[go: up one dir, main page]

EP0435735A1 - Industriebrenner für flüssige Brennstoffe mit niedrigen Stickstoffoxidemissionen zum Erzeugen von mehreren elementaren Flammen und seine Anwendung - Google Patents

Industriebrenner für flüssige Brennstoffe mit niedrigen Stickstoffoxidemissionen zum Erzeugen von mehreren elementaren Flammen und seine Anwendung Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0435735A1
EP0435735A1 EP90403641A EP90403641A EP0435735A1 EP 0435735 A1 EP0435735 A1 EP 0435735A1 EP 90403641 A EP90403641 A EP 90403641A EP 90403641 A EP90403641 A EP 90403641A EP 0435735 A1 EP0435735 A1 EP 0435735A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
fuel
injection
burner according
injection means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90403641A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0435735B1 (de
Inventor
Patrick Flament
Frédéric Bury
Gérard Martin
Jean-Claude Pillard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Entreprise Generale de Chauffage Industriel Pillard SA
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Original Assignee
Entreprise Generale de Chauffage Industriel Pillard SA
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Entreprise Generale de Chauffage Industriel Pillard SA, IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN filed Critical Entreprise Generale de Chauffage Industriel Pillard SA
Publication of EP0435735A1 publication Critical patent/EP0435735A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0435735B1 publication Critical patent/EP0435735B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a parallel flow liquid fuel burner for boilers and fireplaces or with hot walls.
  • the present invention relates to the latter type of burners, which comprise an air flow parallel to the axis of a cylindrical or conical body, and a flame trap, generally composed of a rosette with inclined blades serving to give a rotational movement to a part of the supply air, and taking a part of the outlet section of the cylindrical or conical body.
  • patent FR-2,122,820 in the name of the Pillard Company
  • patent FR-2,564,182 in the name of the French Petroleum Institute.
  • the need to reduce the nitrogen oxides (NOx) generated in the flames has long demonstrated the advantage of reducing the content of free oxygen (02) which combines with the nitrogen in the fuel, of staging combustion to reduce peak temperatures, and to increase the rate of burnt gases recycled in the flame for the same purpose.
  • the present invention provides a device which makes it possible to reduce nitrogen oxides appreciably while maintaining good quality combustion.
  • the device according to the invention is easy to implement.
  • This combination also makes it possible to limit the peak temperature of the different flames thanks to a high rate of gas recirculation resulting from combustion in the different flames, while maintaining stabilization of the flame and avoiding the deposition of drops of unburnt fuel on the stabilizer.
  • the burner used according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the NO emissions of the flame by approximately 30% or more.
  • the flame stabilizer may be cylindrical, occupying part of the burner outlet section, the hub may be in the form of a disc or a cone, the outlet plane of which is located in the outlet plane of the blades or in withdrawal thereof and whose diameter may be greater than or equal to 35% of the diameter of the stabilizer, and finally, the injection means may be of the spray type with auxiliary fluid.
  • the diameter of the hub relative to the diameter of the stabilizer may be greater than 45% and preferably between 45% and 60%.
  • the fuel injection means can be adapted to produce a number of elementary flames at most equal to 6. Similarly, they can be adapted to generate a number of elementary flames greater than or equal to 4.
  • the injection means may comprise several injection orifices, the axes of which may be distributed over at least one conical surface whose angle at the top may be between 70 ° and 110 °.
  • the injection means may comprise several orifices, the axes of which may be distributed over two coaxial conical surfaces of angle with different vertices, and the orifices may be angularly offset.
  • the auxiliary fluid may be steam or a compressed gas forming a mixture or an emulsion between the auxiliary fluid and the fuel.
  • the hub may include a disc-shaped part comprising radial slots supplied with combustion air, these slots delivering a jet of combustion air substantially parallel to the surface of the disc.
  • the possibly multiphasic fluid such as an emulsion leaving the injection means, may have an average speed of between 40 and 100 m / s.
  • the burner according to the invention can be used in an industrial application, in particular for powers between 3 and 75 MW per burner.
  • the reference 1 designates a hearth fed by a burner 2 of the parallel flow type comprising a cylinder 3 which can optionally be replaced by a cone.
  • This cylinder 3, of axis 4, is conventionally supplied with air.
  • the overall direction of the air is substantially axial and is represented by the arrows 5.
  • Reference 6 designates the stabilizer as a whole which is centered substantially around the end of the injection nozzle 7 for liquid fuel.
  • the axis of the injection rod coincides with the axis 4 of the cylinder 3.
