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EP0568458B1 - Elément vitré anti-feu - Google Patents

Elément vitré anti-feu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0568458B1
EP0568458B1 EP93401113A EP93401113A EP0568458B1 EP 0568458 B1 EP0568458 B1 EP 0568458B1 EP 93401113 A EP93401113 A EP 93401113A EP 93401113 A EP93401113 A EP 93401113A EP 0568458 B1 EP0568458 B1 EP 0568458B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibrous material
rebate
glazed element
notably
fire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93401113A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0568458A1 (fr
Inventor
Yves Demars
René Poix
Jean-Claude Le Cocq
Eddie Chapuis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Vitrage SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Publication of EP0568458A1 publication Critical patent/EP0568458A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0568458B1 publication Critical patent/EP0568458B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates
    • E06B3/58—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like
    • E06B3/5807—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like not adjustable
    • E06B3/5842—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of borders, cleats, or the like not adjustable fixed by a tongue-and-groove or mortise-and-tenon connection substantially parallel to the pane
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • E06B5/165—Fireproof windows

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a glazed fire protection element, and more particularly designated by the term "flame arrester" intended to delay the propagation of a possible fire either from one floor to another when it equips the facade of a building, either from one room to another when it is part of an internal partition of a room.
  • This type of glazing has the property of remaining in place during a fire, and thus preventing the passage of smoke and hot gases for a period of time significantly longer than in the case of standard glazing, its performance in terms of fire resistance which can in particular be assessed by the tests described in standards ISO 834 and ISO 3009.
  • these glazings usually consist of at least one toughened glass substrate, and retained at their periphery in the rebate of a generally metallic frame. It is therefore first of all necessary to avoid an early rupture of the glass substrate (s), rupture resulting from the thermal stresses generated from the start of the fire, in particular by the temperature gradient between on the one hand the periphery of the "masked" glazing and in the rebate, and on the other hand the rest of the glazing exposed directly to the fire.
  • US Pat. No. 4,178,728 in particular proposes a profile defining the rebate bottom and maintaining the periphery of the glazing on the "outside" side of the building once the glazing is installed.
  • the second "internal" side that is to say oriented towards the interior of the room, being coated and masked by a mechanical part which is removable under the action of heat:
  • the object of the invention is then to obviate these drawbacks by producing a flame-resistant glazing capable of being used to equip facades and / or internal partitions of buildings, which has improved fire resistance while being implemented. simple.
  • the invention also aims to develop the use of material capable of more effectively maintaining the glazing in its rebate in the event of fire.
  • the fire-resistant glazed element according to the invention comprises at least one flame-resistant glazing whose periphery rests in the rebate of a frame, said periphery being maintained in its rebate, at least along its upper edge, in particular horizontal, by interposing a fibrous material with high porosity and modulus of elasticity, the properties and / or structure of which are unchanged at high temperature, the latter delaying the fall of said substrate by penetrating into it when the latter approaches or reaches its softening temperature.
  • the fibrous material according to the invention has a porosity at least 50% and the elastic modulus of the fibers and / or yarns is at least 150,000 MPa.
  • the flame-retardant glazing in question may consist of a monolithic glass substrate, or of a plurality of monolithic glass substrates associated by means of interlayer materials, such as for example interlayer sheets based on polymers and / or gel-type materials with fire-resistant properties.
  • These different substrates can also be associated with multiple glazing by means of gas plates.
  • the substrates can thus be based on soda-lime-silica glass tempered to obtain a certain level of pre-stress, or based on glass with a low coefficient of thermal expansion such as those described in the request for certificate of addition FR- 2,271,181 and / or based on borosilicate glass as described in patent FR-2,389,582.
  • the glazing can also be reinforced, that is to say have a double-glazing structure comprising a wire mesh welded by points, as described in French patent FR-1,590,983.
  • Said flame-resistant glazing can also be part of a fire-resistant glazing, as mentioned above.
  • the invention thus operates a judicious compromise: by choosing a fibrous material with high porosity, it is possible for the edges of the glazed element, even if they remain partially masked by the wall of the rebate, to be in direct contact with a material that does not obstruct heat by its texture. This limits the thermal gradient between edges and center of the glazing at the start of a fire in particular. It is also possible to choose the fibrous material so that it is also a good conductor of heat, a property which makes it possible to further accentuate the limitation of thermal gradient. Preferably, it has a conductivity of at least minus 15 Watts m -10 C -1 .
