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EP0465118B1 - Schmierölzusätze - Google Patents

Schmierölzusätze Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0465118B1
EP0465118B1 EP91305809A EP91305809A EP0465118B1 EP 0465118 B1 EP0465118 B1 EP 0465118B1 EP 91305809 A EP91305809 A EP 91305809A EP 91305809 A EP91305809 A EP 91305809A EP 0465118 B1 EP0465118 B1 EP 0465118B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alkali metal
mass
oil
detergent
lubricating oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91305809A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0465118A1 (de
Inventor
Philip Reeve
Dale Robert Carroll
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
Original Assignee
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB909014483A external-priority patent/GB9014483D0/en
Priority claimed from GB909014520A external-priority patent/GB9014520D0/en
Application filed by Exxon Chemical Patents Inc filed Critical Exxon Chemical Patents Inc
Publication of EP0465118A1 publication Critical patent/EP0465118A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0465118B1 publication Critical patent/EP0465118B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
    • C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
    • C10M135/28—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C10M135/30—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having a phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/14—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having a phosphorus-to-carbon bond containing sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/123—Reaction products obtained by phosphorus or phosphorus-containing compounds, e.g. P x S x with organic compounds
    • C10M159/126—Reaction products obtained by phosphorus or phosphorus-containing compounds, e.g. P x S x with organic compounds with hydrocarbon polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C10M159/22—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing phenol radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M159/12—Reaction products
    • C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
    • C10M159/24—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing sulfonic radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
    • C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046—Overbased sulfonic acid salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/088—Neutral salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/089—Overbased salts
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/065—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
    • C10M2223/121—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy of alcohols or phenols
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    • C10M2225/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2225/04—Organic macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of macromolecualr compounds not containing phosphorus in the monomers
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    • C10M2225/041—Hydrocarbon polymers
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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    • C10N2040/251—Alcohol-fuelled engines
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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    • C10N2040/28—Rotary engines
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    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

  • This invention relates to additives for crankcase lubricating oils, and more particularly relates to additives for enhancing the action of antiwear agents, especially additives for promoting a reduction in wear when an engine is operating at low temperatures.
  • Crankcase lubricating oils normally contain one or more antiwear agents, that is, agents which reduce the wear of metal parts.
  • antiwear agents include dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salts, the zinc salts being the most widely used.
  • Such zinc salts known as ZDDPs, may be prepared by, for example, first forming a dithiophosphoric acid, usually by reaction of an alcohol or a phenol with P2S5, and then neutralising the dithiophosphoric acid with a zinc compound, for example, zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide or zinc carbonate, optionally in the presence of a promoter.
  • Typical ZDDPs used as antiwear agents in crankcase lubricants have the formula Zn[SP(S)(OR)(OR1)]2 where R and R1 may be the same or different hydrocarbyl radicals containing from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms.
  • detergent refers to a salt of an acidic organic compound, the salt having a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion such that it is capable of acting as a surfactant.
  • the detergents with which the invention is concerned are those suitable for use in lubricating oils, and include neutral and overbased metal salts of organic acids, for example, neutral and overbased sulphonates, phenates, phosphonates, thiophosphonates, salicylates and naphthenates.
  • GB-A-2 033 923 A discloses lubricating oil compositions used in marine crosshead engines, the compositions containing an alkali metal detergent for enhancing storage and thermal stability and providing corrosion protection, and alkaline earth metal detergents for ensuring good antiwear performance.
  • Two Examples refer to compositions containing ZDDPs.
  • the present invention provides the use of an alkali metal detergent which is suitable for use in lubricating oils and which is a neutral or overbased alkali metal salt of an acidic organic compound, as an additive for improving the wear properties, when operating at temperatures below 80°C, of a crankcase lubricating oil containing a metal salt of a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate, the maximum proportion of lubricating oil metal detergent, including the alkali metal detergent, in the lubricating oil being 10 wt. % based on the final oil.
  • the use of the alkali metal detergent may enable a crankcase lubricating oil containing a metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate to meet the Peugeot TU3 test requirements. More especially, the use of the alkali metal detergent as an additive for a crankcase lubricant which also contains a metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate agent may make it possible to reduce valve train wear and follower scuffing as measured by the Peugeot TU3 engine test (Test Method CEC L-38-T-87).
