Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
  • E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
  • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
  • E04C2/42—Gratings; Grid-like panels
  • E04C2/421—Gratings; Grid-like panels made of bar-like elements, e.g. bars discontinuous in one direction
  • E04C2/422—Gratings; Grid-like panels made of bar-like elements, e.g. bars discontinuous in one direction with continuous bars connecting at crossing points of the grid pattern

Definitions

• the invention relates to a support structure for supporting flat components with a first plurality of belts arranged in parallel in a first plane, with a second plurality of belts arranged in parallel in a second plane and with connecting pieces, the belt pairs being in the second plane cross the belt pairs on the first level and the connecting pieces are inserted in crossing regions formed by crossing belt pairs and are connected to each adjacent belt.
• Such a support structure is known from DE-OS 1 684 602.
• Rod-shaped, cross-sectionally round wires or rods are provided as belts, which are connected to one another with a plurality of connecting pieces punched out of sheet metal and introduced into the crossing areas to form a support structure.
• the connecting pieces are cruciform in plan and are connected to the individual belts by bending the extensions forming the cross shape with the aid of special pliers. By jamming the belts in the ring-shaped extensions, the support structure acquires its bending stability.
• the bending stability of the support structure depends to a large extent on the bending strength of the individual belts. If the belts have a rounded, small cross-sectional area, as described in the publication, so that each individual belt has only a relatively low flexural strength, the bent extensions are at an essentially are exposed to small forces at right angles to the load acting on the plane formed by the support structure. There is no risk of loosening the jam by bending the extensions.
• a jamming in the cross section of angular belts is problematic because the edges of the belts provide only a small contact area for producing the desired frictional connection.
• a support structure is known from FR 2 501 332, which is also provided for stiffening flat elements.
• the individual belts have cutouts facing one another at their respective intersections, so that the support elements can be plugged into one another.
• the support elements are located on one level.
• the support structure disclosed in the document however, has only a very low shear and torsional stability on its own, without being connected to a stiffening surface element.
• the object of the invention is to create a support structure for supporting flat components which can be produced using simple means and simple components and which not only withstands high bending loads and is characterized by high torsional rigidity, but is also characterized by a low weight to ensure problem-free handling.
• this object is achieved in that bending beams are provided as belts, which are arranged in the same sense with respect to the direction of their bending strength, that the longitudinal extension of the connecting pieces essentially corresponds to the thickness of the beam construction formed by the bending beams, and that the bending beams with the sections delimiting the intersection areas their corresponding side surfaces are frictionally attached to the connecting pieces.
• bending beams as belts gives the beam structure high bending and torsional strength with a comparatively low cost of materials. Since the longitudinal extent of the connecting pieces essentially corresponds to the total thickness of the support structure, the bending supports can be fastened to the side of the connecting pieces, so that the sides of the straps on both levels that point away from the support structure can actually represent the surface limitation of the support structure. so that a surface element to be braced can rest on the entirety of at least one belt share.
• the two belt pairs preferably cross each other at right angles, with smaller distances being provided between the two belts of a belt pair than between the respective belt pairs.
• the connecting pieces then take up only a small proportion in the planar extent of the support structure, so that the material consumption and thus the weight of the support structure is kept low.
• the connecting pieces essentially completely fill the intersection area formed by the crossing belt pairs, so that the largest possible contact between the individual belts and a connecting piece is created.
• the distance between the belt pairs and between the two bending beams of a belt pair is provided in the same way in the two planes if the beam construction is to have the same stability properties with regard to its horizontal extension. If different stability properties are required in the longitudinal and transverse directions in a support structure, the distances between the bending supports or belt pairs can be designed differently in both planes, for example.
• the support structure is made from moldings and squared timbers, which come from the cheapest main products in sawn timber production.
• the fiber direction of the strips follows their longitudinal extension and the fiber direction of the connecting pieces is essentially perpendicular to the plane formed by the strips.
• the provision of wood as the manufacturing material lends the support structure a correspondingly low weight.
• changes that need to be made, for example, adjustment to curved boundaries, are possible with the simplest means.
