake of it. The installation pipes 11 and other inserts, not shown, including any Thermal insulation panels or placeholders for door openings, installation shafts and the like are known in the reinforcements 7 and / or 8 set sufficiently.

Figure 2 shows schematically the closed steel formwork immediately before the end of the pouring of the concrete 13. The left side wall of the steel formwork is omitted.

Figure 2a shows an advantageous way of fixing the installation box 10 by means of an electromagnet 14, which is fed to the formwork wall 2 via the cable 12 adheres immovably and thus fixes the can 10. The Supply voltage is switched off before the formwork is opened. After removing the formwork wall 2, the electromagnet 14 together with cable 12 removed for reuse.

FIG. 3 illustrates the formation of the floor area, if necessary, also the two side walls of the steel formwork in the Way that part of the reinforcement 7, 8 as connecting reinforcement survives over the finished wall element. Serve in detail for this purpose, a central square tube 41, on the side U-profiles 42, 43 connect, which have similar U-profiles 44, 45 face each other. The leg length of the U-profiles 44 and 45 corresponds to the standardized spacing of the reinforcement mats 7, 8 from the respective outer wall surfaces. Each of the U profiles 42 to 45, which corresponds to a gap between them in pairs the thickness of the reinforcing bars, encloses a permanently elastic plastic sealing profile 46. The in the transverse direction measured thickness of the sealing profiles 46 is selected that the sealing profiles in the installed state with each other facing surfaces lie against each other. Enclose it the sealing profiles 46 those passing through the gaps Reinforcement bars, however, seal the column in the remaining completely.

The finished wall element is shown in FIGS. how it comes out of the steel formwork. Fig. 4 shows among other things, that the lateral end faces of the wall element Have fillets 20. This can be seen preferably in FIG. 5 slightly convex profile of the upper face, which beyond retains its natural roughness, so that later an intimate bond with the in-situ concrete results, as explained below will be. The element includes some of the simplicity for the sake of omitted in FIGS. 1 and 2, the the transport, if necessary the intermediate storage and in particular that Simplify placing the wall element at the installation site. in the individual, these are two leveling supports, each from a threaded rod 15 with a nut attached to it 15a and a screw sleeve embedded in the concrete 16 exist, as well as two threaded bushings also embedded below 17 for screwing in crane eyes. In addition, in the wall element near the upper edge of two more eyelets 18 embedded, the purpose of which will be explained. Instead, short reinforcement bars or threaded rods, by the embedded in the wall element Sleeves 9 (see. Fig. 1) pushed through or into this be screwed in, used. Furthermore, a Part of the protruding reinforcement as a closed U-bracket 19 be trained. All parts mentioned are commercially available available.

Figure 6 shows the wall element in compared to Figures 4 and 5 more flexible and thus in the later installation situation appropriate orientation. All visible surfaces are flat, likewise the load-bearing edge strips of the upper face, so that there is a clean transition to the subsequent one Floor ceiling (see also Fig. 7 and following) results. The wall element is provided with two adjusting devices 21 and 22 provided whose construction is identical, so that below only the adjusting device 21 is explained in more detail. This includes two L-shaped angles, the long legs 21a, 21b at their upper ends via one by nuts secured threaded rod 21c are connected. At the bottom The long legs 21a, 21b have holes for the ends Passage of screws 18a, which in the threaded sleeves 18th (cf. FIGS. 4, 5), with which the adjusting device 21 is also fixed in its lower end. At the end of each short L-leg 21d, which on the long leg 21b. is supported via a diagonal traverse 21e a height-adjustable foot in the form of a threaded rod 25, which is a thread or a threaded sleeve in the short leg 21d reaches through, has flats on the top and ends in a conical support leg 26 on the underside.

7 and 8 illustrate the situation during the Place a new, prefabricated wall element B on similar, prefabricated wall element A of the one below Projectile. One recognizes that this lower Wall element A the floor ceiling, here in the form of a partially prefabricated Ceiling 30 with reinforcement 31, smooth and connects almost seamlessly. During the placement, it will new wall element using the leveling support 16 in the Horizontal leveled. For this purpose, the leveling support includes a threaded rod 15 with a nut attached to it Apply a key. The sufficiently long protrusions the reinforcements 7, 8, here both the lower and the upper wall element, overlap (see. Fig. 7) and can, if necessary, also by means of threaded sleeves known per se, Anchor sleeves and the like are connected to one another become. If necessary for structural reasons, can alternatively or additionally, overlapping U-brackets 19 the wall elements A, B inserted short reinforcing bars 33 be, cf. in particular Fig. 8. The protruding ends the electrical installation pipes 11 are connected to each other. Likewise, with any sanitary installation (not shown).

