EP0559740A1 - Alliages et composes intermetalliques a base de niobium ou de tantale a haute resistance specifique. - Google Patents
Alliages et composes intermetalliques a base de niobium ou de tantale a haute resistance specifique.Info
- Publication number
- EP0559740A1 EP0559740A1 EP92900393A EP92900393A EP0559740A1 EP 0559740 A1 EP0559740 A1 EP 0559740A1 EP 92900393 A EP92900393 A EP 92900393A EP 92900393 A EP92900393 A EP 92900393A EP 0559740 A1 EP0559740 A1 EP 0559740A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- niobium
- atoms
- alloy according
- alloys
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 15
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001257 Nb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910004349 Ti-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021330 Ti3Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004692 Ti—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001005 Ni3Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OQPDWFJSZHWILH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Al].[Ti] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Al].[Ti] OQPDWFJSZHWILH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000753 refractory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021324 titanium aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/02—Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
Definitions
- niobium alloys We are starting to use, for high-temperature applications in the aeronautical field, niobium alloys, because of their refractory nature and especially their relatively low density (8.6 for unalloyed niobium) compared to that of the others. refractory alloys based on tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten. There are many problems to solve, for example, their poor resistance to oxidation and their poor mechanical resistance at low and medium temperatures (25-900 ° C).
- the nickel matrix that is to say that the two phases have the same crystal structure (cubic with centered faces) and neighboring crystallographic parameters, and form a crystalline medium which does not exhibit sudden discontinuities capable of causing a fragility of
- Aluminum also forms with niobium an intermetallic compound Nb3Al, but the latter has a complex crystal structure, different from the structure
- niobium alloys are therefore all in the form of solid solutions, therefore single-phase, subject to the presence in certain cases of a second phase of the type
- the inventors set out to find alloys de- niobium comprising a high volume fraction of a second intermetallic phase.
- the adopted approach consists in incorporating in the alloys a second phase crystallographically simple and if possible compatible with the niobium matrix, this so that one can increase the mechanical resistance in a wide range of temperatures while preserving the cold ductility of these alloys .
- niobium has the centered cubic crystallographic structure of type A2, the second phase must therefore have, for example, a crystallographic structure of type B2.
- This last structure differs from the previous one by the distribution of atoms in a certain order between two types of sites formed, on the one hand by the four vertices of a cube, and on the other hand by the center of this cube.
- phase B2 which exists alone at high temperature decomposes at low temperature: the equilibrium state is two-phase of the type - ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ Ti3Al) + B2. This decomposition is kinetically slow and there is a risk of showing transition phases such as phase ⁇ which is very harmful to ductility.
- phase B2 is still stable, this alloy may be fragile.
- Niobium, titanium] and molybdenum are completely miscible with each other, while the solubility of aluminum in niobium, in titanium and in molybdenum is limited to about 10% by atoms.
- Nb-Al there are three phases Nb3Al (cubic A15), Nb2Al (quadratic as D8j-,) and NbAl3 (quadratic DO22), in the Ti-Al Ti3Al system (hexagonal D0] _o,), TiAl (quadratic L1Q ), T AI3 (DO22) etc .
- M03AI A15
- M03AI8 monoclinic
- M0AI4 etc.
- Figure 2 comprising four ternary systems Ti-Mo-Al in the center and Nb-Mo-Ti, Nb-Al-Mo, Nb-Ti-Al outside. These four triangles correspond to the four faces of a tetrahedron representing the Nb-Ti-Al-Mo system.
- the Nb-Ti2AlMo system is indicated in the figure by the lines connecting Nb and i2 oAl.
- the subject of the invention is an alloy containing at least one refractory metal crystallizing in the centered cubic system such as niobium or tantalum, this etan alloy formed entirely of a crystalline medium having a substantially continuous centered cubic structure, characterized in that 'It comprises an intermetallic compound of formula Ti2AlX, X representing one or more metals, the atomic concentration of titanium in the alloy being at least 16% and that of said refractory metals being at least 15%, and in this that it contains at least one element other than Ti, Al, Nb and Ta.
- the alloy is in the form of a solid solution of Ti2AlX, of niobium e if necessary of additional elements specific to form with the niobium of binary solid solutions, and X are in majority molybdenum, i2AlX representing 40 to 80% e atoms of the alloy.
- the alloy according to this first embodiment contains chromium associated with niobium, at a concentration at most equal to 5% by atoms.
- the alloy consists of the compound i2 lX, X being predominantly niobium and / or tantalum and further comprising at least one transition element serving to stabilize the phase B2 of said compound, especially molybdenum and / or chromium.
- the alloy comprises the compound Ti2 lb, representing at least 60% by atoms of the alloy, as well as molybdenum and, where appropriate, additional elements such as tungsten and / or chrome.
- the alloy contains tantalum at a concentration of less than 30% by atoms, X being predominantly molybdenum.
- Figure 3 is a qualitative equilibrium diagram of the Nb (+ Cr) - i2AlMo system
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are graphs showing the evolution of certain mechanical properties of different alloys as a function of temperature.
- the ratios between Ti, Al and Mo correspond exactly to the formula Ti2AlMo, and the ratio ( Nb + Cr ) / (Ti + Al + Mo) varies from 3/2 to 8/17.
- the microstructural study carried out on these alloys made it possible to establish a pseudo-binary Nb ( + Cr ) -Ti 2 AlMo qualitative equilibrium diagram, shown diagrammatically in Figure 3.
- the alloy of example 1 is single phase having the disordered centered cubic structure ( A2 ) while the alloys 2 and 3 are also single phase having the ordered centered cubic structure (B2) as is the case for the Ti AlMo alloy.
