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EP0543322A1 - Procédé pour le nettoyage des parts métalliques - Google Patents

Procédé pour le nettoyage des parts métalliques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0543322A1
EP0543322A1 EP92119602A EP92119602A EP0543322A1 EP 0543322 A1 EP0543322 A1 EP 0543322A1 EP 92119602 A EP92119602 A EP 92119602A EP 92119602 A EP92119602 A EP 92119602A EP 0543322 A1 EP0543322 A1 EP 0543322A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpieces
wash tank
cleaning
liquid
immersion bath
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP92119602A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0543322B1 (fr
Inventor
Wilhelm Neubauer
Werner Comanns
Alexander Dr. Witte
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Aichelin GmbH
Original Assignee
Aichelin GmbH Germany
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Aichelin GmbH Germany filed Critical Aichelin GmbH Germany
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/102—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration with means for agitating the liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for treating workpieces with a liquid, in particular for cleaning metallic workpieces for a heat treatment following cleaning, and a device for carrying out the method.
  • washing in particular for cleaning and / or rinsing metallic workpieces
  • linked heat treatment systems This includes, for example, vacuum heat treatment, piercing, roller hearth, Vertical retort or multi-purpose chamber furnace systems in which bright heat treatments, various annealing processes and hardening processes as well as diffusion processes such as nitriding, nitro carburizing, carbonitriding and carburizing can be carried out.
  • chlorinated hydrocarbons e.g. tetrachlorethylene (Per) or trichlorethylene (Tri) were used in the past to clean metallic workpieces. These were ideal cleaning agents, especially for removing greases and pigment dirt, the environmental impact of which but were only known and taken into account at a later date.
  • CHC chlorinated hydrocarbons
  • tetrachlorethylene and trichlorethylene especially tetrachlorethylene and trichlorethylene
  • Trichloroethene (tri) is now suspected of causing cancer, so that this cleaning agent has practically been withdrawn from circulation in Europe.
  • a clean surface is also essential for vacuum heat treatments, bright annealing processes, coatings or the like.
  • Such water-soluble cleaning agents for example highly wash-active, mostly surfactant-containing substances, however, have a reduced solubility for fats compared to chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHC), so that the cleaning process supported by a relative movement and very highly concentrated solutions of these agents must be used and the cleaning process must be supported by a relative movement between the workpiece to be cleaned and the cleaning liquid.
  • CHC chlorinated hydrocarbons
  • the relative movement between the workpiece and the cleaning liquid is achieved in that the workpieces are sprayed by means of pivotable arms, specifically with a high exit velocity of the treatment liquid.
  • the workpieces are sprayed with the treatment liquid and the cleaning effect is a combination of a mechanical detachment of the dirt particles and a chemical effect.
  • the emulsification of the fats and oils, caused by high discharge speeds, has a disadvantageous effect on the bath condition .
  • the metal workpieces were removed from the bath or the spraying device and then by means of heated circulating air by evaporation with the help the natural heat of the parts or dried by blowing off or by means of a convection heater.
  • the cleaning agents used can only be used in a certain temperature range. If, for example, a cleaning bath has an excessively high temperature (close to 100 ° C), the cleaning agents are chemically changed and their cleaning effect deteriorates considerably. On the other hand, if the cleaning bath is not warm enough (below the cloud point or just above it), the cleaning effect also diminishes because the washing activities are no longer adequately thermally supported. The higher viscosity of the greasing complicates the chemical washing process.
  • a method for cleaning office machines and similar mechanical devices is known from DD-PS 91 177. Afterwards, the office machines mentioned are to be cleaned in a bath in which bubble columns rise, which are formed by a pulsating gas flow.
  • a cleaning device for hospital equipment is known in which cleaning fluid is moved by spraying and the like by means of compressed air.
  • a cleaning device for small machine parts in which the machine parts are introduced into a basket-like vessel, the bottom of which is formed by a grid. Below the grille is a tube ring, the top of which is provided with outlet openings for air bubbles.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a method and a device of the type mentioned in such a way that the above disadvantages are avoided and that the cleaning effect of metallic workpieces is improved overall.
  • the procedure according to the invention namely causes "underpressure boiling", ie boiling of the immersion bath already at a temperature which is significantly below the temperature at which the immersion bath would boil under ambient pressure.
  • the vapor bubbles are not only generated at the bottom of the wash tank, as in known methods, they are also generated at every location of the immersion bath, i.e. also inside blind holes, scooping surfaces and the like, which remain unreached in conventional immersion baths with injected air bubbles.
