EP0728860A1 - Shapable and heat stabilisable textile pile article - Google Patents

Abstract

The characteristic features in a looped material comprising loop-forming yarns bonded-on to a stitched or woven base contg. multifilament yarns of at least 2 components (A) and (B) as well as accompanying yarns (C) are that (i) filament (A) is texturised and is of m.pt. above 180 degrees C while filament (B) is of m.pt. below 220 degrees C such that the m.pt. of (B) is at least 20 degrees C below that of (A), and (ii) wt. ratio (A):(B) is 20:80-80:20 and 0-40 wt.% (C) is present.

Description

The present invention relates to a pile fabric made of a textile back made of knitted fabric or woven fabric and integrated handle-forming pile yarns, the textile back of which consists of a multifilament hybrid yarn made from a mixture of lower-melting and crimped higher-melting filaments, which is three-dimensionally deformable and the back of which is formed by one Heat treatment can be solidified. The pile fabric according to the invention has a pleasantly soft, textile handle and can e.g. as a cover fabric for seating furniture or for the textile surface design of complexly styled surfaces, such as the inside of car doors.

Sheets of hybrid yarns, which are composed of low-melting and higher-melting fiber materials and which can be consolidated by heat treatment, are already known.
For example, EP-B-0359436 discloses lamella curtains, the lamellae of which consist of a fabric of lower-melting and higher-melting yarns, which after its production is subjected to a heat treatment in which the lower-melting yarn portions melt and stiffen the fabric.

It is also known to fabricate from hybrid yarns which have a high-melting or infusible filament portion and a thermoplastic lower-melting filament portion, which by heating above the melting point of the thermoplastic, lower-melting yarn component in fiber-reinforced, rigid thermoplastic sheets, so-called "organic sheets" "can be transferred.

Different ways of producing fiber-reinforced thermoplastic semi-finished products have been described in chemical fibers / textile technology 39/91. Vintage (1989) pages T185 to T187, T224 to T228 and T236 to T240. The production based on sheet-like textile materials from hybrid yarns is described there as an elegant way, which offers the advantage that the mixing ratio of reinforcement and matrix fibers can be set very precisely and that the textile materials can be easily inserted into press molds due to their drapability (chemical fibers / Textile technology 39th / 91st year (1989), page T186).
As can be seen from page T238 / T239 of this publication, problems arise with the two-dimensional deformation of the textile materials. Since the elasticity of the reinforcement threads is usually negligible, textile surfaces made of conventional hybrid yarns can only be deformed due to their binding.
However, this deformability is usually limited if wrinkles are to be avoided (T239), an experience that has been confirmed by computer simulations.
The way out of pressing the textiles from reinforcing and matrix threads into molds has the disadvantage that a partial compression then occurs, which leads to a displacement and / or crimping of the reinforcing threads combined with a decrease in the reinforcing effect.
Another possibility mentioned in page T239 / T240 to produce three-dimensionally deformed molded parts with undisplaced reinforcing threads would be the production of three-dimensionally woven preforms, but this requires considerable mechanical expenditure, both in the production of the preforms and in the thermoplastic impregnation or coating .

A method known from DE-A-40 42 063 is used to improve the deformability of reinforcing inserts. In this, length-deformable, namely heat-shrinking, auxiliary threads are incorporated into the fabric provided as textile reinforcement. The shrinkage is triggered by heating and the textile material is contracted somewhat, so that the reinforcing threads are curled or held in a loose wrap.

DE-A-34 08 769 discloses a process for the production of fiber-reinforced molded articles made of thermoplastic material, in which flexible textile structures are used which consist of largely unidirectionally oriented reinforcing fibers and a matrix composed of thermoplastic yarns or fibers. When they are finally shaped, these semi-finished products are deformed by heatable profile nozzles, whereby practically all thermoplastic fibers are melted.

A tufted textile material is known from European patent application EP-A-0 260 872 in which pile yarns are tufted into a primary backing made of nonwoven fabric which contains yarns with a relatively low melting point. A heat treatment of the tufted goods melts the lower-melting fiber components of the non-woven backing, the back being consolidated and the pile yarns being incorporated therein.

A tufted textile material is known from European patent application EP-A-0 568 916, in which pile yarns containing low-melting fibers are tufted into a multilayer primary backing. A targeted heat treatment, which only affects the back of the tufted goods, melts the lower melting yarn components of the pile yarns and binds them into the back. A special layer of the multi-layered back on the pole side provides thermal insulation to prevent hardening of the pile yarns.

A pile fabric is known from a basic fabric, in which pile yarns are integrated, from Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 30 937/1984. The basic fabric consists of a yarn made of lower melting and higher melting fibers. After the fabric has been produced and the pole has been tied in, the material is heated to a temperature at which the lower-melting fibers melt, causing the back of the fabric to solidify. From the example of this document it can be seen that the yarn used to produce the woven backing is a staple fiber yarn which is obtained from a mixture of lower melting and higher melting staple fibers by secondary spinning.

However, these publications do not provide any information on the manufacture of a pile which is deformable, i.e. is suitable for covering complex three-dimensional surfaces.

In German patent application P 42 09 970.6 it has already been proposed to produce a structural plush from a knitted back and pile yarns which are pattern-integrated therein, preferably yarns made of polyester being used. However, the materials described there cannot be thermoset and their deformability is limited to the extent resulting from the knitted structure of the back.

Hybrid yarns made from infusible (e.g. glass or carbon fiber) and meltable fibers (e.g. polyester fiber) are known. For example, patent applications EP-A-156 599, 156 600, 351 201 and 378 381 and Japanese publication JP-A-04 353 525 relate to hybrid yarns made from non-meltable fibers, for example glass fibers, and thermoplastic, for example polyester fibers.
EP-A-551 832 and DE-A-29 20 513 also relate to mixed yarns which, however, are bonded, but are previously present as hybrid yarns.
From European patent EP-B-0 325 153 a textile fabric made of polyester yarns with a craquelé effect is known, which consists partly of cold-drawn, more shrinking and partly of warm-drawn normal shrinking polyester fibers. With this material, the craquelé effect is brought about by triggering the shrinkage of the higher-shrinking fibers.
EP-B-0 336 507 discloses a process for compacting a textile fabric made of polyester yarns, which partly consists of cold-drawn, more shrinking and partly of warm-drawn, normal-shrinking polyester fibers. With this material, compression is brought about by triggering the shrinkage of the higher-shrinking fibers.

EP-A-0 444 637 discloses a method for producing a crimped hybrid yarn from lower melting and higher melting ones Filament yarn. In this method, the higher melting yarn is first crimped in a texturing nozzle (bulking jet according to US-A-3 525 134), then it is combined with the lower melting yarn component and both yarns are crimped together in a second texturing nozzle.

An object of the present invention is to provide a pile fabric which has a pleasantly soft, "textile" handle, can be produced in many appealing decorations, has good drapability, deforms three-dimensionally and therefore also has complicated three-dimensional surfaces, such as e.g. Seat and backrest surfaces of seating furniture or the inside of car doors can be adjusted without folds, and their backs can be solidified and stiffened by simple heating to an extent adapted to the requirements of further processing.

