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EP0462864B1 - Vorrichtung zur Speisung von Strahlungselementen einer Gruppenantenne und ihre Verwendung für eine Antenne eines Landungshilfssystems vom Typ MLS - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur Speisung von Strahlungselementen einer Gruppenantenne und ihre Verwendung für eine Antenne eines Landungshilfssystems vom Typ MLS Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0462864B1
EP0462864B1 EP91401495A EP91401495A EP0462864B1 EP 0462864 B1 EP0462864 B1 EP 0462864B1 EP 91401495 A EP91401495 A EP 91401495A EP 91401495 A EP91401495 A EP 91401495A EP 0462864 B1 EP0462864 B1 EP 0462864B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
radiating elements
phase shifters
landing
sources
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91401495A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0462864A1 (de
Inventor
Serge Dubois
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Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for supplying the radiating elements of a network antenna capable of transmitting and receiving microwave waves electronically scanning the space, such an antenna being particularly applicable to landing assistance systems. known as MLS (initials for "Microwave Landing System").
  • a network antenna is constituted by a plurality of radiating elements each emitting, simultaneously, a microwave wave, the result of which forms a main beam (or lobe) in a given direction, accompanied by a spatial distribution of lesser amplitude, referred to as secondary or parasitic lobes.
  • Each radiating element is connected to an electronically controllable phase shifter; the phase shift control allows the main beam to be scanned for space.
  • the discomfort caused by the side lobes can be very great, to the point of providing false information, such as a false descent axis, which is a serious defect for a guidance system. aircraft in the particularly critical phase of landing.
  • the present invention relates to a network antenna according to claim 1, whose parasitic lobes are very low and, at least in the vicinity of the main lobe emitted by the antenna.
  • Such an antenna makes it possible, in an MLS type application, to avoid the provision of information likely to be misinterpreted by the guided aircraft.
  • the antenna comprises as many phase shifters (n) as there are radiating elements, each of the phase shifters being connected to a plurality (m) of neighboring radiating elements forming a sub-network, the sub-networks being nested so that each of the radiating elements is supplied via m phase shifters.
  • the operation of the network antenna incorporating the present invention will be described only on transmission, it being understood that it is capable of operating, reciprocally, also in reception.
  • Figure 1 is therefore the diagram of an embodiment of the supply device according to the invention.
  • This device is intended to supply a network comprising n radiating elements, also called elementary sources, nine of these being represented on the diagram and four of them being identified S i , S i + 1 , S i + 2 and S i + 3 , with i between 1 and n ⁇ 3.
  • n radiating elements also called elementary sources, nine of these being represented on the diagram and four of them being identified S i , S i + 1 , S i + 2 and S i + 3 , with i between 1 and n ⁇ 3.
  • These n sources emit microwave electromagnetic energy supplied by a transmitter assembly E, by means of the device according to the invention.
  • Each phase shifter F is connected to the radiating elements via the weighting means, generally denoted P.
  • each of the phase shifters F is connected, via the weighting circuit, to m neighboring elementary sources S.
  • each of the sources S is connected to m neighboring phase shifters F.
  • m is equal to 3 in the figure. N subnetworks were thus formed, each supplied by a phase shifter and comprising m sources, and this in a nested manner, the distance between two subnetworks then being equal to the distance between two sources.
  • the radiation pattern of such a network is obtained from the radiation pattern of a subnetwork which multiplies a function known as a network factor and which accounts for the multiplicity of subnets.
  • the role of the P-weighting circuits is to give, if necessary, the radiation pattern of the sub-network to which it is connected a shape which is as close as possible to the desired shape.
  • FIG. 2 shows the ideal radiation diagram that a sub-array of the site antenna of an MLS system should present.
  • the amplitude of the radiation should be maximum (A max ) for a site angle between ⁇ min and ⁇ max , and zero outside these two values; the interval ( ⁇ min ; ⁇ max ) represents the coverage that an MLS site station must have, that is to say the angular sector which must be swept by the main lobe.
  • the width of the main MLS lobe in the site plan is of the order of 1 ° to 2 ° and the coverage, of 0 to 17 °.
  • the secondary lobes When, as is the case here, the main lobe is emitted at low elevation angles, the secondary lobes are reflected on the ground and can therefore be picked up by an aircraft located in the coverage area of the antenna, giving rise to false information.
  • the secondary lobes must therefore be particularly low (for example of the order of -40 dB relative to the main lobe) in the vicinity of the main lobe: typically for this type of application, in an area of approximately ⁇ 20 ° around the main lobe.
  • the diagram of the complete antenna is given by the product of the diagram of the sub-network by the network factor. With a subnetwork diagram as illustrated in FIG. 2, it appears that the product is necessarily zero outside the coverage area; more particularly, the product is zero and there are no side lobes for low site values, less than ⁇ min , thus avoiding reflections on the ground.
