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Publication number
EP0601133B1
EP0601133B1 EP92924489A EP92924489A EP0601133B1 EP 0601133 B1 EP0601133 B1 EP 0601133B1 EP 92924489 A EP92924489 A EP 92924489A EP 92924489 A EP92924489 A EP 92924489A EP 0601133 B1 EP0601133 B1 EP 0601133B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crushing
drum
set forth
crushing apparatus
cutting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92924489A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0601133A1 (en
Inventor
Raimund Falkner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Agria Werke GmbH
Original Assignee
Raimund Falkner Maschinenbau GmbH
FALKNER RAIMUND MASCHBAU
Agria Werke GmbH
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Application filed by Raimund Falkner Maschinenbau GmbH, FALKNER RAIMUND MASCHBAU, Agria Werke GmbH filed Critical Raimund Falkner Maschinenbau GmbH
Publication of EP0601133A1 publication Critical patent/EP0601133A1/en
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Publication of EP0601133B1 publication Critical patent/EP0601133B1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16Details
    • B02C18/18Knives; Mountings thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/14Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
    • B02C18/142Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a waste comminution device with a drive, with a housing having a filling opening, and with a rotating comminution roller having circumferential cutting bars, which cooperates with a counter-cutting tool, the material being comminuted during the passage between the cutting tools.
  • Such a shredding device in which the counter-cutting tool is a stationary counter knife, is known for example from DE-U 91 09 063.
  • a clearing spatula is provided which, coupled to the roller drive, engages and clears a gap continuously.
  • Shredding devices in which the counter-cutting tool is also formed by a shredding roller are also already known.
  • the shredding rollers can be formed from shredding disks equipped with fangs, which are lined up on drive shafts at a distance from one another.
  • one-piece shredding rollers can also be used, on which axially spaced cutting elements or teeth are provided. Examples of both versions can be found in AT-B 350 988.
  • waste shredders A problem with all waste shredders is that the waste materials to be shredded have different properties, so that the shredding devices only function more or less satisfactorily. It happens again and again that despite a possible drive reversal and clearing elements engaging in the gaps, the material is poorly crushed and pinched. The device must then be at least partially disassembled for cleaning.
  • FR-A 753.030 describes a kneading mill for poured grain, and FR-A 497.045 a device for crushing crops and in FR-A 2466 281 a device for producing small tomato paste pieces. All three devices contain interlocking strips with sieve drums that must pass through the material, which then emerges at the end faces. A passage between the sieve drums is not possible because the housing under the drums is closed.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to improve the functional reliability of such a shredding device and, in particular, to create additional free spaces for material which is not or only poorly shredded in order to avoid the device being blocked.
  • the comminution roller is hollow and has at least one open end face, and in that open passage slots are formed between the cutting bars in the roller cavity as additional discharge paths for material which is not comminuted or is comminuted poorly. In this way, this material cannot settle between the cutting strips and clog them, but is pressed further into the roller cavity by the subsequent material.
  • the counter-cutting tool is preferably also formed by a comminution roller which rotates in the opposite direction to the first comminution roller and likewise has circumferential cutting bars which engage in the cutting bars of the first comminution roller.
  • the second comminution roller is also hollow and has at least one open end face, open passage slots being formed between the cutting bars in the roller cavity of the second comminution roller.
  • the cutting strips can both run parallel to the axis and at an angle to the axis.
  • the passage slots preferably expand into the roller cavity so that the material cannot become jammed.
  • the material penetrating into the roller cavities emerges through the openings in the end faces due to gravity when the rollers are not in a horizontal position.
  • a clearing element which acts towards the open end face is preferably provided in each roller cavity, so that forced emptying takes place irrespective of the position of the comminution rollers.
  • the material emerging from the roll cavity is, depending on its degree of comminution, either returned to the comminution device for further comminution or added to the material comminuted by the rolls.
  • the clearing element can be arranged fixed to the housing. Such a clearing element protrudes at least on one side from the roller cavity and is outside of the housing, in particular by means of a mounting bracket or the like. attached.
  • the clearing element consists of a plate which is curved and adapted to the roller and which, with or without a distance from the inside of the roller, is axially parallel or inclined and is effectively arranged in one or both directions of rotation in the roller cavity.
  • the plate has a trapezoidal shape extending over approximately one third of the circumference, on the narrow side of which the mounting bracket is provided. The sloping sides of the plate form broaching edges along which the material is discharged due to the rotation of the roller and can also act as cutting edges that penetrate the material penetrating through the spaces Shear off the inside of the roller and use it to shred.
  • a helically coiled web for example a section of a screw conveyor, can also be arranged in the roller cavity as the broaching element.
