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EP0386077B1 - Plastic electrode - Google Patents

Plastic electrode Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0386077B1
EP0386077B1 EP88909761A EP88909761A EP0386077B1 EP 0386077 B1 EP0386077 B1 EP 0386077B1 EP 88909761 A EP88909761 A EP 88909761A EP 88909761 A EP88909761 A EP 88909761A EP 0386077 B1 EP0386077 B1 EP 0386077B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plastic
plastic electrode
electrode
electrical lead
resistance
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EP88909761A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0386077A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Hilleberg
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT88909761T priority Critical patent/ATE67261T1/en
Publication of EP0386077A1 publication Critical patent/EP0386077A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E04B1/7007—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by using electricity, e.g. electro-osmosis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plastic electrode according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Plastic electrodes made of conductive plastic are known in principle (cf. EP-A-0100845).
  • a known plastic electrode consists of a flexible network, which comprises, for example, metallic, network-like threads in the interior, which are supplied with voltage by a power supply line running in the longitudinal direction in the middle of the band-shaped electrode.
  • This metallic basic net can be encased in a plastic immersion bath with a thermoset, which consists of electrically conductive plastic.
  • the filamentary carrier materials can also consist of carbon filaments in the central longitudinal direction of the band-shaped electrode, which, like the metal filaments, are preferably silver-plated.
  • a far more serious problem is the generation of homogeneous electric fields, especially in the case of large-area electrolysis electrodes.
  • Another problem is the transmission of the current to the electrolyte to be processed, which can be present, for example, in a concentrated form in aqueous solution.
  • the present invention takes a completely opposite approach .
  • the at least one electrical line for the plastic electrode is not in direct and direct contact with the plastic electrode, but via interposed resistors.
  • the resistance value should be greater than that of the electrical line, but also the resistance value of the electrically conductive plastic material of the plastic electrode.
  • the higher resistance value of the intermediate resistors thus acts as insulation protection for the electrical lines.
  • the resistance of the electrical plastic electrode acts as a "receiving water" against the electrical supply line and optimally distributes the current over the entire surface.
  • a resistance value is required for the resistance of the electrical plastic electrode, which is preferably about 0.5-1 k ⁇ / m length of the electrical line in order to keep the contact resistance to the masonry and mortar low.
  • the electrical connecting line can be routed in parallel and connecting lines can be provided at regular or irregular intervals between the electrical supply line and the plastic electrode, into which the resistors mentioned are installed, the electrical line is in a preferred embodiment embedded in the plastic electrode.
  • the electrical line with at least a comparatively low resistance value is surrounded by a corresponding sheathed conductor with which it is in electrical contact.
  • the surrounding sheathed conductor has a considerably higher resistance value than the resistance value of the conductive plastic and the electrical conductor itself.
  • sheathed conductor is formed as a resistance connection to the electrical line and the electrical plastic electrode material in discrete sections on the electrical feed line, and that the remaining sheathing areas of the electrical conductor are provided with an insulating layer.
  • the sheathed conductor with a resistance value that is considerably greater than the resistance value of the conductive plastic electrode material ensures that the electrode in the area of the sheathed conductor works only slightly and is active, so that the actual electrical line arranged in the sheathed conductor is not overloaded.
  • an electrical line provided in the central longitudinal region is sufficient for supplying current and voltage
  • different variants can be implemented in which, for example in the case of a band-shaped electrode, the electrical supply line sheathed with a sheathed conductor is arranged on the outside.
  • electrical supply lines designed in a zigzag shape in the electrode or even in a double zigzag shape are also possible.
  • the cross-sectional thickness can be designed differently, in particular without providing a sufficient line cross section in the area of the electrical line.
  • the electrical conductor can also be designed in the form of a band instead of a thread-like cross section.
  • profiling for example in cross-section in the manner of a zigzag arrangement, has proven to be advantageous, as a result of which the overall surface can be enlarged.
  • the plastic electrode according to the invention can be produced particularly easily using extrudable and / or calenderable thermoplastic. With this band-shaped structure, large-area recesses and punched-outs can be made in the plastic electrode in order to improve the immediate electrode area and for better connection and attachment to the masonry.
  • an electrical conductor made of carbon or carbon is preferably used. Because the low resistances, as with metal, cause reactions at the electrode, which lead to rapid passivation. The contact resistance becomes infinitely large, so that the electrode can then no longer work.
  • the sheath conductor basically consists of the same plastic material as the conductive plastic material of the plastic electrode, but with the difference that in Immediate limit range to the voltage and power supply line, the density of the material and / or the proportions of the mixture ratio are changed or additional admixtures are added or omitted in order to significantly increase the resistance value.
  • FIG. It is a band-shaped plastic electrode, for example with a width of 15 to 30 cm.
  • a large number of punched-outs 1 are made in the plastic electrode, which also deviate from the circular passage openings can have any other shape.
  • These punched holes 1 offer advantages especially when using the plastic electrode for drying masonry, since the electrodes can then be held well on the masonry when the plaster is applied. In other applications, such a punching can be dispensed with, so that a full-surface plastic electrode is used.
  • the plastic electrode consists of a suitable conductive plastic material.
  • an electrical line 3 serving for the current and voltage supply is formed separately from the plastic electrode.
  • resistors 5 in connecting lines 6 connect the electrical line 3 to the conductive material of the plastic electrode, which is provided with the reference number 7.
  • a material with a low resistance is generally used for the electric line 3 in order to have only a slight drop in performance here.
  • Non-metallic conductors are preferably used, for example consisting of carbon or coal or from the use of these materials.
  • the possible materials for the electrical plastic electrode 7 generally have a higher resistance value than the electrical line 3.
  • the resistors 5, via which the plastic electrode is electrically connected to the electric line 3, are selected so that their resistance is significantly greater than the resistance value of the electric line 3 and also greater than the resistance value of the plastic material of the plastic electrode 7.
  • the plastic electrode counteracts the resistors 5 and thus with respect to the electrical line 3 as the receiving water, so that over the entire Surface of the plastic electrode 7, the current and voltage can be optimally distributed evenly.
  • the resistance value of the plastic material of the plastic electrode 7 may well have values of preferably 0.5 k ⁇ / m to 1 k ⁇ / m length of the electric line.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show a preferred exemplary embodiment.
  • the electrical line 3 serving for the current and voltage supply is arranged integrated in the plastic electrode 7 in the central longitudinal region thereof.
  • the electric line 3 is surrounded here with a sheathed conductor which corresponds in function to the resistors 5.
  • the electrical line 3 is only connected to the actual material of the plastic electrode 7 via the sheathed conductor representing the resistor 5. Since here too the resistance value of the sheathed conductor 5 is clearly above the resistance value of the plastic electrode 7 or the electric line 3. the preferred and surprising properties of the plastic electrode are achieved. In order to ensure a sufficient cross-section for the electric line 3, this can have not only a thread-like, but also a band-shaped cross-section, as shown in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the plastic electrode 7 can also be profiled. In the exemplary embodiment shown, it is formed in a zigzag cross-section, which increases the surface area by 41% compared to a flat band-shaped electrode with the same external dimensions. This increase in the current transfer area beats is positive when using the electrode. In addition to the punched holes 1, this profiling also improves the adhesiveness of such an electrode, particularly when used for drying masonry, since the mortar 9 can better attack the electrode and maintains the adhesiveness in the long term even when the temperature fluctuates.
  • the corrugation 11 is preferably introduced in the longitudinal direction of the electrode.
  • the plastic electrode in particular in the area of the electric line 3, can also be designed with a thickness that is different from the other thickness.
  • the thickness of the plastic electrode can be 0.05 to 2 mm, preferably 1 mm, for example.
  • the thickness can easily be 2 to 5 times the otherwise customary thickness, for example 3 to 4 mm.
  • the resistance and thus a desired potential profile can also be generated in certain areas.
  • the thickness at the distance from the electrical line 3 could increase slightly.
  • Plastic material which can be extruded and / or calendered is preferably used as the material for the plastic electrode.
  • the electrical line 3 can be processed together with the thermoplastic material to form the plastic electrode in an extrusion process.
  • the desired cross-sectional shape in the plastic electrode can also be produced by calendering.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 show only schematically that several electrical lines 3 with the corresponding sheathed conductors 5 representing the increased resistance value can also be provided.
  • the electrical lines 3 with the surrounding sheathed conductor can also be laid deviating from a straight line.
  • the two power supply lines 3 are arranged lying next to one another in a zigzag shape. In one case or another, this can lead to improved results.
  • the two electrical lines 3 are arranged so as to cross each other. Likewise, further cross-shaped or net-like overlapping electrical lines 3 can be provided in the plastic compound.
  • the multiplicity of electrical lines 3 running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the band-shaped electrode are formed in the interior of the plastic material, which in this exemplary embodiment are each firmly connected to the electrical line 3 running in the longitudinal direction on the outer edge.
  • an electrical line 3 running in the longitudinal direction as the main line is sufficient.
  • all electric lines 3 are sheathed with the above-mentioned sheath line 5 having the higher resistance value.
  • the sheathed conductors 5 with higher resistance are not shown in FIGS. 5 to 7.
  • metallic conductors are also fundamentally or at least purely theoretically possible for the electrical conductor 3, electrical conductors 3 made of non-metallic materials are preferred in order to avoid passivation effects. For example, leaders are considered which are manufactured using carbon or coal.
  • the resistors or, above all, the sheathed conductor 5 surrounding the actual electric line 3 can likewise consist of materials which have the desired higher resistance value.
  • a material or a group of materials which are formed from a non-metallic or predominantly non-metallic composition is preferred.
  • a plastic material is possible which is identical in principle and in its basic structure to the material of the actual conductive plastic electrode, but in which the density, the thickness and / or the mixing ratio and / or the admixture are changed in such a way that the resistance values compared to the increase the actual plastic material of the plastic electrode 7 significantly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Known plastic electrodes, in particular those used in the drying of walls, have the drawback that they are practically ineffective after a very brief transition period. To obtain a conductive plastic electrode which has the same voltage potential over its entire surface, even when large, and which gives trouble-free performance for long periods, the electric line (3) having a lower resistance than that of the conductive plastics material of the plastic electrode (7) is conductively connected to the material of the plastic electrode (7) through a resistance connection (5). The resistance of the resistance connection is greater than that of the electric line (3) and that of the plastics material. The plastic electrode is particularly useful in the drying of walls.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kunststoffelektrode nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a plastic electrode according to the preamble of claim 1.