The pile goods according to the invention described below achieve this object.

die Filamente A

texturiert sind und einen Schmelzpunkt über 180°C, vorzugsweise über 220°C insbesondere über 250°C haben,

die Filamente B

einen Schmelzpunkt unter 220°C, vorzugsweise unter 200°C, insbesondere unter 180°C haben,

der Schmelzpunkt der Filamente B mindestens 20°C, vorzugsweise mindestens 40°C, insbesondere mindestens 80°C unter dem Schmelzpunkt der Filamente A liegt, und
das Gewichtsverhältnis der Filamente A:B im Bereich von 20:80 bis 80:20, vorzugsweise von 40:60 bis 60:40 liegt und das Multifilament-Hybridgarn noch bis zu 40 Gew.-% Begleitfilamente C enthält.An object of the present invention is a pile fabric made of a textile back made of knitted fabric or woven fabric and integrated loop-forming pile yarns, the textile back of which consists of a multifilament hybrid yarn composed of at least 2 types A and B of filaments and possibly accompanying filaments C, which is characterized by this that

the filaments A

are textured and have a melting point above 180 ° C., preferably above 220 ° C., in particular above 250 ° C.

the filaments B

have a melting point below 220 ° C., preferably below 200 ° C., in particular below 180 ° C.,

the melting point of filaments B is at least 20 ° C., preferably at least 40 ° C., in particular at least 80 ° C. below the melting point of filaments A, and
the weight ratio of the filaments A: B is in the range from 20:80 to 80:20, preferably from 40:60 to 60:40 and the multifilament hybrid yarn still contains up to 40% by weight of accompanying filaments C.

A major advantage of this pile fabric is that it is three-dimensionally deformable.
This valuable property is particularly favored and is also achieved when the back consists of a fabric, when the higher-melting textured filaments A have a crimp of 3 to 50%, preferably 8 to 30%, in particular 10 to 22%.

In principle, the higher-melting filaments can be crimped in accordance with all known methods in which a two- or three-dimensional crimp is fixed in the filaments at elevated temperature. Suitable known methods are e.g. stuffer box crimping, gear crimping, the "knit-deknit" process in which a yarn is first knitted into a knitted tube, this is heat-set and then pulled up again. However, the preferred method for texturing filaments A is the false wire method described in numerous publications.

The higher-melting textured filaments A are expediently textured with air nozzles or preferably with false wires.

Another particularly valuable property of the pile fabric according to the invention is that its back can be strengthened by a heat treatment. The lower-melting filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn of the textile back form at least partially a matrix that connects the higher-melting textured filaments of the multifilament hybrid yarn to one another and to the pile yarn in the area of the back plane.
For the purposes of this invention, a matrix is to be understood as a coherent polyester mass which is formed by the complete or partial melting of the filaments B or by gluing the filaments B which have softened to the point of stickiness.

In order to achieve this solidification possibility without making undesirable losses in terms of strength, shape retention of the goods difficult To have to accept conditions of use or the textile feel and aspect of the pile, it is expedient and advantageous if the filaments A have a melting point of above 220 ° C., preferably from 220 to 300 ° C., in particular from 240-280 ° C.
Furthermore, it is expedient and advantageous if the filaments B have a melting point of below 220 ° C., preferably from 110 to 220 ° C., in particular from 150 to 200 ° C.

Essential to the invention is the use of filament types A, B for which certain melting point specifications exist.
The melting point of the filaments is determined on the polymer raw material used for their production. A special feature of many polymer materials, such as polyester materials, is that they usually soften before melting and the melting process extends over a relatively wide temperature range. Nevertheless, it is possible to determine easily reproducible temperature points which are characteristic of these polymer materials, for example polyester materials, at which the examined sample loses its geometric shape, ie changes to a liquid (albeit often highly viscous) state. These characteristic temperature points are determined using so-called penetrometers (analogous to DIN 51579 or 51580), in which a measuring tip of a defined dimension is placed on a chip or pellet of the polymer sample to be examined under a defined pressure, the sample is then heated at a defined heating rate and the penetration of the Measuring tip in the polymer material is tracked.
As soon as the sample, for example the polyester sample, softens, a very slow penetration of the measuring tip into the material begins.
The penetration of the measuring tip can slow down again with increasing temperature and can also come to a complete standstill if the softened, initially amorphous polyester mass crystallizes.
In this case, when the temperature is increased further, a second softening range becomes apparent, which then changes to the "melting range" described below.

The "melting range" mentioned is a certain rather narrow temperature range which is characteristic of the material and in which there is a noticeable acceleration in the penetration of the measuring tip into the polyester material. A temperature point at which the measuring tip has reached a certain depth of penetration can then be defined as an easily reproducible melting point.
For the purposes of this invention, the melting point is defined as the temperature point (average of 5 measurements) at which a measuring tip with a circular contact surface of 1 mm ² and a contact weight of 0.5 g is placed in a polymer sample heated at 5 ° C./min, for example polyester sample , 1000 µm has penetrated.

Both for reasons of the manufacture of the pile fabric according to the invention and for reasons of a particularly advantageous distribution of the matrix material during the consolidation of the back (short flow paths), it is preferred that there is a thread closure between the filaments A and B and possibly C.
The thread closure between the filaments is necessary in order to form a thread body which can be processed in the manner of a yarn, ie which can be woven or knitted, for example, without individual filaments of the composite becoming detached from it or forming larger loops and thus disrupting the processing steps to lead.
The required thread closure can be brought about, for example, by imparting a so-called protective twist of, for example, 10 to 100 turns / m to the yarn, or by spot welding the filaments together. The required thread closure is preferably brought about by swirling in a jet nozzle, the filaments to be connected to a yarn being blown laterally in a narrow thread channel with a sharp gas jet. The degree of intermingling and thus the quality of the thread closure can be varied by the strength of the blowing.

Filaments A, B and possibly C of the multifilament hybrid yarn are preferably intermingled with one another, the degree of intermingling of the multifilament hybrid yarn appropriately corresponding to an opening length of 10 to 100 mm.

The degree of turbulence is characterized by the specification of the opening length, which is measured in accordance with the needle test method described in US Pat. No. 2,985,995 using an ITEMAT needle test device.

Further preferred features of the multifilament hybrid yarn, which can be present individually or in changing combinations depending on the application requirements or expediency, are that the filaments B are smooth, the multifilament hybrid yarn contains no accompanying filaments C, it has a total titer of 80 to 500 dtex, preferably 100 to 400 dtex, in particular 160 to 320 dtex, the higher-melting textured filaments A have a single-filament titer of 0.5 to 15 dtex, preferably 2 to 10 dtex, and the lower-melting filaments B have a single-filament titer of 1 up to 20 dtex, preferably from 3 to 15 dtex.

In the interest of a good textile quality of the pile fabric according to the invention, it is expedient to use a multifilament hybrid yarn whose high-melting textured filaments A have an initial modulus of 15 to 28 N / tex, preferably 20 to 25 N / tex, and a fineness-related maximum tensile force of over 25 cN / tex, preferably of more than 30 cN / tex, in particular of 30 to 40 cN / tex.

It has proven to be advantageous to use a back, which is also colored in darker shades, in particular in the manufacture of pile goods according to the invention with darker shades. If the back is significantly lighter than the pole, it can happen that when brushing over the pole or when laying the pile over structures with a small radius of curvature, the lighter back shines through the pole ("grinning through").
It is therefore preferred that the higher-melting textured filaments A are dyed, preferably spun-dyed.
The lower-melting filaments B can be spin-dyed, or preferably raw white, since it has been shown that the material of filament B is largely absorbed by the strands of filament A when the back is thermally solidified, and the overall dark color of filament A results.