  • the screw conveyor is preferably also fixed to the housing; however, their drive is also conceivable.
  • the second end face of the shredding roller is closed by a cover. Since the two rollers or their cutting strips engage in a form-fitting manner in the circumferential direction, it is provided in a further preferred embodiment that the drive is assigned to only one comminution roller. In this case, it is also advantageous if the cutting strips of the driven shredding roller are wider than the cutting strips of the second shredding roller.
  • the shredding device has a rectangular housing 1 with four side walls 2.
  • Two shredding rollers 4, 5 are hollow cylindrical and are rotatably supported with their end bearing sections 3 in opposite side walls 2. Between the bearing sections 3, the two shredding rollers 4, 5 are provided with longitudinal webs projecting from each other and projecting over the circumference of the bearing sections 3. These form cutting strips 6; 15, 16 for the waste material to be shredded and have cutting edges.
  • the bearing sections 3 can be formed, for example, by rings grooved on the circumference, into which graduated longitudinal webs are interchangeably inserted at the ends.
  • the cross section of the cutting strips corresponds to that of a fang.
  • the cutting strips 6; 16 of the one roller 4 engage in the spaces between the cutting strips 6; 15 of the second roller 5, so that there is a gear-like engagement between the two shredding rollers 4, 5. It is therefore sufficient to assign only one drive 13 to the roller 5.
  • the spaces between the longitudinal webs are open in the roller cavity 8, that is to say the cutting strips 6; 15, 16 are separated from one another by through-slots 7.
  • Material gripped by the cutting bars is shredded as it passes between the two shredding rollers 4, 5 and falls down. Material that is not or only partially shredded, which could fill the spaces between the longitudinal webs and thus impair the function of the shredding device, is pressed into the roller cavities 8 through the passage slots 7.
  • the passage slots 7 widen inwards for easier passage of the material.
  • a broaching element 9 is arranged fixed to the housing, which in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3 is designed, for example, as a trapezoidal, curved plate.
  • the plate can be on the inside of the Roller 4,5 lying adjacent or at a distance from it extend parallel or also slightly inclined to the roller axis.
  • the sloping sides of the plate form a cutting edge for each direction of rotation, which can crush or shear material entering through the through slots 7 and at the same time a clearing edge 11, along which the material is conveyed out of the roller cavity 8 to the outside.
  • the plate protrudes from the roll cavity 8 on one side and is fastened to the outside of the housing wall 2 by means of a mounting bracket 10.
  • a cavity cover 12 is provided, which is formed on the driven shredding roller 5 by a drive flange connected to its bearing section 3.
  • the clearing plate 9 can extend over an angle between approximately 60 ° and 300 ° and over any angular range.
  • the arrangement of the broaching plates 9 in the upper region of the rollers 4, 5 prevents the penetration of material not supplied to the cutting mechanism into the roller cavities 8.
  • the clearing element 9 is formed by a stationary screw conveyor 17 which has a plate-shaped mounting bracket 20. This is fastened by means of screws 21 to a further housing wall 18 arranged at a distance from the housing walls 2.
  • the screw conveyor 17 is penetrated by a shaft 14 which is mounted in the housing wall 18 and connected to the cover 12. This provides an additional bearing for the comminution roller 4, 5 and a support for the screw conveyor 17 also in the interior of the roller 4, 5.
  • the rotation of the roller 4,5 the material passing along the screw surface the screw conveyor is conveyed to the outside. There it falls (arrows 19) as well as material crushed between the rollers 4, 5.
  • a partition not shown, can keep the two material parts separate from one another, so that the material part coming out of the roller cavities 8 can, if necessary, be refilled into the comminution device if the parts are still too large.
  • a separate drive of the screw conveyor 17 is also possible.
  • a helically coiled strip can also be provided, which surrounds the shaft 14 and, due to its helical spring-like design, can also be moved axially, which can result in an improved clearing effect.
  • a similar design of the single comminution roller is provided. This also has a cavity and is open at least on one side, with a clearing element also clearing out material that is pressed into the cavity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/AT92/00166 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 1, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 1, 1994 PCT Filed Dec. 11, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO93/11873 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 24, 1993.A crushing apparatus for waste material comprising a housing and a drive shaft for driving counter-rotating rollers which mesh with each other and which are hollow and open at one end. The rollers are fitted with cutter elements spaced at intervals around the outside and have cavities between the cutter elements that open into the hollow interior of the rollers.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Abfallzerkleinerungsvorrichtung mit einem Antrieb, mit einem eine Einfüllöffnung aufweisenden Gehäuse, und mit einer sich drehenden, am Umfang Schneidleisten aufweisenden Zerkleinerungswalze, die mit einem Gegenschneidwerkzeug zusammenwirkt, wobei das Material beim Durchgang zwischen den Schneidwerkzeugen zerkleinert wird.The invention relates to a waste comminution device with a drive, with a housing having a filling opening, and with a rotating comminution roller having circumferential cutting bars, which cooperates with a counter-cutting tool, the material being comminuted during the passage between the cutting tools.