  • the glass begins to soften and collapse, it remains securely held in place by the action of the fibrous material which effectively grips the glazing, because it resists high temperature without modification of structure and / or properties and that it is of a fibrous nature and can therefore "become encrusted” partially in the thickness of the softened glass to better retain it.
  • this material has, even and above all at high temperature, good mechanical strength combined with an ability to be compressed without permanent deformation, which gives it a "spring” effect which retains the substrate at like a clamp, but more effectively, since, being fibrous, it can partially penetrate the softened glass much more easily.
  • this fibrous material also maintains in the rebate the lateral edges, in particular the vertical edges of the glazed element, which tend to collapse together with the upper edge.
  • the most advantageous is to pinch in its rebate the edge or edges of the glazing using this fibrous material on each of its faces. It thus retains the glazing as well as possible while ensuring good wedging of the edges of the glazing in the rebate.
  • This fibrous material is for example essentially metallic, in particular based on stainless steel or copper. Choosing a fibrous material of a metallic nature is indeed advantageous, because the material is then both a good thermal and electrical conductor. In addition, it can then be easily fixed in the rebate by welding, which avoids the need for adhesives whose resistance to fire may not be optimal.
  • Fibers assembled in the form of a braid and then wrapped with a thread of similar nature can in particular consist of fibers assembled in the form of a braid and then wrapped with a thread of similar nature.
  • These fibers obtained in the form of a sort of "chip” by pulling out from thick and continuous unitary threads in a known manner, have diameters preferably between 10 and 100 micrometers and are relatively long, with a length that can even be several meters.
  • This material can also consist of threads assembled in the form of a tubular knit, in particular with a diameter between 100 and 500 micrometers.
  • braids composed of fibers
  • said braids have a good elasticity perpendicular to their main axis, due to both the high porosity of the material and the great length of the fibers.
  • the spaces defined by the walls of the rebate are provided on either side of the glazed element and "by above "this fibrous conductive material, of a silicone seal type resistant to fire.
  • any suitable mechanical and / or adhesive means can be used to retain the conductive fibrous material in the rebate. It is possible, for example, to provide at least one of the edges of the rabbet with a spoiler which protrudes and / or provide to provide at least one of the edges of the rabbet with pins distributed in particular on a strip welded to said edge.
  • This material can also be provided on its outer surface with an adhesive resistant to high temperatures, such as a mineral glue, for example silicate.
  • One can also provide a rebate whose contact surface with said fibrous material has roughness capable of retaining it. If it is metallic, it can also simply be welded, as already mentioned. All these means can be used individually or in combination, and fulfill their role of maintaining not only at normal temperature but also and especially in the event of fire, so that the fibrous material remains correctly in place in the rebate to retain the (s) glass substrate (s).
  • rebate bottom at least in the area where the edge of the lower edge of the glazing rests, with wedging and sealing means, in particular at the air known to art.
  • the frame defining the sheet comprises a mechanical section associated by mechanical means with a glazing bead
  • this fibrous material which has, by its texture, a relative flexibility even if it is however relatively soft, allows a possible relative deformation between the glazed element and its frame, and in particular a slight warping of the 'glazed element on the one hand, its frame on the other hand, which limits the mechanical stresses and contributes to an increase in the fire resistance of the glazed element.
  • the glazed element designed according to the invention has a high fire resistance, and in particular at least 30 minutes according to the ISO 3009 standard.
  • the glazed element 1 itself consists of a flame-resistant glazed element, for example of a monolithic substrate made of soda-lime-silica glass 6 millimeters thick and thermally toughened so as to present a level of stress suitable, in particular at least 120 MPa. Its entire periphery is held in a rebate determined by a metal profile 2 associated with a glazing bead 3.
  • the association is carried out here by two complementary mechanical means: on the one hand, the tongue 10 present on the glazing bead 3 is blocked in the cavity 9 of the profile 2. On the other hand, a screw 11 is provided to screw the glazing bead 3 to the profile 2 and thus complete the plating of said pareciose against the latter, preventing any risk of tilting of the glazing bead 3.
  • the edge 4 of the glazing 1 rests at the bottom of the rebate on one of the means 5 of wedging and airtightness.