It has been shown that, in addition to the multifilament hybrid yarn to be used according to the invention, other yarns can also be processed in the manufacture of the back. However, the proportion of the multifilament hybrid yarn in the back should expediently be at least 30%, preferably at least 75%, in particular 100%.

For most applications it is expedient that the basis weight of the pile fabric according to the invention is 100 to 1000 g / m ² , preferably 200 to 500 g / m ² and that the weight ratio of textile back to pile yarn in the raw fabric is in the range from 20:80 to 40 : 60 lies.

It is furthermore expedient for the handles to have a length of 1.0 to 6.0 mm, preferably 2.8 to 3.5 mm in the case of sheared plush, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 mm in the case of short-handled plush. to have.

As a rule, the pile fabric according to the invention meets the requirements for interior decoration material if the total titer of the pile yarn is 50 to 800 dtex, preferably 100 to 400 dtex.
The single filament titer of the pile yarn is normally 0.5 to 10 dtex, preferably 0.7 to 6 dtex, in particular 3 to 6 dtex.
With regard to the textile character of the pile goods according to the invention, it is preferred that the pile yarns are textured, preferably blown or false-wire textured.

The pile itself can consist of uncut pile yarn loops or cut pile yarn ends.

As already stated above, an embodiment of the pile fabric according to the invention is characterized in that the textile back consists of knitted fabric.
In this embodiment, the back of the pile fabric according to the invention can be knitted or knitted.
The knitted textile surfaces can be warp knitted or knitted.

A knitted or knitted back can have right / right, left / left or a right / left stitch structure and their known variants as well as jacquard patterns.
The right / right stitch structure includes, for example, their variants clad, openwork, ribbed, offset, wave, catch or nub as well as the interlock binding right / right / crossed.
The left / left mesh structure also includes, for example, their variants clad, broken, interrupted, offset, translated, catch or pimple. The right / left stitch structure also includes, for example, their variants plated, deposited, perforated, plush, lining, catch or pimple.

As also already stated above, a further embodiment of the pile fabric according to the invention is characterized in that the textile back is woven.
In principle, a woven backing can have all known fabric constructions, such as the plain weave and its derivatives, such as, for example, grosgrain, panama, barley grain or mock leno weave, or the twill weave and its multiple derivatives, of which only, for example, herringbone twill, flat twill, braided twill, grid twill, Cross twill, pointed twill, zigzag twill, shadow twill or shadow cross twill may be mentioned. (Because of the bond designations see DIN 61101)

The woven or knitted fabrics are selected according to the intended use of the textile material according to the invention, purely technical expediency being decisive, but occasionally decorative aspects can also be taken into account. The preferred stitch structure is the basic weave right / right, left / left or a right / left, the preferred weave is the plain weave, if necessary with simple derivatives without major floats.
The basic structures of the knitted fabric or fabric are preferred in each case.

The density of the back surface is dependent on the application for which the material is intended and the titer of the yarns used in the manufacture for fabrics in the range from 10 to 25 threads / cm, preferably from 14 to 20 threads / cm in warp and weft, in the case of knitwear with a corresponding stitch density of approx. 12 to 30 needles / inch, preferably 16 to 24 needles / inch. Within this range, the densities can of course be adapted to the intended application.

Depending on the requirements of the application and, in particular, the struc tured decor of the pile, at least 30%, preferably 60 to 100%, of the pile yarns have a pile yarn on a knitted back. For the same reason it can be expedient that not every warp and / or weft thread integrates pile knobs in a backing fabric. As a rule, 30%, preferably 60 to 100% of the warp and / or weft threads incorporate pile nubs in a backing fabric.

Through a specifically controlled integration of polen knobs in the back surface, very decorative plushes with interesting surface structures and decorations can be created. Such products are known under the name "structural plush".
The structure and manufacture of these decorative structural plushes, with a woven back or a back made of knitted fabric, will be explained below using a knitted back. The structure described can be applied analogously and analogously to polar goods with a woven back.
Because of the use of the multifilament hybrid yarn according to the invention, a three-dimensionally deformable pile fabric that can be heat-set also results with a woven back.

Such a particularly preferred, decorative plush construction consists of a knitted structural plush with high deformability, of base and handle yarns, which has filament yarns as handle yarns, which, based on a machine pitch of 18 or 20 needles per inch, have a total titer of 300-400 dtex , preferably 345-360 dtex, whose base yarn, based on a machine pitch of 18 or 20 needles per inch, has a total titer of 300 to 370 dtex, preferably 320-350 dtex, the individual titer of the filaments are greater than 1.5 dtex, preferably greater than 2.5 dtex, and whose basis weight is about 350 to 550 g / m ² , and whose base stitches do not contain any loop yarn in structural zones.

Structural zones in the sense of this invention are areas in which the knitted plush according to the invention has no handles.

The base yarns suitable for producing the structural plush also expediently also consist of synthetic filaments. Suitable filament materials for base and handle yarns are, for example, polyester, polyamide or polyacrylonitrile filaments; polyester filaments are preferred. If there are no special technical requirements for the use of different materials in handle and base yarn, it is preferred to use both polyester filament yarns.
All the filaments contained in the pile yarn expediently have a melting point which is at least 20 ° C., preferably at least 40 ° C., in particular at least 80 ° C. above the melting point of the filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn. If this is not the case for special reasons, care should be taken when consolidating the back of the pile fabric according to the invention that the heat treatment is limited to the back of the material, for example by heating the contact on a heating surface in order to avoid hardening of the pile yarn.

Textured yarns are preferred, especially for yarn and individual titers in the lower part of the specified titer range. It is particularly advantageous if base yarns are false-wire textured, handle yarns are false-wire or air-jet textured.
The structure plushes according to the invention can also consist of mixed yarns made of smooth and textured filaments or contain such yarns.

Suitable yarns in the titer range specified above are known, for example, under the trade names ®TREVIRA textured, in various types.

As stated above, the total titers given above for the base and handle yarns contained in the structural plush according to the invention relate to a stitch density corresponding to a machine pitch of 18 or 20 needles per inch. In the case of finer machine division, the titer of base and handle yarns are reduced accordingly.

The individual titer of the base and handle yarns are above 1.5 dtex and should expediently only exceed 5 dtex if the plush has special requirements. The titer selection within this range depends on the one hand on the desired properties of the structural plush according to the invention. Structural plushes made from yarns, in particular from handle yarns with single titers below 3 dtex, are softer, denser and more silky than those made from yarns with higher single titers. On the other hand, in addition to the quality and authenticity requirements, economic aspects must also be taken into account when selecting the titer. So, if there are no other requirements, it is advisable to use yarns with individual titers from 2.5 dtex to 5 dtex, in particular commercially available standard types.

For particularly high qualities and especially if a very attractive appearance and a pleasant grip are desired, it is preferred to use profile filaments such as to use those with an oval, dumbbell-shaped or ribbon-shaped cross-section, which can also have one or more constrictions, or triangular, triple-lobed (trilobal) - and especially eight-lobed (octolobal) - profiles.

The proportion of handles in the structural plush according to the invention is 40-75%, preferably 45-60%, in particular approximately 50%, depending on the design. The "handle portion" in question here is the portion in% of the handles present in the repeat to the number of the maximum possible handles on the same surface of the base material with full plush. $$\text{Handle share [\%] =}\frac{\text{Number of handles present in the repeat x 100}\hfill }{\text{Number of the maximum possible handles with full plush}\hfill }$$

While in conventional knitted plushes the weight fraction of the base material is about 25-28% by weight of the total weight, the weight fraction of the base material in the structural plush according to the invention is due to the high titer both in the handle and in the base yarn and because of its very compact structure described above 40-45% by weight and, depending on the design (ie with a lower percentage of handles), can also be higher.