  • the device according to the invention When the device according to the invention is applied to an MLS site antenna, it is therefore sought to obtain for the radiation diagram of a subarray, a diagram as close as possible to that illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the weighting means P have the function of applying to the sources they control a law of amplitude as close as possible to a law of the type sin U U , which we recall that the Fourier transform is a rectangle function of the type illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the radiation pattern of the entire antenna is obtained by making the product of the diagram of a sub-array by the lattice factor.
  • This one in the present case, is a function whose form is close to a function in sin U U .
  • the weighting due to the means P never makes it possible in practice to obtain a radiation of perfectly rectangular shape, due in particular to the discrete appearance of the sources and their finite number: the real radiation has secondary lobes which can typically , in the case of the application illustrated in FIG. 2, present an attenuation of the order of -20 dB relative to the main lobe.
  • the lattice factor being a function also having a main lobe and secondary lobes, the attenuation of which can be the same order (-20 dB), the product of the two makes it possible to obtain very attenuated secondary lobes (approximately -40 dB in the previous example).
  • the distributor D of FIG. 1 can carry out, in a known manner, a weighting of the amplitude of the energy applied to the sources (Tchebycheff or Taylor weighting for example) which have for effect of further reducing the secondary lobes of the antenna pattern, at a given main lobe width.
  • FIG. 3 represents the electronic diagram of a practical embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the device has four connection lines, marked L1 to L4. On these lines are arranged, on the one hand, attenuators, marked A ij where i represents the line number and j the serial number of the attenuator on the line, and on the other hand 3 dB hybrid bridges , marked C ij , the notation ij having the same meaning as above.
  • the attenuators A are provided with two input-outputs between which they print attenuation of 3 dB to the signal passing through them; these attenuators can be produced by any known means, for example T or ⁇ attenuators with resistors.
  • the bridges C have four input-output, two of which are connected to the line carrying them. Their function is to transmit the energy they receive on one input, to the two adjacent inputs, that is to say with an attenuation of 3 dB on each; they are represented in the figure by a circle and two of their input-outputs are diametrically opposite: by convention, the hybrid bridge also introduces a phase shift of 180 ° between these two outputs.
  • These bridges are made by any known means, and in particular as described in the article entitled “A Method of Analysis of Symmetrical Four-Port Networks" by J. REED and GJ WHEELER published in the review "IRE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques" of October 1956.
  • the device according to the invention also comprises a first series of 3 dB hybrid bridges marked C 5j where j is a serial number, arranged between the lines L1 and L2 and intended to connect the bridges carried by these lines, and a second series hybrid bridges marked, in a similar manner, C 6j , arranged between the lines L3 and L4 and connecting the bridges carried by these lines.
  • the bridges C 5j and C 6j are the same type as the previous and have four input-output here but one of them is a known way, connected to a load resistor to absorb noise energy.
  • the hybrid bridges C 5j and 6j C even order receive on one of their inputs, labeled E j (j being a sequence number) a connection with one of the phase shifters F of Figure 1.
  • An advantage of this structure is simplicity.
  • the attenuations introduced by the attenuators A or the bridges C are not necessarily equal to 3 dB: they can be modified to allow to approach as closely as possible the shape sought for the radiation diagram.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Netzantenne mit n strahlenden Elementen (S) und n Phasenschiebern (F), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Phasenschieber an m einander benachbarte strahlende Elemente angeschlossen ist, mit m ≦ n, wobei diese Strahlungselemente ein Unternetz bilden und die so gebildeten Unternetze miteinander verschachtelt sind, derart, daß jedes strahlende Element über m Phasenschieber gespeist wird.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie außerdem Mittel zur Wichtung (P) aufweist, die zwischen die Phasenschieber (F) und die strahlenden Elemente (S) eingefügt sind und den Unternetzen ein vordefiniertes Strahlungsdiagramm verleihen.
  3. Antenne nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Phasenschieber (F) mit den n strahlenden Elementen (S) verbunden ist, wobei die Wichtungsmittel (P) eine solche Wichtung herbeiführen, daß nur m strahlende Elemente mit einer nennenswerten Energie gespeist werden, mit m < n.
  4. Anwendung der Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche auf ein Lande-Hilfssystem vom Typ MLS.
EP91401495A 1990-06-19 1991-06-07 Vorrichtung zur Speisung von Strahlungselementen einer Gruppenantenne und ihre Verwendung für eine Antenne eines Landungshilfssystems vom Typ MLS Expired - Lifetime EP0462864B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9007641A FR2663469B1 (fr) 1990-06-19 1990-06-19 Dispositif d'alimentation a des elements rayonnants d'une antenne reseau, et son application a une antenne d'un systeme d'aide a l'atterrissage du type mls.
FR9007641 1990-06-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0462864A1 EP0462864A1 (de) 1991-12-27
EP0462864B1 true EP0462864B1 (de) 1995-01-25

