[go: up one dir, main page]

EP0435735B1 - Industriebrenner für flüssige Brennstoffe mit niedrigen Stickstoffoxidemissionen zum Erzeugen von mehreren elementaren Flammen und seine Anwendung - Google Patents

Industriebrenner für flüssige Brennstoffe mit niedrigen Stickstoffoxidemissionen zum Erzeugen von mehreren elementaren Flammen und seine Anwendung Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0435735B1
EP0435735B1 EP90403641A EP90403641A EP0435735B1 EP 0435735 B1 EP0435735 B1 EP 0435735B1 EP 90403641 A EP90403641 A EP 90403641A EP 90403641 A EP90403641 A EP 90403641A EP 0435735 B1 EP0435735 B1 EP 0435735B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
accordance
injection means
fuel
boss
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90403641A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0435735A1 (de
Inventor
Patrick Flament
Frédéric Bury
Gérard Martin
Jean-Claude Pillard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Entreprise Generale de Chauffage Industriel Pillard SA
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
Entreprise Generale de Chauffage Industriel Pillard SA
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Entreprise Generale de Chauffage Industriel Pillard SA, IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN filed Critical Entreprise Generale de Chauffage Industriel Pillard SA
Publication of EP0435735A1 publication Critical patent/EP0435735A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0435735B1 publication Critical patent/EP0435735B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a parallel flow liquid fuel burner according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention relates to the latter type of burners, which comprise an air flow parallel to the axis of a cylindrical or conical body, and a flame trap, generally composed of a rosette with inclined blades serving to give a rotational movement to a part of the supply air, and taking a part of the outlet section of the cylindrical or conical body.
  • patent FR-2,122,820 in the name of the Pillard Company
  • patent FR-2,564,182 in the name of the French Petroleum Institute.
  • the need to reduce the nitrogen oxides (NOx) generated in the flames has long demonstrated the advantage of reducing the content of free oxygen (02) which combines with the nitrogen in the fuel, of staging combustion to reduce peak temperatures, and to increase the rate of burnt gases recycled in the flame for the same purpose.
  • the present invention provides a device which enables nitrogen oxides to be reduced appreciably while maintaining good quality combustion.
  • the present invention relates to a liquid fuel parallel flow burner with the features of claim 1.
  • the diameter of the hub relative to the diameter of the stabilizer may be greater than 45% and preferably between 45% and 60%.
  • the fuel injection means can be adapted to produce a number of elementary flames at most equal to 6. Similarly, they can be adapted to generate a number of elementary flames greater than or equal to 4.
  • the injection means may comprise several injection orifices, the axes of which may be distributed over at least one conical surface whose angle at the top may be between 70 ° and 110 °.
  • the injection means may include several orifices, the axes of which may be distributed over two coaxial conical surfaces of angle with different vertices, and the orifices may be angularly offset.
  • the auxiliary fluid may be steam or a compressed gas forming a mixture or an emulsion between the auxiliary fluid and the fuel.
  • the hub may include a disc-shaped part comprising radial slots supplied with combustion air, these slots delivering a jet of combustion air substantially parallel to the surface of the disc.
  • the burner according to the invention can be used in an industrial application, in particular for powers between 3 and 75 MW per burner.
  • the reference 1 designates a hearth supplied by a burner 2 of the parallel flow type comprising a cylinder 3 which can optionally be replaced by a cone.
  • This cylinder 3, of axis 4 is conventionally supplied with air.
  • the overall direction of the air is substantially axial and is represented by the arrows 5.
  • Reference 6 designates the stabilizer as a whole which is centered substantially around the end of the injection nozzle 7 for liquid fuel.
  • the axis of the injection rod coincides with the axis 4 of the cylinder 3.
  • the fuel injection rod may preferably be of the fluid spray type auxiliary, such as steam, compressed air, or compressed gas.
  • the auxiliary fluid sprays or atomizes the liquid fuel, mixes with it and can form an emulsion with the latter.
  • the injection pipe 7 has, at the terminal part 8 of its end 9, several orifices 10, 11 serving for the introduction of the auxiliary fluid / fuel mixture into the hearth 1.
  • the injection ports have injection axes 12, 13.
  • the axes of the injection ports are located on a conical surface with an apex angle ⁇ (Alpha) of between 60 ° and 110 °.
  • the stabilizer 6 comprises a rosette 14 comprising inclined blades 15, 16 relative to the axial plane. These blades which surround the central hub 17 can be flat or curvilinear.
  • the stabilizer further comprises an outer shroud 15a and an inner shroud 15b.
  • the hub 17 has a central opening 18 providing passage to the injection rod 7.
  • the hub 17 has the shape of a disc having radial slots.
  • the hub can be manufactured by foundry or stamping.