To design the surface design, the stitches of the basic fabric can be combined with handles in a pattern, which is achieved by appropriate jacquard-like needle selection of the knitting machine, or empty rows of handles, i.e. complete basic series are available without handles.

For example, 1 to 5 rows of handles can be followed by one or two rows without handles (cross rib effect). Patterns with a fabric-like character can also be produced in this way. Designs produced in this way, which have longitudinal and / or transverse and / or diagonal alleys, which act as a type of ventilation ducts, contribute significantly to the seating comfort when these structural plushes are used as seat covers.

The structural plushes according to the invention have due to the above-mentioned features, in particular the high density of the base fabric, the high yarn strength in the base and handle yarn and the high pile density achieved with this, but also due to any additional stabilizing equipment used and the resultant very good pole position, even with critical designs, very good stability.

It is particularly important in terms of application technology that, despite the very compact, dense construction of the goods, the extensibility and the reversible and irreversible deformability of the structural plush according to the invention can still be adapted within wide limits to the application technology requirements by adjusting the knitting machine (material strength), the choice of elasticity and / or crimping of the base yarn and / or post-treatment of the structural plush, for example by one adapted to the desired deformability Shrinking treatment.
The stretch is adjusted according to the extent of the deformation necessary in the further processing into three-dimensionally shaped objects, such as seat covers or special deep-drawn cladding elements, for example in a car interior.
Due to the free adjustability of the stretch, the structural plushes according to the invention, in addition to the simpler production, also have an additional quality advantage over the almost or completely inelastic fabrics made of flock yarns. In the latter, a certain deformability can only be achieved by complex constructions using special yarns with high elasticity.

The pole of the structural plush according to the invention is preferably sheared to about 1 to 3 mm. This results in the further economic advantage that the excellent pile position caused by the high strength of base and handle yarns enables economical shearing and thus to the economically very desirable reduction in shear loss, which according to the prior art is about 20 to 30% by weight. -%, but only 10 to 15% by weight in the structural plush according to the invention, contributes.
By setting a low pile height, a flocked fabric look can also be created with the structural plush according to the invention.

The high density of the base material of the structural plush according to the invention has the further advantage that it has a significantly reduced penetrability for molding compositions and is therefore used with particular advantage in molding processes which work with direct back-injection or back-foaming, in many cases without the otherwise necessary penetration-blocking under lamination can.

As stated above, the back of the pile fabric according to the invention is produced from a multifilament hybrid yarn which has higher-melting (A) and lower-melting filaments (B), the melting points having to have a certain, process-related minimum distance, and the filaments A are textured. These characteristics are necessary but also sufficient in order to impart the deformability and the ability to thermoset the inventive pile goods and the back carrying them.

It applies to filaments A of the multifilament hybrid yarn that they should melt above 180 ° C., preferably above 220 ° C., in particular above 250 ° C. In principle, they can consist of all spinnable materials that meet these requirements. Suitable are therefore both semi-synthetic materials, such as filaments made from regenerated cellulose or cellulose acetate, and synthetic filaments, which are particularly preferred because of the possibility of varying their mechanical and chemical properties over a wide range.
In principle, filaments A can consist of high-performance polymers, such as polymers that deliver filaments with very little initial modulus and very high tensile strength (= fineness-related maximum tensile strength) with little or no stretching, possibly after a heat treatment after the spinning process. Such filaments are described in detail in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th edition (1989), volume A13, pages 1 to 21 and volume 21, pages 449 to 456. They consist, for example, of liquid-crystalline polyesters (LPC), polybenzimidazole (PBI), Polyether ketone (PEK), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether imides (PEI), polyether sulfone (PESU), aramids such as poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA), poly (m-phenylene terephthalamide) (PMTA), or poly (phenylene sulfide) ) (PPS).
As a rule, however, the use of such high-performance fibers is not necessary and, in view of the requirements for the strength of the backing material of the pile fabric according to the invention, is also not appropriate.
The filaments A therefore advantageously consist of regenerated or modified cellulose, higher-melting polyamides (PA), such as 6-PA or 6,6-PA, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, modacrylic polymers, polycarbonate, but especially of polyesters. Polyesters are particularly suitable as raw material for filaments A because it is possible to vary the chemical, mechanical and other physical properties relevant to the application, in particular, for example, the melting point, in a relatively simple manner by modifying the polyester chain.

As the polymer material from which the lower melting filaments (B) are made, it is also expedient to consider spinnable polymers such as e.g. Vinyl polymers such as polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene, polybutene, lower melting polyamides such as e.g. 11-PA or alicyclic polyamides (e.g. the product obtainable by condensation of 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane and decanecarboxylic acids), but especially here also modified polyesters with a reduced melting point

The pile yarns largely determine the textile character of the pile goods according to the invention. They can consist of all fiber and filament materials commonly used to manufacture the pile of pile goods, eg plushes. The pile yarns can consist of spun fibers made of natural fiber materials, such as cotton or wool, or of semi-synthetic fiber materials, or also of synthetic fibers and filaments. Blends of natural and synthetic fibers can also be present in the pile yarn if this meets the requirements of the end user.
The pile yarns are usually dyed, for example spun-dyed, and yarns of different colors are often processed to achieve certain decorative effects.
The pile yarns are preferably textured.
As already stated above, it is particularly expedient that the higher-melting textured filaments A are polyester filaments, and that it is particularly advantageous if the lower-melting filaments B also consist of modified polyester with a reduced melting point.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pile yarn consists of the same class of polymer as the back yarns. It is particularly preferred that the pile yarn is a polyester yarn.

It is preferred that all the filaments contained in the pile yarn have a melting point which is at least 20 ° C., preferably at least 40 ° C., in particular at least 80 ° C. above the melting point of filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn. If this condition is not met, the pole can move to the consolidate and stiffen the thermal consolidation of the back and thus lose its textile character, unless the heat setting of the back is carried out in such a way that only the back assumes the temperature required for consolidation, for example through contact heating of the back.

If the back yarns and the pile yarn consist essentially of the same polymer class, there are considerable advantages in the disposal of the used material. Such a single-product can namely be recycled in a particularly simple manner, e.g. by simply melting and regranulating.

If the polymer material of the back and pole is polyester, there is also the possibility of using the used products e.g. to obtain valuable raw materials for the renewed production of polyesters through alcoholysis. For the purposes of this invention, polyesters are also copolyesters which are composed of more than one type of dicarboxylic acid residue and / or more than one type of diol residue.

A polyester from which the fiber materials of the pile fabric according to the invention are made consists of at least 70 mol%, based on the totality of all polyester assemblies, of assemblies which are derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and from aliphatic diols, and
to a maximum of 30 mol%, based on the totality of all polyester assemblies, from dicarboxylic acid assemblies which are different from the aromatic dicarboxylic acid assemblies which form the majority of the dicarboxylic acid assemblies or from araliphatic dicarboxylic acids with one or more, preferably one or two condensed or uncondensed aromatic nuclei, or derived from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with a total of 4 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms
and diol assemblies, which are derived from branched and / or longer-chain diols having 3 to 10, preferably 3 to 6, C atoms, or of cyclic diols, or of diols containing ether groups, or, if present in small quantities, of polyglycol derive a molecular weight of approx. 500 - 2000.