  • the alkali metal detergents used in accordance with the invention are useful in connection with the reduction of low temperature wear, more especially in connection with the reduction of valve train wear and follower scuffing when an engine is operating at low temperatures, for example, the temperatures prevailing before the engine has reached its normal operating temperature, and will primarily be described herein in connection with such use.
  • the invention extends, however, to the use of the alkali metal detergents for enhancing the action of antiwear agents for other parts of the engine.
  • An automotive engine will typically operate, when at its normal running temperature, at a lubricant temperature in the range of from 80 to 150°C. At the beginning of the warming-up period, however, the lubricant temperature will be lower and, on a cold day, may be as low as 0°C or below. Tests for evaluating engine wear at low temperatures, therefore, are typically run at least in part at lubricant temperatures in the range of from 20 to 80°C, these temperatures normally being measured in the main oil gallery.
  • the metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate used in accordance with the invention is preferably soluble or stably dispersible in oil in the absence of the alkali metal detergent used to enhance its antiwear properties.
  • the metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate agent is preferably in the form of a finished additive when it is mixed with the detergent additive(s) used in the fully formulated oil; that is, the dithiophosphate agent is preferably not formed in the presence of a or the detergent additive used in the fully formulated oil.
  • the preferred antiwear agents are ZDDPs.
  • ZDDPs of the formula Zn[SP(S)(OR)(OR1)]2 wherein R and R1 may be the same or different hydrocarbyl radicals containing from 1 to 18, and preferably 2 to 12, carbon atoms, for example, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl and cycloaliphatic radicals.
  • R and R1 radicals are alkyl radicals having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • radicals which R and R1 may represent are ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, amyl, n-hexyl, i-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, decyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, 2-ethylhexyl, phenyl, butylphenyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclopentyl, propenyl and butenyl radicals.
  • the total number of carbon atoms in R and R1 will generally be about 5 or greater.
  • Metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate(s) used in accordance with the invention is used in such an amount that, when the detergent additive according to the invention is also present, antiwear properties are imparted to the base fluid.
  • dithiophosphate(s) agent may be present in an amount of from 0.001 to 5, preferably 0.001 to 1.5, mass % active ingredient based on the final oil.
  • an alkali metal detergent as an additive in accordance with the invention may in some circumstances make it possible to reduce the amount of dithiophosphate, for example the ZDDP, to a level less than that typically used for imparting antiwear properties.
  • the use of an additive in accordance with the invention may make it possible to use a less active dithiophosphate, for example, a ZDDP containing a lower proportion of hydrocarbyl groups derived from secondary alcohols.
  • the alkali metal detergents used in accordance with the invention include, for example, alkali metal sulphonates, phenates, phosphonates, thiophosphonates, salicylates and naphthenates.
  • the salts contain a polar head (the salt-forming group) and one or more groups which together have sufficiently high molecular weight to form a hydrophobic tail to give the salts detergent (surfactant) properties. Mixtures of two or more salts may be used.
  • the preferred alkali metals are lithium, potassium, and, especially, sodium.
  • the alkali metal salts may be simple and contain only the stoichiometric amount of metal. Such salts are called normal or neutral salts and typically have a total base number (TBN) of 0 to about 80. Alternatively, a larger than stoichiometric amount of metal may be introduced and, for example, an acidic gas such as carbon dioxide may be blown through the reaction mixture.
  • TBN total base number
  • a larger than stoichiometric amount of metal may be introduced and, for example, an acidic gas such as carbon dioxide may be blown through the reaction mixture.
  • the resulting overbased salt comprises a dispersion of a metal compound (predominately a carbonate when carbon dioxide is used) stabilized by neutral detergent salt.
  • Sulphonic acids for use in preparing salts according to the invention are well known and are typically obtained by sulphonation of alkyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, such as those obtained from the fractionation of petroleum by distillation and/or extraction, or by the alkylation of an aromatic hydrocarbon, for example, benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene or diphenyl.
  • alkyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons such as those obtained from the fractionation of petroleum by distillation and/or extraction, or by the alkylation of an aromatic hydrocarbon, for example, benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene or diphenyl.
  • the preparation of neutral or overbased salts from such acids is also well known.
  • the sulphonic acid may be reacted with an excess of a metal base and the excess metal neutralized with an acidic gas, usually carbon dioxide (see, for example, U.S. Patent No. 3 671 430).