Kunststoffelektroden aus leitendem Kunststoff sind vom Grundsatz her bekannt (vgl. EP-A-0100845). Eine bekannte Kunststoffelektrode besteht dabei aus einem flexiblen Netz, welches im Inneren beispielsweise metallische netzartig angeordnete Fäden umfaßt, die von einer in der Mitte der bandförmigen Elektrode in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Stromzuführungsleitung mit Spannung versorgt werden.Plastic electrodes made of conductive plastic are known in principle (cf. EP-A-0100845). A known plastic electrode consists of a flexible network, which comprises, for example, metallic, network-like threads in the interior, which are supplied with voltage by a power supply line running in the longitudinal direction in the middle of the band-shaped electrode.

Dieses metallische Grundnetz kann in einem Kunststoff-Tauchbad mit einem Duroplast ummantelt werden, welches aus elektrisch leitendem Kunststoff besteht. Die fadenförmigen Trägermaterialien können, mit Ausnahme der Stromzuführungsleitung, in der Mittellängsrichtung der bandförmigen Elektrode auch aus Karbonfäden bestehen, die ebenso wie die Metallfäden vorzugsweise versilbert sind.This metallic basic net can be encased in a plastic immersion bath with a thermoset, which consists of electrically conductive plastic. With the exception of the power supply line, the filamentary carrier materials can also consist of carbon filaments in the central longitudinal direction of the band-shaped electrode, which, like the metal filaments, are preferably silver-plated.