Eine derartige Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung, bei der das Gegenschneidwerkzeug ein stationäres Gegenmesser ist, ist beispielsweise aus der DE-U 91 09 063 bekannt. Um zu verhindern, daß sich die Zwischenräume zwischen den Schneidelementen mit Material füllen, ist eine Räumspatel vorgesehen, die mit dem Walzenantrieb gekoppelt fortlaufend jeweils in einen Zwischenraum eingreift und ihn ausräumt.Such a shredding device, in which the counter-cutting tool is a stationary counter knife, is known for example from DE-U 91 09 063. In order to prevent the gaps between the cutting elements from filling with material, a clearing spatula is provided which, coupled to the roller drive, engages and clears a gap continuously.

Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen, bei denen auch das Gegenschneidwerkzeug durch eine Zerkleinerungwalze gebildet ist, sind ebenfalls bereits bekannt. Die Zerkleinerungswalzen können aus mit Reißzähnen bestückten Zerkleinerungsscheiben gebildet sein, die auf Antriebswellen mit Abstand zueinander aufgereiht sind. Es können aber auch einstückige Zerkleinerungswalzen eingesetzt werden, an denen axial beabstandet Schneidelemente oder Zähne vorgesehen sind. Beispiele für beide Ausführungen sind der AT-B 350 988 zu entnehmen.Shredding devices in which the counter-cutting tool is also formed by a shredding roller are also already known. The shredding rollers can be formed from shredding disks equipped with fangs, which are lined up on drive shafts at a distance from one another. However, one-piece shredding rollers can also be used, on which axially spaced cutting elements or teeth are provided. Examples of both versions can be found in AT-B 350 988.

Ein Problem aller Abfallzerkleinerer liegt darin, daß die zu zerkleinernden Abfallmaterialien unterschiedliche Eigenschaften aufweisen, sodaß die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungen nur mehr oder minder zufriedenstellend funktionieren. Es kommt immer wieder vor, daß trotz einer möglichen Antriebsumkehr und in die Zwischenräume eingreifender Räumelemente das Material schlecht zerkleinert und eingeklemmt wird. Die Vorrichtung muß dann für die Reinigung zumindest teilweise zerlegt werden.A problem with all waste shredders is that the waste materials to be shredded have different properties, so that the shredding devices only function more or less satisfactorily. It happens again and again that despite a possible drive reversal and clearing elements engaging in the gaps, the material is poorly crushed and pinched. The device must then be at least partially disassembled for cleaning.

In der FR-A 753.030 ist eine Knetmühle für geguollenes Getreide beschrieben, in der FR-A 497.045 eine Einrichtung zum Schroten von Feldfrüchten und in der FR-A 2466 281 eine Einrichtung zum Herstellen kleiner Tomatenmarkstücke. Alle drei Einrichtungen enthalten mit ineinandergreifenden Leisten versehene Siebtrommeln, die das Material passieren muß, das dann an den Stirnseiten austritt. Ein Durchgang zwischen den Siebtrommeln ist nicht möglich, da das Gehäuse unter den Trommeln geschlossen ist.FR-A 753.030 describes a kneading mill for poured grain, and FR-A 497.045 a device for crushing crops and in FR-A 2466 281 a device for producing small tomato paste pieces. All three devices contain interlocking strips with sieve drums that must pass through the material, which then emerges at the end faces. A passage between the sieve drums is not possible because the housing under the drums is closed.

