CZ290537B6 - Wall element for high-rise structures and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

In the present invention there is disclosed a wall element (A, B) for high-rise structures the height of which is that of the structure floor and that is made of a building material being capable of casting prior its hardening, whereby the wall element (A, B) is provided with a reinforcement (7, 8). The reinforcement (7, 8) protrudes over the lower end face and upper end face of the wall element (A, B) to form a reinforced connection. The load-absorbing edge strips of the upper end face are flat and length-adjustable leveling members (15, 16) for the wall element (A, B) are embedded in the lower end face at a predetermined distance from each other. A process for producing of the above-described wall element as well as construction process of high-rise structures employing such wall elements form part of the present invention, too.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a wall element for high-rise buildings which has a floor height and is prefabricated from a building material capable of being cast before being solidified and provided with a built-in reinforcement. The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a wall element, a steel formwork for carrying out the method, a method of constructing high-rise structures using the wall elements according to the invention, and an adjustment device for settling the wall element in the latter manner.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Prefabricated wall elements have hitherto been used to a greater extent for the construction of tall buildings within the so-called slab construction. The disadvantages of this construction are generally known, and the main reason for this is that the prefabricated wall elements are essentially laid on top of each other and upstairs one on the other, without creating a correspondingly rigid connection between them. This construction was therefore largely abandoned.

In particular, prefabricated wall elements can be used for the construction of interior walls, since these walls need not have any breathability. This has substantial advantages in terms of rationalization, especially if the possibility of creating the necessary openings, especially for the door, but also for a complete electrical and possibly sanitary installation in prefabricated corresponding wall elements, is exercised. CAD / CAM techniques can be used for this. Further automation of prefabrication is possible by the use of controlled industrial robots for inserting reinforcement and possible installation parts, as well as for adjusting spatial holders for openings and the like.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a prefabricated wall element corresponding to the requirements of the structural engineer, as well as a method for manufacturing it, as well as a suitable method for constructing high-rise structures from such wall elements.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a wall element for high-rise buildings having a floor height, formed of a building material capable of being cast before being solidified and provided with reinforcement, reinforcement extending over the lower face and over the upper face of the wall element as attachment reinforcement, the upper load-receiving end faces are straight, and length-adjustable leveling means for the wall element, spaced apart from each other, are inserted into the lower face.

The wall element so formed is straight in the area of all visible surfaces and has clean straight edges, while the reinforcement extending downwards and upwards is connected in a statically safe manner to adjacent, identically formed wall elements or to other prefabricated or concrete laid in the construction site parts of the building. In addition, this wall element also provides a clean, virtually jointless transition to the floor of the floor without costly additional work. Also, the wall element does not need to be plastered to compensate for the irregularities and inaccuracies that are customary with currently manufactured walls and / or to cover gaps and openings for installations.

In particular, the leveling means ensure that a sufficiently large gap remains between the lower face of the wall element and its bearing surface, which not only facilitates the connection

However, it also provides sufficient space for embedding this connection area with, for example, concrete deposited in the structure on the construction site, which may in particular be ceiling concrete.

In order to simplify the handling of the wall element, which will generally be removed from the formwork by a crane and deposited at the installation site, the at least upper face may additionally have at least two spaced-apart anchoring means for securing the lifting means.

In order to provide a horizontal force-tight connection of the side wall elements adjacent to one another, precisely opposite hollow grooves can be provided in the region of the side faces after installation, which are poured with concrete after the wall elements have been seated.

To simplify the installation, the installation components, in particular the empty tubes, may extend over the corresponding end faces of the wall elements.

The length-adjustable leveling means may advantageously consist of threaded rods which are supported in a screw sleeve over a part of their length, with either the threaded rods or corresponding screw sleeves being inserted into the lower face of the wall element for transmission of force.

