EP0730067B1 - Light building facade and method for its manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

The walling material, esp. for providing insulation, consists of an inner layer (8) of a rigid material such as plaster panels, the outer surface of which is sprayed to form a vapour barrier film (10). This is covered by a layer (11) of a thermal insulation material based on mineral fibres and a binding agent. It is at least 1 cm thick and sprayed onto the film layer (10) so that it adheres to it, and is covered by an outer, continuous rainproof layer made from a micro-porous water-impermeable resin, sprayed onto the outer surface of the thermal insulation layer and penetrating it to a depth of at least 1 cm. The vapour barrier film (10) is pref. latex-based and at least 150 micron thick; the thermal insulation layer has a density of 200/250 kg/m<3>, and the rainproof micro-porous resin layer is based on methacrylic resin.

Description

The present invention relates to facades light for buildings, as well as manufacturing processes such facades.

(a) une paroi intérieure rigide présentant une face dite externe qui est orientée vers l'extérieur du bâtiment,

(b) un film pare-vapeur, qui a pour fonction de protéger ladite surface externe contre les condensations ou infiltrations d'eau,

(c) une couche d'isolant thermique présentant une surface extérieure, cette couche servant non seulement à l'isolation thermique lors de l'usage normal du bâtiment, mais également à la protection contre l'incendie au cas où des flammes lècheraient l'extérieur de la façade du bâtiment,

(d) et une couche pare-pluie microporeuse perméable à l'air, mais non à l'eau, pour éviter les infiltrations d'eau dans la couche d'isolant thermique.

More particularly, the invention relates to a facade element intended to isolate the interior of a building from the outside, this facade element comprising, from the interior towards the exterior of the building,

(a) a rigid interior wall having a so-called external face which is oriented towards the exterior of the building,

(b) a vapor barrier film, which has the function of protecting said external surface against water condensation or infiltration,

(c) a layer of thermal insulation having an exterior surface, this layer serving not only for thermal insulation during normal use of the building, but also for fire protection in the event of flames licking the exterior of the building facade,

(d) and a microporous rain barrier layer permeable to air, but not to water, to prevent infiltration of water into the thermal insulation layer.

• la paroi intérieure est constituée par des plaques de plâtre qui s'étendent sur toute la hauteur d'un étage du bâtiment et qui sont fixées par des vis sur une ossature en profilés métalliques,
• le film pare-vapeur est constitué par des lés de polyane qui présentent une épaisseur par exemple de l'ordre de 150 µm, ces lés étant juxtaposés et raccordés les uns aux autres par des rubans adhésifs, et ces lés étant également fixés à l'ossature par des rubans adhésifs à double face,
• la couche d'isolant thermique est constituée par deux sous-couches formées chacune par des plaques de laine minérale semi-rigide s'étendant sur toute la hauteur de l'étage considéré, les plaques étant décalées d'une sous-couche à l'autre de façon que les plaques de la sous-couche extérieure recouvrent les jointures entre les plaques de la sous-couche intérieure,
• et la couche pare-pluie est constituée par un film microporeux en PVC fixé sur une ossature extérieure de la façade, un vide d'air étant généralement ménagé entre la couche pare-pluie et la couche d'isolant thermique, et un parement extérieur étant fixé sur l'ossature extérieure en recouvrant la couche pare-pluie.

The known facade elements of the genre in question are generally produced in the following manner:

• the inner wall is made up of plasterboard which extends over the entire height of a storey of the building and which are fixed by screws on a framework of metal profiles,
• the vapor barrier film consists of polyane strips which have a thickness for example of the order of 150 μm, these strips being juxtaposed and connected to each other by adhesive tapes, and these strips being also fixed to the frame with double-sided adhesive tapes,
• the thermal insulating layer consists of two sublayers each formed by semi-rigid mineral wool plates extending over the entire height of the floor in question, the plates being offset from one sublayer to the other in such a way that the plates of the external sub-layer cover the joints between the plates of the internal sub-layer,
• and the rain barrier layer is constituted by a microporous PVC film fixed on an external framework of the facade, an air gap being generally formed between the rain barrier layer and the thermal insulation layer, and an external facing being fixed on the external framework by covering the rain barrier layer.