A¹

aromatische Reste mit 5 bis 12, vorzugsweise 6 bis 10 C-Atomen

A²

von A¹ verschiedene aromatische Reste oder araliphatische Reste mit 5 bis 16, vorzugsweise 6 bis 12 C-Atomen oder aliphatische Reste mit 2 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise 4 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen,

A³

aromatische Reste mit 5 bis 12, vorzugsweise 6 bis 10 C-Atomen

D¹

Alkylen- oder Polymethylengruppen mit 2 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Cycloalkan- oder Dimethylen-cycloalkangruppen mit 6 bis 10 C-Atomen,

D²

von D¹ verschiedene Alkylen- oder Polymethylengruppen mit 3 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Cycloalkan- oder Dimethylencycloalkangruppen mit 6 bis 10 C-Atomen oder geradkettige oder verzweigte Alkandiyl-Gruppen mit 4 bis 16, vorzugsweise 4 bis 8, C-Atomen oder Reste der Formel -(C₂H₄-O)_m-C₂H₄-, worin m eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 40 bedeutet, wobei m = 1 oder 2 für Anteile bis zu 20 Mol.-% bevorzugt sind und Gruppen mit m = 10 bis 40 vorzugsweise nur in Anteilen von unter 5 Mol.-% vorhanden sind, bedeuten,

wobei die Anteile der Grundbausteine I und III und der Modifizierungsbausteine II, IV und V im Rahmen der oben angegebenen Bereiche so gewählt werden, daß sich der gewünschte Schmelzpunkt des Polyesters ergibt.In detail, the polyester of the core, based on the entirety of all polyester assemblies, is made of
35 to 50 mol% of assemblies of the formula -CO-A ¹ -CO- (I)
0 to 15 mol% of assemblies of the formula -CO-A ² -CO- (II)
35 to 50 mol% of assemblies of the formula -OD ¹ -O- (III)
0 to 15 mol% of assemblies of the formula -OD ² -O- (IV)
and 0 to 25 mol% of assemblies of the formula -OA ³ -CO- (V)
built up in what

A ¹

aromatic radicals with 5 to 12, preferably 6 to 10, carbon atoms

A ²

A ¹ of various aromatic radicals or araliphatic radicals having 5 to 16, preferably 6 to 12 C-atoms or aliphatic radicals having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms,

A ³

aromatic radicals with 5 to 12, preferably 6 to 10, carbon atoms

D ¹

Alkylene or polymethylene groups with 2 to 4 carbon atoms or cycloalkane or dimethylene-cycloalkane groups with 6 to 10 C atoms,

D ²

of D ^1, various alkylene or polymethylene groups having 3 to 4 carbon atoms or cycloalkane or Dimethylencycloalkangruppen having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or straight-chain or branched alkanediyl groups having 4 to 16, preferably 4 to 8, carbon atoms or radicals of the formula - (C ₂ H ₄ -O) _m -C ₂ H ₄ -, in which m is an integer from 1 to 40, where m = 1 or 2 are preferred for proportions up to 20 mol% and groups with m = 10 up to 40 are preferably present only in proportions of less than 5 mol%,

the proportions of the basic building blocks I and III and the modification building blocks II, IV and V being chosen within the ranges specified above in such a way that the desired melting point of the polyester is obtained.

The pile goods according to the invention, whose fiber materials consist of such polyesters, in particular of polyethylene terephthalate, are not easy to inflame.

worin R Alkylen oder Polymethylen mit 2 bis 6 C-Atomen oder Phenyl und R¹ Alkyl mit 1 bis 6 C-Atomen, Aryl oder Aralkyl bedeutet, einkondensiert enthalten. Vorzugsweise bedeuten in der Formel VI R Ethylen und R¹ Methyl, Ethyl, Phenyl, oder o-, m- oder p-Methyl-phenyl, insbesondere Methyl.Flame retardancy can be increased by using flame retardant modified polyesters. Such flame-retardant modified polyesters are known. They contain additions of halogen compounds, in particular bromine compounds, or, which is particularly advantageous, they contain phosphorus compounds which are condensed into the polyester chain. Particularly preferred, flame-retardant pile goods according to the invention contain yarns made of polyester in the back and / or pile, which in the chain are components of the formula

wherein R is alkylene or polymethylene with 2 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl and R ^{1 is} alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl or aralkyl, contained in condensed form. In the formula VI, R preferably denotes ethylene and R ¹ denotes methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or o-, m- or p-methylphenyl, in particular methyl.

The components of the formula VI are advantageously contained in the polyester chain up to 15 mol%, preferably 1 to 10 mol%.

It is of particular advantage if the polyesters used do not contain more than 60 meq / kg, preferably less than 30 meq / kg, blocked carboxyl end groups and less than 5 meq / kg, preferably less than 2 meq / kg, in particular less than 1.5 meq / kg, has free carboxyl end groups.
Preferably, therefore, the polyester z. B. by reaction with mono-, bis- and / or polycarbodiimides blocked carboxyl end groups.
In a further hydrolysis stability, which also lasts for longer periods of time, the polyester of the core and the polyester of the polyester mixture of the jacket have a maximum of 200 ppm, preferably a maximum of 50 ppm, in particular 0 to 20 ppm, mono- and / or biscarbodiimides and 0, 02 to 0.6% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by weight of free polycarbodiimide with an average molecular weight of 2,000 to 15,000, preferably of 5,000 to 10,000. In addition to the polymer materials, the polyesters of the yarns contained in the pile fabric according to the invention can contain up to 10% by weight of non-polymeric substances, such as modification additives, fillers, matting agents, color pigments, dyes, stabilizers, such as UV absorbers, antioxidants, hydrolysis and light - And contain temperature stabilizers and / or processing aids.

The invention also relates to the solidified pile goods described above, i.e. those in which the lower-melting filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn of the textile back form at least partially a matrix which connects the higher-melting textured filaments of the multifilament hybrid yarn to one another and to the pile yarn in the region of the back plane.

A special characteristic of this material is that not only is the back solidified by at least partial matrix formation of filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn of the back, but surprisingly the strength of the binding of the pile yarn in the back is higher than its maximum tensile strength.

die Filamente A

texturiert sind und einen Schmelzpunkt über 180°C, vorzugsweise über 220°C insbesondere über 250°C haben,

die Filamente B

glatt sind und einen Schmelzpunkt unter 220°C, vorzugsweise unter 200°C, insbesondere unter 180°C haben,

der Schmelzpunkt der Filamente B mindestens 20°C, vorzugsweise mindestens 40°C, insbesondere mindestens 80°C unter dem Schmelzpunkt der Filamente A liegt, und
das Gewichtsverhältnis der Filamente A:B im Bereich von 20:80 bis 80:20, vorzugsweise von 40:60 bis 60:40 liegt und das Multifilament-Hybridgarn noch bis zu 40 Gew.-% Begleitfilamente C enthält.Another object of the present invention is a multifilament hybrid yarn consisting of at least 2 types A and B of filaments and optionally accompanying filaments C, characterized in that

the filaments A

are textured and have a melting point above 180 ° C., preferably above 220 ° C., in particular above 250 ° C.

the filaments B

are smooth and have a melting point below 220 ° C., preferably below 200 ° C., in particular below 180 ° C.

the melting point of filaments B is at least 20 ° C., preferably at least 40 ° C., in particular at least 80 ° C. below the melting point of filaments A, and
the weight ratio of the filaments A: B is in the range from 20:80 to 80:20, preferably from 40:60 to 60:40 and the multifilament hybrid yarn still contains up to 40% by weight of accompanying filaments C.