Die Erfindung hat es sich daher zur Aufgabe gestellt, die Funktionssicherheit einer derartigen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zu verbessern, und insbesondere zusätzliche Freiräume für nicht oder nur schlecht zerkleinertes Material zu schaffen, um die Blockierung der Vorrichtung zu vermeiden.The object of the invention is therefore to improve the functional reliability of such a shredding device and, in particular, to create additional free spaces for material which is not or only poorly shredded in order to avoid the device being blocked.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies dadurch erreicht, daß die Zerkleinerungswalze hohl ausgebildet ist und zumindest eine offene Stirnseite aufweist, und daß zwischen den Schneidleisten in den Walzenhohlraum offene Durchtrittsschlitze als zusätzliche Abförderwege für nicht oder nur schlecht zerkleinertes Material ausgebildet sind. Auf diese Weise kann sich dieses Material nicht zwischen den Schneidleisten festlegen und sie verstopfen, sondern wird vom nachfolgenden Material weiter in den Walzenhohlraum gedrückt.This is achieved according to the invention in that the comminution roller is hollow and has at least one open end face, and in that open passage slots are formed between the cutting bars in the roller cavity as additional discharge paths for material which is not comminuted or is comminuted poorly. In this way, this material cannot settle between the cutting strips and clog them, but is pressed further into the roller cavity by the subsequent material.

Bevorzugt wird auch das Gegenschneidwerkzeug durch eine Zerkleinerungswalze gebildet, die sich gegenläufig zur ersten Zerkleinerungswalze dreht und ebenfalls umfangseitige Schneidleisten aufweist, die in die Schneidleisten der ersten Zerkleinerungswalze eingreifen. In diesem Fall ist auch die zweite Zerkleinerungswalze hohl ausgebildet ist und weist zumindest eine offene Stirnseite auf, wobei zwischen den Schneidleisten in den Walzenhohlraum der zweiten Zerkleinerungswalze offene Durchtrittsschlitze ausgebildet sind.The counter-cutting tool is preferably also formed by a comminution roller which rotates in the opposite direction to the first comminution roller and likewise has circumferential cutting bars which engage in the cutting bars of the first comminution roller. In this case, the second comminution roller is also hollow and has at least one open end face, open passage slots being formed between the cutting bars in the roller cavity of the second comminution roller.

Die Schneidleisten können sowohl achsparallel als auch schräg zur Achse verlaufen. Bevorzugt erweitern sich die Durchtrittsschlitze in den Walzenhohlraum, sodaß das Material sich nicht verklemmen kann.The cutting strips can both run parallel to the axis and at an angle to the axis. The passage slots preferably expand into the roller cavity so that the material cannot become jammed.

Das in die Walzenhohlräume eindringende Material tritt bei nicht horizontaler Lage der Walzen aufgrund der Schwerkraft nach unten durch die Öffnungen in den Stirnseiten aus. Bevorzugt wird jedoch in jedem Walzenhohlraum ein zur offenen Stirnseite hin wirkendes Räumelement vorgesehen, sodaß eine Zwangsentleerung unabhängig von der Lage der Zerkleinerungswalzen erfolgt. Das aus dem Walzenhohlraum austretende Material wird, je nach seinem Zerkleinerungsgrad, entweder zur weiteren Zerkleinerung in die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zurückgegeben oder dem von den Walzen zerkleinerten Material zugegeben.The material penetrating into the roller cavities emerges through the openings in the end faces due to gravity when the rollers are not in a horizontal position. However, a clearing element which acts towards the open end face is preferably provided in each roller cavity, so that forced emptying takes place irrespective of the position of the comminution rollers. The material emerging from the roll cavity is, depending on its degree of comminution, either returned to the comminution device for further comminution or added to the material comminuted by the rolls.