  • a further significant advantage of the method according to the invention is that it is possible to work with temperatures of the immersion bath which are clearly below the boiling temperature at ambient pressure, for example 100 ° C. It is therefore also possible to use treatment liquids whose chemical treatment additives only develop their optimum effect at temperatures significantly below 100 ° C and therefore could not be used in boiling treatment baths in the conventional procedure, because the additives mentioned adversely change their chemical properties at 100 ° C. .
  • the method according to the invention thus opens up a completely new spectrum of treatment options because treatment media can now also be used which could not previously be used for the reasons mentioned.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used particularly advantageously in the case of stacked goods or bulk goods which could not be adequately agitated with known methods and devices for injecting air bubbles into the treatment bath, because here too the air bubbles flow past the large number of workpieces.
  • there are no longer any tricks for example rotating drums in an immersion bath, in which a bulk material is accommodated in order to expose it to air bubble agitation with regard to all bulk material workpieces (e.g. screws and the like).
  • the negative pressure is set so that it corresponds to the saturation vapor pressure of the treatment liquid of the immersion bath at the temperature minus at least the hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the wash tank.
  • This measure has the advantage that the entire immersion bath is brought to a boil, even if the water column in the wash tank is relatively high.
  • a gas is blown into the immersion bath during steps d) and e).
  • the injected serves as a purge gas for a vacuum pump connected to the wash tank, which thus sucks an air / steam mixture out of the wash tank, the air component being passed through the vacuum pump and the steam fraction being able to be condensed out, as will be explained below.
  • the gas injection has the advantage that an additional Agitation can be achieved, which leads to an increased treatment effect in a conventional manner.
  • the gas is therefore blown in from the bottom of the wash tank in such a way that gas bubbles flow around the workpieces.
  • the known advantage arises that the entire tank, i.e. the entire batch of workpieces is surrounded by gas bubbles as evenly as possible.
  • the air / steam mixture is passed through a condenser, the treatment liquid which condenses out in the condenser being further preferably returned to a liquid tank.
  • This measure has the advantage that thickening or salting-out of the treatment liquid is avoided, which would occur if steam was always removed from the treatment bath while the dissolved treatment substances remained in the bath. By recycling the condensed treatment liquid, this effect is avoided, so that the method according to the invention can also be used independently in long-term operation, i.e. without refilling treatment liquids.
  • a rinsing liquid or alternatively a cleaning liquid is used as the treatment liquid.
  • the cleaning agent is water, to which a gentle, fat-dissolving cleaning agent is added, the no chemical reactions with the surface of the workpieces occur and / or such chemical reactions are not supported.
  • This measure has the advantage that no residues of the cleaning agent remain on the surface of the workpieces after washing processes.
  • the cleaning agent is neutral to slightly alkaline.
  • this measure has the advantage that metals or metal alloys in these pH ranges are not attacked by aqueous media and that such media are environmentally neutral and harmless to the people who handle the media.
  • steps b) -g) are carried out several times in succession with the same or different treatment liquids.
  • This measure has the advantage of very great flexibility because only rinsing processes, only cleaning processes or combined cleaning or rinsing processes or other treatment processes can be carried out in succession.
  • a fully demineralized water is used as the rinsing liquid and this is mixed with a detergent after step g) and used as a cleaning liquid for a further subsequent process implementation.
  • This measure has the advantage that even a "used" rinsing bath is subsequently used as a cleaning bath can, whereby fully demineralized water is particularly suitable as a starting substance for a cleaning liquid.
  • the immersion bath is circulated during step e) and cleaned outside the wash tank.
  • This measure has the advantage that long-term operation can be guaranteed without the need to supply and remove treatment fluids.
  • the immersion bath is mechanically agitated during step e).
  • This measure also has the advantage known per se that the treatment effect is increased if, in addition to the existing chemical effects and the particle removal by means of steam bubbles, a mechanical action is also exerted on the surface of the workpieces.
  • step e) is carried out for a duration of between 1 min and 20 min.
  • steps d) - f) are carried out pulsatingly.
  • This measure has the advantage that the treatment bath can be "boiled up" one or more times, with the result that the workpieces are flushed through particularly vigorously.
  • the workpieces are first flushed with a pressure-free surge of the treatment liquid throughout step b) for a period of between 1 min and 10 min, the surge having a flow rate between 100 m3 / h and 100 m3 / h per m2 workpiece surface and the treatment liquid is continuously drained from the wash tank via an outlet, while the outlet is then closed until the wash tank is filled to an overflow by the surge.
  • This measure has the advantage that in the very critical first phase of the treatment, e.g. of the cleaning process, by rinsing the workpieces with an unpressurized surge of a very large flow rate, the workpieces are already treated or cleaned to a very large extent, with the result that e.g. the subsequent cleaning steps can start with a considerably clean workpiece than is the case with the conventional procedure.