Es hat sich aber nunmehr gezeigt, daß diese oder auch andere vorbekannte Kunststoffelektroden eine Vielzahl von Nachteilen aufweisen. Zum einen besteht das Problem, daß dann, wenn ein leitfähiger Kunststoff mit metallischen Stromzuführungen kontaktiert wird, dies zu unerwünschten Reaktionen an den Stromübergängen zwischen Metall zum Kunststoff führt, was schließlich in einer Zerstörung der Elektrode enden kann.However, it has now been shown that these or other previously known plastic electrodes have a number of disadvantages. On the one hand, there is the problem that if a conductive plastic is contacted with metallic current leads, this leads to undesirable reactions at the current transitions between metal and plastic, which can ultimately result in the electrode being destroyed.

Ein noch bei weitem schwerwiegenderes Problem stellt allerdings die Erzeugung homogener elektrischer Felder, vor allem bei großflächigen Elektrolyseelektroden dar. Weiterhin problematisch ist die Übertragung des Stromes auf den zu bearbeitenden Elektrolyten, der beispielsweise in konzentrierter Form in wässriger Lösung vorliegen kann.A far more serious problem, however, is the generation of homogeneous electric fields, especially in the case of large-area electrolysis electrodes. Another problem is the transmission of the current to the electrolyte to be processed, which can be present, for example, in a concentrated form in aqueous solution.

Zwar könnte man bei dem eingangs zitierten Stand der Technik meinen, daß durch die netzförmige Elektrodenstruktur ein weitgehend gleichmäßiger Stromübergang auf der gesamten Fläche der Netzelektrode bei insgesamt gleichmäßigen elektrischen Feldern und Potentiale möglich sein müßte. In der Praxis hat sich aber nunmehr gezeigt, daß dies vor allem im längeren Betrieb nicht aufrechtzuerhalten ist.In the case of the prior art cited at the beginning, one could think that the reticular electrode structure should make it possible to achieve a largely uniform current transfer over the entire surface of the retractable electrode with uniform electric fields and potentials overall. In practice, however, it has now been shown that this cannot be maintained, especially in longer operation.

Durch vielfältigste Reaktionen zwischen Kunststoffelektrode und Elektrolyten wie im Inneren zwischen den leitfähigen, vor allem metallischen und versilberten Stromzuführungskabeln und dem Kunststoff selbst treten derart viele Reaktionen auf, was letztendlich zu einer ständigen Erhöhung der Widerstandswerte und zu einer völlig ungleichmäßigen Spannungsverteilung und ungleichmäßigen Stromdichtewerten führt.The most varied reactions between plastic electrodes and electrolytes, such as the interior between the conductive, especially metallic and silver-plated power supply cables and the plastic itself, result in so many reactions, which ultimately leads to a constant increase in resistance values and to a completely uneven voltage distribution and uneven current density values.

Dabei entstehen im Bereich des Mittelleiters zu hohe Stromdichten, bis dies zum völligen Versagen führt, während die außenliegenden Elektrodenflächen wegen der dort herrschenden höheren Widerstände gar keine Arbeit leisteten. Vergleichbare Vorgänge entstehen bei flächenhaften Folienelektroden mit punktueller Stromversorgung.This creates too high current densities in the area of the center conductor until this leads to complete failure, while the outer electrode surfaces did no work due to the higher resistances there. Comparable processes occur with flat foil electrodes with selective power supply.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es von daher, die Nachteile nach dem Stand der Technik zu vermeiden und eine leitfähige Kunststoffelektrode zu schaffen, die auch bei großflächiger Dimensionierung über ihre gesamte Fläche weitgehend ein gleiches Spannungspotential aufweist, und bei der eine weitgehend über die gesamte Fläche gleichmäßige Stromdichte bzw. -intensität gegenüber einem Elektrolyten aufrechterhalten werden kann.It is therefore an object of the present invention to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a conductive plastic electrode which, even with large dimensions, has largely the same voltage potential over its entire surface and in which it is largely uniform over the entire surface Current density or intensity compared to an electrolyte can be maintained.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß entsprechend den im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen 2 bis 19 angegeben.The object is achieved according to the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims 2 to 19.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Kunststoffelektrode wird ein zum Stand der Technik völlig unterschiedlicher Weg eingeschlagen.In the plastic electrode according to the invention, a path which is completely different from the prior art is taken.

Während beim Stand der Technik die elektrischen Leitungen in der Kunststoffelektrode ohnehin erheblich besser leitend sind als Kunststoffmaterial der Elektrode selbst und darüber hinaus beispielsweise Strom- und Spannungsversorgungsleitungen zusätzlich nach dem Stand der Technik noch versilbert sein können, wird bei der vorliegenden Erfindung ein völlig umgekehrter Weg eingeschlagen. Erfindungsgemäß ist danach vorgesehen, daß die zumindest eine elektrische Leitung für die Kunststoffelektrode mit dieser nicht direkt und unmittelbar in Kontakt steht, sondern über zwischengeschaltete Widerstände. Der Widerstandswert soll dabei größer sein als derjenige der elektrischen Leitung wie aber auch der Widerstandswert des elektrisch leitenden Kunststoffmaterials der Kunststoffelektrode. Der höhere Widerstandswert der zwischengeschalteten Widerstände wirkt so als Isolationsschutz für die elektrischen Leitungen. Der Widerstand der elektrischen Kunststoffelektrode wirkt gegenüber der elektrischen Versorgungsleitung als "Vorfluter" und verteilt den Strom optimal auf die gesamte Fläche.While in the prior art the electrical lines in the plastic electrode are in any case considerably better conductive than the plastic material of the electrode itself and, for example, current and voltage supply lines can also be silvered in accordance with the prior art, the present invention takes a completely opposite approach . According to the invention, it is provided that the at least one electrical line for the plastic electrode is not in direct and direct contact with the plastic electrode, but via interposed resistors. The resistance value should be greater than that of the electrical line, but also the resistance value of the electrically conductive plastic material of the plastic electrode. The higher resistance value of the intermediate resistors thus acts as insulation protection for the electrical lines. The resistance of the electrical plastic electrode acts as a "receiving water" against the electrical supply line and optimally distributes the current over the entire surface.

Insbesondere bei Anwendung der Kunststoffelektrode für die osmotische Trockenlegung von Mauerwerken wird für den Widerstand der elektrischen Kunststoffelektrode ein Widerstandswert benötigt, der vorzugsweise ca. 0,5-1 kΩ/m Länge der Elektroleitung ist, um den Übergangswiderstand zum Mauerwerk und Mörtel gering zu halten.Especially when using the plastic electrode for the osmotic drainage of masonry, a resistance value is required for the resistance of the electrical plastic electrode, which is preferably about 0.5-1 kΩ / m length of the electrical line in order to keep the contact resistance to the masonry and mortar low.