Da sich die Walzen drehen, kann das Räumelement gehäusefest angeordnet sein. Ein derartiges Räumelement steht zumindest einseitig aus dem Walzenhohlraum vor und ist außerhalb am Gehäuse, insbesondere mittels einer Montagelasche od.dgl. befestigt. Das Räumelement besteht in einer ersten Ausführung aus einer der Walze angepaßt gekrümmten Platte, die mit oder ohne Abstand zur Walzeninnenseite achsparallel oder geneigt und in eine oder beide Drehrichtungen wirksam im Walzenhohlraum angeordnet ist. In einer bevorzugten Ausführung weist die Platte eine etwa über ein Drittel des Umfanges sich erstreckende Trapezform auf, an deren Schmalseite die Montagelasche vorgesehen ist. Die Schrägseiten der Platte bilden einerseits Räumkanten, entlang denen aufgrund der Walzendrehung das Material ausgetragen wird und können weiters auch als Schneidkanten wirken, die das durch die Zwischenräume eindringende Material an der Walzeninnenseite abscheren und damit zerkleinern.Since the rollers rotate, the clearing element can be arranged fixed to the housing. Such a clearing element protrudes at least on one side from the roller cavity and is outside of the housing, in particular by means of a mounting bracket or the like. attached. In a first embodiment, the clearing element consists of a plate which is curved and adapted to the roller and which, with or without a distance from the inside of the roller, is axially parallel or inclined and is effectively arranged in one or both directions of rotation in the roller cavity. In a preferred embodiment, the plate has a trapezoidal shape extending over approximately one third of the circumference, on the narrow side of which the mounting bracket is provided. The sloping sides of the plate form broaching edges along which the material is discharged due to the rotation of the roller and can also act as cutting edges that penetrate the material penetrating through the spaces Shear off the inside of the roller and use it to shred.

Anstelle einer gehäusefesten Platte kann als Räumelement auch ein schraubenförmig gewendelter Steg, beispielsweise ein Abschnitt einer Förderschnecke im Walzenhohlraum angeordnet sein. Die Förderschnecke ist bevorzugt ebenfalls gehäusefest; jedoch ist auch deren Antrieb denkbar.Instead of a plate fixed to the housing, a helically coiled web, for example a section of a screw conveyor, can also be arranged in the roller cavity as the broaching element. The screw conveyor is preferably also fixed to the housing; however, their drive is also conceivable.

Eine weitere Ausführung sieht vor, daß die zweite Stirnseite der Zerkleinerungswalze durch eine Abdeckung verschlossen ist. Da die beiden Walzen bzw. deren Schneidleisten in Umfangsrichtung formschlüssig ineinandergreifen, ist in einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung vorgesehen, daß der Antrieb nur einer Zerkleinerungswalze zugeordnet ist. In diesem Fall ist es weiter von Vorteil, wenn die Schneidleisten der angetriebenen Zerkleinerungswalze breiter sind als die Schneidleisten der zweiten Zerkleinerungswalze.Another embodiment provides that the second end face of the shredding roller is closed by a cover. Since the two rollers or their cutting strips engage in a form-fitting manner in the circumferential direction, it is provided in a further preferred embodiment that the drive is assigned to only one comminution roller. In this case, it is also advantageous if the cutting strips of the driven shredding roller are wider than the cutting strips of the second shredding roller.

Nachstehend werden zwei bevorzugte Ausführungen der Erfindung anhand der Figuren der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher beschrieben, ohne darauf beschränkt zu sein.Two preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the figures of the accompanying drawings, without being limited thereto.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Schnitt nach der Linie I-I der Fig. 2 durch eine erste bevorzugte Ausführung,
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt nach der Linie II-II der Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine Stirnansicht der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung nach Fig. 1 und 2,
Fig. 4
einen Längsschnitt nach der Linie IV-IV der Fig. 5 durch eine zweite Ausführung und
Fig. 5
einen Schnitt nach der Linie V-V der Fig. 4.
Show it:
Fig. 1
3 shows a section along line II of FIG. 2 through a first preferred embodiment,
Fig. 2
2 shows a section along the line II-II of FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
2 shows an end view of the comminution device according to FIGS. 1 and 2,
Fig. 4
a longitudinal section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 5 by a second embodiment and
Fig. 5
a section along the line VV of Fig. 4th