  • the pressure-free gush pouring over the workpieces with a very high flow rate also penetrates into inaccessible areas of the workpieces, forms vortices there and also takes dirt particles from there. This cannot be achieved with conventional devices in which thin liquid jets are directed onto the workpiece under high pressure, because there, on the one hand, only punctiform areas of the workpiece surface can be applied and, on the other hand, as already mentioned, inside areas are inaccessible.
  • the above-mentioned procedure has the advantage that the workpieces are rinsed for a long time even before the cleaning bath is let in, that is to say during a time when the air is injected or steam bubbles are generated would have no effect.
  • the workpieces are rinsed during step g), preferably covering the entire area by means of the pressure-free surge of the treatment liquid mentioned above and a flow rate which corresponds to 80% to 100% of the flow rate mentioned.
  • This measure has the advantage that the workpieces are never exposed to the outside air flowing in when the immersion bath is drained, which, given the high temperature at which the workpieces are located, would immediately lead to signs of corrosion and the like, since the workpieces start at this time their surface are highly active.
  • a negative pressure preferably between 60 mbar and 350 mbar, is set for a duration of 3 minutes and 10 minutes in the wash tank.
  • This measure has the advantage that the workpieces can be dried in the same wash tank by means of negative pressure.
  • the warm workpieces, which at this time are at the temperature of the immersion bath, that is to say at a temperature of, for example, 85 ° C., have generally stored enough inherent heat to evaporate the residues of treatment liquid still adhering. If a negative pressure is generated in the wash tank at this time, the evaporating liquid components removed and the workpieces are completely dry before the wash tank is opened again and the workpieces come into contact with the ambient air.
  • a device with a pressure-tight lockable wash tank which has a capacity of between 1 m3 and 10 m3, with first means for moving workpieces into the wash tank, with second means for letting the workpieces into essentially surrounding immersion bath, with an air space remaining in the wash tank above the immersion bath, and with means for generating a negative pressure in the wash tank, provided the means for generating a negative pressure are connected to the air space and are designed such that they evacuate the air space to a negative pressure which is below the saturation vapor pressure of the treatment liquid of the immersion bath at the temperature for a predetermined time.
  • a device 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a wash tank 12, a first tank 14 for a first treatment liquid, a second tank 16 for a second treatment liquid, a vacuum station 18, a filter device 20 and a device 22 for injecting a gas into the wash tank 12 on.
  • the wash tank 12 is circular in cross-section and closed at its top with a lid 26.
  • a holding device 28 which is provided for receiving a batch of workpieces 30.
  • the holding device 28 can be inserted into and removed from the wash tank 12 from above in the vertical direction with the lid 26 open.
  • the workpieces 30 are preferably metallic workpieces, i.e. Conventional machine parts, which are preferably to be subjected to a heat treatment, for example nitro carburizing, at a later point in time.
  • the workpieces 30 therefore have design-related cavities, bores and the like, which can be open upwards, downwards or to the side.
  • a drum 32 is held in the holding device 28, which is provided with a horizontal shaft 34.
  • the shaft 34 extends laterally through the wall of the wash tank 12 and is driven by a drive 36 outside the wash tank 12.
  • the drum 32 is used for receiving bulk material, not shown here.
  • the drum 32 is designed such that it is provided with openings on its circumference so that liquid and gas bubbles can pass through it while the bulk material contained in the drum 32 is retained.
  • the wash tank 12 is provided with an overflow 38 at its upper edge.
  • the overflow 38 is shown on the wash tank 12 as an overflow running around the outside.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the overflow runs on the inside of the wash tank 12. In this way, process sequences are moved into the interior of the wash tank 12, which is advantageous with regard to vacuum applications.
  • the overflow 38 is connected on the one hand via a line 40 to the second tank 16, which in the exemplary embodiment shown contains a cleaning liquid 42. Furthermore, the overflow is connected via a line 48 to the first tank 14, which contains a rinsing liquid 47 in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the lines 40 and 48 are provided with valves in order to be able to establish or block the connection between the overflow 38 and the tanks 14 and 16, as will be explained in detail below.
  • the second tank 16 containing the cleaning liquid 42 is connected via a line 41 to the suction side of a pump 43.
  • the pump 43 is connected on the output side via a line 44 to a pipe socket 46 which is arranged in the bottom of the wash tank 12.
  • Corresponding valves are also provided between tank 16 and pump 43 or pump 43 and pipe socket 46, as will be explained below.
  • the pump 43 is also connected on its suction side via a line 45 to the first tank 14 containing the rinsing liquid 47.
