EP0542951B1 - Verfahren zum vergüten eines schienenfahrzeugrades - Google Patents
Verfahren zum vergüten eines schienenfahrzeugrades Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0542951B1 EP0542951B1 EP92910396A EP92910396A EP0542951B1 EP 0542951 B1 EP0542951 B1 EP 0542951B1 EP 92910396 A EP92910396 A EP 92910396A EP 92910396 A EP92910396 A EP 92910396A EP 0542951 B1 EP0542951 B1 EP 0542951B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wheel
- temperature
- tempering
- rail vehicle
- isothermal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/34—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tyres; for rims
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for isothermal tempering a wheel for rail vehicles with the on the points of the wheel surface that are subject to wear pearlitic structure is generated.
- the strength and toughness of the rail wheels can also be increased by adding alloying elements.
- the prior art includes AT-A-344 241, DE-A-24 57 719, DE-A-24 25 187 and DE-A-31 11 420 A1, as well as the publications Haverkamp K. -D., Forch K. and Manyr K .: Influence of R e / R m and Strain Hardening on the Wear Behavior of Wheels, lecture collection for the International Wheels Congress Montreal 1988, Catot B. and Tourrade J.-C., manifests nuances d 'acier pour roues monoblocs, Revue i des Chemins de Fer 105 (1986), pp. 169/180, and Forch K., 15 years of wheel / rail research program of the Federal Ministry for Research and Technology-Wheel Research, Thyssen Technical Reports, H2 (1985 ), Pp. 228/232.
- Remuneration is based on a customary procedure from a continuous cooling process from the austenitizing temperature to temperatures below the formation of martensite without an intermediate stopping time and a subsequent starting process.
- the the resulting structure leads to a reduction in wear, however reacts in its wear characteristics overly sensitive to fluctuations in hardness in the tread area, which means continuous operation Deviations from the geometric roundness of the wheels occur. Especially under high speed conditions follow from this unacceptable Vibration exposure for vehicle and passenger.
- DE-B-1 261 149 describes a method for tempering rail vehicle wheels known with which an independent of the wheel hardness Wear behavior achieved in the tread area becomes. Isothermal tempering creates a pearlitic structure generated, which leads to lower wear resistance, which, however, is approximately constant regardless of the hardness. This also applies to those arising from this type of remuneration Printing properties prevented. According to a variant, controlled cooling and subsequent tempering becomes one achieved higher wear resistance, but that of the Hardness is dependent.
- the present invention is therefore the Based on the task to create a procedure for the remuneration of wheels, as initially mentioned was defined.
- This is a heat treatment of the wheel material or at least to provide parts of the same, both for full rail vehicle wheels as well as for two-piece rail vehicle wheels.
- This treatment needs to be more common Rail wheel qualities an independent of the wheel hardness Wear behavior in the tread area guarantee.
- the material should be after the heat treatment have a uniform wear behavior with the highest possible hardness overall, in particular high tread hardness, so that the friction work lower in operation.
- ZTU diagrams In these time / temperature conversion diagrams (ZTU diagrams), two curves C-shaped are drawn in between FIGS. 1 to 3 between temperatures A 1 and M s .
- a 1 means the highest transformation temperature at which the austenite transformation begins, while M s represents the limit temperature below which martensite forms immediately, the amount of which increases as the cooling decreases.
- the solid curves represent the course of the heat treatment of the rail wheel material parts.
- the wheel material is first brought to at least the austenitizing temperature A 3 and then quenched in such a way that the martensite forming temperature M s according to line 1 is not reached. This quenching process is finished in point 2.
- the austenite transformation according to Fig. 1 is not completely isothermal, but quasi-isothermal.
- the temperature remains in the mean constant and above 300 ° C as this is the chosen one Line 5 shows.
- the desired effect of remuneration will be reached when inside the wheel rim cross section through intermittent cooling and subsequent Warming from the core area or, if necessary, the temperatures such as by external heat supply that vary as a result of structural change the desired hardness is achieved. It is m.a.W. a quasi-isothermal in the area of austenite transformation Intermittent treatment by cooling and heating evenly, in the sense of Fig. 3, curve 9, or increasing, in the sense of FIG. 2, curve 8, performed. This curve can basically also be falling.
- this will be at the austenitizing temperature heated wheel 10 completely in one Metal or salt bath 11 immersed in the conversion in the desired structural level.
- the temperature the bath is in a corresponding manner, for example by means of Heat removal through a heat exchanger 12, see hold isothermal long until austenite transformation completed in the corresponding bike areas and thus the isothermal coating of the wheel.