  • the fuel injection rod may preferably be of the fluid spray type auxiliary, such as steam, compressed air, or compressed gas.
  • the auxiliary fluid sprays or atomizes the liquid fuel, mixes with it and can form an emulsion with the latter.
  • the injection pipe 7 has, at the terminal part 8 of its end 9, several orifices 10, 11 serving for the introduction of the auxiliary fluid / fuel mixture into the hearth 1.
  • the injection orifices have injection axes 12, 13.
  • the axes of the injection orifices are located on a conical surface with an angle at the apex ⁇ (Alpha) of between 60 ° and 110 °.
  • the stabilizer 6 has a rose 14 comprising inclined blades 15, 16 relative to the axial plane. These blades which surround the central hub 17 can be flat or curvilinear.
  • the stabilizer further comprises an outer shroud 15a and an inner shroud 15b.
  • the hub 17 has a central opening 18 providing passage to the injection rod 7.
  • the hub 17 has the shape of a disc comprising radial slots.
  • the hub can be manufactured by foundry or stamping.
  • the radial slots 19 (FIG. 3) are supplied with combustion air and make it possible to cool and sweep the surface of the hub in order to avoid deposits therein. Air comes out of the slots substantially tangentially to the surface of the disc.
  • the blades 15, 16 have a leading edge included in a radial plane.
  • the hub 17 shown in Figure 1 is set back by relative to the radial plane comprising the leading edge of the blades 15 and 16.
  • the reference 39 designates an opening which may be conical (case of the figure) or cylindrical.
  • the central hub has a conical shape or has a conical portion 20 (Fig. 2).
  • the stabilizer occupies only part of the passage section delivered to the air 5 by the cylinder 3.
  • the section of this annular space can be equal to or greater than 10% of the total passage section of the cylinder 3 and it can preferably be between 10 and 50%. Good results can be obtained for sections of passage of the annular space between 10 and 35% of the total section of passage of the passage of cylinder 3 and in particular for a value close to 25%.
  • FIG. 2 which illustrates a variant of FIG. 2, the air supplying the stabilizer is guided upstream of the latter by a skirt 22, possibly pierced with passages 23.
  • the space 21 between the stabilizer 14 and the cylinder 3 is supplied by the annular cylinder 24 delimited by the cylindrical skirt 22 and the cylinder 3.
  • the blades 25 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 have a leading edge 26 inclined rearward relative to a radial plane and inclined relative to an axial plane.
  • the central hub, or the disc which it comprises can be set back from the radial plane comprising the most advanced point of the edge d attack directed towards the hearth 1. In FIG. 2, this point bears the reference 27.
  • the disc of the hub 28 is situated in the radial plane carrying this point 27.
  • FIG. 4 represents the end part 29 of an injection rod viewed from the front.
  • This terminal part has six injection orifices, 3 of which referenced 30, 31, 32 have injection axes distributed over a conical surface making an apex angle of 70 °, and three others 33, 34, 35, surrounding the previous ones , have injection axes distributed over a conical surface having an apex angle of 110 °.
  • the orifices 30, 31, 32 are angularly offset relative to the orifices 33, 34, 35.
  • the orifices whose axes are placed on the same cone successively have an angular difference of 120 ° between them.
  • the angular difference between the successive orifices whether they are on one cone or on the other is 60 °.
  • the terminal part 29 of the injection rod may have a frustoconical shape (case of FIG. 2) or partially spherical.
  • the diameter of the stabilizer is designated by the letter D and the diameter of the central hub by the letter d.
  • d D is preferably greater than 35%, d D may be between 45% and 60%.
  • FIG. 1 two elementary flames 37 and 38 have been represented diagrammatically and in FIG. 2, 5 elementary flames 39, 40, 41, 42 and 43 have been represented diagrammatically.
  • the "flame” generated by the burner is a multi-flame composed of several flames independent elementaries 37, 38 (Fig. 1) or 39 to 43 (Fig. 2) separated by small diameters that do not combine into a single large flame.
  • the rosette with inclined blades is designed to achieve a high rate of recirculation "R" of burnt gases to the elementary flames.
  • R rate of recirculation
  • the presence of the hub 28 makes it possible to produce and ignite a "pilot" eddy for stabilizing the flame, which makes it possible to avoid unhooking of the elementary flames, to ensure their stabilization.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
EP90403641A 1989-12-28 1990-12-18 Industriebrenner für flüssige Brennstoffe mit niedrigen Stickstoffoxidemissionen zum Erzeugen von mehreren elementaren Flammen und seine Anwendung Expired - Lifetime EP0435735B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR898917346A FR2656676B1 (fr) 1989-12-28 1989-12-28 Bruleur industriel a combustible liquide a faible emission d'oxyde d'azote, ledit bruleur generant plusieurs flammes elementaires et son utilisation.
FR8917346 1989-12-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0435735A1 true EP0435735A1 (de) 1991-07-03
EP0435735B1 EP0435735B1 (de) 1995-03-22