  • the radial slots 19 (FIG. 3) are supplied with combustion air and make it possible to cool and sweep the surface of the hub in order to avoid deposits therein. Air comes out of the slots substantially tangentially to the surface of the disc.
  • the blades 15, 16 have a leading edge included in a radial plane.
  • the central hub has a conical shape or has a conical portion 20 (Fig. 2).
  • the blades 25 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 have a leading edge 26 inclined rearward relative to a radial plane and inclined relative to an axial plane.
  • the disc of the hub 28 is situated in the radial plane carrying this point 27.
  • FIG. 4 represents the end part 29 of an injection rod viewed from the front.
  • This terminal part has six injection holes, 3 of which referenced 30, 31, 32 have injection axes distributed over a conical surface making an apex angle of 70 °, and three others 33, 34, 35, surrounding the previous ones , have injection axes distributed over a conical surface having an apex angle of 110 °.
  • the orifices whose axes are placed on the same cone successively have an angular difference of 120 ° between them.
  • the angular difference between the successive orifices whether they are on one cone or on the other is 60 °.
  • the end portion 29 of the injection rod may have a frustoconical shape (case of Figure 2) or partially spherical.
  • the diameter of the stabilizer is designated by the letter D and the diameter of the central hub by the letter d.
  • d D is greater than or equal to 35%, d D may be between 45% and 60%.
  • the "flame” generated by the burner is a multi-flame composed of several flames independent elementaries 37, 38 (Fig. 1) or 39 to 43 (Fig. 2) separated by small diameters that do not combine into a single large flame.
  • the rosette with inclined blades is designed to achieve a high rate of recirculation "R" of burnt gases to the elementary flames.
  • R rate of recirculation
  • the presence of the hub 28 makes it possible to produce and ignite a "pilot" eddy for stabilizing the flame, which makes it possible to avoid the unhooking of the elementary flames, to ensure their stabilization.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Brenner mit Parallelströmung für flüssige Brennstoffe, umfassend: Injektionsmittel (7,8) für diesen Brennstoff sowie einen mittigen Flammenstabilisator (6), der zylindrisch ist, einen Teil des Austrittsquerschnitts des Brenners einnimmt und einen Schaufelkranz (14) mit geneigten Schaufeln (15, 16, 25) aufweist, der um eine mittige Narbe (17, 28) angeordnet ist, die ihrerseits um die Injektionsmittel (7, 8) angeordnet ist, wobei die Austrittsebene der Narbe in der Austrittsebene der Schaufeln (Fig. 2) oder rückspringend zu dieser (Fig. 1) angeordnet ist und der Durchmesser der Narbe größer oder gleich 35% des Durchmessers des Stabilisators ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Injektionsmittel mehrere Brennstoffinjektionsöffnungen (10, 11; 30 bis 35) aufweisen, die so ausgebildet sind, daß sie elementare, getrennte Flammen (37, 38; 39 bis 43) schaffen, daß diese Narbe (17, 28) die Form einer Scheibe oder eines Konus hat, die radiale Schlitze (19) umfaßt und daß diese Injektionsmittel (7, 8) vom Typ mit Hilfsfluidzerstäubung sind, wobei die Kombination einen Mehrflammenbrenner zu realisieren gestattet, der eine gestufte Verbrennung bewirkt.
  2. Brenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Durchmesser d der Narbe bezogen auf den Durchmesser D des Stabilisators zwischen 45 und 60% beträgt.
  3. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Brennstoffinjektionsmittel so ausgebildet sind, daß sie eine Anzahl von Elementarflammen von höchstens 6 schaffen.
  4. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Injektionsmittel mehrere Injektionsöffnungen umfassen, deren Achsen über eine konische Fläche verteilt sind, deren Spitzenwinkel zwischen 60° und 110° beträgt.
  5. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Injektionsmittel mehrere Öffnungen umfassen, deren Achsen auf zwei konische koaxiale Flächen von unterschiedlichen Spitzenwinkeln verteilt sind und daß diese Öffnungen winkelversetzt sind.
  6. Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Hilfsfluid Wasserdampf oder ein komprimiertes Gas ist, das ein Gemisch oder eine Emulsion zwischen dem Hilfsfluid und dem Brennstoff bildet.
  7. Brenner nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Narbe einen Teil in Scheibenform umfaßt und daß dieser Teil Radialschlitze (19) umfaßt, die mit Sauerstoffträgerluft gespeist sind, wobei diese Schlitze einen Sauerstoffträgerluftstrahl im wesentlichen parallel zur Oberfläche der Scheibe liefern.
  8. Brenner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das aus diesen Injektionsmitteln austretende Mehrphasenfluid eine mittlere Geschwindigkeit zwischen 40 und 100 m/s besitzt.
  9. Verwendung des Brenners nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, bei einer industriellen Anlage für Leistungen zwischen 3 und 75 MW pro Brenner.
EP90403641A 1989-12-28 1990-12-18 Industriebrenner für flüssige Brennstoffe mit niedrigen Stickstoffoxidemissionen zum Erzeugen von mehreren elementaren Flammen und seine Anwendung Expired - Lifetime EP0435735B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8917346 1989-12-28
FR898917346A FR2656676B1 (fr) 1989-12-28 1989-12-28 Bruleur industriel a combustible liquide a faible emission d'oxyde d'azote, ledit bruleur generant plusieurs flammes elementaires et son utilisation.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0435735A1 EP0435735A1 (de) 1991-07-03
EP0435735B1 true EP0435735B1 (de) 1995-03-22