• le film pare-vapeur est difficile à mettre en place notamment en cas de vent, et il n'est généralement pas étanche au niveau des jonctions entre les lés, au niveau du plancher inférieur et au niveau de la sous-face du plancher supérieur ; de plus, ce film est susceptible d'être déchiré lors de sa mise en oeuvre, notamment entre le moment où il est mis en place et le moment où les plaques de plâtre sont fixées à l'ossature ; si des condensations ou infiltrations d'eau se produisent dans la couche d'isolant thermique, le film pare-vapeur assure donc une protection médiocre ou quasi-inexistante de la paroi intérieure en plâtre ;
• la couche d'isolant thermique est difficile à mettre en oeuvre dans les zones où les plaques d'isolant doivent être découpées du fait de la présence de fenêtres, de portes, ou autres points singuliers, de sorte que cette couche est mal mise en place et procure une isolation médiocre dans ces zones de plus, la couche d'isolant thermique se tasse au cours du temps, de sorte qu'après une certaine durée d'existence du bâtiment, cette couche devient inexistante au niveau de la sous-face du plancher supérieur de chaque étage, d'où une absence d'isolation et un défaut de protection contre l'incendie dans cette zone ; en outre, la fixation des plaques d'isolant de la sous-couche extérieure est difficile, puisqu'elle se fait généralement au moyen de feuillards métalliques qui sont vissés à travers la sous-couche extérieure dans l'ossature à laquelle est fixée la paroi intérieure ;
• la mise place de la couche pare-pluie est difficile, voire dangereuse en cas de vent, puisque cette mise en place implique de manipuler des lés de feuille en PVC de grande surface en hauteur et à l'extérieur du bâtiment ; cette couche pare-pluie présente généralement une étanchéité défectueuse du fait de la difficulté de raccorder de façon étanche les bords des lés de films PVC les uns avec les autres ou avec les encadrements de fenêtres ou de portes ; il en résulte des infiltrations d'eau dans le bâtiment, puisque le parement extérieur qui recouvre la couche pare-pluie n'est généralement pas étanche lui non plus.

These known facade elements have the following drawbacks:

• the vapor barrier film is difficult to install, in particular in the event of wind, and it is generally not waterproof at the junctions between the strips, at the level of the lower floor and at the level of the underside of the upper floor; moreover, this film is capable of being torn during its implementation, in particular between the moment when it is put in place and the moment when the plasterboards are fixed to the framework; if water condensation or infiltration occurs in the thermal insulation layer, the vapor barrier film therefore provides poor or almost non-existent protection of the interior plaster wall;
• the thermal insulating layer is difficult to apply in the areas where the insulating plates must be cut due to the presence of windows, doors, or other singular points, so that this layer is poorly placed and provides poor insulation in these areas further, the thermal insulation layer settles over time, so that after a certain period of existence of the building, this layer becomes nonexistent at the underside of the upper floor of each floor, resulting in a lack of insulation and a lack of fire protection in this area; moreover, the fixing of the insulating plates of the external sub-layer is difficult, since it is generally done by means of metal strips which are screwed through the external sub-layer into the framework to which the wall is fixed. interior;
• the installation of the rain barrier layer is difficult, even dangerous in the event of wind, since this installation involves handling strips of PVC sheet of large surface area in height and outside the building; this rain barrier layer generally has a defective seal due to the difficulty of sealingly joining the edges of the strips of PVC films with each other or with the window or door frames; this results in water infiltration into the building, since the exterior facing which covers the rain barrier layer is generally not waterproof either.

The object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above.

• le film pare-vapeur est un film continu constitué par un matériau étanche qui est projeté sur toute la face externe de la paroi intérieure et qui adhère à ladite paroi intérieure,
• la couche d'isolant thermique est une couche continue constituée par un matériau à base de fibres minérales adhérant les unes aux autres au moyen d'un liant, ce matériau étant projeté sur l'ensemble du film pare-vapeur et adhérant à ce film pare-vapeur, et la couche d'isolant thermique ayant une épaisseur supérieure à un centimètre,
• et la couche pare-pluie est une couche continue constituée par une résine microporeuse étanche à l'eau, qui est projetée sur toute la surface extérieure de la couche d'isolant thermique et qui pénètre dans cette couche d'isolant thermique sur une épaisseur au moins égale à un centimètre.