  • the tanks 14 and 16 are each provided with a heater 49 in the area of their bottom.
  • the tank 16 is provided with a laterally arranged pre-separator 50 which is connected to the actual interior of the tank 16 via an overflow.
  • the pre-separator 50 is also connected to the tank 16 via a line (not shown) and a pump, so that liquid can be pumped into the tank 16 by the pre-separator 50.
  • the tanks 14 and 16 are provided with an overflow weir so that floating dirt of the liquids 42 and 47 get into the pre-separator 50.
  • a skimmer again runs in the pre-separator 50 in order to collect the dirt and then to be able to remove it.
  • the pre-separator 50 is also connected to the filter device 20, which in turn has a filter 55 and an oil separator 54.
  • the filter device 20 is not absolutely necessary, it can also be connected.
  • the filter 55 serves to separate solids from the liquid coming from the pre-separator 50.
  • the purpose of the oil separator 54 is to separate oily phases from this liquid, the separated oil phase being able to be removed via an oil extraction 57 and brought to a disposal point. Liquid leaving filter 55 can be returned to tank 16.
  • the vacuum station 18 has a vacuum pump 70 which is connected to the interior of the wash tank 12 via a line 71.
  • the line 71 preferably opens into the wash tank 12 just below the overflow 38.
  • the vacuum pump 70 On the pressure side of the vacuum pump 70, it is connected to a cold trap 72 and a collector 73. There is also a valve in line 71, as will be explained later.
  • the wash tank 12 can be closed in a vacuum-tight manner in the region of the cover 26 or the overflow 28.
  • the device 22 for injecting a gas into the wash tank 12 has a pressure container 60 in which a gas under pressure is stored.
  • the pressure vessel 60 can in turn be connected to a compressor, not shown in FIG. 1. It is also possible to use a blower at this point.
  • the gas processed in device 22 is preferably air, but a non-reactive protective gas can also be used. It is also possible to design the device 22 such that the gas is warmed up before it is fed to the wash tank 12.
  • the pressure vessel 60 is connected by means of a line 61, in which corresponding pressure control or pressure reducing valves are arranged, to a connecting piece 62 extending through the wall of the wash tank 12. From there, the line 61 leads to a plate-shaped hollow body 63, which is arranged in the region of the bottom of the interior of the wash tank 12.
  • the plate-shaped hollow body 63 the plate plane of which extends approximately horizontally, preferably fills the inner cross section of the wash tank 12 as completely as possible in the region of the floor.
  • the aim should be that the dimensions of the hollow body 63, in vertical view, are approximately the same size as the dimensions of the holding device 28.
  • the plate-shaped hollow body 63 can be constructed from stainless steel sheets, the stainless steel sheet forming the upper plate surface being provided with openings 65.
  • the openings 65 consist of bores which have a diameter of approximately 1 mm and are arranged at a distance of preferably 25 mm from one another.
  • a porous ceramic can also be used, which encloses an air distributor pipe and through whose pores the air flows.
  • the device 10 shown in FIG. 1 also has an electronic control unit 75, via the inputs 76 of which process parameters can be entered, while the outputs 77 control the units of the device 10, in particular the numerous valves and pumps.
  • the cover 26 of the wash tank 12 is opened (not shown) in order to move the holder 28 with the workpieces 30 into the wash tank 12 from above by means of a crane or the like.
  • the wash tank 12 is closed again by closing the lid 26.
  • the closure does not yet have to be vacuum-tight, but it should at least protect against splashing water.
  • the heater 49 in the second tank 16 is initially set with the cleaning liquid 42 in preparation for carrying out the method, and in parallel the heater 49 in the first tank 14 is also set with the rinsing liquid 47, provided that a rinsing process is desired.
  • the cleaning liquid 42 and optionally the rinsing liquid 47 are heated to a temperature between 50 ° C. and 90 ° C., preferably in the range between 80 ° C. and 90 ° C. This is a temperature at which cleaning agents and detergents (if added) have their optimal working range, since the agents mentioned change chemically at even higher temperatures and the cleaning and rinsing effects decrease at lower temperatures.
  • the control unit 75 opens the necessary valves.
  • a valve 41a is opened in line 41, which connects second tank 16 to the suction side of pump 43.
  • a valve 51a in the line 51 is opened, which connects the pressure side of the pump 43 to the surge shower 52.
  • a valve 67a in line 67 is opened, which connects line pipe 65, which acts as a drain, of wash tank 12 to second tank 16 via line 66.
  • a circuit of cleaning liquid 42 is established, which leads from the second tank 16 via the valve 41a, the line 41, the pump 43, the line 51, the valve 51a to the surge shower 52.