  • a conductive fibrous material 6 composed of fibers with a diameter of approximately between 50 and 100 micrometers made of stainless steel 430 according to the AISI standard, assembled in a braid with a grammage of 70 g / m linear, of approximately rectangular section, of approximately 10 x 6 mm 2 . This is wrapped in a wire of the same metal 3 / 10th of a millimeter in diameter.
  • This braid has a porosity of approximately 76%, the stainless steel which constitutes it has a modulus of elasticity of approximately 200,000 MPa and a thermal conductivity of approximately 20 watts.m -1 . ° C -1 .
  • This braid is preferably provided on its faces in contact, on the one hand with the glass, on the other hand with the walls of the rebate, of a thin film of adhesive resistant to high temperature of the silicate glue type. It is also here covered on its face turned towards the outside of the rebate with a fire-resistant silicone gasket 7. This avoids any infiltration, especially of water, inside the rebate.
  • the braid 6 interposed between the substrate 1 and the glazing bead 3 is held in place using a spoiler 8 present on the glazing bead 3.
  • the braid 6 which is interposed between the substrate 1 and the profile 2 is held in place at using a strip of thin sheet metal provided with regularly spaced spikes (not shown) on the periphery of the profile 2, spikes which need only be folded down to retain said braid.
  • the assembly is therefore easily done by placing the substrate 1 in the frame 2 provided with its appropriate wedging means 5 and its first layer of conductive fibrous material 6 Interposed between substrate 1 and frame 2, then, by compression, by wedging the tongue 10 in the cavity 9 then by screwing the glazing bead 3 by interposing a second layer of fibrous conductive material 6.
  • the substrate is then perfectly wedged in its rebate.
  • this arrangement allows a certain amplitude movement and / or thermal expansion between the substrate 1 and the profile 2 and the glazing bead 3, which allows a relative relaxation of the thermal stresses that the glass substrate undergoes in particular when a fire breaks out, and therefore limits the risks of rupture .
  • the substrate 1 When the substrate 1 begins to collapse, if it can warp slightly, it remains gripped by the material 6 which slows down its fall.
  • T-TO 345 LOG 10 (8 t + 1)
  • the temperature T to be considered is a function of the duration t (in minutes) during which fire resistance must be ensured.
  • This "complex" partition element formed by the 4 panes 12-15 is therefore placed in an oven, one of the faces of these 4 panes being directly exposed to its heat while the others are in contact with the ambient atmosphere.
  • the oven temperature goes from ambient temperature TO to a temperature of the order of 680 ° C.
  • Each of the faces of the glazing units which is exposed to this rise in temperature undergoes sudden heating and expands, inducing in the glass a series of thermal stresses, due first of all to an immediate thermal gradient in the thickness of the glass, gradient having tendency to bend the glazing so as to have a concavity on the side of the face not exposed to the heat of the oven.
  • Another thermal gradient is also created on each of the faces directly exposed to heat, extending in the plane of these faces the edges of the glazing protected from overheating by glazing beads.
  • the glass of the substrates approaches its softening temperature, it tends to creep and it is therefore during this critical period that the fibrous material 6 fully fulfills its role, both on the upper edge and on the lateral edges of each glazing 12-15.
  • the opening in the glazing begins not at the periphery of the horizontal upper edge thereof which is located in the rebate, but below the rebate, which highlights the effectiveness of the gripping action of the fibrous material 6 according to the invention.
  • the fibrous material according to the invention also applies effectively in the case where the profile is no longer metallic but wooden. Wood, under the action of fire, burns slowly without deforming, unlike metal, this is the reason why it is preferred, in this case, to provide a thicker fibrous material so that the rigidity of the wood is also compensated by an increased compression capacity fibrous material. This avoids subjecting the glazing to additional mechanical stresses.
  • the fixing of a fire-resistant glazed element in the rebate of a frame according to the invention is particularly simple. Nevertheless, it appreciably increases the fire resistance of the glazing both by helping to reduce the thermal gradients in the glazing created by the fire, by allowing a certain clearance between glazing and rebate while firmly maintaining the glazing, and finally and above all by retaining the glazing when it tends to collapse by softening.
  • the embodiment of the invention consisting in using a metallic material also makes it possible to simultaneously ensure mechanical, thermal and possibly electrical contact between glazing and rebate.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
EP93401113A 1992-04-30 1993-04-29 Elément vitré anti-feu Expired - Lifetime EP0568458B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR929205426A FR2690706B1 (fr) 1992-04-30 1992-04-30 Element vitre anti-feu.
FR9205426 1992-04-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0568458A1 EP0568458A1 (fr) 1993-11-03
EP0568458B1 true EP0568458B1 (fr) 1997-01-15