  • Phenates for use in accordance with the invention include the alkali metal salts of alkyl phenols and sulphurized alkyl phenols.
  • the preparation of such phenates is well known, as is the preparation of the overbased salts, the overbasing process being similar to that used for the sulphonates.
  • One procedure for preparing a sulphurized alkali metal alkyl phenate is to react elemental sulphur with the alkali metal phenate at an elevated temperature.
  • the metal salt can be overbased before or after sulphurizing, or at the same time (see, for example, U.S. Patent No. 3 966 621).
  • the phosphonate or thiophosphonate materials which may be used in accordance with the invention include the alkali metal salts of a phosphonic or thiophosphonic acid obtainable by the reaction of a polyolefin, for example, polyisobutylene, with an inorganic phosphorus-containing compound, for example, phosphorus pentasulphide.
  • a polyolefin for example, polyisobutylene
  • an inorganic phosphorus-containing compound for example, phosphorus pentasulphide.
  • the preparation of overbased versions of these salts may be carried out in a manner similar to that described above in connection with the sulphonates and phenates.
  • overbased metal detergent salts for use in accordance with the invention include overbased complexes obtainable by the reaction of a phosphosulphurized polymeric hydrocarbon with an alkali metal base in the presence of an alkyl phenol or sulphurized alkyl phenol, the product being treated with carbon dioxide (see, for example, U.S. Patents Nos. 3 182 019 and 3 127 348).
  • an acidic sulphur-containing hydrocarbon preferably a phosphosulphurized derivative obtainable by reacting a hydrocarbon with a phosphorus sulphide, for example P2S5 or a mixture of elemental phosphorus and sulphur
  • a phenolic compound preferably a phosphosulphurized derivative obtainable by reacting a hydrocarbon with a phosphorus sulphide, for example P2S5 or a mixture of elemental phosphorus and sulphur
  • an alkali metal base is added in a proportion less than that required to form salts with the total amount of acidic and phenolic compounds present, and the mixture is contacted at an elevated temperature with carbon dioxide while adding additional alkali metal base, the reaction being carried out in the presence of a small amount of water.
  • Preferred phosphosulphurized compounds and phenols for use in this process are described in the U.S. specification.
  • Particularly preferred compounds for use in accordance with the present invention are phosphosulphurized long chain hydrocarbyl compounds and predominantly mono-alkylated phenols having a C8 to C12 side-chain, for example, nonyl phenol.
  • An especially advantageous overbased material for use in accordance with the present invention is that obtainable by carbonating a mixture of sodium hydroxide, nonyl phenol and phosphosulphurized polyisobutylene.
  • the nonyl phenol may be, for example, o or p nonyl phenol, or a mixture of the two.
  • Some dialkylated material, with nonyl groups in both the o and the p positions, may also be present. This material may be referred to as an overbased sodium thiophosphonate, although a mixture of species will normally be present.
  • the sulphonic acids whose overbased metal salts may be used in the present invention will generally have molecular weights in the range of about 300 to about 1200, preferably within the range of about 400 to 800.
  • the alkyl phenols whose overbased metal salts may be used in the present invention will generally have alkyl groups with a total of about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms.
  • the polyolefins used in preparing the phosphonate or thiophosphonate materials preferably have a molecular weight of about 500 to about 2000.
  • Overbased materials used in accordance with the invention are preferably prepared in the form of oil concentrates having a total base number (TBN) of from about 100 to about 500, preferably from about 200 to about 400, as measured by ASTM-2896, and containing about 30 to 75 mass % active ingredient.
  • TBN total base number
  • the decrease in wear is generally proportional to the amount of detergent used.
  • the amount to be used in any particular case may be established by routine experiment.
  • a proportion of the alkali metal detergent in the range of from 0.02 to 1.5 mass %, preferably 0.04 to 0.7 mass %, on an active ingredient basis based on the metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate-containing oil before treatment may be expected to reduce low temperature wear, for example valve train wear and follower scuffing.
  • the alkali metal detergent was an overbased material as described above derived from sodium hydroxide, nonyl phenol and phosphosulphurized polyisobutylene
  • the addition to a fully formulated lubricating oil containing 1 mass % ZDDPs, based on the total oil, of at least 0.088 mass % of the detergent, on an active ingredient basis based on the fully formulated oil without the said detergent improved the performance of the oil sufficiently for it to pass the Volkswagen TU3 test.