  • the delivery rate of the pump 43 and the flow cross-sections of the valves 41a and 51a are so dimensioned via the electronic control unit 75 that an unpressurized surge 80 of cleaning liquid 42 emerges from the surge shower 52, the flow rate of which is in the range between 100 m3 / h and 300 m3 / h per m2 surface of the workpieces 30 is set.
  • the surge 80 thus flushes the workpieces 30 without pressure and reaches the second tank 16 again via the pipe socket 65 which acts as a drain, the lines 66 and 67 and the opened valve 67a.
  • the workpieces 30 are pre-cleaned by the non-pressurized surge 80 because the surge 80 entrains and removes adhering dirt, in particular pigment dirt, but also greases.
  • the cleaning liquid 42 preferably consists of an aqueous solution of a non-foaming neutral cleaner with temporary corrosion protection.
  • a neutral cleaner has a relatively weak oil emulsifying effect, but is absolutely environmentally friendly and does not attack the goods to be cleaned, nor do people who handle this liquid are affected in any way.
  • the weakly alkaline temporary corrosion protection remains as a thin protective layer on the workpieces and can be completely evaporated at temperatures above 300 ° C without leaving any residue.
  • the method step explained above with reference to FIG. 2 is carried out for a period of preferably between one minute and 10 minutes.
  • control unit 75 switches to a next method step, which is illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • an immersion bath 83 is formed in the wash tank 12, the level 85 of which rises continuously, as indicated by an arrow 86.
  • the wash tank 12 thus fills continuously with a warm cleaning immersion bath 83 and this process step continues until a fill level indicator (not shown) detects that the liquid level 85 has reached the overflow 38. As soon as this is the case, the present method step is ended.
  • FIG. 4 shows the next process step in which the bath 83 is circulated and agitated.
  • connection between the second tank 16 and the surge shower 52 is initially maintained but, for example by reducing the delivery capacity of the pump 43, for example by 30% to 80% reduced, so that only a much smaller surge 80 'emerges from the surge shower 52.
  • the control unit 75 now opens a valve 40a in the line 40 between the overflow 38 and the second tank 16, so that the cleaning liquid 42 flowing over the overflow 38 can flow into the second tank 16.
  • valve 51a in the line 51 to the surge shower 52 can alternatively be closed and a connecting valve 51b can be opened, which connects the pressure side of the pump 53 to the bottom of the wash tank 12.
  • control unit 75 actuates the device 22 for injecting gas by opening a valve 61a in the line 61 between the pressure vessel 60 and the plate-shaped hollow body 63.
  • the gas or the air which emerge from the plate-shaped hollow body 63 are there under a pressure which is slightly above the ambient pressure prevailing there in the area of the openings 65.
  • the compressed air exits through the numerous openings 65 as small gas beads from the plate-shaped Hollow bodies 63, which then flow rapidly upwards to the overflow 38 due to the pressing pressure and their buoyancy.
  • the air bubbles flowing out of the openings 65 do not run through the numerous impingement points of the holding device 28 or the workpieces 30 contained therein in a straight line direction, but in a serpentine, partially swirled path.
  • the air bubbles also pass through the drum 32, so that the bulk material received there is also flowed around in a pearly manner when the drum 32 rotates.
  • the valve 61a can either be kept open continuously by the control device 75, the intensity of the agitation being able to be influenced by the air flow. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to alternately open and close the valve 61a in a predetermined manner, so that pulsating pressure surges are used. In this way, for example, the compressed air can be briefly pressed into the wash tank 10 at 5-10 bar at intervals of approximately 10-15 seconds.
  • non-foaming neutral cleaner ensures that no excessive foam is formed even when it is blown intensively into the wash tank 12.
  • the cleaning liquid 42 is at the working temperature, the workpieces 30 are degreased by means of the detergent substances in the detergent, for example anionic surfactants, i.e. cleaned of adhering lubricating oils and the like.
  • the amount of the circulated liquid which is supplied by the pump 43 in this process step can also be adjusted depending on the degree of contamination of the workpieces 30.
  • the delivery capacity of the pump 43 can also be changed over the course of this method step, for example by working first with a higher throughput and then with a lower throughput.
  • the method step explained above with reference to FIG. 4 is preferably carried out for a period between 3 minutes and 15 minutes.
  • control unit 75 switches to the next method step, which is explained with reference to FIG. 5.
  • control unit 75 switches the pump 43 back to a delivery rate that corresponds wholly or almost to the delivery rate of the method step explained with reference to FIG. 3.
  • a surge 80 now emerges from the surge shower 52, the flow rate of which is between 100 m3 / h and 300 m3 / h.