The wall element is, as illustrated in FIG. 9, by means of the adjustment devices 21, 22 (the latter not in the figure visible) aligned in the vertical. You can see that the short L-legs 21d of the adjusting device are dimensioned in this way are that the support feet 26 are exactly over the supports 32nd the ceiling 30 of the floor below. Fig. 9 also shows the application of the in-situ concrete 35 of the Floor ceiling. (The ceiling reinforcement is of simplicity not shown here for the sake of it). This in-situ concrete also fills completely the space between the bottom of the just placed wall element B and the upper edge of the wall element A of the floor below.

Since the upper with the lower wall element after curing of the in-situ concrete 35 non-positively and structurally perfect is connected, the adjusting devices 21, 22 be removed.

Then the feet 26 of the adjustment devices remaining, conical depressions with Concrete 36 filled, cf. Fig. 10. Then the screed applied, which usually consists of an insulation layer 37 and the actual screed 38 exists. As is clear from Figure 10 then there is also a smooth transition from the screed 38 to the respective wall surface that is not reworked needs. In particular, the screed 38 also covers the Openings of the threaded sleeves 18 (or sleeves 9 in Fig. 1) in the wall element, which is used to fix the adjustment devices served.

Fig. 11 shows a sectional plan view of three abutting Wall elements, two of which form a corner. There the wall elements are dimensionally accurate and with flat surfaces (except the later lower end face) in exposed concrete quality come out of the formwork, they can be practical put together seamlessly and precisely. Which opposite grooves 20 form closed Channels. The concrete penetrates into these channels when the concrete is ready respective floor slab of in-situ concrete 35 and forms the so-called seal after hardening, which seals the Traction between the wall elements in a horizontal Direction.

Claims (10)

1. A prefabricated wall element of storey height and intended for the erection of high-rise buildings, which wall element is made of a building material pourable prior to setting and comprises embedded reinforcement which projects beyond the lower face surface and the upper face surface of the wall element as projecting reinforcement, with the load-bearing edge strips of the upper face surface being plane, characterized in that mutually spaced and longitudinally adjustable leveling means (15, 16) for the wall element are embedded in the lower face surface.
2. A wall element as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that at least the upper face side additionally comprises at least two mutually spaced anchoring means (17) for fastening hoisting means.
3. A wall element as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a cavetto (20) is present in the region of at least one of the two lateral face surfaces.
4. A wall element as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that empty pipes (11) which are embedded in the wall element project beyond the respective face surfaces of the wall element.
5. A wall element as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the longitudinally adjustable leveling means (15, 16) consist of threaded rods (15) and collets (16) which receive the same over at least a part of their length, and either the threaded rod or the respective collet is embedded in a load-transmitting manner in the lower face surface of the wall element.
6. A method for producing a wall element as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a reinforcement (7, 8) and leveling means (15, 16), other mounting tools (3a, 17, 18, 19), optional installation parts (10, 11), placeholders for breakthroughs and/or heat insulation boards are inserted, positioned and fixed in an upright, open and reusable steel shuttering in upside-down orientation, that thereafter the shuttering is closed and a building material (13) is poured in and is optionally shaken, and that after the setting of the building material the wall element is released.
7. A method for erecting high-rise buildings by using wall elements as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the respective wall element is brought to its mounting orientation, is provided on each of its two large surfaces with at least one apparatus (21, 22) for perpendicular adjustment and is positioned over the top face surface of the wall element of the storey beneath and is lowered into the gap between two ceiling elements (30) of said lower storey, which ceiling elements rest on said upper face surface, until the leveling means (15, 16) stand up on said upper face surface, that the thus positioned wall element is aligned with the help of the leveling means (15, 16) in the horizontal direction and with the help of the adjusting apparatus (21, 22) in the perpendicular direction, that the remaining gap between the lower face surface of the positioned wall element and the face surface of the wall element beneath is filled with site-mixed concrete (35) and is optionally shaken, and that after the setting the adjusting apparatus (21, 22) is removed.
8. An adjusting apparatus for setting a wall element as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized by two approximately L-shaped elbows which, with their long legs (21a, 21b) perpendicularly aligned, rest on opposite large surfaces of the wall element preferably each over at least one small-size surface area and each comprise at their respective free end of their short legs (21d) a high-adjustable foot (25, 26).
9. An adjusting apparatus as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the two long legs (21a, 21b) of the L-shaped elbows are mutually linked on both sides of the wall element over its upper edge and/or its lower edge.
10. An adjusting apparatus as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the height-adjustable foot comprises a threaded rod (25) which is received in a thread of the short legs (21d) and which ends in a conical support foot (26).

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