The production of prefabricated wall or ceiling elements in reusable steel formwork is a prior art. However, the wall element according to the invention can best be produced by placing, positioning and fastening in a vertically inverted orientation reinforcement, leveling means and other mounting aids, local hole holders and / or thermal insulation boards in a standing open formwork. When the building material has cured, the wall element is removed. By producing the wall element in a vertically inverted orientation, both the desired flat top face or at least its straight edge strips, as well as the desired roughness, and preferably a slightly convex profile of the bottom face of the wall element are formed. The finished wall element must be reversed before installation. However, this entails no or at least minor additional costs, since, irrespective of whether the wall element is prefabricated in the factory or on the construction site, intermediate transport and / or intermediate storage is generally required as well.

The steel formwork according to the invention for carrying out the method of manufacturing a wall element has at least in the floor of the formwork walls passageways for the connection reinforcement. The formwork bottom is therefore at least one dimension of the overhang of the reinforcement, i.e. the length of the connecting reinforcement, higher than the contact surface of the steel formwork.

Depending on the type of building material, more precisely depending on its consistency, the passages are resiliently sealed against leakage of the building material.

A preferred formwork construction according to the invention consists in that its floor surface consists at least partially of U-shaped subbase profiles having passageways therebetween and on which one elastic sealing profile is fixed, each sealing profile facing each other. they seal the passageways for the connection reinforcement with the faces.

The invention further relates to a method of construction of high-rise buildings using wall elements of the proposed type. For this purpose, it is proposed that the respective wall element be brought into its installation orientation, provided with at least one vertical adjustment device on each of its two large surfaces and placed above the upper front surface of the lower floor wall element and lowered into the gap between two on this upper face with supporting ceiling elements of this lower floor until the leveling means stand on this upper face, the wall element thus positioned is directed in horizontal direction by means of the leveling means

It is directed vertically through the adjusting devices, then the remaining gap between the lower face of the underside wall element and the face of the underside wall element is filled with concrete deposited in the construction site and possibly shaken off, and curing is removed by the adjustment device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which it is described in a simplified and schematic manner.

Figure 1 schematically shows an open steel formwork for the production of a wall element.

Fig. 2 shows closed steel formwork during the filling of building material. Fig. 2a is a partial cross-sectional view of the steel formwork taken along the line IIa-IIa in Fig. 2.

Fig. 3 shows a detail of the steel formwork to illustrate its sealing.

FIG. 4 shows the wall element after the formwork has been removed. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the wall element taken along line V-V in Fig. 4;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the wall element of Fig. 4 taken along line V-V.

Fig. 6 shows a wall element ready for intermediate storage or installation.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view to illustrate the installation situation of the wall element.

FIG. 8 is an axonometric representation of the installation situation of the wall element.

Fig. 9 shows a built-in wall element during the introduction of concrete deposited in the structure at the construction site.

Fig. 10 shows the built-in wall element after finishing the floor of the floor including the coating.

FIG. 11 is a simplified plan view of side wall elements adjacent to one another.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows an open steel formwork with formwork walls 1 and 2, with a side closure wall 3 on which profile strips 3a are fastened to form a groove in the lateral faces of the later wall element, as well as the floor 4, which will be explained later. In this exemplary embodiment, the projector 5 projects a wall element plan on the inside of the rear formwork panel L Reinforcement 7, 8, through-pipe 9 and wiring box 10 with empty pipes 11 have already been inserted into the formwork. whose function is still to be explained. Conventional spacers etc. are not shown for simplicity. The installation empty pipes 11 and other intermediate components (not shown), including any thermal insulation boards or space holders for door openings, installation shafts and the like, are sufficiently fastened in a known manner to the reinforcement 7, 8.

Figure 2 schematically illustrates closed steel formwork immediately before the end of the concrete filling 13. The left side wall of the steel formwork is not shown.

- 3 GB 290537 B6

FIG. 2a shows the advantageous possibility of fastening the wiring box 10 by means of an electromagnet 14 which, when supplied via cable 12, adheres non-slidably to the box 2 and thus fastens the wiring box 10. The supply voltage is disconnected before opening the formwork. After removal of the shuttering wall 2, the electromagnet 14 including the cable 12 is removed for reuse.