Obgleich natürlich bei einer beispielsweise bandförmigen Kunststoffelektrode die elektrische Anschlußleitung parallel geführt und in regelmäßigen oder unregelmäßigen Abständen Anschlußleitungen zwischen der elektrischen Versorgungsleitung und der Kunststoffelektrode vorgesehen sein können, in die die erwähnten Widerstände eingebaut sind, so ist in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform die elektrische Leitung integriert in der Kunststoffelektrode eingebettet. Dazu ist aber vorgesehen, daß die elektrische Leitung mit zumindest vergleichsweise geringem Widerstandswert mit einem entsprechenden Hüllenleiter umgeben ist, mit der sie im elektrischen Kontakt steht. Der umgebende Hüllenleiter weist einen erheblich größeren Widerstandswert als der Widerstandswert des leitenden Kunststoffes und des elektrischen Leiters selbst auf.Although, of course, in the case of, for example, a band-shaped plastic electrode, the electrical connecting line can be routed in parallel and connecting lines can be provided at regular or irregular intervals between the electrical supply line and the plastic electrode, into which the resistors mentioned are installed, the electrical line is in a preferred embodiment embedded in the plastic electrode. For this purpose, however, it is provided that the electrical line with at least a comparatively low resistance value is surrounded by a corresponding sheathed conductor with which it is in electrical contact. The surrounding sheathed conductor has a considerably higher resistance value than the resistance value of the conductive plastic and the electrical conductor itself.

Möglich ist auch, daß der Hüllenleiter als Widerstandsverbindung zu der elektrischen Leitung und dem elektrischen Kunststoffelektroden-Material in diskreten Abschnitten auf der elektrischen Zuführleitung ausgebildet ist, und daß die verbleibenden Ummantelungsbereiche des elektrischen Leiters mit einer Isolierschicht versehen sind.It is also possible that the sheathed conductor is formed as a resistance connection to the electrical line and the electrical plastic electrode material in discrete sections on the electrical feed line, and that the remaining sheathing areas of the electrical conductor are provided with an insulating layer.

Durch den Hüllenleiter mit erheblich größerem Widerstandswert als der Widerstandswert des leitenden Kunststoffelektroden-Materials wird gewährleistet, daß die Elektrode im Bereich des Hüllenleiters nur gering arbeitet und aktiv ist, so daß die eigentliche im Hüllenleiter angeordnete elektrische Leitung nicht überlastet wird.The sheathed conductor with a resistance value that is considerably greater than the resistance value of the conductive plastic electrode material ensures that the electrode in the area of the sheathed conductor works only slightly and is active, so that the actual electrical line arranged in the sheathed conductor is not overloaded.

Obgleich eine im mittleren Längsbereich vorgesehene elektrische Leitung zur Strom- und Spannungsversorgung ausreichend ist, können unterschiedliche Varianten verwirklicht werden, bei denen beispielsweise bei einer bandförmigen Elektrode jeweils außen die mit einem Hüllenleiter ummantelte elektrische Versorgungsleitung angeordnet ist. Aber auch zickzackförmig in der Elektrode oder gar doppelt zickzack-förmig ausgebildete elektrische Versorgungsleitungen sind möglich.Although an electrical line provided in the central longitudinal region is sufficient for supplying current and voltage, different variants can be implemented in which, for example in the case of a band-shaped electrode, the electrical supply line sheathed with a sheathed conductor is arranged on the outside. However, electrical supply lines designed in a zigzag shape in the electrode or even in a double zigzag shape are also possible.

Die Querschnittsdicke kann unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein, ohne insbesondere im Bereich der elektrischen Leitung einen ausreichenden Leitungsquerschnitt vorzusehen. Darüber hinaus kann der elektrische Leiter an Stelle eines fadenförmigen Querschnittes aber auch bandförmig ausgebildet sein.The cross-sectional thickness can be designed differently, in particular without providing a sufficient line cross section in the area of the electrical line. Furthermore the electrical conductor can also be designed in the form of a band instead of a thread-like cross section.

Als günstig erweist sich insbesondere eine Profilierung, beispielsweise im Querschnitt nach Art einer Zickzackanordnung, wodurch die Oberfläche insgesamt vergrößert werden kann.In particular, profiling, for example in cross-section in the manner of a zigzag arrangement, has proven to be advantageous, as a result of which the overall surface can be enlarged.

Die erfindungsgemäße Kunststoffelektrode läßt sich besonders leicht unter Verwendung von extrudier- und/oder kalandrierfähigem Thermoplast herstellen. Bei dieser bandförmigen Struktur können zur Verbesserung der unmittelbaren Elektrodenfläche und zur besseren Verbindung und Anbringung am Mauerwerk großflächige Ausnehmungen und Ausstanzungen in der Kunststoffelektrode eingebracht sein.The plastic electrode according to the invention can be produced particularly easily using extrudable and / or calenderable thermoplastic. With this band-shaped structure, large-area recesses and punched-outs can be made in the plastic electrode in order to improve the immediate electrode area and for better connection and attachment to the masonry.

Obgleich als elektrischer Leiter zur Strom- und Spannungsversorgung und der kunststoffelektrode ein metallischer Leiter verwandt werden kann, so werden bevorzugt ein elektrischer Leiter aus Karbon bzw. kohle verwandt. Denn die geringen Widerstände, wie beim Metall, bewirken Reaktionen an der Elektrode, die zu einer schnellen Passivierung führen. Der Übergangswiderstand wird unendlich groß, so daß die Elektrode dann nicht mehr arbeiten kann.Although a metallic conductor can be used as the electrical conductor for the current and voltage supply and the plastic electrode, an electrical conductor made of carbon or carbon is preferably used. Because the low resistances, as with metal, cause reactions at the electrode, which lead to rapid passivation. The contact resistance becomes infinitely large, so that the electrode can then no longer work.