To this end, according to the invention, a facade element of the kind in question is essentially characterized in that:

• the vapor barrier film is a continuous film constituted by a waterproof material which is sprayed over the entire external face of the interior wall and which adheres to said interior wall,
• the thermal insulating layer is a continuous layer consisting of a material based on mineral fibers adhering to each other by means of a binder, this material being sprayed onto the entire vapor barrier film and adhering to this barrier film -vapor, and the layer of thermal insulator having a thickness greater than one centimeter,
• and the rain barrier layer is a continuous layer constituted by a microporous waterproof resin, which is sprayed over the entire outer surface of the thermal insulation layer and which penetrates into this thermal insulation layer over a thickness of less than one centimeter.

• la face externe de la paroi intérieure rigide est rendue parfaitement étanche, de sorte que cette paroi intérieure ne risque pas d'être dégradée par d'éventuels phénomènes de condensation ou d'éventuelles infiltrations d'eau qui pourraient avoir lieu dans la couche d'isolant thermique ;
• la couche d'isolant thermique peut être mise en place correctement même au voisinage de points singuliers tels que des portes, des fenêtres etc. ; cette couche d'isolant thermique est continue, et elle n'est pas susceptible de tassements au cours du temps, de sorte qu'elle assure parfaitement sa fonction d'isolation thermique et de protection vis-à-vis du feu ;
• la couche pare-pluie est parfaitement étanche et continue, de sorte qu'elle évite la pénétration d'humidité ou les infiltrations d'eau à l'intérieur de la couche d'isolant thermique, cette couche ayant en outre un effet antidéfibrant sur la couche d'isolant et généralement également un effet fongicide ;
• et les différentes couches peuvent être réalisées avec une productivité très élevée tout en garantissant une qualité élevée et constante.

Thanks to these provisions:

• the outer face of the rigid inner wall is made perfectly sealed, so that this inner wall is not likely to be degraded by possible condensation phenomena or possible water infiltration which could take place in the layer of thermal insulator ;
• the thermal insulating layer can be installed correctly even in the vicinity of singular points such as doors, windows, etc. ; this layer of thermal insulation is continuous, and it is not susceptible to settlement over time, so that it perfectly performs its function of thermal insulation and protection against fire;
• the rain barrier layer is perfectly waterproof and continuous, so that it prevents the ingress of moisture or water infiltration inside the thermal insulation layer, this layer also having an anti-flame effect on the insulation layer and generally also a fungicidal effect;
• and the different layers can be produced with very high productivity while guaranteeing a high and constant quality.

• la face externe de la paroi intérieure est imperméable à l'eau : ainsi la paroi intérieure ne risque pas d'être détériorée par les intempéries entre le moment de sa mise en place et le moment où sa face externe est recouverte par la couche pare-vapeur ;
• le matériau constituant le film pare-vapeur est à base de latex ;
• le film pare-vapeur présente une épaisseur d'au moins 150 µm ;
• le matériau constituant la couche d'isolant thermique présente une densité comprise entre 200 kg/m³ et 250 kg/m³ : ainsi, outre ses caractéristiques d'isolation thermique, la couche d'isolant thermique peut présenter d'une part une isolation phonique excellente, et d'autre part une inertie thermique qui peut être meilleure que celle d'un voile en béton armé d'épaisseur comparable, ce qui garantit une très bonne protection contre l'incendie ; la masse volumique de cette couche d'isolant thermique reste néanmoins très faible comparée à celle du béton, ce qui allège le bâtiment et facilite sa protection thermique ;
• la résine microporeuse constituant la couche pare-pluie est à base de résine méthacrylique ;
• la paroi intérieure est solidaire d'une ossature rigide fixée au bâtiment, cette ossature étant recouverte vers l'extérieur du bâtiment par le film pare-vapeur et disposée à l'intérieur de la couche d'isolant thermique : cette ossature participe ainsi efficacement à l'accrochage du matériau projeté constituant la couche d'isolant thermique, et cette ossature est également parfaitement protégée contre d'éventuelles infiltrations d'eau ou d'éventuelles condensations d'eau par le film pare-vapeur qui la recouvre, ce qui est particulièrement important lorsque l'ossature en question est métallique.