  • the alkali metal detergents used in accordance with the invention are oil-soluble or (in common with certain of the other additives referred to below) are dissolvable in oil with the aid of a suitable solvent, or are stably dispersible materials.
  • Oil-soluble, dissolvable, or stably dispersible as that terminology is used herein does not necessarily indicate that the materials are soluble, dissolvable, miscible, or capable of being suspended in oil in all proportions. It does mean, however, that the detergents and other additives are, for instance, soluble or stably dispersible in oil to an extent sufficient to exert their intended effect in the environment in which the oil is employed.
  • the additional incorporation of other additives may also permit incorporation of higher levels of a particular additive, if desired.
  • the alkali metal detergents used in accordance with the present invention can be incorporated into the oil in any convenient way. Thus, they can be added directly to the oil by dispersing or by dissolving them in the oil at the desired level of concentration. Such blending can occur at room temperature or an elevated temperature.
  • Base oils with which the alkali metal detergents may be used include those suitable for use as crankcase lubricating oils for spark-ignited and compression-ignited internal combustion engines, for example, automobile and truck engines, marine and railroad diesel engines.
  • Synthetic base oils include alkyl esters of dicarboxylic acids, polyglycols and alcohols; poly- ⁇ -olefins, polybutenes, alkyl benzenes, organic esters of phosphoric acids and polysilicone oils.
  • Natural base oils include mineral lubricating oils which may vary widely as to their crude source, for example, as to whether they are paraffinic, naphthenic, mixed, or paraffinic-naphthenic, as well as to the method used in their production, for example, distillation range, straight run or cracked, hydrofined, solvent extracted and the like.
  • natural lubricating oil base stocks which can be used may be straight mineral lubricating oil or distillates derived from paraffinic, naphthenic, asphaltic, or mixed base crude oils.
  • various blended oils may be employed as well as residual oils, particularly those from which asphaltic constituents have been removed.
  • the oils may be refined by any suitable method, for example, using acid, alkali, and/or clay or other agents such, for example, as aluminium chloride, or they may be extracted oils produced, for example, by solvent extraction with solvents, for example, phenol, sulphur dioxide, furfural, dichlorodiethyl ether, nitrobenzene, or crotonaldehyde.
  • the lubricating oil base stock conveniently has a viscosity of typically about 2.5 to about 12 cSt (about 2.5 x 10 ⁇ 6 to about 12 x 10 ⁇ 6 m2/s) and preferably about 2.5 to about 9 cSt. (about 2.5 x 10 ⁇ 6 to about 9 x 10 ⁇ 6 m2/s) at 100°C.
  • An alkali metal detergent used in accordance with the present invention may be employed in a lubricating oil composition which comprises lubricating oil, typically in a major proportion, and the detergent, typically in a minor proportion, for example, in a proportion as indicated above. Additional additives may be incorporated in the composition to enable it to meet particular requirements. Examples of additives which say be included in lubricating oil compositions are viscosity index improvers, corrosion inhibitors, oxidation inhibitors, friction modifiers, dispersants, anti-foaming agents, other anti-wear agents, pour point depressants, other detergents, and rust inhibitors.
  • Viscosity index improvers impart high and low temperature operability to a lubricating oil and permit it to remain shear stable at elevated temperatures and also exhibit acceptable viscosity or fluidity at low temperatures.
  • Suitable compounds for use as viscosity modifiers are generally high molecular weight hydrocarbon polymers, including polyesters, and viscosity index improver dispersants, which function as dispersants as well as viscosity index improvers.
  • Oil soluble viscosity modifying polymers generally have weight average molecular weights of from about 10,000 to 1,000,000, preferably 20,000 to 500,000, as determined by gel permeation chromatography or light scattering methods.
  • suitable viscosity modifiers are polyisobutylene, copolymers of ethylene and propylene, polymethacrylates, methacrylate copolymers, copolymers of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and a vinyl compound, interpolymers of styrene and acrylic esters, and partially hydrogenated copolymers of styrene/isoprene, styrene/butadiene, and isoprene/butadiene, as well as the partially hydrogenated homopolymers of butadiene and isoprene.
  • Corrosion inhibitors also known as anti-corrosive agents, reduce the degradation of the metallic parts contacted by the lubricating oil composition.
