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EP0437796B1 - Drehgeschwindigkeitsmessaufnehmereinheit - Google Patents

Drehgeschwindigkeitsmessaufnehmereinheit Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0437796B1
EP0437796B1 EP90125046A EP90125046A EP0437796B1 EP 0437796 B1 EP0437796 B1 EP 0437796B1 EP 90125046 A EP90125046 A EP 90125046A EP 90125046 A EP90125046 A EP 90125046A EP 0437796 B1 EP0437796 B1 EP 0437796B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stator
rotor
rotational speed
speed sensor
magnetic flux
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90125046A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0437796A2 (de
EP0437796A3 (en
Inventor
David E. Peck
George E. Platzer
Dennis A. Kramer
William D. Krusel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boeing North American Inc
Original Assignee
Rockwell International Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rockwell International Corp filed Critical Rockwell International Corp
Priority to EP94116159A priority Critical patent/EP0632272A3/de
Publication of EP0437796A2 publication Critical patent/EP0437796A2/de
Publication of EP0437796A3 publication Critical patent/EP0437796A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0437796B1 publication Critical patent/EP0437796B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/488—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by variable reluctance detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/443—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed mounted in bearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/487—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by rotating magnets

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to rotational speed sensors, and more particularly to compact, unitary rotational speed sensors.
  • Rotational speed sensors are used in many control and indicating systems.
  • One frequently used type employs the variable reluctance principle.
  • Common problems in such sensors in the prior art include constructing a device which will fit into compact spaces while maintaining close control over rotor-stator spacing, and providing sufficient output signal in terms of both signal amplitude and number of pulses per revolution.
  • Prior art devices known to the inventors include those disclosed in US-A-2,462,761, US-A-3,480,812, US-A-3,596,122, US-A-3,604,966, US-A-3,649,859, US-A-4,027,753 and US-A-4,110,647.
  • US-A-3,480,812 shows a nesting arrangement of rotor, magnet, coil and stator elements.
  • US-A-3,649,859 discloses a reluctance-type rotational speed sensor utilizing radially extending teeth on both stator and rotor.
  • the device known from US-A-4,027,753 comprises a sealed system. None of the above-mentioned devises, however, combine the various teachings of the present invention to obtain a significantly more compact design that is capable of greater output levels, and versatile enough for use in many environments.
  • a reluctance-type rotational speed sensor comprises a stator including two coaxial, axially spaced elements. Each of the stator elements has first and second radial portions. The first, inner radial portion of each stator element has alternating circumferentially spaced regions offering first and second magnitudes of magnetic permeability.
  • the stator elements are in magnetic communciation with one another.
  • a magnet is disposed between the stator elements.
  • a rotor is arranged for rotation about an axis. This rotor, too, has alternating circumferentially spaced regions offering first and second magnitudes of magnetic permeability.
  • the rotor, magnet and stator are arranged to form a magnetic flux path whereby a variation in a magnetic flux indicative of the rotational speed of the rotor relative to the stator is produced in the magnetic flux path upon rotation of the rotor. Means are provided for sensing this variation in magnetic flux in said flux path.
  • the rotor can be split into two halves, sandwiching an annular magnet.
  • a measuring sensing device for detecting a rotational speed or a rotational speed change including a rotor and a stator constructed as magnet and having a coil is disclosed.
  • the stator is constructed as an annular member with a U-shaped cross section.
  • the coil is inserted on the inside of the U-shaped cross section.
  • the outer leg portion of the stator carries at its free end an end-face toothed arrangement or serration opposite an end-face toothed arrangement or serration on the outer circumference of the disk-shaped rotor.
  • the coil is used for sensing variation in magnetic flux.
  • the present rotational speed sensor as defined in claim 1 improves upon prior art speed sensors by utilizing an axially compact design to obtain accurate measurements in a variety of environments.
  • the flat, generally circular shape allows the sensor to measure the rotational speed of either a rotating shaft or a rotating bore.
  • the sensor is designed to minimize the effects of eccentricities and unwanted relative movement between sensor components. For example, both radial runout and axial runout have minimal effect on the output of the sensor.