Family

ID=9389085

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90403641A Expired - Lifetime EP0435735B1 (de) 1989-12-28 1990-12-18 Industriebrenner für flüssige Brennstoffe mit niedrigen Stickstoffoxidemissionen zum Erzeugen von mehreren elementaren Flammen und seine Anwendung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5169304A (de)
EP (1) EP0435735B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2033366C (de)
DE (1) DE69018047T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2073002T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2656676B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5547368A (en) * 1993-03-01 1996-08-20 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Process and device for combustion-enhanced atomization and vaporization of liquid fuels
US5449286A (en) * 1993-06-22 1995-09-12 Praxair Technology, Inc. Controlled flame fuel jet combustion
FR2706985B1 (de) * 1993-06-22 1995-08-25 Pillard Ent Gle Chauffage Indl
US5407347A (en) * 1993-07-16 1995-04-18 Radian Corporation Apparatus and method for reducing NOx, CO and hydrocarbon emissions when burning gaseous fuels
US5470224A (en) * 1993-07-16 1995-11-28 Radian Corporation Apparatus and method for reducing NOx , CO and hydrocarbon emissions when burning gaseous fuels
US5545031A (en) * 1994-12-30 1996-08-13 Combustion Tec, Inc. Method and apparatus for injecting fuel and oxidant into a combustion burner
US5567141A (en) * 1994-12-30 1996-10-22 Combustion Tec, Inc. Oxy-liquid fuel combustion process and apparatus
US5725367A (en) * 1994-12-30 1998-03-10 Combustion Tec, Inc. Method and apparatus for dispersing fuel and oxidant from a burner
FR2774152B1 (fr) 1998-01-28 2000-03-24 Inst Francais Du Petrole Chambre de combustion de turbine a gaz fonctionnant au carburant liquide
AU4451700A (en) * 1999-04-09 2000-11-14 Mcdermott Technology, Inc. Tunneled multi-blade swirler/gas injector for a burner
FR2794221B1 (fr) 1999-05-31 2001-08-24 Pillard Chauffage PERFECTIONNEMENTS AUX BRULEURS A COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDE A BASSE EMISSION DE NOx ET DE POUSSIERES, ET AUX ATOMISEURS
US6524098B1 (en) 2000-05-16 2003-02-25 John Zink Company Llc Burner assembly with swirler formed from concentric components
US6951454B2 (en) * 2003-05-21 2005-10-04 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Dual fuel burner for a shortened flame and reduced pollutant emissions
FR2889292B1 (fr) * 2005-07-26 2015-01-30 Optimise Procede et installation de combustion sans soutien de gaz combustible pauvre a l'aide d'un bruleur et bruleur associe
DE102006060867B4 (de) * 2006-12-22 2020-07-02 Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh Drehofenbrenner
DE102011013950A1 (de) * 2011-03-14 2012-09-20 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Brenner und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brenners
US20170254264A1 (en) * 2016-03-03 2017-09-07 Technische Universität Berlin Swirl-stabilised burner having an inertisation front and related methods

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3232542A (en) * 1963-12-16 1966-02-01 Colin-Smith Eric Oil burner
FR2126464A5 (de) * 1971-01-13 1972-10-06 Pillard Entr Gle Chauffa
FR2122820A5 (de) * 1971-01-22 1972-09-01 Pillard Freres Cie
EP0124146A1 (de) * 1983-03-30 1984-11-07 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Verfahren und Gerät zum Verbrennen von Brennstoff mit niedriger NOx-, Russ- und Teilchenemission
FR2564182B1 (fr) * 1984-05-11 1989-08-04 Inst Francais Du Petrole Bruleur pour foyer comportant un convergent
US4604048A (en) * 1985-05-06 1986-08-05 John Zink Company Methods and apparatus for burning fuel with low NOx formation
EP0243506B1 (de) * 1985-10-31 1990-09-12 Nihon Nensho System Kabushiki Kaisha Strahlungsrohrbrenner
GB2204674B (en) * 1987-05-12 1991-07-03 Control Syst Co Burner assembly for oil fired furnaces
FR2625295B1 (fr) * 1987-12-24 1990-04-13 Gaz De France Procede et appareil destines a assurer la combustion etagee d'un melange combustible-comburant diminuant la production d'oxydes d'azote