FIG. 3 shows the formation of the floor area or both sides of the steel formwork, which is arranged such that a part of the reinforcement 7, 8 extends as a connection reinforcement above the finished wall element. In detail, a central square tube 41 is used for this purpose, to which the U-shaped profiles 42, 43 are laterally connected, whose identical U-shaped profiles 44, 45 are arranged opposite each other. The length of the legs of the U-shaped profiles 44 and 45 corresponds to the normal spacing of the reinforcement 7, 8 from the corresponding outer wall surfaces. Each of the U-shaped profiles 42, 43, 44, 45, which leave a gap corresponding to the thickness of the reinforcing bars between them in pairs, surrounds a permanently resilient plastic sealing profile 46. The thickness of the sealing profiles 46 measured in the transverse direction is selected such that the sealing profiles 46, in the installed state, abut one another with faces facing each other. Thus, the sealing profiles 46 surround the reinforcing bars passing through the gaps, but otherwise completely seal the gaps.

4 and 5 show the finished wall element so. as it emerges from the steel formwork. FIG. 4 illustrates, inter alia, that the side faces of the wall element have grooves 20. FIG. as it will be explained later. This element has some intermediate parts which have been omitted for the sake of simplicity in FIGS. 1 and 2, which parts simplify transport or intermediate storage and in particular the placement of the wall element at the construction site. In detail, there are two leveling means 15 at the top, which are formed by a threaded rod and a nut 15a fixed thereon, and by a leveling means 16 formed by a threaded sleeve embedded in the concrete. threaded sleeve for screwing in crane lifting eyes. In addition, two further threaded loops 18 are inserted into the wall element in the region of its upper edge, the purpose of which will be explained in more detail below. Instead, short reinforcing bars or threaded bars can also be used, which are threaded through or threaded through the through tubes 9 housed in the wall element (see FIG. 1). Furthermore, the portion of the overhanging reinforcement may be formed as a closed U-shaped yoke 19. All of these parts are commercially available.

FIG. 6 shows a wall element as opposed to FIG. 4 and FIG. All the apparent surfaces are flat, as are the load-bearing edge strips of the upper face, so as to form a balanced transition to the subsequent storey ceiling, see also Fig. 7 et seq. The wall element is provided with two adjusting devices 21 and 22 having the same construction, so that only the adjusting device 12 will be explained in more detail below. This has two L-shaped angles whose long arms 12a, 21b are connected at their upper ends by threaded bars 21c secured by nuts. At the lower ends, the long arms 21a, 21b have holes for the passage of screws 18a extending into the threaded lug sleeves 18, see Figs. 4 and 5, whereby the adjusting device 21 is also fixed at its lower end. At the end of the corresponding L-shaped short arm 21d, which is supported on the long arm 21b by a diagonal cross member 21e, a height-adjustable threaded rod 25 is provided that passes through the thread or threaded sleeve in the short arm 21d. at the top of the key surface and at the bottom is terminated in the conical support foot 26.

- 4 GB 290537 B6

Figures 7 and 8 show the situation during the deposition of a new, prefabricated wall element B on the same, prefabricated wall element A underneath the modified floor. It can be seen that this lower wall element A is connected smoothly and almost without sleep by a floor ceiling, here in the form of a partially prefabricated ceiling 30 with a stiffening support 31. During settling, the new wall element B is leveled by means of leveling means 16 to a horizontal plane. For this purpose, the leveling means 16 has a threaded rod as leveling means 15 with a nut for receiving the key. Sufficiently long overhangs of the reinforcements 7, 8 here both of the lower and upper wall elements overlap, as can be seen from FIG. 7, and can also be connected to one another by means of threaded sleeves, anchor sleeves or alike. If necessary for structurally static reasons, they may alternatively or additionally be inserted into the overlapping U-shaped brackets 19 of the wall elements A. B short reinforcing steel 33, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 8. Overlapping ends of the empty conduit 11 will connect with each other. The same procedure is used with any sanitary installation (not shown).