Als Hüllenleiter kommen alle jene Materialien in Betracht, in denen der Widerstand größer ist als derjenige des elektrischen Versorgungsleiters, wie aber auch des leitenden kunststoffelektroden-Materials. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht der Hüllenleiter vom Grundsatz her aus dem gleichen Kunststoffmaterial wie das leitende Kunststoffmaterial der Kunststoffelektrode, allerdings mit dem Unterschied, daß im unmittelbaren Grenzbereich zur Spannungs- und Stromversorgungsleitung die Dichte des Materials, und/oder das Mischungsverhältnis in seinen Proportionen verändert oder aber zusätzliche Beimischungen zugegeben bzw. weggelassen werden, um dadurch den Widerstandswert deutlich zu erhöhen.All those materials are considered as sheathed conductors in which the resistance is greater than that of the electrical supply conductor, but also of the conductive plastic electrode material. In a preferred embodiment, the sheath conductor basically consists of the same plastic material as the conductive plastic material of the plastic electrode, but with the difference that in Immediate limit range to the voltage and power supply line, the density of the material and / or the proportions of the mixture ratio are changed or additional admixtures are added or omitted in order to significantly increase the resistance value.

Weitere Vorteile, Einzelheiten und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich nachfolgend aus den anhand von Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen. Dabei zeigen im einzelnen

Figur 1:
eine schematische auszugsweise Draufsicht auf eine bandförmige Kunststoffelektrode;
Figur 2:
eine schematische auszugsweise Draufsicht auf eine bandförmige Kunststoffelektrode mit integrierter elektrischer Versorgungsleitung;
Figur 3:
eine schematische auszugsweise Querschnittdarstellung durch das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2;
Figur 4:
ein alternatives Ausführungsbeispiel in Draufsicht;
Figur 5-7:
drei weitere Ausführungsbeispiele in schematischer Draufsicht.


Further advantages, details and features of the invention result below from the exemplary embodiments illustrated with the aid of drawings. Show in detail

Figure 1:
a schematic excerpt plan view of a band-shaped plastic electrode;
Figure 2:
a schematic excerpt plan view of a band-shaped plastic electrode with integrated electrical supply line;
Figure 3:
a schematic partial cross-sectional view through the embodiment of Figure 2;
Figure 4:
an alternative embodiment in plan view;
Figure 5-7:
three further embodiments in a schematic plan view.


In Figur 1 ist ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer leitenden Kunststoffelektrode gezeigt. Es handelt sich hier um eine bandförmige Kunststoffelektrode, beispielsweise mit einer Breite von 15 bis 30 cm. Zur Materialersparnis ist eine Vielzahl von Ausstanzungen 1 in die Kunststoffelektrode eingebracht, die abweichend von den kreisförmigen Durchtrittsöffnungen auch beliebige andere Formen aufweisen können. Diese Ausstanzungen 1 bieten Vorteile vor allem auch bei Verwendung der Kunststoffelektrode zum Trocknen von Mauerwerken, da die Elektroden dann beim Aufbringen des Putzes gut am Mauerwerk gehalten werden können. In anderen Einsatzfällen kann aber auf eine derartige Ausstanzung verzichtet werden, so daß eine vollflächige Kunststoffelektrode zum Einsatz gelangt.A first exemplary embodiment of a conductive plastic electrode is shown in FIG. It is a band-shaped plastic electrode, for example with a width of 15 to 30 cm. To save material, a large number of punched-outs 1 are made in the plastic electrode, which also deviate from the circular passage openings can have any other shape. These punched holes 1 offer advantages especially when using the plastic electrode for drying masonry, since the electrodes can then be held well on the masonry when the plaster is applied. In other applications, such a punching can be dispensed with, so that a full-surface plastic electrode is used.

Die Kunststoffelektrode besteht aus einem geeigneten leitenden Kunststoffmaterial. Eine der Strom- und Spannungsversorgung dienende Elektroleitung 3 ist im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel von der Kunststoffelektrode getrennt ausgebildet. In regelmäßigen Abständen sind über Widerstände 5 in Verbindungsleitungen 6 die Elektroleitung 3 mit dem leitenden Material der Kunststoffelektrode verbunden, die mit dem Bezugszeichen 7 versehen ist.The plastic electrode consists of a suitable conductive plastic material. In the exemplary embodiment shown, an electrical line 3 serving for the current and voltage supply is formed separately from the plastic electrode. At regular intervals, resistors 5 in connecting lines 6 connect the electrical line 3 to the conductive material of the plastic electrode, which is provided with the reference number 7.

Für die Elektroleitung 3 wird in der Regel ein Material mit geringem Widerstand verwandt, um hier nur einen geringen Leistungsabfall zu haben. Bevorzugt werden nichtmetallische Leiter verwandt, beispielsweise bestehend aus Karbon bzw. Kohle oder aus Verwendung dieser Materialien.A material with a low resistance is generally used for the electric line 3 in order to have only a slight drop in performance here. Non-metallic conductors are preferably used, for example consisting of carbon or coal or from the use of these materials.

Die möglichen Materialien für die elektrische Kunststoffelektrode 7 weisen in der Regel einen höheren Widerstandwert als die Elektroleitung 3 auf. Die Widerstände 5, über die die Kunststoffelektrode mit der Elektroleitung 3 elektrisch verbunden sind, sind so gewählt, daß deren Widerstand deutlich größer ist als der Widerstandswert der Elektroleitung 3 und auch größer ist als der Widerstandswert des Kunststoffmaterials der Kunststoffelektrode 7. Dadurch wirkt die Kunststoffelektrode gegenüber den Widerständen 5 und damit gegenüber der Elektroleitung 3 als Vorfluter, so daß über der gesamten Fläche der Kunststoffelektrode 7 der Strom und die Spannung optimal gleichmäßig verteilt werden. Dabei kann der Widerstandswert des Kunststoffmaterials der Kunststoffelektrode 7 durchaus Werte von vorzugsweise 0,5 kΩ/m bis 1 kΩ/m Länge der Elektroleitung aufweisen.The possible materials for the electrical plastic electrode 7 generally have a higher resistance value than the electrical line 3. The resistors 5, via which the plastic electrode is electrically connected to the electric line 3, are selected so that their resistance is significantly greater than the resistance value of the electric line 3 and also greater than the resistance value of the plastic material of the plastic electrode 7. As a result, the plastic electrode counteracts the resistors 5 and thus with respect to the electrical line 3 as the receiving water, so that over the entire Surface of the plastic electrode 7, the current and voltage can be optimally distributed evenly. The resistance value of the plastic material of the plastic electrode 7 may well have values of preferably 0.5 kΩ / m to 1 kΩ / m length of the electric line.