die Filamente A

texturiert sind und einen Schmelzpunkt über 180°C, vorzugsweise über 220°C insbesondere über 250°C haben,

die Filamente B

einen Schmelzpunkt unter 220°C, vorzugsweise unter 200°C, insbesondere unter 180°C haben,

der Schmelzpunkt der Filamente B mindestens 20°C, vorzugsweise mindestens 40°C, insbesondere mindestens 80°C unter dem Schmelzpunkt der Filamente A liegt, und
das Gewichtsverhältnis der Filamente A:B im Bereich von 20:80 bis 80:20, vorzugsweise von 40:60 bis 60:40 liegt und das Multifilament-Hybridgarn noch bis zu 40 Gew.-% Begleitfilamente C enthält.Another object of the present invention is a method for producing a pile material to be thermally consolidated from a textile back made of knitted fabric or fabric and pile yarns forming a handle, by weaving, knitting or knitting a fabric, a knitted fabric or a knitted fabric with integrated handles or by weaving , Knitting or knitting a double woven fabric, double knitted fabric or double knitted fabric, the two textile surfaces being connected to one another by handle yarns, and then separating the two textile surfaces in such a way that two single-lane pile fabrics, knitted fabrics or knitted fabrics are formed, which is characterized in that
at least 30%, preferably at least 75%, of the yarn fed to the loom, the knitting machine or the knitting machine for forming the textile back surfaces of the pile fabric is a multifilament hybrid yarn consisting of at least 2 types A and B of filaments and possibly accompanying filaments C. , in which

the filaments A

are textured and have a melting point above 180 ° C., preferably above 220 ° C., in particular above 250 ° C.

the filaments B

have a melting point below 220 ° C., preferably below 200 ° C., in particular below 180 ° C.,

the melting point of filaments B is at least 20 ° C., preferably at least 40 ° C., in particular at least 80 ° C. below the melting point of filaments A, and
the weight ratio of the filaments A: B is in the range from 20:80 to 80:20, preferably from 40:60 to 60:40 and the multifilament hybrid yarn still contains up to 40% by weight of accompanying filaments C.

Then the pile fabric, knitted fabric or knitted obtained Solidifying heat treatment, which is also an, if necessary integral, part of the method according to the invention, is subjected to a temperature at which the lower-melting filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn soften. The solidified pile fabric thus produced is also the subject of the present invention.

The temperature of the final heat treatment and the duration of the treatment depend on the desired degree of solidification and the melting point of the filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn.
As a rule, the heat treatment is carried out at 100 to 200 ° C., preferably at 120 to 180 ° C.

In practice, it has proven to be very advantageous to pre-fix the raw fabric of the pile fabric, knitted fabric or knitted fabric produced on the tenter frame by heat treatment at a relatively low temperature, for example by steaming.
This reduces the tendency to roll up the raw material, it becomes more common for the further processing steps, the pole is better integrated (handle stabilization) and thus better withstands mechanical tensile loads. A particular advantage associated with the pre-fixing is that no lamination is required to force the flatness and there is little or no edge waste.

It is therefore preferred that the raw fabric of the pile fabric, knitted fabric or knitted fabric is pre-fixed on the tenter.
Multi-filament hybrid yarns whose filaments B are smooth are preferably used to form the back.

Furthermore, the process is controlled in accordance with the requirements of practical application so that the basis weight of the pile goods is 100 to 1000 g / m ² , preferably 200 to 500 g / m ² and the running-in ratio of back yarn to pile yarn is in the range from 20:80 to 40: 60 lies.

Depending on the desired pile density and pattern, the control is carried out in such a way that in the case of a back made of knitted fabric, at least 30%, preferably 60 to 100% of the stitches have pile yarns, in the case of a back fabric 30%, preferably 60 to 100%, of the warp and / or weft threads Integrate the pimples.

The preferred knitted structural plush according to the invention is produced by knitting a base and a handle yarn, equipping the knitted fabric and shearing the pile, and is characterized in that a multifilament hybrid yarn described above is used for the formation of the back and knitting on knitting machines with systematically separate incorporation of base and handle yarns and jacquard-like needle selection and a machine pitch of 18, 20 or 24 needles per inch, preferably 18 or 20 needles / inch, with polyester filament yarns being used as handle yarns, which, based on a Machine pitches of 18 or 20, a total titer of 300-400 dtex, preferably 345-360 dtex, have base yarns which, based on a machine pitch of 18 or 20 needles / inch, have a total titer of 300 to 370 dtex, preferably 320 - 350 dtex, have that the individual titers of the filaments are larger than 1.5 dtex, preferably greater than 2.5 dtex, and that knitting is carried out on a basis weight of about 350 to 550 g / m ² .
The pile fabric according to the invention thus obtained, which is to be consolidated by a heat treatment, can be converted into a bonded pile fabric according to the invention by the heat treatment described above.

The yarn selection and the selection of the individual titers of the base and handle yarns are based on the criteria specified above.

In the structural plush according to the invention, the proportion of handles is adjusted to 40-70% depending on the design and is thus clearly below the proportion of handles of known plushes.

Special designs can be created using either jacquard-like selection or empty rows of handles. For example, 1 to 5 Rows of handles follow one or two rows without handles.

Patterns with a fabric-like character and designs that have longitudinal, transverse and / or diagonal streets can also be produced in this way.

The pattern selection is mainly based on aesthetic considerations. As already explained above, typical surfaces similar to fabric velor can also be set.
The visual impression of the structured plush is strongly influenced by a suitable choice of color in the bottom and handle yarn; Color contrasts emphasize the structural character, especially when the base and handle yarn have contrasting colors.

This structural plush according to the invention is equipped in a manner known per se in such a way that a clean pole and a high-contrast appearance are created.

die Filamente A

texturiert sind und einen Schmelzpunkt über 180°C, vorzugsweise über 220°C insbesondere über 250°C haben,

die Filamente B

einen Schmelzpunkt unter 220°C, vorzugsweise unter 200°C, insbesondere unter 180°C haben,

der Schmelzpunkt der Filamente B mindestens 20°C, vorzugsweise mindestens 40°C, insbesondere mindestens 80°C unter dem Schmelzpunkt der Filamente A liegt, und
das Gewichtsverhältnis der Filamente A:B im Bereich von 20:80 bis 80:20, vorzugsweise von 40:60 bis 60:40 liegt und das Multifilament-Hybridgarn noch bis zu 40 Gew.-% Begleitfilamente C enthält.The present invention also relates to a method for producing a multifilament hybrid yarn by mixing at least two yarns A and B and possibly further accompanying yarns C and then performing a thread-closing operation, characterized in that

the filaments A

are textured and have a melting point above 180 ° C., preferably above 220 ° C., in particular above 250 ° C.

the filaments B

have a melting point below 220 ° C., preferably below 200 ° C., in particular below 180 ° C.,

the melting point of filaments B is at least 20 ° C., preferably at least 40 ° C., in particular at least 80 ° C. below the melting point of filaments A, and
the weight ratio of the filaments A: B is in the range from 20:80 to 80:20, preferably from 40:60 to 60:40 and the multifilament hybrid yarn still contains up to 40% by weight of accompanying filaments C.

The thread closure operation is preferably carried out by air jet swirling. Furthermore, it is preferred that no accompanying filaments C are used in the production of the multifilament hybrid yarn.