  • the particular design of the magnetic circuit used by this sensor enables it to generate a high output signal for its size.
  • the changes in flux generated by the rotor system induce alternating voltage in a coil of wire in a well known manner to produce signals representative of rotational speed.
  • the rotor carries circumferentially spaced magnets in an axially opposed position with respect to teeth formed on the stator.
  • This embodiment may be used, with minor modifications, in environments where a rotating shaft turns within a stationary bore, or where a rotating bore turns about a stationary shaft.
  • FIG 1 shows one embodiment of the rotational speed sensor of the present invention.
  • rotor 410 is shown having several axially extending passageways 412 circumferentially spaced about the rotor.
  • the passageways define openings on each opposing rotor surface.
  • Magnets 414 are retained in the passageways by use of an adhesive or by mechanical interlock. Magnets 414 are aligned so as to offer common pole faces oriented toward opposing rotor surfaces.
  • the rotor 410 is constructed from a low magnetic permeability material such as nylon.
  • Stator elements 416 and 418 are relatively thin members constructed from a high magnetic permeability material having slots 420. Slots 420 may be formed by piercing holes in the stator structure or by forming teeth which project from the stator structure itself. In either manner, the stator elements offer radial portions having alternating circumferentially spaced regions having first and second magnitudes of magnetic permeability.
  • the magnets on the rotor provide a magnetic flux source and are arranged to produce a variable magnetic flux in a flux path formed around the coil 426.
  • Coil 426 provides a means for sensing variations in magnetic flux in said flux path.
  • the slots 420 are preferably filled with low magnetic permeability material to provide a relatively flat stator surface.
  • the radial length of the magnets 414 is shorter than the radial length of the stator slots 420 to avoid magnetic shunting of the magnets.
  • the circumferential width of the magnets 414 is preferably approximately the circumferential width of the stator slots 420 to permit the magnets to move into positions in which the magnetic flux path offers alternating high or low magnetic reluctance.
  • the plastic overmolds 422 and 424 are molded and secured to the stator elements by injection molding the overmolds with the stator elements 416 and 418 incorporated in an injection molding die as inserts. During the injection molding process, plastic flows to fill the slots formed in the stator elements to form an intimately bonded structure.
  • the stator elements 416 and 418 and the overmolds 422 and 424 are mirror images of one another permitting manufacture using the same process equipment.
  • the stator elements 416 and 418 have flanged portions which form a cavity for receiving wire coil 426.
  • Wire coil 426 is preferably 1300 turns of No. 39 enameled wire wound and encapsulated in bobbin 428.
  • Retainer 430 is constructed of high magnetic permeability material and serves to maintain structural connection of the stator elements as well as establish magnetic communication therebetween.
  • Lead wires 432 and 434 are connected to the wire coil 426 and pass through the retainer 430 and stator element 418 via strain relief 436.
  • the air gap 438 between rotor 410 and stator elements 416 and 418 is maintained by the clamping action of retainer 430 maintaining the stator elements 416 and 418 against opposing face portions of bobbin 428.
  • the inner most radial portions of the plastic overmold 422 and 424 may contact the hub portion 448 of rotor 410. If this occurs, very little wear will be experienced as the rotor 410 is preferably constructed from nylon filled with long fiber aramid and the plastic overmolds 422 and 424 are preferably constructed from PPS having 10% glass and 5% Teflon.
  • a toroidal magnetic flux path is established around the coil 426 proceeding from one pole face of magnets 414 passing through the teeth of the stator element 416 radially through the stator element, axially through the retainer 430 into stator element 418 radially therethrough into the respective stator teeth and finally to the opposing pole face of magnet 414.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the stator elements 416 and 418 having teeth 421 in aligned positions with respect to magnets 414 of rotor 410.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the same components wherein the rotor 410 has moved to a non-aligned position.
  • 100 magnets are used and each stator element has 100 slots.
  • the output voltage across leads 432 and 434 shown in Figure 1 will be an alternating voltage with an amplitude proportional to the speed of rotation and a frequency equal to the speed of rotation times the number of teeth encountered in one revolution.