- the alloys of Examples 2 and 3 are stable at least up to 1000 ° C, retaining their ordered B2 structure.
- the diagram relates to alloys which may contain, in addition to Nb, Ti, Al and Mo, chromium at a concentration at most equal to 5% by atoms.
- the elastic limits of these alloys are presented in Figure 4 as a function of the temperature.
- F-48 conventional niobium alloy
- IN100 nickel-based superalloy
- the three alloys of the present invention have an elastic limit of the order of 1200 MPa at 25 ° C and it is maintained at a level between 650 MPa and 900 MPa up to approximately 800 ° C before falling to 400 MPa around 950 ° C.
- These alloys therefore offer, up to about 900 ° C., mechanical characteristics superior or comparable to those of the alloy IN100 which is a superalloy widely used for blades and discs of current aircraft engines.
- the three alloys according to the present invention have a low density of between 6.4 and 7.3 (see Table), while the nickel-based superalloys often have a density very much greater than 8.
- FIG. 5 we have carried out the same comparisons as in FIG. 4, correcting the elastic limit by the density.
- the values of the specific elastic limit (results of the correction) further highlight the advantage of the alloys of the invention over the others up to approximately 950 ° C.
- the Super c * alloy (2 ′ which is very interesting because of its very low density (4.7), has an elastic limit which drops rapidly above 650 ° C.
- the alloys according to the invention therefore greatly outperform the alloy Super ⁇ * 2 from the point of view of the temperature of use and the mechanical resistance.
- two compatible phases of types A2 and B2 may be obtained in the same alloy according to the invention, either by replacing, in the first embodiment, part of the molybdenum with other elements such as that chromium and / or tungsten, or in the other embodiments.
- the main thing is that the alloys according to the invention do not give rise to the formation of phases which are not compatible with the centered cubic structures of niobium and of the compound Ti2AlX.
- Niobium can be replaced in part or even entirely by tantalum, without the density of the alloy becoming prohibitive.
- molybdenum and, if necessary, addition elements are added thereto.
- - nels such as tungsten and / or chromium.
- the atom content of these added elements is limited to 40% to remain in the range of the ordered phase B2 and to maintain a low density of the alloy.
- the fourth embodiment of the invention differs from the first in that niobium is replaced by tantalum.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9014760A FR2669644B1 (fr) | 1990-11-26 | 1990-11-26 | Alliages et composes intermetalliques a base de niobium ou de tantale a haute resistance specifique. |
FR9014760 | 1990-11-26 | ||
PCT/FR1991/000905 WO1992009713A1 (fr) | 1990-11-26 | 1991-11-15 | Alliages et composes intermetalliques a base de niobium ou de tantale a haute resistance specifique |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0559740A1 true EP0559740A1 (fr) | 1993-09-15 |
EP0559740B1 EP0559740B1 (fr) | 1995-08-09 |
Family
ID=9402601
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92900393A Expired - Lifetime EP0559740B1 (fr) | 1990-11-26 | 1991-11-15 | Alliages et composes intermetalliques a base de niobium ou de tantale a haute resistance specifique |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0559740B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3280020B2 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE126277T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69112078T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2669644B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1992009713A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2772790B1 (fr) * | 1997-12-18 | 2000-02-04 | Snecma | ALLIAGES INTERMETALLIQUES A BASE DE TITANE DU TYPE Ti2AlNb A HAUTE LIMITE D'ELASTICITE ET FORTE RESISTANCE AU FLUAGE |
KR101708763B1 (ko) * | 2015-05-04 | 2017-03-08 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 고온 중성자 조사 손상에 강한 엔트로피 제어 bcc 합금 |
KR101884442B1 (ko) * | 2017-02-10 | 2018-08-01 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 응력-연신 상충관계 극복 하이엔트로피 합금 |
US11846008B1 (en) | 2019-09-26 | 2023-12-19 | United States Of America As Represented By Secretary Of The Air Force | Niobium alloys for high temperature, structural applications |
US11198927B1 (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-12-14 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Niobium alloys for high temperature, structural applications |
US11512371B2 (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2022-11-29 | Seoul National University R&Db Foundation | BCC dual phase refractory superalloy with high phase stability and manufacturing method therefore |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1226437A (fr) * | 1957-09-27 | 1960-07-11 | Du Pont | Alliages à base de niobium contenant du titane, du molybdène et du chrome |
US3022163A (en) * | 1959-05-18 | 1962-02-20 | Gen Motors Corp | Ductile niobium base alloy |
US4990308A (en) * | 1988-12-05 | 1991-02-05 | General Electric Company | Chromium containing high temperature Nb--Ti--Al alloy |
US4931254A (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1990-06-05 | General Electric Company | Nb-Ti-Al-Hf-Cr alloy |
-
1990
- 1990-11-26 FR FR9014760A patent/FR2669644B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-11-15 DE DE69112078T patent/DE69112078T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-15 JP JP50118592A patent/JP3280020B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-11-15 EP EP92900393A patent/EP0559740B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-11-15 WO PCT/FR1991/000905 patent/WO1992009713A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1991-11-15 AT AT92900393T patent/ATE126277T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9209713A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2669644B1 (fr) | 1993-10-22 |
JP3280020B2 (ja) | 2002-04-30 |
FR2669644A1 (fr) | 1992-05-29 |
JPH06505769A (ja) | 1994-06-30 |
EP0559740B1 (fr) | 1995-08-09 |
DE69112078D1 (de) | 1995-09-14 |
ATE126277T1 (de) | 1995-08-15 |
WO1992009713A1 (fr) | 1992-06-11 |
DE69112078T2 (de) | 1996-04-18 |
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