Nachfolgend wird auf die Figuren 2 und 3 Bezug genommen, die ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel zeigen. Diese Ausführungsform ist die der Strom- und Spannungsversorgung dienende Elektroleitung 3 integriert in der Kunststoffelektrode 7 in deren Mittellängsbereich angeordnet. Wie sich insbesondere aus der Querschnittsdarstellung gemäß Figur 3 ergibt (die Querschnittdarstellung ist unter Weglassung der Ausstanzungen 1 dargestellt), ist hier die Elektroleitung 3 mit einem Hüllenleiter umgeben, der von der Funktion her den Widerständen 5 entspricht. Mit anderen Worten ist die Elektroleitung 3 trotz der integrierten Anordnung nur über den, den Widerstand 5 darstellenden Hüllenleiter mit dem eigentlichen Material der Kunststoffelektrode 7 verbunden. Da auch hier der Widerstandswert des Hüllenleiters 5 deutlich über dem Widerstandswert der Kunststoffelektrode 7 bzw. der Elektroleitung 3 liegt. werden die bevorzugten und überraschenden Eigenschaften der Kunststoffelektrode erzielt. Um einen ausreichenden Querschnitt für die Elektroleitung 3 zu gewährleisten, kann diese wie im Ausführungsbeispiel gezeigt, nicht nur einen fadenförmigen, sondern auch einen bandförmigen Querschnitt aufweisen.In the following, reference is made to FIGS. 2 and 3, which show a preferred exemplary embodiment. In this embodiment, the electrical line 3 serving for the current and voltage supply is arranged integrated in the plastic electrode 7 in the central longitudinal region thereof. As can be seen in particular from the cross-sectional view according to FIG. 3 (the cross-sectional view is shown with the cutouts 1 omitted), the electric line 3 is surrounded here with a sheathed conductor which corresponds in function to the resistors 5. In other words, despite the integrated arrangement, the electrical line 3 is only connected to the actual material of the plastic electrode 7 via the sheathed conductor representing the resistor 5. Since here too the resistance value of the sheathed conductor 5 is clearly above the resistance value of the plastic electrode 7 or the electric line 3. the preferred and surprising properties of the plastic electrode are achieved. In order to ensure a sufficient cross-section for the electric line 3, this can have not only a thread-like, but also a band-shaped cross-section, as shown in the exemplary embodiment.

Zur Erzielung einer möglichst großen Oberfläche kann die Kunststoffelektrode 7 zudem profiliert sein. Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist sie im Querschnitt zickzackförmig gebildet, wodurch sich die Oberfläche gegenüber einer ebenen bandförmigen Elektrode mit gleichen Außenabmessungen um 41% erhöht. Diese Erhöhung der Stromübergangsfläche schlägt sich positiv beim Einsatz der Elektrode nieder. Zudem wird neben den Ausstanzungen 1 auch noch durch diese Profilierung die Haftfähigkeit einer derartigen Elektrode insbesondere bei Verwendung zur Trocknung von Mauerwerken verbessert, da der Mörtel 9 ander Elektrode besser angreifen kann und auch bei Temperaturschwankungen die Haftfähigkeit langfristig aufrecht erhält. Dazu ist bevorzugt die Riffelung, 11 in Längsrichtung der Elektrode eingebracht.In order to achieve the largest possible surface, the plastic electrode 7 can also be profiled. In the exemplary embodiment shown, it is formed in a zigzag cross-section, which increases the surface area by 41% compared to a flat band-shaped electrode with the same external dimensions. This increase in the current transfer area beats is positive when using the electrode. In addition to the punched holes 1, this profiling also improves the adhesiveness of such an electrode, particularly when used for drying masonry, since the mortar 9 can better attack the electrode and maintains the adhesiveness in the long term even when the temperature fluctuates. For this purpose, the corrugation 11 is preferably introduced in the longitudinal direction of the electrode.

Wie aus dem Beispiel auch ersichtlich ist, kann die Kunststoffelektrode insbesondere im Bereich der Elektroleitung 3 auch mit einer zur sonstigen Dicke unterschiedlichen Dicke ausgebildet sein. Beispielsweise kann die Dicke der Kunststoffelektrode 0,05 bis 2 mm, vorzugsweise beispielsweise 1 mm aufweisen. Im Bereich der Stromzuführungsleitung 3 kann die Dicke ohne weiteres auch das 2- bis 5fache der ansonsten üblichen Dicke betragen, beispielsweise 3 bis 4 mm.As can also be seen from the example, the plastic electrode, in particular in the area of the electric line 3, can also be designed with a thickness that is different from the other thickness. For example, the thickness of the plastic electrode can be 0.05 to 2 mm, preferably 1 mm, for example. In the area of the power supply line 3, the thickness can easily be 2 to 5 times the otherwise customary thickness, for example 3 to 4 mm.

Durch die unterschiedliche Dickenwahl kann in bestimmten Bereichen auch der Widerstand und damit ein gewünschter Potentialverlauf erzeugt werden. Dabei könnte beispielsweise die Dicke im Abstand von der Elektroleitung 3 leicht zunehmen.Due to the different thickness selection, the resistance and thus a desired potential profile can also be generated in certain areas. For example, the thickness at the distance from the electrical line 3 could increase slightly.

Als Material für die Kunststoffelektrode wird bevorzugt Kunststoffmaterial verwandt, das extrudier- und/oder kalandrierfähig ist. In diesem Falle kann die Elektroleitung 3 in einem Extrudiervorgang mit dem thermoplastischen Material gemeinsam zur Kunststoffelektrode verarbeitet werden. Die gewünschte Querschnittsform bei der Kunststoffelektrode kann durch Kalandrieren ebenfalls erzeugt werden.Plastic material which can be extruded and / or calendered is preferably used as the material for the plastic electrode. In this case, the electrical line 3 can be processed together with the thermoplastic material to form the plastic electrode in an extrusion process. The desired cross-sectional shape in the plastic electrode can also be produced by calendering.