  • the valve 67a in the line 67 is opened again, so that the bath 83 runs out of the wash tank 12, as indicated by the arrow 86 'pointing downward on the liquid level 85 in FIG. 5.
  • the continuous pressure-free rinsing of the workpieces 30 in the process step illustrated in FIG. 5 has the following meaning: If, by draining the bath 83, the liquid level 85 drops, it can happen that dirt particles that float during emptying settle on the workpieces 30 when the liquid level 85 passes through these workpieces. However, this is prevented by the fact that abundant fresh, ie cleaned, cleaning liquid 42 is constantly supplied from above, namely from the surge shower 52, because the workpieces 30 are then continuously rinsed even when the bath 83 is drained.
  • the control unit 75 switches over to the next method step, which is shown in FIG. 6.
  • the cover 26 of the wash tank 12 must be closed in a pressure-tight manner.
  • the control unit 75 now opens a valve 71a in the line 71 between the interior of the wash tank 12 and the vacuum pump 70. At the same time, the vacuum pump 70 is switched on.
  • the workpieces 30 at this time have the temperature of the bath 83, i.e. are at a temperature of, for example, 80 ° C and 90 ° C.
  • the vacuum pump 70 now generates a vacuum in the interior of the wash tank 12. At about 800 mbar, the evaporation of the residual liquid starts on the workpieces 30 and the water vapor is, as indicated in FIG. 6 with arrows 90, via the line 71 sucked off.
  • the vacuum pump 70 now reduces the pressure in the wash tank 12 to 200-300 mbar, which corresponds to the steam pressure at a water temperature of 60 ° C - 80 ° C.
  • the liquid still on the workpieces 30 consequently evaporates, the evaporation process taking place more quickly on flat surfaces than in the area of bores, cavities or so-called scooping surfaces, ie depressions of the workpieces 30 opening upwards.
  • the drying process is maintained for a period of between 3 minutes and 10 minutes. As soon as the last liquid has evaporated from the workpieces 30, the pressure in the interior of the wash tank 12 drops suddenly, for example to 70-80 mbar, because there is no longer any liquid to evaporate.
  • the drying process is ended by the control unit 75 by means of a suitable time control or, if appropriate, by a pressure sensor (not shown) which registers and reports this pressure drop.
  • a treatment step with a further treatment liquid can now follow or even before the drying process, for example rinsing the workpieces 30 with the rinsing liquid 47 contained in the first tank 14 same, so that in this respect reference can be made to the description of FIGS. 2-5.
  • the liquid in question for example the cleaning liquid 42, is continuously cleaned, as initially described 1 was explained in connection with the filter device 20.
  • the device 10 operates completely independently, i.e. no need to add or remove treatment fluids during operation.
  • demineralized water is used as the basis for the treatment liquids.
  • the fully demineralized water can initially be used as a rinsing liquid 47, because this prevents salt stains from forming on the workpieces after the rinsing during the drying process (FIG. 6), which interfere with the subsequent heat treatment, in particular with nitro carburizing.
  • the rinsing liquid 47 can be prepared by adding suitable cleaning agents even when it can no longer be used as a rinsing liquid and can be used as a cleaning liquid 42 for subsequent washing processes. In this way too, extreme use can be made of the liquids used without having to refill new liquids.
  • the line 71 'between the vacuum pump 70 and the wash tank 12 is expediently connected to the cover 26.
  • the vacuum pump 70 is switched on via the control device 75 and at the same time the valve 71a 'in the line 71' is opened.
  • the vacuum pump 70 Since the bath 83 is filled up to the overflow 38 in this process state, the vacuum pump 70 generates a strong negative pressure in the remaining small air space 91 in the area of the surge shower 52.
  • the negative pressure is now set so that the bath 83 begins to boil despite the temperature of 100 ° C. being below the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure.
  • the vacuum must be set so that it corresponds to the saturation vapor pressure of water at the respective lower temperature and the hydrostatic pressure in the wash tank 12 is also taken into account, i.e. the height of the liquid column inside the tank.
  • the bath 83 begins to boil, even though its temperature is below 100 ° C.
  • the boiling of the bath 83 has the result that steam bubbles form at every point in the bath 83, that is to say not only on the surfaces of the workpieces 30, but rather also in cavities, bores, blind bores, scoops and the like.
  • the vapor bubbles thus also arise at those locations on the workpieces that cannot be reached by air bubbles that were generated by the device 22 for injecting gas.
  • the rising steam bubbles take along dirt particles via adhesive forces, with the result that blind bores, scooping surfaces and the like can also be cleaned by taking dirt particles with them.
  • the intensity of the boiling can be varied by adjusting the negative pressure accordingly via the vacuum pump 70.