  • Oxidation inhibitors reduce the tendency of mineral oils to deteriorate in service, evidence of such deterioration being, for example, the production of sludge and of varnish-like deposits on the metal surfaces, and viscosity growth.
  • Suitable oxidation inhibitors include alkaline earth metal salts of sulphurized alkyl-phenols having preferably C5 to C12 alkyl side chains, e.g., calcium nonylphenol sulphide, barium octylphenyl sulphide, dioctylphenylamine, phenylalpha-naphthylamine, and phosphosulphurized or sulphurized hydrocarbons.
  • oxidation inhibitors or antioxidants which may be used in lubricating oil compositions comprise oil-soluble copper compounds.
  • the copper may be blended into the oil as any suitable oil-soluble copper compound.
  • oil-soluble it is meant that the compound is oil-soluble under normal blending conditions in the oil or additive package.
  • the copper compound may be in the cuprous or cupric form.
  • the copper may, for example, be in the form of a copper dihydrocarbyl thio- or dithio-phosphate.
  • the copper may be added as the copper salt of a synthetic or natural carboxylic acid.
  • suitable acids include C8 to C18 fatty acids, such, for example, as stearic or palmitic acid, but unsaturated acids such, for example, as oleic acid or branched carboxylic acids such, for example, as naphthenic acids of molecular weights of from about 200 to 500, or synthetic carboxylic acids, are preferred, because of the improved handling and solubility properties of the resulting copper carboxylates.
  • oil-soluble copper dithiocarbamates of the general formula R a R b NCSS) z Cu where z is 1 or 2
  • R a and R b are the same or different hydrocarbyl radicals containing from 1 to 18, and preferably 2 to 12, carbon atoms, and including radicals such, for example, as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl and cycloaliphatic radicals.
  • Particularly preferred as R a and R b groups are alkyl groups of from 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • the radicals may, for example, be ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, amyl, n-hexyl, i-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, decyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, 2-ethylhexyl, phenyl, butylphenyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclopentyl, propenyl, or butenyl radicals.
  • the total number of carbon atoms i.e. the carbon atoms in R a and R b
  • Copper sulphonates, phenates, and acetylacetonates may also be used.
  • Examples of useful copper compounds are copper Cu I and/or Cu II salts derived from an alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride.
  • the salts themselves may be basic, neutral or acidic. They may be formed by reacting (a) polyalkylene succinimides (having polymer groups of M n of 700 to 5,000) derived from polyalkylene-polyamines, which have at least one free carboxylic acid group, with (b) a reactive metal compound.
  • Suitable reactive metal compounds include those such, for example, as cupric or cuprous hydroxides, oxides, acetates, borates, and carbonates or basic copper carbonate.
  • Examples of these metal salts are Cu salts derived from polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride, and Cu salts of polyisobutenyl succinic acid.
  • the copper is in its divalent form, Cu II .
  • the preferred substrates are polyalkenyl succinic acids in which the alkenyl group has a molecular weight greater than about 700.
  • the alkenyl group desirably has a M n from about 900 to 1,400, and up to 2,500, with a M n of about 950 being most preferred.
  • polyisobutylene succinic anhydride or acid is especially preferred.
  • These materials may desirably be dissolved in a solvent, such as a mineral oil, and heated in the presence of a water solution (or slurry) of the metal bearing material to a temperature of about 70°C to about 200°C. Temperatures of 100°C to 140°C are normally adequate. It may be necessary, depending upon the salt produced, not to allow the reaction mixture to remain at a temperature above about 140°C for an extended period of time, e.g., longer than 5 hours, or decomposition of the salt may occur.
  • a solvent such as a mineral oil
  • the copper antioxidants e.g., Cu-polyisobutenyl succinate, Cu-oleate, or mixtures thereof
  • Cu-polyisobutenyl succinate e.g., Cu-polyisobutenyl succinate, Cu-oleate, or mixtures thereof
  • the copper antioxidants will generally be employed in an amount of from about 5 to 500 ppm by weight of the metal, in the final lubricating composition.
  • Friction modifiers and fuel economy agents which are compatible with the other ingredients of the final oil may also be included.
  • examples of such materials are glyceryl monoesters of higher fatty acids, for example, glyceryl mono-oleate, esters of long chain polycarboxylic acids with diols, for example, the butane diol ester of a dimerized unsaturated fatty acid, and oxazoline compounds.
