EP0662703B1 - Steuerbarer thermionischer Elektronenemitter - Google Patents
Steuerbarer thermionischer Elektronenemitter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0662703B1 EP0662703B1 EP95200013A EP95200013A EP0662703B1 EP 0662703 B1 EP0662703 B1 EP 0662703B1 EP 95200013 A EP95200013 A EP 95200013A EP 95200013 A EP95200013 A EP 95200013A EP 0662703 B1 EP0662703 B1 EP 0662703B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- layers
- emitter
- deposited
- protective layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000005374 Poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010017740 Gas poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005040 ion trap Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010329 laser etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/04—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of thermionic cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/15—Cathodes heated directly by an electric current
- H01J1/16—Cathodes heated directly by an electric current characterised by the shape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J3/00—Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J3/02—Electron guns
- H01J3/027—Construction of the gun or parts thereof
Definitions
- the invention relates to a controllable thermionic electron emitter for vacuum electron tubes with an emitting emitter layer and with at least one control layer separated from the emitter layer by an insulating layer, the Insulating layer and the control layers are produced by a deposition process, with all functional elements such as control layers, emitter layer as well as separating insulating layers in succession in the growth direction and are successively deposited on a substrate such that the layers over Solid boundary layers stick together.
- Such an electron emitter with a single control layer is known from US-A 4,237,209 known.
- the known cathode grid structure has one single emitting region and also further diffusion barrier layers and BN layers to adjust grid voltages.
- Electron emitters for vacuum electron tubes must have a high one Electron emission also has sufficient resistance to residual gas poisoning and Show ion bombardment. Depending on the application, high Lifetime demands. In this regard, very small particles are less emitting layers composed as 1 ⁇ m diameter advantageous, which are described in DE-A 42 07 220 or in DE-A 42 06 909.
- cathode elements With flat displays, numerous cathode elements have to be in close proximity and in precise spatial allocation to be ordered. An adjustment of separate cathode elements e.g. by means of manually operated devices time consuming and in terms of adjustment accuracy problematic.
- the invention has for its object an electron emitter of the beginning to create the type mentioned, which is dimensionally accurate even with small dimensions is producible, its dimensional accuracy during operation and especially at Temperature changes with a long service life are preserved with little fluctuation and which has a uniform electron emission and a high efficiency.
- the solution is achieved in that the emitter layer is electrically separated into several controllable areas is divided and that the emitter layer of particles in Size range from 1 to 100 nm is formed, which is generated by laser ablation become.
- controllable thermionic electron emitters In the case of controllable thermionic electron emitters according to the invention, all are functional elements combined into a monolithic block. A Subsequent connection and adjustment causing inaccuracies functional elements is not required. All layers of the invention Arrangement adhere firmly to one another via solid boundary layers, so that even high thermal loads no impermissible changes in the geometric Cause configuration. Suitable Process for manufacturing such integrated structures are widely known and are e.g. also in IC production used. Even microstructures for matrix-like Multiple cathode arrangements can be made with high dimensional accuracy getting produced. Even layer thicknesses of less than 20 ⁇ m with tolerances of less than 3% easily possible. Lateral distances can also be used between elements of a finely structured multiple cathode for example using known etching processes can be realized exactly.
- Arrangements according to the invention can be made with one or several independently controllable control layers be built up by what in itself various functions are known to be fulfilled can.
- Metallic control layers can also act as ion traps be provided.
- the Control layers can be used to form electrically separately controllable areas can be divided.
- Arrangements according to the invention offer the possibility that a grid with two separately controllable heating layers can be controlled by cathode spots in a matrix.
- the individual layers of an arrangement according to the invention are successively deposited on a carrier substrate.
- a carrier substrate As a carrier substrate, an optionally with serve an insulating layer provided heating element.
- a preferred method of making a The arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that that the emitter layer before further deposition Layers is provided with a protective layer, which at least the emitting areas of the emitter layer covers and which after the application of all Layers is removed. This will poison the emitting surfaces when applying subsequent layers avoided.