In the preferred embodiment, the pile fabric according to the invention is single-variety and therefore has the advantages already described above for disposal or recycling. In addition, the present invention provides further advantages, namely the saving of a lamination before further processing, the possibility of stiffening the back to such an extent that it can be compacted so that direct back injection, e.g. with molded foams is possible without the foam breaking through to the pole side. It is particularly advantageous that the pile fabric, even when its back is woven, has a very good three-dimensional deformability, which results from the use of the multifilament hybrid yarn described in the manufacture of the back.

The following exemplary embodiments illustrate the production of the multifilament hybrid yarn according to the invention and its use in the production of unstructured and structured (structured plush) pile goods.

example 1 Production of the base yarn used for the back:

A hybrid yarn is produced by dubbing a yarn 110 dtex f 32, spin-dyed, textured, from unmodified polyethylene terephthalate (raw material melting point 265 ° C) (®TREVIRA Type 536) with a yarn 140 dtex f 24 made from isophthalic acid-modified polyethylene terephthalate (raw material melting point 110 to 120 ° C) and swirling together in a swirling nozzle operated at an air pressure of 2 bar, the deeply melting yarn remaining essentially smooth.

Example 2

A knitted fabric is produced on a circular knitting machine type MCPE with jacquard device with 20 needles / inch and 26 "cylinder diameter, and 3.5 mm sinkers. A percentage of the handle is set at a running-in ratio of handle yarn / base yarn of 75%: 25%.
Binding: two-tone jacquard, 14 full rows with base yarn, 28 rows of handles. A multifilament hybrid yarn obtained according to the description in Example 1 and textured polyester yarn ®TREVIRA with a titer 84 f 24 X 2 with octalobal cross-section are used as the base yarn.

The knitted tube obtained in this way is cut as usual to form a knitted fabric with a width of 172 cm and a weight per unit area of 380 g / m ² . The raw goods are placed on a stenter at max. Steamed 120 ° C, with a pre-stabilization. Then the goods are shorn (2 passages), washed (wide wash 50 ° C), dried at 150 ° C on a frame and fixed and finished.
The finished product has a product width of 165 cm and a weight per unit area of 330 g / m ² .
The use of the multifilament hybrid yarn means that the usual edge trimming and gluing is not necessary because the goods lie perfectly flat.

Example 3

A knitted fabric is produced on a circular knitting machine with jacquard device with 20 needles / inch and 26 "cylinder diameter, and 3.5 mm sinkers. A percentage of the handle is set at 50% with a shrinkage ratio of handle yarn / basic yarn of 55%: 45%. where the handles are knitted in a check pattern of 3 X 6 stitches.
The base yarn used is that obtained in analogy to the description in Example 1 (starting yarns are: higher-melting type: multifilament yarn dtex 220 f 40 made of polyethylene terephalate, melting point 265 ° C; lower-melting type: multifilament yarn dtex 140 f 24 made of isophthalic acid-modified polyethylene terephthalate, melting point 110 ° C) multifilament , a polyester yarn ®TREVIRA textured with titer 167 f 48 X 2 (octal) is used as the handle yarn.

The knitted tube obtained in this way is cut as usual to form a knitted fabric with a width of 182 cm and a weight per unit area of 489 g / m ² . The raw goods are placed on a stenter at max. Steamed 120 ° C, with a pre-stabilization. Then the goods are shorn (2 passages), washed (wide wash 50 ° C), dried at 150 ° C on a frame and fixed and finished.
The finished product has a width of 170 cm and a weight per unit area of 446g / m ² . The shear loss is 10.4%.

Example 4

A knitted fabric is produced on a circular knitting machine with a jacquard device with 20 needles / inch and 26 "cylinder diameter and 3.5 mm sinkers. A percentage of the handle is set at 72% with a shrinkage ratio of handle yarn / base yarn of 61.5%: 38.5%, whereby an oblique jacquard pattern is set for the handle portion.
The base yarn used is that obtained in analogy to the description in Example 1 (starting yarns are: higher-melting type: multifilament yarn dtex 220 f 40 made of polyethylene terephalate, melting point 265 ° C; lower-melting type: multifilament yarn dtex 140 f 24 made of isophthalic acid-modified polyethylene terephthalate, melting point 110 ° C) multifilament , a polyester yarn ®TREVIRA Velor, PMC with titer 110 f 32 X 3 is used as the handle yarn.

The raw goods are placed on a stenter at max. Steamed 120 ° C, with a pre-stabilization.
Then the goods are shorn (2 passages), washed (wide wash 50 ° C), dried at 150 ° C on a frame and fixed and finished.
The finished product has a basis weight of 435g / m ² . The shear loss is 13.3%.

Example 5

A knitted fabric is produced on a circular knitting machine with a jacquard device with 20 needles / inch and 26 "cylinder diameter, and 3.5 mm sinkers. A percentage of the handle is set at a running-in ratio of Handle yarn / basic yarn of 58%: 42%, where the handles are knitted in a check pattern of 3 X 6 stitches.
The base yarn used is that obtained in analogy to the description in Example 1 (starting yarns are: higher-melting type: multifilament yarn dtex 220 f 40 made of polyethylene terephalate, melting point 265 ° C; lower-melting type: multifilament yarn dtex 140 f 24 made of isophthalic acid-modified polyethylene terephthalate, melting point 110 ° C) multifilament , a polyester yarn ®TREVIRA Jet-Tex with titer 365 f 128 is used as the handle yarn.
The knitted tube obtained in this way is cut as usual to form a knitted fabric with a width of 180 cm and a weight per unit area of 518 g / m ² . The raw goods are placed on a stenter at max. Steamed 120 ° C, with a pre-stabilization. Then the goods are shorn (2 passages), washed (wide wash 50 ° C), dried at 150 ° C on a frame and fixed and finished.
The finished goods have a width of 170 cm and a weight of 506g / m ² . The shear loss is 11.4%.

Claims (43)