In preferred embodiments, use is also made of one and / or the other of the following arrangements:

• the external face of the internal wall is impermeable to water: thus the internal wall is not likely to be deteriorated by bad weather between the moment of its installation and the moment when its external face is covered by the barrier layer. steam;
• the material constituting the vapor barrier film is based on latex;
• the vapor barrier film has a thickness of at least 150 μm;
• the material constituting the thermal insulating layer has a density between 200 kg / m ³ and 250 kg / m ³ : thus, in addition to its thermal insulation characteristics, the thermal insulating layer may on the one hand have insulation excellent phonic, and on the other hand a thermal inertia which can be better than that of a reinforced concrete veil of comparable thickness, which guarantees very good protection against fire; the density of this layer of thermal insulation nevertheless remains very low compared to that of concrete, which lightens the building and facilitates its thermal protection;
• the microporous resin constituting the rain barrier layer is based on methacrylic resin;
• the inner wall is secured to a rigid frame fixed to the building, this frame being covered towards the outside of the building by the vapor barrier film and disposed inside the layer of thermal insulation: this frame thus effectively participates in the attachment of the projected material constituting the thermal insulating layer, and this framework is also perfectly protected against possible water infiltration or possible water condensation by the vapor barrier film which covers it, which is particularly important when the frame in question is metallic.

The invention also relates to a facade of building spanning several floors, this facade of building with facade elements as defined above at each level, the insulating layer thermal and the rain barrier extending so continues from one floor to another: this continuity between floors provides sealing and thermal insulation facade.

• mettre en place la paroi intérieure,
• projeter la matériau constitutif du film pare-vapeur sur la face externe de la paroi intérieure, ce matériau étant alors sous forme fluide et collante,
• avant séchage du film pare-vapeur, projeter le matériau constituant la couche d'isolant thermique en faisant entraíner ce matériau par de l'air comprimé et en mouillant ce matériau au moment de sa projection pour le rendre collant,
• et projeter la résine microporeuse à l'extérieur de la couche d'isolant thermique, cette résine étant alors à l'état fluide.

Finally, the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a facade element, comprising the following steps:

• set up the inner wall,
• spraying the constituent material of the vapor barrier film on the external face of the interior wall, this material then being in fluid and sticky form,
• before drying the vapor barrier film, spray the material constituting the thermal insulating layer by causing this material to be entrained by compressed air and by wetting this material at the time of its projection to make it sticky,
• and spraying the microporous resin on the outside of the thermal insulating layer, this resin then being in the fluid state.

Preferably, the projection of the constituent material the thermal insulation layer takes less than two hours after the projection of the material constituting the vapor barrier film.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the detailed description following of one of its embodiments, given as non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

• la figure 1 est une vue en coupe verticale d'une façade légère selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention,
• et la figure 2 est une vue en coupe horizontale selon la ligne II-II de la figure 1.

In the drawings:

• FIG. 1 is a view in vertical section of a light facade according to an embodiment of the invention,
• and Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view along the line II-II of Figure 1.

In the two figures, the same references designate identical or similar elements.

Figures 1 and 2 schematically represent a light facade 1 intended to close a building 2 to insulate the interior 3 of this building vis-à-vis the exterior 4.

Building 2 shown in Figure 1 has several floors separated from each other by floors 5, but the invention is also applicable to single-story buildings.

The light facade 1 has an exterior facing 6 which generally has no sealing function or thermal or acoustic insulation function. This facing exterior is usually attached to a metal frame outer 7 itself fixed on the edges of the different floors 5.

• une paroi intérieure rigide 8 fixée à une ossature intérieure 9,
• un film ou pellicule pare-vapeur 10,
• une couche d'isolant thermique 11,
• et une couche pare-pluie 12, de préférence séparée du parement extérieur par un espace creux 13.

To ensure the sealing functions of the facade, as well as the thermal and acoustic insulation and fire protection functions, the facade also has the following different layers behind the exterior facing, from the inside towards the outside of the building:

• a rigid interior wall 8 fixed to an interior framework 9,
• a vapor barrier film or film 10,
• a layer of thermal insulator 11,
• and a rain barrier layer 12, preferably separated from the exterior facing by a hollow space 13.

The internal framework consists of metal profiles with U-section which extend vertically between the lower and upper floors 5 of each floor and which are attached to these two floors.

U-profiles can be arranged with two wings of their U substantially parallel to the facade 1, but other arrangements can be envisaged, and profiles with different shapes could also be used.

Furthermore, the internal framework 9 could possibly be made of a material other than metal, for example wood.

In addition, although this is not preferred in the framework of the present invention, the internal framework 9 could possibly be removed if the inner wall 8 had sufficient mechanical strength and if this wall could be securely attached to the floors lower and upper 5.

The inner wall 8 is constituted by plates of plaster juxtaposed to each other which extend over the whole height of a storey and which are fixed to the frame interior 9 by screwing or other, on the interior side 3 of the building.