Die Ausführungsbeispiele gemäß den Figuren 4 bis 7 sollen nur schematisch zeigen, daß auch mehrere Elektroleitungen 3 mit den entsprechenden, den erhöhten Widerstandswert darstellenden Hüllenleitern 5 vorgesehen sein können. Darüber hinaus können die elektrischen Leitungen 3 mit dem sie umgebenden Widerstands-Hüllenleiter auch von einer Geraden abweichend verlegt sein.The exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 4 to 7 are intended show only schematically that several electrical lines 3 with the corresponding sheathed conductors 5 representing the increased resistance value can also be provided. In addition, the electrical lines 3 with the surrounding sheathed conductor can also be laid deviating from a straight line.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 5 sind die beiden Stromzuführungsleitungen 3 zickzackförmig nebeneinander liegend angeordnet. Dies kann in dem einen oder anderen Fall zu verbesserten Ergebnissen führen.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5, the two power supply lines 3 are arranged lying next to one another in a zigzag shape. In one case or another, this can lead to improved results.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 6 sind die beiden Elektroleitungen 3 kreuzweise überschneidend angeordnet. Ebenso können noch weitere kreuzförmig bzw. netzförmig sich überschneidende Elektroleitungen 3 in der Kunststoffmasse vorgesehen sein.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 6, the two electrical lines 3 are arranged so as to cross each other. Likewise, further cross-shaped or net-like overlapping electrical lines 3 can be provided in the plastic compound.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 7 sind die Vielzahl quer zur Längsrichtung der bandförmigen Elektrode verlaufenden Elektroleitungen 3 im Inneren des Kunststoffmaterials ausgebildet, die bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils mit am Außenrand in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Elektroleitung 3 fest verbunden sind. Eine in Längsrichtung verlaufende Elektroleitung 3 als Stammleitung genügt allerdings. Natürlich sind alle Elektroleitungen 3 mit der erwähnten den höheren Widerstandswert aufweisenden Hüllenleitung 5 ummantelt. Die Hüllenleiter 5 mit höherem Widerstand sind in den Fig. 5 bis 7 nicht dargestellt. Obgleich für die Elektroleitung 3 auch metallische Leiter grundsätzlich oder zumindest rein theoretisch in Frage kommen, so werden zur Vermeidung von Passivierungseffekten grundsätzlich Elektroleitungen 3 aus nichtmetallischen Materialien bevorzugt. In Frage kommen beispielsweise Leiter, die unter Verwendung von Karbon bzw. Kohle hergestellt sind.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7, the multiplicity of electrical lines 3 running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the band-shaped electrode are formed in the interior of the plastic material, which in this exemplary embodiment are each firmly connected to the electrical line 3 running in the longitudinal direction on the outer edge. However, an electrical line 3 running in the longitudinal direction as the main line is sufficient. Of course, all electric lines 3 are sheathed with the above-mentioned sheath line 5 having the higher resistance value. The sheathed conductors 5 with higher resistance are not shown in FIGS. 5 to 7. Although metallic conductors are also fundamentally or at least purely theoretically possible for the electrical conductor 3, electrical conductors 3 made of non-metallic materials are preferred in order to avoid passivation effects. For example, leaders are considered which are manufactured using carbon or coal.

Als Kunststoffmaterial können unterschiedlich leitende Materialien verwandt werden. Sie sollten bevorzugt extrusions-und/oder kalandrierfähig sein. In der Praxis hat sich ein Kunststoff-Elektrodenmaterial als günstig erwiesen, das aus zwei Komponenten A und B besteht, wobei A ein thermoplastischer makromolekularer Werkstoff ist, und B entweder eine Mischung aus

  • a) einem die elektrische Leitfähigkeit vermittelnden nichtmetallischen Stoff und
  • b) einem Zusatz, der durch Oxydation oder Reduktion ein stabiles elektrochemisches Potential aufbauen kann,

oder einem nichtmetallischen Stoff sein kann, der Leitfähigkeit und Fähigkeit zum Aufbau eines elektrochemischen Potentials zugleich zur Verfügung stellt. Soweit wird auf den Offenbarungsgehalt der Patentanmeldung P 3610388 im vollen Umfange Bezug genommen.Different conductive materials can be used as the plastic material. They should preferably be capable of extrusion and / or calendering. In practice, a plastic electrode material has been found to be favorable which consists of two components A and B, where A is a thermoplastic macromolecular material and B is either a mixture of
  • a) a non-metallic substance imparting electrical conductivity and
  • b) an additive which can build up a stable electrochemical potential through oxidation or reduction,

or can be a non-metallic substance that simultaneously provides conductivity and the ability to build up an electrochemical potential. To the extent that reference is made in full to the disclosure content of patent application P 3610388.

Die Widerstände bzw. vor allem der, die eigentliche Elektroleitung 3 umgebende Hüllenleiter 5 kann ebenfalls aus Materialien bestehen, die den gewünschten höheren Widerstandswert aufweisen. Bevorzugt wird aber ein Material oder eine Gruppe von Materialien, die aus einer nichtmetallischen bzw. überwiegend nichtmetallischen Zusammensetzung gebildet sind. Möglich ist ein Kunststoffmaterial, das vom Prinzip her und vom Grundaufbau identisch ist zu dem Material der eigentlichen leitenden Kunststoffelektrode, bei dem jedoch die Dichte, die Dicke und/oder das Mischungsverhältnis und/oder die Beimischung so geändert sind, daß sich die Widerstandswerte gegenüber dem eigentlichen Kunststoffmaterial der Kunststoffelektrode 7 deutlich erhöhen.The resistors or, above all, the sheathed conductor 5 surrounding the actual electric line 3 can likewise consist of materials which have the desired higher resistance value. However, a material or a group of materials which are formed from a non-metallic or predominantly non-metallic composition is preferred. A plastic material is possible which is identical in principle and in its basic structure to the material of the actual conductive plastic electrode, but in which the density, the thickness and / or the mixing ratio and / or the admixture are changed in such a way that the resistance values compared to the increase the actual plastic material of the plastic electrode 7 significantly.