- the remuneration takes place in the partial immersion bath according to FIG. 5 of the wheel rim even with only partial coverage the wheel through a bath 11, for example a metal, Oil, salt or water bath.
- a bath 11 for example a metal, Oil, salt or water bath.
- Rotational speed of the wheel is ensured that in the relevant areas of the wheel 10 sets a steady temperature condition. Also here there is a heat extraction corresponding to that according to Fig. 4.
- the device according to FIG. 6 enables the temperature to be reduced sufficient for the isothermal process rotating rapidly around a holding device 13 Wheel body 14 when passing through the pliers-like Cooling segment 15, in the 16 the wheel rim is cooled with water. In the case insufficient self-heating is due to that located opposite inductive heating segment 17 with the inductive Grinding 18 a wheel heating possible.
- the Integration of both segments in a control loop enables an isothermal heat treatment with low temperature fluctuation range.
- the wheel body 19 is vertical on one turntable that can be raised and lowered into the cooling or heating zone 23 fixed. The isothermal process is through corresponding movement of the turntable 23 completed.
- Fig. 8 shows a further device, which from each one arranged side by side on one level shower 24 and inductive heating ring 25 is constructed.
- One horizontally and vertically below the two rings sliding turntable 26 with fixed thereon Wheel body 27 takes over the necessary transport the same in the cooling and heating zone as required of the isothermal remuneration process.
- FIG. 9 An analog device is shown in FIG. 9, in which Heating 28 and cooling rings 29 are arranged.
- the transport of the wheel body 30 by a appropriate handling machine 31 made so that, the requirements of thermal quality treatment accordingly, the wheel body from above is immersed in the heating 28 or cooling ring 29.
- the described quasi-isothermal coating of the wheel rim creates a structure in which material characteristics above the quality R8 shown in UIC 812-3 are achieved.
- the tread and the flange are quenched in their cross-section and over their entire circumference, for example by water cooled down to near freezing point, to a temperature that is optimally adapted to the structural condition and lies above M s , and furthermore over a longer one, from the Depending on the composition of the wheel material, the temperature was kept constant at this temperature and cooled in air after the desired structural state had been set.
- the resulting material structure meets the requirements which on a rail vehicle wheel for pure disc-braked wheelsets are placed in its Opposed properties by making it an overall higher Coefficient of friction in the event of stress between Wheel and rail as well as one that is almost independent of its hardness Has wear behavior. Served for this the solution according to the invention becomes more austenite-stabilizing Alloy elements, especially one increased manganese, which is also improvement serves the isothermal remuneration.
- an austenite stabilizing Alloying element should be according to UIC 812-3 given steel compositions are selected, with the lower C contents (e.g. R7) to be preferred are.
- the desired hardness values should refer to the upper limit values (e.g. for R9).
- the heat treatment methods specified for solid wheels are on wheel tires using a holding device applicable accordingly.
- a rail vehicle wheel treated in this way is largely free of residual stress, so that the tendency to axial faults caused by internal stresses, decrease even without starting the wheel becomes. This also makes a different location Wear on the wheel circumference avoided because operational hardening of the wheel tread no longer any influence on the wear behavior to take.
- the wheel material is one according to the invention Rail vehicle wheel a carbonaceous Steel with manganese / silicon or manganese / vanadium additives.
- This allows for special needs the remuneration of a rail wheel as Part of a purely disc braked wheelset the optimal boundary conditions are guaranteed.
- the tensile strength and Yield strength per se of soft steels by 100 N / mm2 each 1% Mn increased.
- the effect is with tempered steels even stronger.
- the manganese content lowers the critical cooling rate and increases the depth of hardening.
- a rail vehicle wheel manufactured according to the invention is used for this purpose targeted to a purely disc braked Wheel set designed. It largely shows one resulting isothermal austenite transformation Material condition in the rim or tire on the under the most common wheel / rail stress conditions one much less hard here Dependency of wear behavior shows than others Structural states.
- Such a rail vehicle wheel can also a higher wheel / rail coefficient of friction and shows no tendency to discard the wheel disc.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Suspension Of Electric Lines Or Cables (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1 bis 3
- isotherme ZTU-Schaubilder für die Austenitumwandlung in einen Kohlenstoffstahl mit Perlit-Ferrit-Gefüge;
- Fig. 4
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Vollradvergütungsbades;
- Fig. 5
- eine Ansicht eines Partialtauchbades zur Vergütung des Radkranzes;
- Fig. 6
- ein Duschbad mit Duschring;
- Fig. 7
- eine weitere Vorrichtung zum Wärmebehandeln eines Schienenrades auf der Basis von Induktionsströmen;
- Fig. 8 und 9
- je eine Anordnung analog derjenigen gemäss Fig. 7 mit jeweils nebeneinander angeordnetem Dusch- und Induktions-Heizring.