- the protective layer one the emitting areas of the emitter layer cover aperture, but is preferred Process in which the protective layer covers the entire surface the deposited emitter layer is which in the areas which are as emissive Areas should serve after the deposition of all Layers is removed.
- a protective layer is preferred made of metal, especially tungsten.
- the areas of the protective layer to be removed can be through a chemical etching process, especially by ion etching be removed.
- the protective layer as an excess thickness the emitter layer.
- the emitter layer of particles in Size range from 1 to 100 nm, which is formed by Laser ablation of a target can be generated.
- Such Emitter layers result in a particularly uniform Electron emission.
- the emissions of various surface elements with dimensions of e.g. 1 ⁇ m differ among themselves by no more than 10%.
- metallurgical or electrophoretic manufactured emitter layers very non-uniform Result in emission densities, e.g. when comparing different surface elements with dimensions of about Distinguish 100 ⁇ m by powers of ten.
- the insulating layer (s) and / or the protective layer and / or the Control layer (s) applied by a CVD process become. Do you use heated substrates or heat / heat you can do the structure after every single layer Laser ablation deposition to form dense layers are used, especially with pressures ⁇ 0.1 hPa. Particularly suitable emitting layers and processes for their production are in DE-A 42 07 220 and DE-A 42 06 909.
- Fig. 1 is a controllable thermionic schematically Electron emitter shown for color picture tubes.
- a heater 1 serves as a support and substrate for the Deposition of the following layers, namely one Insulating layer 2, an emitter layer 3, a protective layer 8, an insulating layer 4, a grid layer 5 and optionally an insulating layer 6 and one Grid layer 7.
- the insulating layers consist of oxide layers deposited by CVD or LAD, in particular of BeO, ZrO 2 or BaWO 4 , and have a thickness of approximately 80 ⁇ m.
- the approximately 70 ⁇ m thick emitter layer 3 was deposited as a porous structure from parts with a diameter of less than 1 ⁇ m by LAD.
- the emitter layer consists, for example, of W + 3 3% BaO or 4 BaO.CaO.Al 2 O 3 and Sc 2 O 3 , in particular 2-3.5% by weight of Sc 2 O 3 .
- the layer consists of oxide cathode material, in particular of BaO / SrO, doped with Ni particles and with Sc 2 O 3 particles with a proportion of 1 1% by weight, a percolation structure preferably being implemented for BaO / SrO.
- a grid 13 with the cross-sectional areas 13a and 13b surrounds all emitting areas as a common grid 3a, 3b and 3c.
- Another common grid can pass through the parts of the grid layer 7 indicated by dashed lines be formed.
- the cover can be the protective layer 8 replace in certain cases.
- a protective tungsten layer 8 can also be formed by oxidation and subsequent evaporation are removed. Still is it is possible to make the protective layer 8 from the same material how to apply the emitter layer 3 with such a thickness and later remove it like the poisoning penetrates when applying the subsequent layers. Doing so the emitter layer is initially manufactured with oversize.
- Analogous to the arrangement explained as an example in FIG. 1 can use modified electron emitters for different types Use cases are made. Especially can have matrix-like structures according to the schematic 2 are formed. There are on a heater 14 parallel emitter strips 15 and Lattice strips 16 arranged above it perpendicularly. By Gaps 17 in the grating strips 16 are emissive Areas 18 free, which with simultaneous electrical Control of the intersecting strips 15 and 16 send out an electron beam.
- the structure of Fig. 2nd was inventively by successive application of individual layers and subsequent etching processes manufactured.
- the parts of the emitter strips (for example 19), which should not emit, are or remain in the Contrary to the emitter spots 18 with one not emissive protective layer covered.
- Matrix-like controls can also be done by two on top of each other arranged heating layers according to FIG. 3 causes become.
- a carrier 20 were successively Insulating layer 21, a meandering heating conductor 22, a Insulating layer 23, a meandering heating conductor 24, a Insulating layer 25, an electrically conductive layer 26 and an emitter layer with an emitter spot 27 is applied.
- the heating conductors 22 and 24 are components of heating conductor strips, which consists of numerous arranged in a row similar heating conductors exist.