  • the elastomeric ring 440 as shown in Figure 1 provides a compliant force frictionally engaging driving shaft 442.
  • ring 440 provides vibration isolation of the rotor relative to shaft 442.
  • the ring 440 includes two lip portions 444 and 445 which contact plastic overmolds 422 and 424 respectively to provide a seal to keep contaminants out of the moving parts of the sensor.
  • Friction drive of the rotor via ring 440 is the preferred drive means for the sensor; other means however, including tangs or keys engaging slots on the rotating shaft could also be used.
  • a supplemental seal 446 may be used on either or both sides of the sensor to supplement the sealing action of lip portions 444 and 445.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the rotor 410 illustrating the axially extending passageways 412 and rotor hub 448.
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view of rotor 410 taken along the lines 12-12 in Figure 3 showing passageway 412 having a first opening on a first radially extending surface of rotor 410 and a second opening on a second radially extending surface and a portion of the passageway intermediate the openings having a smaller radial dimension so as to mechanically interlock magnet 414 formed in the passageway.
  • the embodiment as illustrated in Figure 1 features a coil 426 radially spaced from the rotor 410 whereby the coil and rotor provide a minimal axial package size.
  • a variation of this embodiment features a coil 500 axially spaced from rotor 410 whereby the coil 500 and rotor 410 provide a minimal radial package size.
  • stator elements 502 and 504 are relatively thin members constructed from a high magnetic permeability material having slots 506. Teeth (not shown) are located intermediate the slots.
  • Plastic overmolds 508 and 510 are molded and secured to the stator elements by injection molding with the stator elements 502 and 504 incorporated in an injection molding die as inserts.
  • Stator element 504 has a flange portion which acts in conjunction with a flange portion formed integral to overmold 510 to define a cavity for receiving wire coil 500.
  • Retainer 514 acts in conjunction with annular magnetic flux conductor 516 to maintain stator 502 and 504 in magnetic communication with one another.
  • a toroidal magnetic flux path is established around the coil 500 proceeding from one pole face of magnet 414 passing through the teeth of the stator element 502 radially through the stator element, axially through the retainer 514 into the annular conductor 516, radially through the annular conductor into the stator element 504, radially through the stator to the stator teeth and finally to the opposite pole face of magnet 414.
  • All other components of the variation to the first embodiment are identical and retain identical numbers as previously described.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor, enthaltend:
    - einen Stator (416, 418; 502, 504) mit abwechselnden, in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandeten Bereichen (420, 421; 506), die eine erste und eine zweite Größe magnetischer Permeabilität aufweisen;
    - einen Rotor (410), der um eine Achse drehbar ist; und
    - Mittel (426; 500) zum Erfassen von Veränderungen des magnetischen Flusses in einem wenigstens teilweise von dem Stator gebildeten Flußweg; dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß:
    - der Stator zwei koaxiale, axial voneinander beabstandete Elemente (416, 418; 502, 504) aufweist;
    - die Statorelemente (416, 418; 502, 504) erste und zweite radiale Abschnitte aufweisen;
    - der erste radiale Abschnitt der Statorelemente (416, 418; 502, 504) die abwechselnden, in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandeten Bereiche (420, 421; 506) aufweist, die die erste und die zweite Größe magnetischer Permeabilität aufweisen;
    - die Statorelemente (416, 418; 502, 504) magnetisch miteinander in Verbindung stehen;
    - der Rotor ein Rotor (410) mit geringer magnetischer Permeabilität ist, der auf sich angeordnet mehrere in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandete Magnetflußquellen (414) aufweist;
    - die Magnetquellen (414) auf dem Rotor (410) und die in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandeten Bereiche (420, 421; 506) auf dem Stator einander axial gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind, um den von dem Stator gebildeten Magnetflußweg zu vervollständigen; und
    - die Magnetflußquellen (414) so angeordnet sind, daß sie einen variablen Magnetfluß in dem Flußweg erzeugen, wenn die in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandeten Bereiche (420, 421; 506) auf den Statorelementen (414, 418; 502, 504) und die Magnetflußquellen (414) zwischen einander axial gegenüberliegend ausgerichteten und nicht ausgerichteten Stellungen abwechseln.