• the support structure can be covered on one or both sides with flat elements, which do not have to have a supporting function. It is particularly suitable for areas of application where high demands are placed on the bending strength, the torsional rigidity and / or the shear strength.
• Figure 1 is a plan view of a section of a support structure made of wood.
• FIG. 2 shows a perspective illustration of a detail of the support structure of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 shows a side view of a support structure covered on one side with a formwork panel
• Fig. 4 is a side view of a support structure covered on both sides with plates and
• FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a support structure composed of a plurality of rectangular structural units.
• FIG. 1 shows a support structure 1 made of wood with strips 2 running essentially parallel and arranged in a first plane and with strips running essentially parallel in a second plane Level strips 3.
• the strips 2 cross the strips 3 at right angles.
• Two adjacent strips 2 of the first level form a pair of strips 4 and two adjacent strips 3 of the second level form a pair of strips 5.
• the strips 2 of the strip pairs 4 are spaced 6 and the strips 3 of the strip pairs 5 are spaced 6 'apart arranges.
• the strip pairs 4 are arranged at a distance 7 and the strip pairs 5 at a distance 7 'from one another. It is expedient, as shown in FIG. 1, to select the distances 6, 6 1 smaller than the distances 7, 7 ' . 1 shows the same distances 6 and 6 * and 7 and 7 1 in both planes.
• a connecting piece 9 is introduced, the side faces of which are connected in a rotationally fixed manner to both strips 2 of the strip pair 4 and to both strips 3 of the strip pair 5.
• the connecting piece 9 completely fills the intersection area 8, so that a high shear stability is ensured. With lower shear stress requirements, it is also possible to provide other, for example round, connecting pieces in cross section.
• the direction of the fibers of the strips 2, 3 follows their longitudinal extension.
• the fiber direction of the connecting pieces 9 runs essentially at right angles to the fiber direction of the strips 2, 3.
• This pairwise, rectangular course of the fiber directions thus enables the possibility of a firm and permanent connection, for example by nailing, between the strips 2, 3 and the Side surfaces of the connecting pieces 9 guaranteed.
• 9 double nail plates (not shown) are provided for connection between the strips 2, 3 and the outer sides of the connecting pieces. It is expedient to dimension the size of the double nail plates so that they essentially correspond to the entire contact area between a strip 2 or a strip 3 and the side face of a connecting piece 9.
• the use of double nail plates allows the strips 2, 3 to be connected to the connecting element 9 quickly, accurately and in a stable manner.
• the strips 2, 3 are connected by other one- or two-cut connections, for example connected to the connecting pieces 9 by clips, nails, screws or bolts.
• the distances 6, 7 of the first level differ from the distances 6 ', 7 1 of the second level, so that rectangular intersection areas instead of the square ones recognizable in FIG. 1 Crossing areas 8 are formed. It is also possible to choose the distances 6 and 6 1 or the distances 7 and 7 'the same and to dimension the other distances differently.
• a strip 2, 3 can also be attributed to two pairs of strips 4, 5 in order to achieve particularly high stability in the longitudinal or transverse direction.
• the area 10 bordered in the upper part of FIG. 1 is shown in perspective in FIG. 2.
• the strips 2 adjoin a narrow side 12 of the strips 3 with a narrow side 11.
• the connecting pieces 9 protrude beyond the narrow sides 13, 14 of the strips 2, 3 pointing outwards.
• a possible change in shape the wooden strips 2, 3 working transversely to the fiber direction are therefore not transferred to flat components attached to the end faces 15, 16 of the connecting pieces 9.
• a protrusion of a few millimeters is sufficient for this purpose. Since the fiber direction of the connecting pieces 9 runs at right angles to the flat components to be attached, a constant distance between the flat components is ensured when the support structure is covered on both sides.
• the strips 2, 3 are made of one material, e.g. Plastic provided that does not change shape, e.g. subject to weather influences, the connecting pieces 9 do not have to protrude beyond the narrow sides 13, 14 for reasons of dimensional stability.
• the support structure 1 does not use a supporting frame in order to counteract mechanical loads. However, e.g. to laterally veneer the support structure 1, it may be desirable to provide a frame. It goes without saying that this does not have to have a supporting function with regard to the load-bearing capacity of the support structure 1.
• each bar 2 of the first level and each bar 3 of the second level have a recess at their crossing points 17 with each bar 2, 3 of the other level.
• the width of the recess corresponds to the width of the narrow side 11 or 12 of the opposite bar 2, 3 of the other level.
• the strips 2 can be plugged into one another with the strips 3 at the crossing points 17.
• Flat components can be attached to selected end faces 15 and / or 16 of the connecting pieces 9, for example with angles.
• a bore (not shown) provided through the connecting pieces 9, essentially at right angles to the end faces 15, 16, can be used to lead through fastening elements for attaching flat components.
• the strips 2, 3 do not directly adjoin one another with their narrow sides 11, 12.