  • Dispersants maintain oil-insoluble substances, resulting from oxidation during use, in suspension in the fluid, thus preventing sludge flocculation and precipitation or deposition on metal parts.
  • So called ashless dispersants are organic materials which form substantially no ash on combustion, in contrast to the metal-containing (and thus ash-forming) detergents described above.
  • Suitable dispersants include, for example, derivatives of long chain hydrocarbon - substituted carboxylic acids in which the hydrocarbon groups contain 50 to 400 carbon atoms, examples of such derivatives being derivatives of high molecular weight hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid.
  • Such hydrocarbon-substituted carboxylic acids may be reacted with, for example, a nitrogen-containing compound, advantageously a polyalkylene polyamine, or with an ester.
  • a nitrogen-containing compound advantageously a polyalkylene polyamine
  • an ester advantageously a polyalkylene polyamine
  • nitrogen-containing and ester dispersants are well known in the art, and require no further description here.
  • Particularly preferred dispersants are the reaction products of polyalkylene amines with alkenyl succinic anhydrides.
  • suitable dispersants include oil soluble salts, amides, imides, oxazolines and esters, or mixtures thereof, of long chain hydrocarbon-substituted mono and dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides; long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons having a polyamine attached directly thereto; and Mannich condensation products formed by condensing about 1 molar proportion of a long chain substituted phenol with about 1 to 2.5 moles of formaldehyde and about 0.5 to 2 moles of a polyalkylene polyamine.
  • long chain hydrocarbon groups are suitably derived from polymers of a C2 to C5 monoolefin, the polymers having a molecular weight of about 700 to about 5000.
  • a viscosity index improver dispersant functions both as a viscosity index improver and as a dispersant.
  • examples of viscosity index improver dispersants suitable for use in accordance with the invention include reaction products of amines, for example polyamines, with a hydrocarbyl-substituted mono - or dicarboxylic acid in which the hydrocarbyl substituent comprises a chain of sufficient length to impart viscosity index improving properties to the compounds.
  • the viscosity index improver dispersant may be, for example, a polymer of a C4 to C24 unsaturated ester of vinyl alcohol or a C3 to C10 unsaturated mono - or dicarboxylic acid with an unsaturated nitrogen-containing monomer having 4 to 20 carbon atoms; a polymer of a C2 to C20 olefin with an unsaturated C3 to C10 mono-or dicarboxylic acid neutralised with an amine, hydroxyamine or an alcohol; or a polymer of ethylene with a C3 to C20 olefin further reacted either by grafting a C4 to C20 unsaturated nitrogen - containing monomer thereon or by grafting an unsaturated acid onto the polymer backbone and then reacting carboxylic acid groups of the grafted acid with an amine, hydroxy amine or alcohol.
  • dispersants and viscosity index improver dispersants which may be used in accordance with the invention may be found in European Patent Specification No. 24146 B, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Pour point depressants otherwise known as lube oil flow improvers, lower the temperature at which the fluid will flow or can be poured.
  • Such additives are well known. Typical of those additives which improve the low temperature fluidity of the fluid are C8 to C18 dialkyl fumarate/vinyl acetate copolymers, polymethacrylates, and wax naphthalene.
  • Foam control can be provided by an antifoamant of the polysiloxane type, for example, silicone oil or polydimethyl siloxane.
  • Detergents and metal rust inhibitors include the metal salts of sulphonic acids,alkyl phenols, sulphurized alkyl phenols, alkyl salicylates, naphthenates and oil soluble mono- and di-carboxylic acids.
  • Alkali metals salts for example, those discussed above, or alkaline earth metal salts, for example, calcium, magnesium or barium salts, may be used in addition to the salts used in accordance with the invention as antiwear agents.
  • Particularly suitable additional detergents are the overbased sulphonates and phenates of calcium or magnesium.
  • additives can provide a multiplicity of effects; thus for example, a single additive may act as a dispersant-oxidation inhibitor. This approach is well known and need not be further elaborated herein.
  • each additive is typically blended into the base oil in amount which enables the additive to provide its normal function.
  • additive concentrates comprising the additives (the concentrate being referred to herein as an additive package) whereby several additives can be added simultaneously to the base oil to form the lubricating oil composition. Dissolution of the additive concentrate into the lubricating oil may be facilitated, for example, by mixing accompanied by heating, but this is not essential.