Die erfindungsgemäße Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung weist ein rechteckiges Gehäuse 1 mit vier Seitenwänden 2 auf. Zwei Zerkleinerungswalzen 4,5 sind hohlzylindrisch ausgebildet und mit ihren endseitigen Lagerabschnitten 3 in einander gegenüberliegenden Seitenwänden 2 drehbar gelagert. Zwischen den Lagerabschnitten 3 sind die beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen 4,5 mit über den Umfang der Lagerabschnitte 3 vorstehenden, voneinander beabstandeten Längsstegen versehen. Diese bilden Schneidleisten 6;15,16 für das zu zerkleinernde Abfallmaterial und weisen Schneidkanten auf. Die Lagerabschnitte 3 können beispielsweise durch umfangsseitig genutete Ringe gebildet sein, in die an den Enden abgestufte Längsstege auswechselbar eingesetzt sind. Der Querschnitt der Schneidleisten entspricht dem eines Reißzahnes. Die Schneidleisten 6;16 der einen Walze 4 greifen in die Zwischenräume zwischen den Schneidleisten 6;15 der zweiten Walze 5 ein, sodaß ein zahnradartiger Eingriff zwischen den beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen 4,5 gegeben ist. Es genügt daher, nur der Walze 5 einen Antrieb 13 zuzuordnen. Die Zwischenräume zwischen den Längsstegen sind in den Walzenhohlraum 8 offen, das heißt die Schneidleisten 6;15,16 sind durch Durchtrittsschlitze 7 voneinander getrennt. Von den Schneidleisten ergriffenes Material wird beim Durchgang zwischen den beiden Zerkleinerungswalzen 4,5 zerkleinert und fällt nach unten. Nicht oder nur teilzerkleinertes Material, das die Zwischenräume zwischen den Längsstegen füllen und so die Funktion der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung beeinträchtigen könnte, wird durch die Durchtrittsschlitze 7 in die Walzenhohlräume 8 hineingedrückt. Die Durchtrittsschlitze 7 erweitern sich für den leichteren Durchtritt des Materials nach innen. In je dem Walzenhohlraum 8 ist ein Räumelement 9 gehäusefest angeordnet, das in der Ausführung nach den Fig. 1 bis 3 beispielsweise als trapezförmige, gekrümmte Platte ausgebildet ist. Die Platte kann an der Innenseite der Walze 4,5 anliegend oder mit Abstand dazu sich parallel oder auch leicht geneigt zur Walzenachse erstrecken. Die schrägverlaufenden Seiten der Platte bilden für jede Drehrichtung eine Schneidkante, die durch die Durchtrittsschlitze 7 eintretendes Material zerkleinern bzw. abscheren kann und gleichzeitig eine Räumkante 11, entlang der das Material aus dem Walzenhohlraum 8 nach außen gefördert wird. Die Platte steht einseitig aus dem Walzenhohlraum 8 vor und ist mittels einer Montagelasche 10 an der Außenseite der Gehäusewand 2 befestigt. An der der Austragseite des Materials gegenüberliegenden Seite jeder Walze 4,5 ist eine Hohlraumabdeckung 12 vorgesehen, die an der angetriebenen Zerkleinerungswalze 5 durch einen mit deren Lagerabschnitt 3 verbundenen Antriebsflansch gebildet ist.The shredding device according to the invention has a rectangular housing 1 with four side walls 2. Two shredding rollers 4, 5 are hollow cylindrical and are rotatably supported with their end bearing sections 3 in opposite side walls 2. Between the bearing sections 3, the two shredding rollers 4, 5 are provided with longitudinal webs projecting from each other and projecting over the circumference of the bearing sections 3. These form cutting strips 6; 15, 16 for the waste material to be shredded and have cutting edges. The bearing sections 3 can be formed, for example, by rings grooved on the circumference, into which graduated longitudinal webs are interchangeably inserted at the ends. The cross section of the cutting strips corresponds to that of a fang. The cutting strips 6; 16 of the one roller 4 engage in the spaces between the cutting strips 6; 15 of the second roller 5, so that there is a gear-like engagement between the two shredding rollers 4, 5. It is therefore sufficient to assign only one drive 13 to the roller 5. The spaces between the longitudinal webs are open in the roller cavity 8, that is to say the cutting strips 6; 15, 16 are separated from one another by through-slots 7. Material gripped by the cutting bars is shredded as it passes between the two shredding rollers 4, 5 and falls down. Material that is not or only partially shredded, which could fill the spaces between the longitudinal webs and thus impair the function of the shredding device, is pressed into the roller cavities 8 through the passage slots 7. The passage slots 7 widen inwards for easier passage of the material. In each roller cavity 8, a broaching element 9 is arranged fixed to the housing, which in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3 is designed, for example, as a trapezoidal, curved plate. The plate can be on the inside of the Roller 4,5 lying adjacent or at a distance from it extend parallel or also slightly inclined to the roller axis. The sloping sides of the plate form a cutting edge for each direction of rotation, which can crush or shear material entering through the through slots 7 and at the same time a clearing edge 11, along which the material is conveyed out of the roller cavity 8 to the outside. The plate protrudes from the roll cavity 8 on one side and is fastened to the outside of the housing wall 2 by means of a mounting bracket 10. On the side of each roller 4, 5 opposite the discharge side of the material, a cavity cover 12 is provided, which is formed on the driven shredding roller 5 by a drive flange connected to its bearing section 3.