  2. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Mittel zum Erfassen von Veränderungen des magnetischen Flusses in dem Flußweg eine Drahtschleife (426; 500) sind, die in unmittelbarer Nähe des Magnetflußweges angeordnet ist.
  3. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach Anspruch 2, bei dem der Rotor (410) und die Schleife (426) koaxial zwischen die Statorelemente (416, 418) geschachtelt sind.
  4. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach Anspruch 2, bei dem die Schleife (500) axial von dem Rotor (410) beabstandet ist, wodurch die Schleife (500) und der Rotor (410) eine minimale radiale Packungsgröße aufweisen.
  5. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach Anspruch 2, bei dem die Schleife (426) radial von dem Rotor (410) beabstandet ist, wodurch die Schleife (426) und der Rotor (410) eine minimale axiale Packungsgröße aufweisen.
  6. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach Anspruch 2, bei dem die abwechselnden, in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandeten Bereiche (420, 421; 506) des Stators durch Öffnungen (420; 506) gebildet sind, die in den Statorelementen (416, 418; 502, 504) gebildet sind, und bei dem die Statorelemente (416, 418; 502, 504) aus einem Material mit hoher magnetischer Permeabilität gebildet sind.
  7. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach Anspruch 6, bei dem die Öffnungen (420; 506) mit einem Material niedriger magnetischer Permeabilität gefüllt sind, wodurch die Flächen der Statorelemente (426, 418; 502, 504) ein relativ flaches Profil aufweisen.
  8. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die abwechselnden, in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandeten Bereiche (420, 421; 506) des Stators durch in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandete Zähne (421) gebildet sind, die auf diesem angeordnet sind, und bei dem die Zähne (421) den Magnetflußquellen (414) des Rotors (410) axial gegenüberliegend und in deren unmittelbarer Nähe angeordnet sind.
  9. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach Anspruch 3, zusätzlich enthaltend Rückhaltemittel (430; 514), die so angeordnet sind, daß sie den Stator, die Schleife (426; 500) und den Rotor (410) in einer einzigen Baugruppe zusammenhalten.
  10. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach den Ansprüchen 1, 3 und 8, bei dem zusätzlich:
    - die in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandeten Zähne (421) auf einander axial gegenüberliegenden, sich radial erstreckenden inneren und äußeren Flächen der Statorelemente (416, 418; 502, 504) angeordnet sind;
    - der Rotor (410) axial voneinander beabstandete, sich radial erstreckende erste und zweite Flächen aufweist, die mehrere in Umfangsrichtung voneinander beabstandete Durchgänge (412) aufweisen, welche eine erste Öffnung in der ersten Fläche und eine zugehörige zweite Öffnung in der zweiten Fläche bestimmen;
    - jede der in den Durchgängen (412) angeordneten Magnetflußquellen (414) angrenzend an die erste Öffnung einen ersten Pol und angrenzend an die zweite Öffnung einen zweiten Pol aufweist;
    - die in den Durchgängen (412) angeordneten Magnetflußquellen (414) und die Zähne (421) des Stators einander axial gegenüberliegend in gegenseitiger unmittelbarer Nähe angeordnet sind; und
    - die Magnetflußquellen (414) und der Stator so angeordnet sind, daß ein Magnetflußweg gebildet ist, durch den in der Schleife (426; 500) bei einer Drehung des Rotors (410) ein die Drehgeschwindigkeit des Rotors (410) relativ zu dem Stator angebender elektrischer Strom aufgrund von periodischen Veränderungen des Flußweges erzeugt wird, wenn die Magnetflußquellen (414) und die Zahnmittel (421) zwischen einander axial gegenüberliegend ausgerichteten und nicht ausgerichteten Stellungen abwechseln.
  11. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach Anspruch 1 oder 10, bei dem der Stator außerdem Abschnitte (420; 506) mit geringer magnetischer Permeabilität aufweist, die wenigstens teilweise den Raum zwischen den Zähnen (421) ausfüllen, wodurch der Stator ein relativ flaches Profil aufweist.