Family

ID=9429472

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93401113A Expired - Lifetime EP0568458B1 (fr) 1992-04-30 1993-04-29 Elément vitré anti-feu

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0568458B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP3537841B2 (ja)
AT (1) ATE147827T1 (ja)
DE (1) DE69307383T2 (ja)
DK (1) DK0568458T3 (ja)
ES (1) ES2098690T3 (ja)
FR (1) FR2690706B1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE166130T1 (de) 1993-07-22 1998-05-15 Saint Gobain Vitrage Durchsichtiger, flammwehrendes paneel
FR2710932B1 (fr) * 1993-10-07 1995-12-08 Saint Gobain Vitrage Int Elément de séparation vis-à-vis des gaz destiné à équiper la partie haute de locaux.
CN100402791C (zh) * 2006-01-23 2008-07-16 天津名门防火建材实业有限公司 推拉式自动关闭钢质防火窗
DE102008030658A1 (de) * 2008-07-01 2010-01-07 Sylid Systemlogistik Und Industriedienstleistung Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vorlegebandes
CN108035670B (zh) * 2017-12-19 2024-06-11 天津海格丽特智能科技股份有限公司 一种铝合金耐火窗安装结构
JP7152278B2 (ja) * 2018-11-30 2022-10-12 三和シヤッター工業株式会社 板材の支持構造
CN112443240A (zh) * 2020-11-24 2021-03-05 江苏盛阳消防科技有限公司 一种内部填充有混合剂的防火玻璃

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2530936C3 (de) * 1975-07-11 1978-09-14 Ibegla Glasverkauf Gmbh, 5000 Koeln Verglasung mit erhöhter Feuerwiderstandsfähigkeit
FR2389582A1 (en) * 1977-05-04 1978-12-01 Saint Gobain Borosilicate glass for flat glass mfr. - contains a high proportion of silica and alkaline oxide(s) varying with the boric oxide quantity used
DE3041385C2 (de) * 1980-11-03 1986-08-14 Trube & Kings KG, 5000 Köln Brandschutz-Bauelement
DE3140785A1 (de) * 1981-10-14 1983-04-28 Vereinigte Glaswerke Gmbh, 5100 Aachen "fenster mit erhoehter feuerwiderstandsfaehigkeit und silikatglasscheibe fuer dieses fenster"
NO155409C (no) * 1984-11-01 1987-03-25 Teamtec As Innfatningssystem, saerlig til bruk for glass i brannskillevegger.
DE3621619A1 (de) * 1986-06-27 1988-01-21 Mueller Wilhelm K Tuer oder fenster

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2098690T3 (es) 1997-05-01
ATE147827T1 (de) 1997-02-15
DE69307383T2 (de) 1997-07-31
JPH0626280A (ja) 1994-02-01
EP0568458A1 (fr) 1993-11-03
DE69307383D1 (de) 1997-02-27
FR2690706B1 (fr) 1994-06-17
FR2690706A1 (fr) 1993-11-05
DK0568458T3 (da) 1997-07-07
JP3537841B2 (ja) 2004-06-14

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