  • the concentrate or additive package will typically be formulated to contain the additive(s) in proper amounts to provide the desired concentration in the final formulation when the additive package is combined with a predetermined amount of base lubricant.
  • one or more alkali metal detergents used in accordance with the present invention can be added to small amounts of base oil or other compatible solvents along with other desirable additives to form additive packages containing active ingredients in an amount, based on the additive package, of, for example, from about 2.5 to about 90 mass %, and preferably from about 5 to about 75 mass %, and most preferably from about 8 to about 50 mass % by weight, additives in the appropriate proportions with the remainder being base oil.
  • the final formulations may employ typically about 10 mass % of the additive-package with the remainder being base oil.
  • the mixture was heated to 145°C and maintained at that temperature while 3 g of a 50 mass % aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide were slowly added.
  • the mixture so obtained was maintained at 145°C for 30 minutes, following which a further 114 g of the sodium hydroxide solution was slowly added over a 8.5 hour period while injecting carbon dioxide into the mixture at a rate of 40 cm3/min.
  • the product was blown with nitrogen at 100 cm3/min for 3 hours and the resulting product was filtered in a pressure filter using a filter aid.
  • the filtrate contained 19.5 mass % sodium and had a Total Base Number (TBN), measured by ASTM D2896, of 480 mg KOH/g.
  • TBN Total Base Number
  • This concentrate was diluted with the diluent oil referred above to give a 44 mass % detergent solution, based on the solution, the solution containing about 16.6 mass % sodium and about 0.5 mass % phosphorus, based on the solution, and having a TBN of 410 mg KOH/g.
  • Example 2 The oil used in Example 2 had the formulation given below.
  • the antiwear agent was in the form of a finished additive when it was mixed with the detergent addtives; that is, the antiwear agent was not formed in the presence of any of the detergent additives used in this Example.
  • Additive Mass % active ingredient* Viscosity modifier 0.7 Oxidation inhibitor 0.2 Dispersant 2.6 Pour point depressant 0.2 Anti-foaming agent 0.005 Antiwear agent 0.92 Detergent 0.98 Mineral oil base balance * based on the oil without the detergent according to the invention.
  • the antiwear agent was a mixture of 0.46 mass % of a ZDDP derived from a mixture of alcohols containing 65 mass % isobutanol and 35 mass % isopentanol and 0.46 mass % of a ZDDP derived from a mixture of alcohols containing 85 mass % sec. butanol and 15 mass % isooctanol, the proportions of the ZDDPs being based on the final oil and those of each alcohol mixture being based on the respective mixture.
  • the detergent in the said oil was a mixture of 0.5 mass % of a 400 TBN magnesium sulphonate and 0.48 mass % of a 300 TBN calcium sulphonate, the proportions being based on the oil without the detergent according to the invention.

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Claims (12)

  1. Verwendung eines Alkalimetalldetergens, die zur Verwendung in Schmierölen geeignet und ein neutrales oder überbasisches Alkalimetallsalz einer sauren organischen Verbindung ist, als Additiv zur Verbesserung der Verschleißeigenschaften im Betrieb bei Temperaturen unterhalb 80 °C eines Kurbelwannenschmieröls, das ein Metallsalz eines Di-Kohlenwasserstoff-Dithiophosphats enthält, wobei der maximale Anteil des Schmierölmetalldetergens, einschließlich des Alkalimetalldetergens, im Schmieröl 10 Gew.-%, wirksame Sustanz bezogen auf das fertige Öl, beträgt.
  2. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1 zur Verminderung des Ventilhebelverschleisses und Ventilstößelabriebs, gemessen durch den Peugeot TU3-Motortest.
  3. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem das Dithiophosphat ein Zink-di-kohlenwasserstoff-dithiophosphat ist.
  4. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem das Dithiophosphat in einer Menge von 0,001 bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das fertige Öl, vorhanden ist.
  5. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei dem das Alkalimetall Natrium ist.
  6. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei dem das Alkalimetalldetergens ein Thiophosphonat ist.
  7. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei dem das Alkalimetalldetergens aus einer basischen Natrium-Verbindung, vorzugsweise Natriumhydroxid, einem Alkylphenol, vorzugsweise einem C₈- bis C₁₂-Alkylphenol, und einer phosphosulfurierten Kohlenwasserstoff-Verbindung erhältlich ist.