Claims (4)
- Verfahren zum isothermen Vergüten von Teilen eines Rades für Schienenfahrzeuge, mit dem an den auf Verschleiss beanspruchten Stellen der Radoberfläche durch Wärmebehandlung ein perlitischer Gefügezustand erzeugt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Bereich der Austenitumwandlung die Abkühlung zur Vermeidung von Druckeigenspannungen intermittierend durch Kühlung und Erwärmung durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abkühlung mit einer kleinfrequenten oder grossfrequenten Intermittierung erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die intermittierende Behandlung im Bereich der Austenitumwandlung quasi isotherm, steigend oder fallend durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach der Austenitumwandlung die Temperatur nochmals erhöht wird, aber unterhalb der Austenitisierungstemperatur bleibt.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH163391 | 1991-06-03 | ||
CH1633/91 | 1991-06-03 | ||
PCT/CH1992/000104 WO1992021782A1 (de) | 1991-06-03 | 1992-06-01 | Schienenfahrzeugrad, verfahren zu dessen vergütung sowie vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0542951A1 EP0542951A1 (de) | 1993-05-26 |
EP0542951B1 true EP0542951B1 (de) | 1998-03-04 |
Family
ID=4215015
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92910396A Expired - Lifetime EP0542951B1 (de) | 1991-06-03 | 1992-06-01 | Verfahren zum vergüten eines schienenfahrzeugrades |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0542951B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE163684T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU1759792A (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ31293A3 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59209215D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0542951T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2114937T3 (de) |
FI (1) | FI930983A0 (de) |
GR (1) | GR3026331T3 (de) |
NO (1) | NO930611D0 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1992021782A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3580938B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-05 | 2004-10-27 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | 昇温ベイナイト処理法 |
DE102007039385B3 (de) * | 2007-08-21 | 2009-01-02 | Evseenko, Valerij Vladimirovič | Verfahren zur lokalen Festigung von Eisenbahnradsätzen |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB436530A (en) * | 1934-04-12 | 1935-10-14 | Christer Peter Sandberg | Improved heat treatment of steel tyres or wheels |
FR835224A (fr) * | 1937-04-21 | 1938-12-15 | Bochumer Ver Fu R Guszstahlfab | Procédé et dispositif pour la trempe de pièces profilées |
DE1261149B (de) * | 1963-06-24 | 1968-02-15 | Gustav Polzin Dr Ing | Verfahren zur Herstellung von verschleissfesten Radreifen von Schienenfahrzeugen |
DE1433715A1 (de) * | 1964-01-17 | 1968-12-12 | Breitenbach Gmbh Ed | Verfahren zur Waermebehandlung von schweren Werkstuecken aus Schmiede- oder Gussstahl |
DE1955949C3 (de) * | 1969-11-06 | 1974-03-14 | Institut Tschernoj Metallurgii, Dnepropetrowsk (Sowjetunion) | Verfahren zum Härten von Eisenbahnrädern |
DE2457719C3 (de) * | 1974-12-06 | 1979-10-11 | Fried. Krupp Huettenwerke Ag, 4630 Bochum | Werkstoff für Schienenräder |
-
1992
- 1992-06-01 ES ES92910396T patent/ES2114937T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-01 EP EP92910396A patent/EP0542951B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-06-01 DK DK92910396T patent/DK0542951T3/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-06-01 AU AU17597/92A patent/AU1759792A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-06-01 DE DE59209215T patent/DE59209215D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-06-01 WO PCT/CH1992/000104 patent/WO1992021782A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-06-01 AT AT92910396T patent/ATE163684T1/de active
-
1993
- 1993-02-22 NO NO930611A patent/NO930611D0/no unknown
- 1993-03-02 CZ CZ93312A patent/CZ31293A3/cs unknown
- 1993-03-05 FI FI930983A patent/FI930983A0/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1998
- 1998-03-11 GR GR980400524T patent/GR3026331T3/el unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1759792A (en) | 1993-01-08 |
EP0542951A1 (de) | 1993-05-26 |
NO930611D0 (no) | 1993-02-22 |
ES2114937T3 (es) | 1998-06-16 |
ATE163684T1 (de) | 1998-03-15 |
FI930983L (fi) | 1993-03-05 |
WO1992021782A1 (de) | 1992-12-10 |
DE59209215D1 (de) | 1998-04-09 |
GR3026331T3 (en) | 1998-06-30 |
FI930983A0 (fi) | 1993-03-05 |
DK0542951T3 (da) | 1998-12-28 |
CZ31293A3 (en) | 1993-11-17 |
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