Preferably, the external face 8a of the plates plaster 8, which is directed towards the outside of the building, is consisting of aluminum foil or another waterproof material, which protects said weather drywall between the time they are applied and when the vapor barrier film 10 is applied.

Optionally, the inner wall 8 could be made of a rigid material other than plaster, by for example in wood, plastic or metal. Moreover, the wall 8, instead of being flat, could if necessary have protruding ribs or undulations towards the outside of the building, to replace the framework 9.

The vapor barrier film 10, on the other hand, is a film continuous and waterproof consisting of a waterproof material which is applied to the entire outer face 8a of the interior wall and on the visible parts of the framework 9, and which adheres to this external face 8a and to the framework 9.

Application of the material constituting the vapor barrier film 10 is carried out by spraying this material under pressure in a fluid and sticky form, so that said material adheres to the outer face 8a of the inner wall 8 and the internal framework 9.

The vapor barrier film thus obtained preferably has a thickness at least equal to 150 μm and a surface density at least equal to 200 g / m ² .

The material constituting the vapor barrier film 10 is preferably latex-based.

Advantageously, this material can be that marketed under the brand "BRL" by the company RUAUD INDUSTRIES, Z.I. de la Croix Saint-Nicolas, 18 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94510 LA QUEUE-EN-BRIE - FRANCE.

This material consists of approximately 80% by weight of latex combined with surfactants, and about 20% by weight of an aqueous dispersion of a low copolymer acrylonitrile content, this aqueous dispersion comprising lauryl sulfate which represents approximately 1% by weight total of the material, and a water-soluble thickener, in particular polyurethane, which represents 2% of the total weight of the material.

This "BRL" material has the advantage of lending itself easily sprayed under pressure, and it keeps over time very good elasticity characteristics and water and air tightness.

In addition, the brand material "BRL" plays a role corrosion inhibitor, in particular thanks to the various agents surfactants it contains, which is particularly interesting for protecting the interior metal framework 9 against any corrosion coming from a hypothetical water infiltration or condensation of water vapor inside the layer 11 of insulating material.

After its application, the material constituting the vapor barrier film 10 dries gradually, but remains sticky for about 2 hours.

Before the drying of the film 10, we project onto this film 10 a thermally insulating material to form the layer 11 of thermal insulation which continuously covers the entire vapor barrier film 10 over the entire height between the lower and upper floors 5 of the stage considered and which adheres to the vapor barrier film 10 of the made of the sticky state of said film 10 at the time of projection.

The hanging of the flocking constituting the layer 11 on the film 10 is further facilitated by the frame 9, which protrudes inside layer 11 and thus blocks mechanically this layer 11.

In addition, when the building has several floors, as shown in Figure 1, layer 11 of insulating material is preferably continuous from floor to floor the other, so as to avoid any creation of a thermal bridge between the interior and exterior of the building.

The insulating material used consists of fibers mineral coated with binder which are projected in a flow compressed air and which are wet when they are projection to adhere to each other.

An example of such a material is sold under the "Protec-flame" brand by RUAUD INDUSTRIES, Z.I. de la Croix Saint-Nicolas, 18 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94510 LA QUEUE-EN-BRIE - FRANCE.

This "flame protector" material is composed of wool mineral coated with Portland cement, plaster, clay bentonite, organic binders and dustproof oil.

The thermal insulation which can be obtained thanks to layer 11 can be 30% higher than the insulation thermal obtained by the techniques of the prior art, equal thickness.

The layer of insulating material 11 preferably has a thickness between 1 cm and 15 cm, and a density which can be for example between 200 and 250 kg / m ³ , advantageously close to 230 kg / m ³ .

Thanks in particular to this density, the layer 11 presents, in addition to its thermal insulation qualities, excellent sound insulation characteristics and great thermal inertia which provides good protection against the fire. Thus, a layer 11 12 cm thick presents thermal inertia substantially equal to that of a veil in reinforced concrete with a thickness of 16 cm associated with a layer 9 cm thick glass wool, for a density of layer 11 about 10 times less important than concrete.

The thermal insulation layer 11 therefore allows to obtain high thermal insulation characteristics and acoustic and fire protection without both have a high weight, which is a characteristic important in any building and in particular in anti-seismic buildings.

The outer surface 11a of the insulating layer thermal 11 is covered by a rain barrier layer 12 which extends continuously over the entire outer surface 11a, and preferably continuously from one floor to another when the building has several floors.