Polware made of a textile back made of knitted fabric or fabric and integrated pile-forming pile yarns, the textile back of which consists of a multifilament hybrid yarn of at least 2 types A and B of filaments and, if necessary, accompanying filaments C, characterized in that
the filaments A
are textured and have a melting point above 180 ° C,
the filaments B
have a melting point below 220 ° C,
the melting point of filament B is at least 20 ° C. below the melting point of filament A, and
the weight ratio of the filaments A: B is in the range from 20:80 to 80:20 and the multifilament hybrid yarn still contains up to 40% by weight of accompanying filaments C. Polware according to claim 1, characterized in that it is three-dimensionally deformable. Pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the higher melting textured filaments A of the multifilament hybrid yarn have a crimp of 3 to 50%, preferably 8 to 30%. Polware according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that its back can be strengthened by heat treatment. Pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the filaments A of the multifilament hybrid yarn have a melting point of 220 to 300 ° C, preferably 240-280 ° C. Pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn have a melting point of 110 to 220 ° C, preferably of 150 to 200 ° C. Pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that there is a thread closure between the filaments A and B of the multifilament hybrid yarn and possibly C. Pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the multifilament hybrid yarn has no accompanying filaments C. Pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the multifilament hybrid yarn has a total denier of 80 to 500 dtex, preferably 100 to 400 dtex, in particular 160 to 320 dtex, and the higher-melting textured filaments A of the multifilament Hybrid yarns have a single filament titer from 0.5 to 15 dtex, preferably from 2 to 10 dtex, and the lower-melting filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn have a single filament titer from 1 to 20 dtex, preferably from 3 to 15 dtex. Pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the higher-melting textured filaments A of the multifilament hybrid yarn are dyed. Polware according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that its basis weight is 100 to 1000 g / m2, preferably 200 to 500 g / m2. Pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the weight ratio of textile back to pile yarn in the raw fabric is in the range from 20:80 to 40:60. Pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the total titer of the pile yarn is 50 to 800 dtex, preferably 100 to 400 dtex. Pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the single filament titer of the pile yarn is 0.5 to 10 dtex, preferably 0.7 to 6 dtex. Polware according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that back yarns and pile yarn consist of the same class of polymer, preferably of polyester. Pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that all the filaments contained in the pile yarn have a melting point which is at least 20 ° C, preferably at least 40 ° C, in particular at least 80 ° C above the melting point of filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn . Pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the pile consists of cut pile yarn ends. Pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that at least 30%, preferably 60 to 100% of the stitches or the warp and / or weft threads incorporate pile yarns. Polware according to at least one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it has a knitted back and structural decor and that it has filament yarns as handle yarns which, based on a machine pitch of 18 or 20 needles per inch, have a total denier of 300-400 dtex have, whose base yarn, based on a machine pitch of 18 or 20 needles per inch, has a total titer of 300 to 370 dtex, the individual titer of the filaments being greater than 1.5 dtex, the basis weight of which is approximately 350 to 550 g / m ² , and its Basic stitches in structural zones do not contain any handle yarn. Polware according to at least one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that yarns made from profile filaments with an oval, dumbbell-shaped or ribbon-shaped cross-section, which can also have one or more constrictions, or triangular, triple-lobed (trilobal) - and especially eight-lap (octolobal) - Profiles are used. Polware according to at least one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the handle portion is approximately 40 to 73 percent. Polware according to at least one of claims 15 to 21, characterized in that the polyester contains at least 70 mol%, based on the totality of all polyester assemblies, of assemblies which are derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic diols, and a maximum of 30 mol %, based on the totality of all polyester assemblies, from dicarboxylic acid assemblies which are different from the aromatic dicarboxylic acid assemblies which form the majority of the dicarboxylic acid assemblies or from araliphatic dicarboxylic acids with one or more, preferably one or two, condensed or uncondensed aromatic nuclei, or derived from cyclic or acyclic aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with a total of 4 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and diol assemblies which are derived from branched and / or longer-chain diols with 3 to 10, preferably 3 to 6, carbon atoms, or of cyclic diols, or ether groups aging diols, or, if present in small quantities, derived from polyglycol with a molecular weight of approx. 500 - 2000. Polware according to at least one of Claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the polyester contains structural units of the formula VI,

wherein R is alkylene or polymethylene with 2 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl, preferably ethylene, and R ^{1 is} alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl or aralkyl, preferably methyl, contained in condensed form. Pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the back is solidified by at least partial matrix formation of the filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn of the back. Pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the strength of the binding of the pile yarn in the back is higher than its maximum tensile force. Multifilament hybrid yarn consisting of at least 2 types A and B of filaments and possibly accompanying filaments C, characterized in that
the filaments A
are textured and have a melting point above 180 ° C,
the filaments B
are smooth and have a melting point below 220 ° C,
the melting point of filament B is at least 20 ° C. below the melting point of filament A, and
the weight ratio of the filaments A: B is in the range from 20:80 to 80:20 and the multifilament hybrid yarn still contains up to 40% by weight of accompanying filaments C. Multifilament hybrid yarn according to Claim 26, characterized in that the higher-melting textured filaments A have a crimp of 3 to 50%, preferably 8 to 30%, in particular 10 to 22%. Multifilament hybrid yarn according to at least one of Claims 26 and 27, characterized in that the filaments A have a melting point of 220 to 300 ° C, preferably 240-280 ° C. Multifilament hybrid yarn according to at least one of Claims 26 to 28, characterized in that the filaments B have a melting point of 110 to 220 ° C, preferably 150 to 200 ° C. Multifilament hybrid yarn according to at least one of Claims 26 to 29, characterized in that there is a thread closure between filaments A and B and possibly C. Multifilament hybrid yarn according to at least one of Claims 26 to 30, characterized in that the multifilament hybrid yarn contains no accompanying filaments C. A process for producing a pile fabric from a textile back made of knitted fabric or woven fabric and integrated pile-forming pile yarns, by weaving, knitting or knitting a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a knitted fabric with tied handles or by weaving, knitting or knitting a double fabric, double knitted fabric or double knitted fabric the two textile surfaces are connected to one another by handle yarns, and then separating the two textile surfaces in such a way that two single-lane pile fabrics, knitted fabrics or knitted fabrics are formed, characterized in that
at least 30%, preferably at least 75%, of the yarn fed to the loom, the knitting machine or the knitting machine for forming the textile back surfaces of the pile fabric is a multifilament hybrid yarn consisting of at least 2 types A and B of filaments and possibly accompanying filaments C. , in which
the filaments A
are textured and have a melting point above 180 ° C., preferably above 220 ° C., in particular above 250 ° C.
the filaments B
have a melting point below 220 ° C., preferably below 200 ° C., in particular below 180 ° C.,
the melting point of filaments B is at least 20 ° C., preferably at least 40 ° C., in particular at least 80 ° C. below the melting point of filaments A, and
the weight ratio of the filaments A: B is in the range from 20:80 to 80:20, preferably from 40:60 to 60:40, and the multifilament hybrid yarn still contains up to 40% by weight of accompanying filaments C. A method according to claim 32, characterized in that the pile fabric, knitted fabric or knitted fabric is subjected to a solidifying heat treatment at a temperature at which the lower melting filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn soften. Method according to at least one of claims 32 and 33, characterized in that the heat treatment is carried out at 100 to 200 ° C. Method according to at least one of claims 32 to 34, characterized in that the raw fabric of the pile fabric, knitted fabric or knitted fabric is pre-fixed on the tenter frame. A method according to at least one of claims 32 to 35, characterized in that the back is knitted and the knitting is carried out on knitting machines with systematically separate incorporation of base and handle yarns and jacquard-like needle selection and a machine division of 18, 20 or 24 needles per inch, polyester filament yarns are used as the handle yarns, which, based on a machine division of 18 or 20, have a total titer of 300-400 dtex, that base yarns are used which, based on a machine division of 18 or 20 needles / inch, have a total titer of 300 to 370 dtex have that the individual titer of the filaments are larger than 1.5 dtex, and that it is knitted to a basis weight of about 350 to 550 g / m ² . A process for producing a multifilament hybrid yarn by combining and mixing a higher-melting (A) and a lower-melting (B) filament yarn, characterized in that yarns A and B are fed to a swirling nozzle, a yarn A being used, the filaments of which are textured and one Have a melting point above 180 ° C,
a yarn B is used whose filaments are smooth and one
Have a melting point below 220 ° C, where
the melting point of the filaments B is at least 20 ° C. below the
Filament A is melting point, and
the filaments A and B are fed in the weight ratio A: B in the range from 20:80 to 80:20 and up to 40% by weight of accompanying filaments C are also fed. A method according to claim 37, characterized in that the thread closure operation consists of an air jet swirl. Method according to at least one of claims 37 and 38, characterized in that no accompanying filaments C are used. Use of the pile of claim 1 for textile interior design Use according to claim 40 for the manufacture of seat covers and seats. Use according to at least one of claims 40 and 41 for the production of interior linings and for interior lining. Use according to at least one of claims 40 to 42 in vehicle construction.