  • the dirt carried up by the steam bubbles during the vacuum cooking collects on the surface of the bath and can be removed from the wash tank 12 in the manner already described via the overflow 38 after the cooking phase has ended.
  • the cooking of the bath 83 can be provided both during cleaning and during rinsing, because the chemical cleaning process is supported during cleaning, while the difficult to access spaces can be rinsed out in the manner mentioned during rinsing. It goes without saying that the Vacuum cooking a circulation and / or agitation of the bath 83 is possible.
  • the suction side of the pump 43 is connected to the pipe socket 65 via a line 95, a valve 95a being arranged in the line 95.
  • the corresponding treatment liquid can now be sucked off the pipe socket 65 despite the negative pressure prevailing in the wash tank 12 and added again via the surge shower 52. It is understood that in this case as well, suitable measures can be used to continuously clean the respective treatment liquid (not shown).
  • a condenser 92 is arranged in the line 71 'because the vacuum pump 70 sucks off the vapor of the respective treatment liquid in the manner described and this vapor should not get into the vacuum pump 70. For this reason, an appropriate supply of air will ensure that the vacuum pump 70 always draws in a mixture of air and steam, the steam in the condenser 92 then precipitating out and being supplied to the respective tanks for the treatment liquids. This has the advantage that the treatment liquids do not thicken, i.e. Salt up by keeping the water loss as low as possible.
  • the amount of steam for the vacuum pump 70 is reduced by the amount of condensed steam, so that the vacuum pump 70 can be economically small.
  • the vacuum pump 70 since the vacuum pump 70, as already mentioned, can only pump out saturated air, the air required by the vacuum pump 70 becomes preferably supplied via the hollow body 63. You can measure the air required by the vacuum pump 70 so that it just corresponds to the amount of flotation air.
  • vacuum cooking can now be integrated in a variety of ways into the method steps explained further above with reference to FIGS. 2-6:
  • vacuum cooking can be used permanently in the immersion process, with the result that cooking is carried out under vacuum during the entire cleaning or rinsing time.
  • vacuum cooking in the immersion process can also be used for floating, i.e. each for part of the cleaning or rinsing time.
  • the vacuum cooking method can also be used in a pulsating manner by appropriate setting by means of the control device 75, be it during the entire cleaning or rinsing time or during individual time segments.
  • a pulsating vacuum boiling can be achieved in this case by strongly evacuating the wash tank 12 until the boiling effect sets in or almost sets in, in order to then bring to a boil by the sudden addition of fresh air, i.e. to cause a pressure release.
  • the fresh air can be supplied via the hollow body 63 or also via the surge shower 52.
  • the step of vacuum cooking can last from 1 min to 20 min.
  • FIG. 8 shows a variant of a device 100, only one wash tank 104 being shown here, which largely corresponds to the wash tank 12 of the device 10 according to FIGS. 1-7. Therefore, essentially only the deviating elements will be described below and in Fig. 8 the same reference numerals have been used for corresponding components.
  • the wash tank 104 is also designed as a container which is approximately circular in cross section and is provided on its bottom with a pipe socket 105, which is intended here to represent the pipe socket 46 and 65 of the wash tank 12 according to FIGS. 1-7.
  • the wash tank 100 also has a drum 106 which can be rotated about a horizontal axis 108 via a drive 107. Hexagonal workpieces 110, 110 ' « are contained in the drum 106.
  • the wash tank 104 is provided with an overflow 111, which is connected both to the second tank 16, which contains the cleaning liquid 42, and to the first tank 14, which contains the rinsing liquid 47.
  • the wash tank 104 is connected to the vacuum station 18 via a side connection.
  • a connection piece 114 can also be present in the cover 112.
  • the surge shower 113 is arranged on the inside of the cover 112 and, in the manner already explained several times, serves to flush the workpieces 110 accommodated in the interior of the wash tank 104 with a surge without pressure.
  • the wash tank 104 is filled with the cleaning liquid 42 up to the overflow 111.
  • the wash tank 104 there is a holder 118 which carries various other workpieces 120.
  • a device 122 for injecting gas (in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the gas is nitrogen) consists of a hollow body 126 which has a bottom part 130 and a side part 131.
  • the side part 131 extends on one side of the holder 118 and surrounds it at least over a large part of its circumference.
  • the hollow body 126 is again provided on the side facing the holder 118, as previously described, with numerous openings, which are designed as nozzles 128 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8.
  • the nitrogen coming from the pressure vessel 60 emerges from the nozzles 128 in the form of fine beads or bubbles 127.
  • the bubbles 127 flow completely around the workpieces 120, as is indicated, for example, by an arrow 136.