Family

ID=9389085

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90403641A Expired - Lifetime EP0435735B1 (de) 1989-12-28 1990-12-18 Industriebrenner für flüssige Brennstoffe mit niedrigen Stickstoffoxidemissionen zum Erzeugen von mehreren elementaren Flammen und seine Anwendung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5169304A (de)
EP (1) EP0435735B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2033366C (de)
DE (1) DE69018047T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2073002T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2656676B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2794221A1 (fr) 1999-05-31 2000-12-01 Pillard Chauffage PERFECTIONNEMENTS AUX BRULEURS A COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDE A BASSE EMISSION DE NOx ET DE POUSSIERES, ET AUX ATOMISEURS

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5547368A (en) * 1993-03-01 1996-08-20 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Process and device for combustion-enhanced atomization and vaporization of liquid fuels
US5449286A (en) * 1993-06-22 1995-09-12 Praxair Technology, Inc. Controlled flame fuel jet combustion
FR2706985B1 (de) * 1993-06-22 1995-08-25 Pillard Ent Gle Chauffage Indl
US5407347A (en) * 1993-07-16 1995-04-18 Radian Corporation Apparatus and method for reducing NOx, CO and hydrocarbon emissions when burning gaseous fuels
US5470224A (en) * 1993-07-16 1995-11-28 Radian Corporation Apparatus and method for reducing NOx , CO and hydrocarbon emissions when burning gaseous fuels
US5567141A (en) * 1994-12-30 1996-10-22 Combustion Tec, Inc. Oxy-liquid fuel combustion process and apparatus
US5725367A (en) * 1994-12-30 1998-03-10 Combustion Tec, Inc. Method and apparatus for dispersing fuel and oxidant from a burner
US5545031A (en) * 1994-12-30 1996-08-13 Combustion Tec, Inc. Method and apparatus for injecting fuel and oxidant into a combustion burner
FR2774152B1 (fr) 1998-01-28 2000-03-24 Inst Francais Du Petrole Chambre de combustion de turbine a gaz fonctionnant au carburant liquide
WO2000061992A1 (en) * 1999-04-09 2000-10-19 Mcdermott Technology, Inc. Tunneled multi-blade swirler/gas injector for a burner
US6524098B1 (en) 2000-05-16 2003-02-25 John Zink Company Llc Burner assembly with swirler formed from concentric components
US6951454B2 (en) * 2003-05-21 2005-10-04 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Dual fuel burner for a shortened flame and reduced pollutant emissions
FR2889292B1 (fr) * 2005-07-26 2015-01-30 Optimise Procede et installation de combustion sans soutien de gaz combustible pauvre a l'aide d'un bruleur et bruleur associe
DE102006060867B4 (de) * 2006-12-22 2020-07-02 Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh Drehofenbrenner
DE102011013950A1 (de) * 2011-03-14 2012-09-20 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Brenner und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brenners
US20170254264A1 (en) * 2016-03-03 2017-09-07 Technische Universität Berlin Swirl-stabilised burner having an inertisation front and related methods

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3232542A (en) * 1963-12-16 1966-02-01 Colin-Smith Eric Oil burner
FR2122820A5 (de) * 1971-01-22 1972-09-01 Pillard Freres Cie
FR2564182A1 (fr) * 1984-05-11 1985-11-15 Inst Francais Du Petrole Bruleur pour foyer comportant un convergent
EP0243506A1 (de) * 1985-10-31 1987-11-04 Nihon Nensho System Kabushiki Kaisha Strahlungsrohrbrenner
GB2204674A (en) * 1987-05-12 1988-11-16 Control Systems Co Burner assembly

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2126464A5 (de) * 1971-01-13 1972-10-06 Pillard Entr Gle Chauffa
EP0124146A1 (de) * 1983-03-30 1984-11-07 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Verfahren und Gerät zum Verbrennen von Brennstoff mit niedriger NOx-, Russ- und Teilchenemission
US4604048A (en) * 1985-05-06 1986-08-05 John Zink Company Methods and apparatus for burning fuel with low NOx formation
FR2625295B1 (fr) * 1987-12-24 1990-04-13 Gaz De France Procede et appareil destines a assurer la combustion etagee d'un melange combustible-comburant diminuant la production d'oxydes d'azote

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3232542A (en) * 1963-12-16 1966-02-01 Colin-Smith Eric Oil burner
FR2122820A5 (de) * 1971-01-22 1972-09-01 Pillard Freres Cie
FR2564182A1 (fr) * 1984-05-11 1985-11-15 Inst Francais Du Petrole Bruleur pour foyer comportant un convergent
EP0243506A1 (de) * 1985-10-31 1987-11-04 Nihon Nensho System Kabushiki Kaisha Strahlungsrohrbrenner
GB2204674A (en) * 1987-05-12 1988-11-16 Control Systems Co Burner assembly