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2073002T3 (es) 1995-08-01
CA2033366A1 (fr) 1991-06-29
EP0435735A1 (de) 1991-07-03
US5169304A (en) 1992-12-08
FR2656676B1 (fr) 1994-07-01
DE69018047T2 (de) 1995-07-27
DE69018047D1 (de) 1995-04-27
CA2033366C (fr) 2000-04-25
FR2656676A1 (fr) 1991-07-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0435735B1 (de) Industriebrenner für flüssige Brennstoffe mit niedrigen Stickstoffoxidemissionen zum Erzeugen von mehreren elementaren Flammen und seine Anwendung
EP1640662B1 (de) Brauseinjektor für ein aeromechanisches Luft/Brennstoffseinspritzsystem einer Gasturbinenbrennkammer
EP0833107B1 (de) Aerodynamisches Einspritzsystem zur Einspritzung eines Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches
AU647770B2 (en) Fuel injector nozzle
AU612038B2 (en) Improvements relating to nozzles for in-cylinder fuel injection systems
EP0933594B1 (de) Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Gasturbinenbrennkammer für flüssigen Kraftstoff
EP0099828B1 (de) Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von brennbaren Fluiden mit Luftinduktion
WO2007012755A1 (fr) Procédé et installation de combustion de gaz combustible pauvre, sans soutien, à l'aide d'un brûleur et brûleur associé
FR2485692A1 (fr) Procede et bruleur pour produire une combustion a faible teneur en oxydes d'azote des gaz d'echappement dans un tube radiant
EP1640661B1 (de) Aerodynamisches aufschäumendes Brennstoff/Luft Einspritzungssystem für eine Gasturbinenbrennkammer
FR2706985A1 (de)
WO1986007434A1 (fr) Bruleur pour chaudiere a combustible liquide avec circuit de recyclage des gaz de combustion
FR2706020A1 (fr) Ensemble de chambre de combustion, notamment pour turbine à gaz; comprenant des zones de combustion et de vaporisation séparées.
FR3080672A1 (fr) Prechambre pour chambre de combustion annulaire a ecoulement giratoire pour moteur a turbine a gaz
FR2770873A1 (fr) Moteur a combustion interne a allumage par etincelle et a injection directe
EP0926434A1 (de) Stickoxidemissionsarmer Brenner mit Gasrückführung
EP4004443B1 (de) Brennkammer mit sekundäreinspritzsystemen und verfahren zur kraftstoffversorgung
FR2602271A1 (fr) Dispositif d'injection, pour turbomachines, a vrille de turbulence a calage variable
FR2465158A3 (fr) Bruleur a mazout a pulverisation, notamment pour appareils de faible puissance
FR2729743A1 (fr) Tete de combustion, en particulier pour bruleur a air souffle, et bruleur equipe d'une telle tete
JPH0318819Y2 (de)
FR2495229A1 (fr) Buse d'injection de carburant a double ouverture pour moteur a turbine a gaz
CA1264437A (fr) Bruleur a gaz
FR2965893A1 (fr) Modele d'injecteur primaire resistant aux flammes
FR2564181A1 (fr) Bruleur pour foyer a grande souplesse de fonctionnement

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19910105

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE DE ES GB IT NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19930309

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE DE ES GB IT NL SE

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19950327

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69018047

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19950427

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2073002

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20021108

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20031124

Year of fee payment: 14

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20031219

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20031222

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20031223

Year of fee payment: 14

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20041218

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20041231

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: ENTREPRISE GENERALE DE CHAUFFAGE INDUSTRIEL *PILLA

Effective date: 20041231

Owner name: *INSTITUT FRANCAIS DU PETROLE

Effective date: 20041231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050701

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20041218

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20050701

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20060103

Year of fee payment: 16

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20061205

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20061231

Year of fee payment: 17

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070703

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: ENTREPRISE GENERALE DE CHAUFFAGE INDUSTRIEL *PILLA

Effective date: 20041231

Owner name: *INSTITUT FRANCAIS DU PETROLE

Effective date: 20041231

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20071219

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20071219

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20071218