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91401495A Expired - Lifetime EP0462864B1 (de) 1990-06-19 1991-06-07 Vorrichtung zur Speisung von Strahlungselementen einer Gruppenantenne und ihre Verwendung für eine Antenne eines Landungshilfssystems vom Typ MLS

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5430452A (de)
EP (1) EP0462864B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69106942T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2067175T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2663469B1 (de)

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GB2317056A (en) * 1996-09-04 1998-03-11 Marconi Gec Ltd Signal processor system for a phased array antenna
US6081536A (en) 1997-06-20 2000-06-27 Tantivy Communications, Inc. Dynamic bandwidth allocation to transmit a wireless protocol across a code division multiple access (CDMA) radio link
US6542481B2 (en) 1998-06-01 2003-04-01 Tantivy Communications, Inc. Dynamic bandwidth allocation for multiple access communication using session queues
US7936728B2 (en) 1997-12-17 2011-05-03 Tantivy Communications, Inc. System and method for maintaining timing of synchronization messages over a reverse link of a CDMA wireless communication system
US9525923B2 (en) 1997-12-17 2016-12-20 Intel Corporation Multi-detection of heartbeat to reduce error probability
US7394791B2 (en) 1997-12-17 2008-07-01 Interdigital Technology Corporation Multi-detection of heartbeat to reduce error probability
US6222832B1 (en) 1998-06-01 2001-04-24 Tantivy Communications, Inc. Fast Acquisition of traffic channels for a highly variable data rate reverse link of a CDMA wireless communication system
US7773566B2 (en) 1998-06-01 2010-08-10 Tantivy Communications, Inc. System and method for maintaining timing of synchronization messages over a reverse link of a CDMA wireless communication system
US8134980B2 (en) 1998-06-01 2012-03-13 Ipr Licensing, Inc. Transmittal of heartbeat signal at a lower level than heartbeat request
US6100843A (en) * 1998-09-21 2000-08-08 Tantivy Communications Inc. Adaptive antenna for use in same frequency networks
US6404386B1 (en) 1998-09-21 2002-06-11 Tantivy Communications, Inc. Adaptive antenna for use in same frequency networks
US6933887B2 (en) * 1998-09-21 2005-08-23 Ipr Licensing, Inc. Method and apparatus for adapting antenna array using received predetermined signal
US6989797B2 (en) * 1998-09-21 2006-01-24 Ipr Licensing, Inc. Adaptive antenna for use in wireless communication systems
SE515471C2 (sv) 1999-12-22 2001-08-13 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Antennanordning och förfarande för sidlobsundertryckning
WO2001058044A2 (en) 2000-02-07 2001-08-09 Tantivy Communications, Inc. Minimal maintenance link to support synchronization
US8155096B1 (en) 2000-12-01 2012-04-10 Ipr Licensing Inc. Antenna control system and method
US7551663B1 (en) 2001-02-01 2009-06-23 Ipr Licensing, Inc. Use of correlation combination to achieve channel detection
US6954448B2 (en) 2001-02-01 2005-10-11 Ipr Licensing, Inc. Alternate channel for carrying selected message types
EP2479905B1 (de) 2001-06-13 2017-03-15 Intel Corporation Verfahren und vorichtungen zur Senden eines Herzschlagsignals mit einem niedrigeren Pegel als eine Herzschlaganförderung
US8031116B1 (en) 2010-10-22 2011-10-04 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Microwave antenna system
DE102013014561A1 (de) * 2012-09-03 2014-03-27 Mando Corporation Antennenvorrichtung und radarvorrichtung zur verbesserung des antennenwirkungsgrads

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US3509577A (en) * 1968-11-14 1970-04-28 Gen Electric Tandem series-feed system for array antennas
US3803625A (en) * 1972-12-18 1974-04-09 Itt Network approach for reducing the number of phase shifters in a limited scan phased array
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2663469B1 (fr) 1992-09-11
DE69106942D1 (de) 1995-03-09
EP0462864A1 (de) 1991-12-27
FR2663469A1 (fr) 1991-12-20
DE69106942T2 (de) 1995-05-24
US5430452A (en) 1995-07-04
ES2067175T3 (es) 1995-03-16

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