  • Providing the side part 131 also produces a laterally directed bubble flow, as is indicated, for example, by the arrow 139. This creates an upwardly curved line because the bubbles emerging from the side nozzles 128 soon tend to rise due to the buoyancy.
  • the pressure of the gas bubbles 127 emerging from the side nozzles 128 is adjusted during a cleaning process so that they reach at least approximately the longitudinal central axis of the wash tank 104, i.e. seen in the section of Fig. 8, as indicated by the arrow 138, extend at least over half the width in the lateral direction.
  • the side part 131 which at least partially surrounds the holder 118, ensures that rapid cleaning is possible even with workpieces 120 of complex shape.
  • the hollow body 126 can be subdivided into a top section 134, a middle section 135 and a bottom section via separating slides 132 and 133, so that, depending on the type of goods received in the wash tank 104, gas 141 only in the area of the bottom or also one or more one above the other arranged side areas is pressed.
  • the rising gas beads 127 also generate a secondary flow, as indicated by an arrow 137.
  • the liquid received in the wash tank 104 then flows in a circulating circuit.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show yet another exemplary embodiment of devices according to the invention, as can be used to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • a device for cleaning, in particular, metallic workpieces which comprises a wash tank 151.
  • a holder 152 for workpieces is in turn provided in the wash tank 151.
  • the arrangement is so that the holder 152 can be removed from the wash tank 151 in the horizontal direction via a loading door 153.
  • the loading door 153 is preferably displaceable in the vertical direction, as indicated by an arrow.
  • the liquids and gases can be supplied and discharged via lines 154, 155 and 156 in the manner already explained in detail, with no differences arising in the course of the method.
  • surge shower 157 which also delivers a pressure-free water surge in the device 150, even if the area of action is greater in the horizontal construction shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 than in the vertical arrangement in FIGS. 1-8.
  • the wash tank 151 is arranged on a frame 160 which at the same time holds the tanks 161, 162 for the treatment liquids.
  • the tanks 161, 162 are again provided for the cleaning liquid and the rinsing liquid.
  • an additional heater can be provided in the wash tank 12 in order to be able to work with cooler parts or to be able to dry even with large amounts of water remaining by the additional heater applying the required additional heat of vaporization.
  • Ultrasonic generators can also be provided in the wash tank 12 in a manner known per se, in order to cope with extreme physical Forces to cause cavitation in the treatment liquid. In this way it is possible to be able to remove inorganic substances which are difficult to adhere to the workpieces, as well as impurities which have worked into the surface of the workpieces.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
EP92119602A 1991-11-22 1992-11-17 Procédé pour le nettoyage des parts métalliques Expired - Lifetime EP0543322B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4138400 1991-11-22
DE4138400A DE4138400C1 (fr) 1991-11-22 1991-11-22

Publications (2)

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EP0543322A1 true EP0543322A1 (fr) 1993-05-26
EP0543322B1 EP0543322B1 (fr) 1996-03-13

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Country Status (12)

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US (1) US5268036B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0543322B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3013635B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR960003158B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1072739A (fr)
AT (1) ATE135268T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9204610A (fr)
CZ (1) CZ283370B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE4138400C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2085536T3 (fr)
HU (1) HU210266B (fr)
RU (1) RU2108172C1 (fr)

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EP2212906B1 (fr) 2007-10-27 2022-02-16 LPW Reinigungssysteme GmbH Procédé de nucléation cyclique
EP3717141B1 (fr) 2018-03-28 2022-01-26 LPW Reinigungssysteme GmbH Procédé et dispositif de mise à disposition d'un milieu par nucléation cyclique
DE102023111570A1 (de) 2022-12-14 2024-06-20 Ecoclean Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln von Werkstücken

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CZ344592A3 (en) 1993-09-15
JPH06264274A (ja) 1994-09-20
US5268036A (en) 1993-12-07
JP3013635B2 (ja) 2000-02-28
EP0543322B1 (fr) 1996-03-13
ES2085536T3 (es) 1996-06-01
CZ283370B6 (cs) 1998-04-15
ATE135268T1 (de) 1996-03-15
CN1072739A (zh) 1993-06-02
RU2108172C1 (ru) 1998-04-10
KR960003158B1 (ko) 1996-03-05
KR930010232A (ko) 1993-06-22
BR9204610A (pt) 1993-05-25
US5268036B1 (en) 1997-08-26
DE59205678D1 (de) 1996-04-18
HU9203643D0 (en) 1993-03-01
HUT63789A (en) 1993-10-28
HU210266B (en) 1995-03-28
DE4138400C1 (fr) 1993-02-18

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