  12. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach Anspruch 1 oder 10, zusätzlich enthaltend ein elastisches Dichtungsmittel (444, 445, 446), das dem Sensor zugeordnet und so angeordnet ist, daß ein Durchgang von Fluid oder Verunreinigungen aus wenigstens einer Richtung verhindert ist.
  13. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach Anspruch 1 oder 10, bei dem der Rotor (410) von einem Reibungsantriebsmittel angetrieben ist, welches ein federndes Element (440) umfaßt, das an dem Rotor (410) befestigt ist und nachgiebig an einem Antriebsteil (442) angreift.
  14. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach den Ansprüchen 12 und 13, bei dem das Reibungsantriebsmittel (440) und das Dichtmittel (444, 445, 446) ein einstückiges Dicht- und Antriebselement (440, 444, 445) umfassen.
  15. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach Anspruch 14, bei dem der Rotor (410) ringförmig ist und diametral angeordnete innere und äußere Randflächen aufweist und bei dem das einstückige Dicht- und Antriebselement (440, 444, 445) sich entlang der inneren Randfläche des Rotors (410) erstreckt und mit wenigstens einem der Statorelemente (416, 418; 502, 504) in einer Dichtverbindung steht.
  16. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach den Ansprüchen 10 und 9, bei dem zusätzlich die Rückhaltemittel (430; 514) so angeordnet sind, daß sie eine magnetische Verbindung zwischen jedem der Statorelemente (416, 418; 502, 504) schaffen.
  17. Drehgeschwindigkeitssensor nach Anspruch 10, bei dem der Durchgang (412) eine radiale Abmessung aufweist, die zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Öffnung liegt und kleiner als die radiale Abmessung der ersten und der zweiten Öffnung ist, wobei die kleinere radiale Abmessung so wirkt, daß ein Formschluß gebildet ist, der die Magnetflußquelle (414) in dem Durchgang (412) zurückhält.
EP90125046A 1990-01-12 1990-12-20 Drehgeschwindigkeitsmessaufnehmereinheit Expired - Lifetime EP0437796B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94116159A EP0632272A3 (de) 1990-01-12 1990-12-20 Drehgeschwindigkeitsmessaufnehmereinheit.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US463736 1990-01-12
US07/463,736 US5111098A (en) 1988-08-24 1990-01-12 Unitary rotational speed sensor

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94116159.8 Division-Into 1994-10-13

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0437796A2 EP0437796A2 (de) 1991-07-24
EP0437796A3 EP0437796A3 (en) 1991-11-21
EP0437796B1 true EP0437796B1 (de) 1995-04-26

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94116159A Withdrawn EP0632272A3 (de) 1990-01-12 1990-12-20 Drehgeschwindigkeitsmessaufnehmereinheit.
EP90125046A Expired - Lifetime EP0437796B1 (de) 1990-01-12 1990-12-20 Drehgeschwindigkeitsmessaufnehmereinheit

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94116159A Withdrawn EP0632272A3 (de) 1990-01-12 1990-12-20 Drehgeschwindigkeitsmessaufnehmereinheit.

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5111098A (de)
EP (2) EP0632272A3 (de)
JP (1) JPH04212066A (de)
AU (1) AU653710B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9100056A (de)
DE (2) DE69018958T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2023628T3 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0437796A2 (de) 1991-07-24
JPH04212066A (ja) 1992-08-03
DE69018958T2 (de) 1995-09-21
AU6801290A (en) 1991-07-18
EP0632272A2 (de) 1995-01-04
EP0437796A3 (en) 1991-11-21
EP0632272A3 (de) 1995-04-12
AU653710B2 (en) 1994-10-13
ES2023628A4 (es) 1992-02-01
US5111098A (en) 1992-05-05
DE69018958D1 (de) 1995-06-01
DE437796T1 (de) 1991-11-07
ES2023628T3 (es) 1995-08-01
BR9100056A (pt) 1991-10-22

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