- the heating conductor strips, which contain the heating conductors 22 and 24 run analogous to FIG. 2 perpendicular to each other.
- the emitter surfaces 27 are only emissable if the heating conductors of both Heating conductor strips are energized.
- the required heating power can be reduced that with additional stand-by heating preheating is provided at about 400 ° C.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
- Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
- Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
Description
- TV und Monitorröhren, z.B. Direktsicht-Schattenmaskenröhren
- Flache Displays
- Röntgenröhren
- Klystrons
- Sende- und Verstärkerröhren, z.B. Tetroden
- Gyrotrons
- Rasterelektronenmikroskope
- Fig. 1
- zeigt im Schnitt eine erfindungsgemäße Anordnung mit drei emittierenden Emitterflecken und mit mehreren Gittern.
- Fig. 2
- zeigt eine Matrixanordnung
- Fig. 3
- zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Anordnung mit zwei Heizschichten.
Claims (13)
- Steuerbarer thermionischer Elektronenemitter für Vakuumelektronenröhren mit einer emittierenden Emitterschicht (3,15,27) und mit mindestens einer von der Emitterschicht (3,15,27) durch eine Isolierschicht (4) getrennten Steuerschicht (5), wobei die Isolierschicht (4) und die Steuerschichten (5) durch ein Abscheideverfahren hergestellt sind, wobei sämtliche funktionellen Elemente wie Steuerschichten (5,7,22,24), Emitterschicht (3,15,27) sowie trennende Isolierschichten (2,4,6,21,23,25) in Aufwachsrichtung aufeinanderfolgend und nacheinander auf ein Substrat (1,20) derart abgeschieden sind, daß die Schichten über Festkörpergrenzschichten aneinander haften,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Emitterschicht (3,15,27) in mehrere elektrisch separat ansteuerbare Bereiche (3a, 3b, 3c) unterteilt ist und daß die Emitterschicht (3,15,27) aus Partikeln im Größenbereich von 1 bis 100 nm gebildet wird, welche durch Laserablation erzeugt werden. - Elektronenemitter nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens zwei Steuerschichten (5,7,22,24) vorgesehen sind. - Elektronenemitter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Steuerschicht eine durch eine elektrische Spannung elektrisch leitfähige Gitterstruktur (7,10,11,12,13,16) ist. - Elektronenemitter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei getrennt ansteuerbare Heizschichten (22,24) vorgesehen sind. - Elektronenemitter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuerschichten in elektrisch separat ansteuerbare Bereiche (15,16) unterteilt ist sind. - Elektronenemitter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Substrat ein gegebenenfalls mit einer Isolierschicht (2) versehenes Heizelement (1) ist. - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Elektronenemitters nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Emitterschicht (3,15) vor der Abscheidung weiterer Schichten mit einer Schutzschicht (8) versehen wird, welche zumindest die emittierenden Bereiche (3a,3b,3c,18) der Emitterschicht abdeckt und welche nach der Aufbringung sämtlicher Schichten entfernt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schutzschicht eine die emittierenden Bereiche der Emitterschicht abdeckende Blende ist. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schutzschicht (8) eine ganzflächig auf der abgeschiedenen Emitterschicht abgeschiedene Schicht ist, welche in den Bereichen, welche als emittierende Flächen dienen sollen, nach der Abscheidung sämtlicher Schichten entfernt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ganzflächig abgeschiedene Schutzschicht (8) eine Metallschicht ist, insbesondere eine Wolframschicht. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zu entfernenden Bereiche der Schutzschicht (8) durch ein chemisches Ätzverfahren, insbesondere durch Ionenätzen entfernt werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ganzflächig abgeschiedene Schutzschicht (8) aus einer Überschußdicke der Emitterschicht (3) besteht. - Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Isolierschichten und/oder die Schutzschicht und/oder die Steuerschichten durch ein CVD-Verfahren aufgebracht werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4400353A DE4400353A1 (de) | 1994-01-08 | 1994-01-08 | Steuerbarer thermionischer Elektronenemitter |
DE4400353 | 1994-01-08 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0662703A1 EP0662703A1 (de) | 1995-07-12 |
EP0662703B1 true EP0662703B1 (de) | 1999-04-07 |