• the support structure 1 can be provided using the same strips 2, 3 for a large number of support structure thicknesses without unnecessarily increasing the weight of the support structure 1 by providing thicker strips. It goes without saying that the connecting pieces 9 must then be made correspondingly longer.
• FIG. 3 shows a side view of a structural unit 18 of the support structure 1.
• the drawing shows a stylized representation of the fiber course in the strips 2, in the end faces 20 of the strips 3 and in the connecting pieces 9.
• the support structure 1 can be used as a support for formwork panels and can be used for example as a ceiling, roof or wall or as a floor.
• the support structure 1 can be used, for example, as a wall or intermediate wall or false ceiling. It is then expedient to fill the remaining cavities with insulation materials as required. If a particular stability of a wall created in this way is desired, the cavities located between the plates 19 'can be filled with, for example, flow concrete instead of with insulating materials. Walls or ceilings created in this way can be used as prepared prefabricated parts, into which the concrete is only filled on site at the construction site. The result is a significant reduction in transport costs.
• FIG. 5 shows four structural units 18, which are assembled to form a rectangular support construction surface 21 with high-performance screw clamps 22 (shown schematically).
• a plurality of structural units 18 By joining together a plurality of structural units 18 in this way, larger, removable support structure surfaces 22 can be created.
• the support structure 21 is to be matched to contours that are curved or smaller than an edge length of a structural unit 18, the contours of the support structure 21 can be adapted to the respective conditions on site by simply separating areas of the support structure 21 that are not required, for example by sawing, can be adapted without sacrificing bending strength, torsional rigidity or shear stability.
• the possibility of simple adjustment also brings considerable advantages for storage, since units 18 only have to be stored in a few preferred sizes.
• structural units 18 are to be reused several times, as is desired, for example, in concrete formwork, it is advantageous to provide a smooth edge closure as shown in FIGS. 3, 4 or 5 in order to quickly connect a large number of structural units 18 to the usual clamping, To be able to carry out locking or escape systems.
• the strips 2, 3 expediently protrude beyond an intersection area 8 with a length corresponding to the distance 7 or 7 '.
• the narrow sides 11 and 12 of the protruding strips 2 and 3 of the first structural unit 18 are fastened, so that, for example, the connecting pieces 9 projecting sections of the strips 2 of the first structural unit 18 along this section border the narrow sides 11 of the strips 2 of the turned second structural unit 18.
• the end faces 15, 16 of the connecting pieces of all the required structural units being arranged in one plane.
• the support structure 1 entirely or partially from other materials, for example from plastic, from fiber-carrying plastic or from metal, with the bending Carrier 2, 3 is expedient to fall back on commercially available profiles and / or hollow profiles.
• the connecting pieces 9 can be made of the same or a different material as the strips 2, 3.
• strips are also provided on a third level, the arrangement of which corresponds to the arrangement of strips 2 on the first level, so that the strips 3 of the second level are arranged between the strips 2 of the first level and the strips of the third level.
• the connectors 9 are accordingly longer. In this way, a higher bending strength of the support structure 1 can be achieved - in one direction of the support structure plane with a simultaneous increase in the torsional rigidity.
• An embodiment of this embodiment provides that the strips of the three levels each intersect at an angle of 60 degrees, so that hexagonal intersection areas are created.
• the connecting pieces are also hexagonal.
• This support structure then has the same load capacity in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
• strips are provided in an arrangement that corresponds to the arrangement of the strips 3 on the second level in a fourth layer that adjoins the third layer. In contrast to the last-mentioned exemplary embodiment, this gives the same bending strength in both directions. The total load capacity is clear compared to a support structure with only two levels increased without the need to provide more rigid strips.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
• Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
• Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
• Supports For Pipes And Cables (AREA)
• Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=6463894

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

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Family Cites Families (6)

• 1992
  • 1992-07-23 DE DE4224285A patent/DE4224285C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1993
  • 1993-07-10 WO PCT/DE1993/000621 patent/WO1994002693A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1993-07-10 EP EP93914624A patent/EP0653005B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-07-10 DE DE59309550T patent/DE59309550D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1993-07-10 AT AT93914624T patent/ATE179477T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1993-07-10 US US08/356,198 patent/US5722211A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1993-07-10 ES ES93914624T patent/ES2133403T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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