Claims (19)

1. Plastic electrode, consisting of conducting plastic having an electrical lead to the current and voltage supply, characterised in that the electrical lead (3), which has a lower resistance value than the conducting plastic material of the plastic electrode (7), is conductively connected to the material of the plastic electrode (7) with the insertion of a resistance connection (5), the resistance of the resistance connection being greater than the resistance of the electrical lead (3) and also greater than the resistance of the plastic material of the plastic electrode (7).
2. Plastic electrode according to Claim 1, characterised in that the electrical lead (3) is kept separate from the actual plastic electrode (7), the resistance connection between the electrical lead (3) and the plastic material of the plastic electrode (7) consisting of a plurality of connecting leads (6) which are disposed at an interval and contain resistors and which branch off from the electrical lead (3) and lead to the material of the plastic electrode (7).
3. Plastic electrode according to Claim 1, characterised in that the at least one electrical lead (3) is disposed so as to be integrated in the plastic electrode (7) and is surrounded by a sheath-type conductor which forms the resistance connection (5) and with which it is in electrical contact, the sheath-type conductor being surrounded by the plastic material of the plastic electrode (7) at least in a fractional circumferential region.
4. Plastic electrode according to Claim 1 or 3, characterised in that the sheath-type conductor which produces the resistance connection between the electrical lead (3) and the material of the plastic electrode (7) is constructed at discrete intervals in a two-dimensional manner as resistance connection (5) on the electrical lead (3), and in that the electrical conductor (3) is insulated from the plastic material of the plastic electrode (7) in the remaining circumferential region.
5. Plastic electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the electrical lead (3) has a strip-type structure.
6. Plastic electrode according to one of Claim 1 to 5, characterised in that the material thickness of the plastic electrode (7) is different in cross-section from the electrical lead (3) or from the longitudinal extension of the plastic electrode (7).
7. Plastic electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the thickness or height of the plastic electrode is greater at least in the region of the electrical lead (3) than in other regions of the plastic electrode (7).
8. Plastic electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the thickness of the plastic electrode (7) is profiled.
9. Plastic electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the plastic electrode is provided with grooves (11) to achieve an increase in surface and, consequently, current transfer area.
10. Plastic electrode according to Claim 9, characterised in that the groovings (11) are directed in the longitudinal direction of the electrode.
11. Plastic electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the plastic electrode has a strip-type or sheet-type form.
12. Plastic electrode according to Claim 11, characterised in that a multiplicity of cutouts (1) is provided in it.
13. Plastic electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterised in that one or more electrical leads (3) are provided in the material of the plastic electrode in the longitudinal, transverse and/or diagonal direction or in crosswise, meandering or undulating fashion, the electrical lead (3) being surrounded in each case after the fashion or a sheath-type conductor by a resistance connection (5) having a higher resistance.
14. Plastic electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the resistance, whose resistance connection (5) is preferably constructed in the form of a sheath-type conductor, is greater or equal to at least 1 kΩ/m of the length of the electrical lead, preferably 2 kΩ/m.
15. Plastic electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the resistance of the electrical lead (3) is less than 0.3 to 0.5 Ω/m of the length of the electrical lead.
16. Plastic electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the resistance of the plastic material of the plastic electrode (7) is approximately 0.5 to 1 kΩ/m of the length of the electrical lead.
17. Plastic electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 16, characterised in that charcoal or carbon fibres are provided as electrical conductor in the interior of the sheath-type conductor producing the resistance connection (5).
18. Plastic electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 17, characterised in that the difference in the resistances between the resistance connection (sheath-type conductor 5) with respect to the conducting plastic material of the electrode is 0.5 to 1.5 kΩ/m, preferably 0.8 to 1.2 kΩ/m, for instance around 1 kΩ/m of the length of the electrical lead.
19. Plastic electrode according to one of Claims 1 to 18, characterised in that the material of the sheath-type conductor for the resistance connection (5) essentially corresponds to the conducting plastic material of the plastic electrode (7) but differs therefrom by a different density, thickness, a different mixing ratio and/or different additives, in such a way that the sheath-type conductor has a higher resistance value than the plastic material of the plastic electrode (7).
EP88909761A 1987-10-28 1988-10-28 Plastic electrode Expired - Lifetime EP0386077B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88909761T ATE67261T1 (en) 1987-10-28 1988-10-28 PLASTIC ELECTRODE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3736576 1987-10-28
DE19873736576 DE3736576A1 (en) 1987-10-28 1987-10-28 PLASTIC ELECTRODE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0386077A1 EP0386077A1 (en) 1990-09-12
EP0386077B1 true EP0386077B1 (en) 1991-09-11

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88909761A Expired - Lifetime EP0386077B1 (en) 1987-10-28 1988-10-28 Plastic electrode

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EP (1) EP0386077B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE67261T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3736576A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1989003918A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SG76511A1 (en) * 1997-04-10 2000-11-21 Raswill Representative Pte Ltd A vertical drain
DE102006005529B4 (en) * 2006-02-07 2016-02-11 Röchling Automotive AG & Co. KG Plastic container with at least one electrode made of electrically conductive plastic

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3385780A (en) * 1964-07-10 1968-05-28 Exxon Research Engineering Co Porous dual structure electrode
DE2503670C2 (en) * 1975-01-29 1982-06-16 Hans-Werner 8025 Unterhaching Tenge Process for accelerating or preventing and reversing the natural movement of liquids in solids with a porous and / or semi-permeable structure and electrodes for carrying out the process
AT375709B (en) * 1982-08-16 1984-09-10 Oppitz Hans METHOD FOR THE ELECTROOSMOTIC DRYING OF MASONRY OD. DGL.
WO1987000559A1 (en) * 1985-07-15 1987-01-29 Terry Roy Jackson Electrode construction

Also Published As

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DE3736576C2 (en) 1989-11-16
EP0386077A1 (en) 1990-09-12
ATE67261T1 (en) 1991-09-15
DE3864833D1 (en) 1991-10-17
WO1989003918A1 (en) 1989-05-05
DE3736576A1 (en) 1989-05-11

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