Die Räumplatte 9 kann sich über einen Winkel zwischen etwa 60° und 300° und über jeden beliebigen Winkelbereich erstrecken. In der in den Figuren gezeigten Ausführung verhindert die Anordnung der Räumplatten 9 im jeweils oberen Bereich der Walzen 4,5 das Eindringen von nicht dem Schneidwerk zugeführtem Material in die Walzenhohlräume 8.The clearing plate 9 can extend over an angle between approximately 60 ° and 300 ° and over any angular range. In the embodiment shown in the figures, the arrangement of the broaching plates 9 in the upper region of the rollers 4, 5 prevents the penetration of material not supplied to the cutting mechanism into the roller cavities 8.

In der Ausführung nach Fig. 4 und 5 ist das Räumelement 9 durch eine stillstehende Förderschnecke 17 gebildet, die eine plattenförmige Montagelasche 20 aufweist. Diese ist mittels Schrauben 21 an einer mit Abstand zu den Gehäusewänden 2 angeordneten weiteren Gehäusewand 18 befestigt. Die Förderschnecke 17 wird von einer Welle 14 durchsetzt, die in der Gehäusewand 18 gelagert und mit der Abdeckung 12 verbunden ist. Dadurch ist ein zusätzliches Lager für die Zerkleinerungswalze 4,5 und eine Abstützung der Förderschnecke 17 auch im Inneren der Walze 4,5 gegeben. Durch die Drehung der Walze 4,5 wird das durchtretende Material entlang der Schraubenfläche der Förderschnecke nach außen befördert. Dort fällt es (Pfeile 19) ebenso nach unten wie zwischen den Walzen 4,5 zerkleinertes Material. Eine nicht gezeigte Trennwand kann die beiden Materialanteile voneinander getrennt halten, sodaß der aus den Walzenhohlräumen 8 kommende Materialanteil gegebenenfalls wieder in die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung eingefüllt werden kann, falls die Teile noch zu groß sind.4 and 5, the clearing element 9 is formed by a stationary screw conveyor 17 which has a plate-shaped mounting bracket 20. This is fastened by means of screws 21 to a further housing wall 18 arranged at a distance from the housing walls 2. The screw conveyor 17 is penetrated by a shaft 14 which is mounted in the housing wall 18 and connected to the cover 12. This provides an additional bearing for the comminution roller 4, 5 and a support for the screw conveyor 17 also in the interior of the roller 4, 5. By the rotation of the roller 4,5, the material passing along the screw surface the screw conveyor is conveyed to the outside. There it falls (arrows 19) as well as material crushed between the rollers 4, 5. A partition, not shown, can keep the two material parts separate from one another, so that the material part coming out of the roller cavities 8 can, if necessary, be refilled into the comminution device if the parts are still too large.

Ein getrennter Antrieb der Förderschnecke 17 ist ebenfalls möglich. Anstelle der Schnecke kann auch ein schraubenförmig gewendelter Streifen vorgesehen sein, der die Welle 14 umgibt und aufgrund seiner schraubenfederartigen Ausbildung auch axial beweglich ist, wodurch sich eine verbesserte Räumwirkung ergeben kann.A separate drive of the screw conveyor 17 is also possible. Instead of the screw, a helically coiled strip can also be provided, which surrounds the shaft 14 and, due to its helical spring-like design, can also be moved axially, which can result in an improved clearing effect.