The wall element is, as shown in FIG. 9, directed vertically by means of adjusting devices 21, 22, of which the adjusting device 22 is not shown in the figure. It can be seen that the short arms 21d of the adjusting device 21 have such dimensions that the support feet 26 are exactly above the supports 32 of the ceiling 30 at the bottom of the adjusted floor. In addition, FIG. 9 shows the supply of concrete 35 laid in the structure at the building of the floor 30. Ceiling reinforcement 30 is not shown for simplicity. This concrete 35 laid on the construction site also completely fills the intermediate space between the lower edge of the wall element B currently being laid and the upper edge of the wall element A below the arranged floor.

Since the upper building element B is rigidly and structurally perfectly coupled to the lower building element A after the insertion of the concrete 35 laid in the structure at the construction site, the adjusting device 21, 22 can then be removed.

Subsequently, the conical recesses remaining on the feet 26 of the adjusting devices 21, 22 are filled with concrete 36 as shown in FIG. 10. A jointless floor, which usually consists of a damping layer 37 and the actual coating 38, is then applied. 10 clearly shows that a smooth transition between the coating 38 and the corresponding wall surface is then also required, which does not have to be reworked. In particular, the coating 38 also covers the holes of the threaded eyes 18 or the through-pipes 9 in FIG. 1 in the wall element which served to fasten the adjusting devices 21, 22.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of three abutting wall elements, two of which form a corner. Since these wall elements are designed with exact dimensions and flat surfaces, with the exception of the lateral face, and are removed from the formwork of concrete quality with a visible unworked surface, they can be stacked virtually jointlessly and precisely aligned. The opposed hollow grooves 20 each form closed channels. During the concreting of the corresponding opposed storey ceiling, these channels penetrate the concrete 35 laid in the structure on the construction site and, after curing, form a so-called seal which provides a force connection between the wall elements in a horizontal direction.

Claims (7)

1. A high-rise wall element having a floor height is formed from a castable building material and is provided with reinforcement, characterized in that the reinforcement (7, 8) extends over the lower face and over the top. the end face of the wall element (A, B) as a connection reinforcement, the edge strips of the upper end face for load-bearing are flat, and the lower front face is fitted with length-adjustable leveling means (15, 16) for the wall element (A, B) at a distance from each other. Wall element according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the upper face has additionally at least two spaced-apart anchoring means (17) for fixing the lifting means. Wall element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a groove (20) for concrete embedding is provided in at least one of the two faces. Wall element according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the empty tubes (11) inserted into the wall element (A, B) extend over corresponding end faces of the wall element (A, B). Wall element according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the length-adjustable leveling means (15, 16) consist of threaded rods which are supported in a screw sleeve for a part of their length and either the threaded rod or the corresponding screw sleeve are received in the lower face of the wall element (B). Method of manufacturing a wall element according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in a reusable steel formwork, characterized in that reinforcement, leveling means and other mounting aids, local brackets are inserted, positioned and fixed in a vertically inverted orientation in a standing open formwork. for openings and / or thermal insulation boards, then the shuttering is closed and the building material is poured and possibly compacted, and after the building material has cured, the wall element is stripped off. Method of construction of high-rise buildings using wall elements according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the respective wall element is brought into its installation orientation, provided with at least one vertical adjustment device on each of its two large surfaces and positioning above the upper end face of the bottom floor wall element and lowered into the gap between the two on this upper face with the supporting elements of the lower floor until the leveling means stand on this upper face, the positioning wall element thus directed by means of leveling means vertically, then the remaining gap between the lower face of the positioned wall element and the face of the underlying wall element is filled with concrete deposited in the construction site and possibly is compacted and, after curing, the adjustment device is removed.