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2794221A1 (fr) 1999-05-31 2000-12-01 Pillard Chauffage PERFECTIONNEMENTS AUX BRULEURS A COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDE A BASSE EMISSION DE NOx ET DE POUSSIERES, ET AUX ATOMISEURS
EP1058052A1 (de) * 1999-05-31 2000-12-06 Entreprise Generale De Chauffage Industriel Pillard Brenner für flüssige Brennstoffe mit niedriger NOx- und Staubemission und Düse dafür
US6425755B1 (en) 1999-05-31 2002-07-30 Enterprise Generale De Chauffage Industriel Pillard Liquid fuel burner and atomizer having low emissions of NOx and dust

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2656676B1 (fr) 1994-07-01
DE69018047D1 (de) 1995-04-27
FR2656676A1 (fr) 1991-07-05
US5169304A (en) 1992-12-08
EP0435735B1 (de) 1995-03-22
DE69018047T2 (de) 1995-07-27
CA2033366A1 (fr) 1991-06-29
CA2033366C (fr) 2000-04-25
ES2073002T3 (es) 1995-08-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0435735B1 (de) Industriebrenner für flüssige Brennstoffe mit niedrigen Stickstoffoxidemissionen zum Erzeugen von mehreren elementaren Flammen und seine Anwendung
EP0833107B1 (de) Aerodynamisches Einspritzsystem zur Einspritzung eines Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisches
EP1640662B1 (de) Brauseinjektor für ein aeromechanisches Luft/Brennstoffseinspritzsystem einer Gasturbinenbrennkammer
AU647770B2 (en) Fuel injector nozzle
US4741279A (en) Method of and apparatus for combusting coal-water mixture
US5685492A (en) Fuel injector nozzles
US5090625A (en) Nozzles for in-cylinder fuel injection systems
EP1640661B1 (de) Aerodynamisches aufschäumendes Brennstoff/Luft Einspritzungssystem für eine Gasturbinenbrennkammer
EP0099828A2 (de) Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von brennbaren Fluiden mit Luftinduktion
FR2706985A1 (de)
WO1986007434A1 (fr) Bruleur pour chaudiere a combustible liquide avec circuit de recyclage des gaz de combustion
FR2706020A1 (fr) Ensemble de chambre de combustion, notamment pour turbine à gaz; comprenant des zones de combustion et de vaporisation séparées.
EP0926434A1 (de) Stickoxidemissionsarmer Brenner mit Gasrückführung
EP4004443B1 (de) Brennkammer mit sekundäreinspritzsystemen und verfahren zur kraftstoffversorgung
FR2729743A1 (fr) Tete de combustion, en particulier pour bruleur a air souffle, et bruleur equipe d'une telle tete
FR2465158A3 (fr) Bruleur a mazout a pulverisation, notamment pour appareils de faible puissance
JPH0318819Y2 (de)
WO2023057722A1 (fr) Dispositif d'injection de dihydrogène et d'air
FR2564181A1 (fr) Bruleur pour foyer a grande souplesse de fonctionnement
FR2495229A1 (fr) Buse d'injection de carburant a double ouverture pour moteur a turbine a gaz
FR2965893A1 (fr) Modele d'injecteur primaire resistant aux flammes
JPS63259313A (ja) 石炭・水混合燃料の燃焼方法
FR2807103A1 (fr) Chambre de combustion pour moteur a allumage commande et a injection directe
JPH0861613A (ja) 低ＮＯｘバーナ
JPS5838687B2 (ja) 低ｎｏｘ液体燃料噴射弁

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19910105

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE DE ES GB IT NL SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19930309

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE DE ES GB IT NL SE

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19950327

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69018047

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19950427

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2073002

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20021108

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20031124

Year of fee payment: 14

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20031219

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20031222

Year of fee payment: 14

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20031223

Year of fee payment: 14

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20041218

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20041231

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: ENTREPRISE GENERALE DE CHAUFFAGE INDUSTRIEL *PILLA

Effective date: 20041231

Owner name: *INSTITUT FRANCAIS DU PETROLE

Effective date: 20041231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050701

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20041218

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20050701

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20060103

Year of fee payment: 16

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20061205

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20061231

Year of fee payment: 17

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070703

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: ENTREPRISE GENERALE DE CHAUFFAGE INDUSTRIEL *PILLA

Effective date: 20041231

Owner name: *INSTITUT FRANCAIS DU PETROLE

Effective date: 20041231

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20071219

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20071219

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20071218