  8. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei der das Alkalimetalldetergens aus Natriumhydroxid, Nonylphenol und phosphosulfuriertem Polyisobuten erhältlich ist.
  9. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, bei der das Alkalimetalldetergens überbasisch ist.
  10. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, bei der das Alkalimetalldetergens in einer Menge von 0,02 bis 1,5 Gew.-%, Vorzugsweise 0,04 bis 0,7 Gew.-%, wirksame Sustanz bezogen auf die Messe des Dithiophosphat enthaltenden Schmieröls ohne das genannte Detergens, verwendet wird.
  11. Verwendung nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, bei der das Alkalimetalldetergens durch Behandeln einer Mischung der in Anspruch 8 genannten Substanzen mit Kohlendioxid erhalten wird und vorzugsweise in einer Menge von mindestens 0,008 Gew.-%, wirksame Sustanz bezogen auf die Masse des Dithiophosphat-enthaltenden Schmieröls ohne das genannte Detergens, verwendet wird.
  12. Verwendung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 zur Verbesserung der Verschleißeigenschaften im Betrieb bei Temperaturen von höchstens 40 °C.
EP91305809A 1990-06-29 1991-06-27 Schmierölzusätze Expired - Lifetime EP0465118B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9014483 1990-06-29
GB909014483A GB9014483D0 (en) 1990-06-29 1990-06-29 Lubricating oil additives
GB909014520A GB9014520D0 (en) 1990-06-29 1990-06-29 Lubricating oil additives
GB9014520 1990-06-29

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EP0465118A1 EP0465118A1 (de) 1992-01-08
EP0465118B1 true EP0465118B1 (de) 1995-10-25

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US5286394A (en) * 1989-06-27 1994-02-15 Ethyl Corporation Fuel economy and oxidation inhibition in lubricant compositions for internal combustion engines
US5562864A (en) * 1991-04-19 1996-10-08 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating compositions and concentrates
US5614480A (en) * 1991-04-19 1997-03-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating compositions and concentrates
JPH05508186A (ja) * 1991-04-19 1993-11-18 ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイション 潤滑組成物
US5490945A (en) * 1991-04-19 1996-02-13 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating compositions and concentrates
BR9205244A (pt) * 1991-04-19 1993-07-27 Lubrizol Corp Composicao de oleo lubrificante
JPH07500375A (ja) * 1992-05-15 1995-01-12 ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイション 潤滑組成物および濃縮物
JPH07500374A (ja) * 1992-05-15 1995-01-12 ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイション 潤滑組成物および濃縮物
GB9225337D0 (en) * 1992-12-03 1993-01-27 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Lubricating oil additives
GB2288815A (en) * 1994-04-08 1995-11-01 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Lubricating oil anti-wear additives
US6235688B1 (en) 1996-05-14 2001-05-22 Chevron Chemical Company Llc Detergent containing lithium metal having improved dispersancy and deposit control

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US2316080A (en) * 1941-03-24 1943-04-06 Standard Oil Co Lubricant
US2849398A (en) * 1953-08-19 1958-08-26 Exxon Research Engineering Co Mineral-base lubricating oils and methods for using same
US2798045A (en) * 1954-09-27 1957-07-02 Shell Dev Lubricating compositions
GB921124A (en) * 1959-12-15 1963-03-13 Exxon Research Engineering Co Process for preparing petroleum oil additives
GB2033923B (en) * 1978-10-13 1982-12-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Diesel lubricating oil compositions
US4639324A (en) * 1985-07-08 1987-01-27 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. Lubricating compositions
FR2588267B1 (fr) * 1985-10-03 1988-02-05 Elf France Additifs aux huiles lubrifiantes comportant un sel metallique d'un acide amine, leur procede de preparation et compositions lubrifiantes renfermant lesdits additifs
FR2588270B1 (fr) * 1985-10-03 1988-02-05 Elf France Procede de preparation d'un additif pour les huiles lubrifiantes, l'additif ainsi obtenu et une composition lubrifiante renfermant ledit additif
US5102566A (en) * 1987-10-02 1992-04-07 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Low ash lubricant compositions for internal combustion engines (pt-727)

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EP0465118A1 (de) 1992-01-08
DE69114059D1 (de) 1995-11-30

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