Family
ID=6507586
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95200013A Expired - Lifetime EP0662703B1 (de) | 1994-01-08 | 1995-01-05 | Steuerbarer thermionischer Elektronenemitter |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5735720A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0662703B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH07220616A (de) |
DE (2) | DE4400353A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0780735B1 (de) * | 1995-12-18 | 2002-08-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ladegerät und elektrofotografisches Gerät |
DE19647646A1 (de) * | 1996-11-18 | 1998-05-28 | Com Case Schadt Ohg | Transportable Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung |
US6495865B2 (en) * | 2001-02-01 | 2002-12-17 | Honeywell International Inc. | Microcathode with integrated extractor |
US6526975B1 (en) | 2001-11-01 | 2003-03-04 | Geal Hyub Chung | Disposable gas mask |
US6967326B2 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-11-22 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Mass spectrometers on wafer-substrates |
US20060240281A1 (en) * | 2005-04-21 | 2006-10-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Contaminant-scavenging layer on OLED anodes |
DE102006024437B4 (de) * | 2006-05-24 | 2012-08-09 | Siemens Ag | Röntgenstrahler |
KR101368733B1 (ko) * | 2007-12-20 | 2014-03-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 마이크로 히터를 이용한 열전자방출 장치 및 이의 제조방법 |
CN101471215B (zh) * | 2007-12-29 | 2011-11-09 | 清华大学 | 热电子源的制备方法 |
EP2739762A1 (de) * | 2011-08-03 | 2014-06-11 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Target für eine barium-skandat-vorratskathode |
WO2015000095A1 (en) | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-08 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Flexible display and method for fabricating the same |
JP2025503706A (ja) * | 2022-01-12 | 2025-02-04 | アプライド フィジックス テクノロジーズ インコーポレイテッド | 熱電子カソード用モノリシックヒーター |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4096406A (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1978-06-20 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Thermionic electron source with bonded control grid |
DE4207220A1 (de) * | 1992-03-07 | 1993-09-09 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Festkoerperelement fuer eine thermionische kathode |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2883576A (en) * | 1955-04-04 | 1959-04-21 | Gen Electric | Thermionic valves |
US3710161A (en) * | 1970-10-30 | 1973-01-09 | Gen Electric | Quick-heating impregnated planar cathode |
US3843902A (en) * | 1972-08-24 | 1974-10-22 | Varian Associates | Gridded convergent flow electron gun |
US3967150A (en) * | 1975-01-31 | 1976-06-29 | Varian Associates | Grid controlled electron source and method of making same |
US4237209A (en) * | 1979-05-09 | 1980-12-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Erosion lithography with high-aspect nozzle |
US4250428A (en) * | 1979-05-09 | 1981-02-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Bonded cathode and electrode structure with layered insulation, and method of manufacture |
DE4113085A1 (de) * | 1991-04-22 | 1992-10-29 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Verfahren zur herstellung eines gluehkathodenelements |
DE4206909A1 (de) * | 1992-03-05 | 1993-09-09 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Thermionisch emittierendes kathodenelement |
-
1994
- 1994-01-08 DE DE4400353A patent/DE4400353A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-01-05 EP EP95200013A patent/EP0662703B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-05 DE DE59505543T patent/DE59505543D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-06 JP JP69195A patent/JPH07220616A/ja not_active Abandoned
-
1997
- 1997-03-11 US US08/814,685 patent/US5735720A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4096406A (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1978-06-20 | Varian Associates, Inc. | Thermionic electron source with bonded control grid |
DE4207220A1 (de) * | 1992-03-07 | 1993-09-09 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Festkoerperelement fuer eine thermionische kathode |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59505543D1 (de) | 1999-05-12 |
EP0662703A1 (de) | 1995-07-12 |
JPH07220616A (ja) | 1995-08-18 |
DE4400353A1 (de) | 1995-07-13 |
US5735720A (en) | 1998-04-07 |
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