This rain barrier layer consists of a microporous resin based on methacrylic resin, which is projected onto the surface 11a, under pressure and in a form liquid, mixed with solvents.

For example, the product projected in the form liquid to form the rain barrier layer 12 may be that marketed under the brand "BRH" by the Company RUAUD INDUSTRIES, Z.I. de la Croix Saint-Nicolas, 18 rue Gustave Eiffel, 94510 LA QUEUE-EN-BRIE - FRANCE. This product "BRH" consists of 84% solvents and 16% resin methacrylic, in mass percentages.

The microporous resin penetrates a thickness at least 1 cm, and preferably 2 to 3 cm, inside of the thermal insulation layer 11, filling the interstitial voids of this layer of thermal insulation.

After drying, the rain barrier layer 12 is waterproof with water and thus prevents any infiltration or condensation of water in the thermal insulating layer 11, while remaining breathable.

In addition, thanks to the penetration of the resin to inside the thermal insulation layer, the resin has a anti-defibrating effect, which means that it prevents mineral fibers constituting the thermal insulating layer 11 do not separate from each other thereby reducing the mechanical strength and insulation efficiency of the layer 11.

In addition, the resin constituting the rain barrier layer 12 generally has fungicidal properties which have a sanitizing action on the fibers constituting the layer thermal insulation 11.

Possibly, it would be possible to carry out prefabricated facade elements comprising layers 8, 10, 11 and 12 and possibly the internal framework 9, then to put together in one piece each of these elements of prefabricated facade in a building.

Claims (10)

1. A cladding component designed to insulate the inside of a building with respect to the outside, this cladding component comprising, from the inside of the building outwards:

   (a) a rigid inner wall (8) having a face termed the outer one (8a), facing towards the outside of the building,

   (b) a vapour barrier film (10),

   (c) a thermal insulation layer (11) having an outer surface (11a),

   (d) and a microporous rain barrier layer (12) permeable to air,

   characterised in that:

   the vapour barrier film (10) is a continuous film constituted by a waterproof material which is sprayed over the whole outer face (8a) of the inner wall and which adheres to this inner wall,

   the thermal insulation layer (11) is a continuous layer constituted by a material based on mineral fibres adhering to each other by means of a binder, this material being sprayed over the whole of the vapour barrier film (10) and adhering to this vapour barrier film, and the thermal insulation layer having a thickness of more than one centimetre,

   and in that the rain barrier layer (12) is a continuous layer constituted by a waterproof microporous resin which is sprayed over the whole outer surface (11a) of the thermal insulation layer and which penetrates into this thermal insulation layer over a thickness equal to at least one centimetre.
2. A cladding component in accordance with claim 1, in which the outer face (8a) of the inner wall is impermeable to water.
3. A cladding component in accordance with either one of claims 1 and 2, in which the material constituting the vapour barrier film (10) is latex-based.
4. A cladding component in accordance with any of the above claims, in which the vapour barrier film (10) has a thickness of at least 150 µm.
5. A cladding component in accordance with any of the above claims, in which the material constituting the thermal insulation layer (11) has a density of between 200 kg/m³ and 250 kg/m³.
6. A cladding component in accordance with any of the above claims, in which the microporous resin constituting the rain barrier layer (12) is methacrylic resin-based.
7. A cladding component in accordance with any of the above claims, in which the inner wall (8) is integral with a rigid framework (9) attached to the building, this framework being covered on the side facing the outside of the building by the vapour barrier film (10) and arranged on the inside of the thermal insulation layer (11).
8. Building cladding extending over several storeys, this building cladding comprising cladding components in accordance with any of the above claims on each storey, the thermal insulation layer (11) and the rain barrier layer (12) extending continuously from one storey to the other.
9. A process for manufacturing a cladding component in accordance with any of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following stages:

   install the inner wall (8),

   spray the material constituting the vapour barrier film (10) onto the outer face (8a) of the inner wall, this material being then in a fluid and adhesive form,

   before the vapour barrier film (10) has dried, spray the material constituting the thermal insulation layer (11), propelling this material with compressed air and wetting this material when it is sprayed to make it adhesive,

   and spray the microporous resin (12) on the outside of the thermal insulation layer, this resin being then in a fluid state.
10. A process for manufacturing a cladding component in accordance with claim 9, in which the spraying of the material constituting the thermal insulation layer (11) takes place at least two hours after the spraying of the material constituting the vapour barrier film (10).

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