In der nicht näher gezeigten Ausführung mit einer Zerkleinerungswalze und einem stationären Gegenmesser ist eine gleichartige Ausbildung der einzigen Zerkleinerungswalze vorgesehen. Diese weist ebenfalls einen Hohlraum auf, und ist zumindest einseitig offen, wobei auch hier ein Räumelement Material ausräumt, das in den Hohlraum eingedrückt wird.In the embodiment (not shown in detail) with a comminution roller and a stationary counter knife, a similar design of the single comminution roller is provided. This also has a cavity and is open at least on one side, with a clearing element also clearing out material that is pressed into the cavity.

Claims (13)

  1. Crushing apparatus for waste material, comprising a drive (13), a housing (1) having a filling opening, and a rotary crushing drum (5) which has peripheral cutting bars (6;15) and which cooperates with a counterpart cutting tool, the material being crushed, when passing between the cutting tools, characterised in that the crushing drum (5) is of a hollow configuration and has at least one open end, and that between the cutting bars (6;15) entry slots (7) are open into the drum cavity (8) to form additional squeeze passages for non-crushed or only partially crushed material.
  2. Crushing apparatus as set forth in claim 1, characterised in that the counterpart cutting tool is formed by a second crushing drum (4) which rotates in opposite relationship to the first crushing drum (5) and which has peripheral cutting bars (6;16) which engage into the cutting bars (6;15) of the first crushing drum (5).
  3. Crushing apparatus as set forth in claim 2, characterised in that the second crushing drum (4) is also of a hollow configuration and has at least one open end, the entry slots (7) between the cutting bars (6;15,16) being open into the drum cavity (8) of the second crushing drum (4).
  4. Crushing apparatus as set forth in one of claims 1 through 3, characterised in that the width of the entry slots (7) corresponds approximately to the width of the cutting bars (6;15,16).
  5. Crushing apparatus as set forth in one of claims 1 through 4, characterised in that the entry slots (7) increase in size towards the drum cavity (8).
  6. Crushing apparatus as set forth in one of claims 1 through 5, characterised in that provided in the drum cavity (8) is a clearing element (9,17) which is operative towards the open end.
  7. Crushing apparatus as set forth in claim 6, characterised in that the clearing element (9,17) projects out of the drum cavity (8) and is fixed to the housing (1).
  8. Crushing apparatus as set forth in claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the clearing element (9) is formed by a plate which is curved parallel to the periphery and which has at least one clearing edge (11) which is operative towards the open end.
  9. Crushing apparatus as set forth in claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the clearing element (17) is formed by a helically wound web.
  10. Crushing apparatus as set forth in claim 8 or 9, characterised in that the clearing element (17) is fixed to a side wall (2,18) by means of a mounting plate (10,20).
  11. Crushing apparatus as set forth in one of claims 6 through 10, characterised in that the second end of the crushing drum (4,5) is closed by a cover means (12).
  12. Crushing apparatus as set forth on one of claims 2 through 11, characterised in that the drive (13) is associated with only one crushing drum (5).
  13. Crushing apparatus as set forth in claim 12, characterised in that the cutting bars (15) of the driven crushing drum (5) are wider than the cutting bars (16) of the second crushing drum (4).
EP92924489A 1991-12-12 1992-12-11 Grinder Expired - Lifetime EP0601133B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9115433U DE9115433U1 (en) 1991-12-12 1991-12-12 Shredding device
DE9115433U 1991-12-12
PCT/AT1992/000166 WO1993011873A1 (en) 1991-12-12 1992-12-11 Grinder

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0601133A1 EP0601133A1 (en) 1994-06-15
EP0601133B1 true EP0601133B1 (en) 1995-03-01

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EP92924489A Expired - Lifetime EP0601133B1 (en) 1991-12-12 1992-12-11 Grinder

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US (1) US5470023A (en)
EP (1) EP0601133B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE119074T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2125036A1 (en)
DE (2) DE9115433U1 (en)
WO (1) WO1993011873A1 (en)

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CN113368996B (en) * 2021-07-30 2022-11-04 河南派普建工集团有限公司 A garbage collection device for municipal construction

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FR497045A (en) * 1919-03-13 1919-11-22 Francesco Perino Machine for grinding cereals, oats, chestnuts or others
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE9115433U1 (en) 1993-04-15
WO1993011873A1 (en) 1993-06-24
US5470023A (en) 1995-11-28
DE59201559D1 (en) 1995-04-06
EP0601133A1 (en) 1994-06-15
ATE119074T1 (en) 1995-03-15
CA2125036A1 (en) 1993-06-24

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