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EP0380910A2 - Method and apparatus for horizontal drilling - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for horizontal drilling Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0380910A2
EP0380910A2 EP90100112A EP90100112A EP0380910A2 EP 0380910 A2 EP0380910 A2 EP 0380910A2 EP 90100112 A EP90100112 A EP 90100112A EP 90100112 A EP90100112 A EP 90100112A EP 0380910 A2 EP0380910 A2 EP 0380910A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drilling tool
directional drilling
casing tube
casing
drilling device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90100112A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0380910B1 (en
EP0380910A3 (en
Inventor
Rolf Dipl.-Ing. Panzke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MICON Mining and Construction Products GmbH and Co KG
Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations LLC
Original Assignee
Eastman Christensen Co
Eastman Teleco Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Christensen Co, Eastman Teleco Co filed Critical Eastman Christensen Co
Publication of EP0380910A2 publication Critical patent/EP0380910A2/en
Publication of EP0380910A3 publication Critical patent/EP0380910A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0380910B1 publication Critical patent/EP0380910B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/068—Deflecting the direction of boreholes drilled by a down-hole drilling motor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
    • E21B7/208—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes using down-hole drives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a drilling device for producing a circumferentially stiffened, predominantly horizontally oriented borehole in soil formations according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 6.
  • the borehole is driven over a length section by means of a directional drilling tool connected to a drill pipe string. Then a casing pipe is fed along the drill pipe string and the hole drilled by the rotary drill bit of the directional drilling tool is drilled over. As soon as the front end of the casing pipe has found a connection to the directional drilling tool, a subsequent longitudinal section of the borehole is now pre-drilled by means of the directional drilling tool and then brought back to the casing pipe.
  • both the drill pipe string with directional drilling tool and the casing string alternately advance along a predetermined line intended as a borehole axis.
  • Such a method with intermittent tracking of the casing pipe requires a considerable amount of drilling due to over-drilling and produces boreholes with a diameter that significantly exceeds the nominal diameter of the rotary drill bit.
  • the accuracy of the borehole course also leaves something to be desired, a directional drilling tool with an unstabilized, bent housing, which houses the deep hole motor and is supported directly on the borehole wall, is used.
  • the direction specification is quite imprecise, and direction corrections are frequently required in order to make the course of the borehole approximately follow the desired line.
  • the removal of cuttings with increasing distance from the rotary drill bit to the front end of the casing tube encounters increasing difficulties, which are aggravated in soft formations as well as in formations with a large amount of groundwater.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and a drilling device of the type mentioned, through which stiffened boreholes with a smaller diameter and a more precise course can be created with reduced workload and associated costs.
  • the method according to the invention achieves this object with the features of claim 1.
  • the drilling device according to the invention achieves the object with the features of claim 6.
  • the rotary drill bit alone determines the borehole diameter.
  • the casing tube immediately following the rotary drill bit within the contour of the rotary drill bit in the rotary drill bit also forms a wall surface on which the outer housing of the directional drilling tool can be supported precisely.
  • the directional drilling tool is completely removed from formation loads except for its rotary drill bit and the drill pipe string.
  • the directional drilling tool and its drill pipe string as well as the casing pipe form a unit that simultaneously moves through the formation, in which the directional drilling tool steers the front end of the casing tube, which in turn forms a precise guide for the directional drilling tool and encapsulates it down to its rotary drill bit.
  • the jacket pipe forms a continuous guide surface on the outside for the removal of cuttings.
  • the drill is structurally extremely simple and enables the creation of boreholes of an extraordinarily precise course, since the directional drilling tool is no longer supported on a borehole wall which may be flexible or which changes due to leaching.
  • a navigation drilling tool can be used with particular advantage as a directional drilling tool, which provides additional accuracy advantages due to the guidance of its outer housing via stabilizers.
  • the drilling device comprises in particular a directional drilling tool 1, designed as a navigation drilling tool in the illustrated embodiment, with a tubular outer housing 2, in which a deep hole motor 3, not illustrated in more detail, is preferably accommodated in the form of a turbine which can be driven by the drilling fluid or a Moineau motor which can be driven by the drilling fluid .
  • the deep hole motor 3 drives a chisel shaft 4 emerging from the front end of the outer housing 2, which is mounted in the front part of the outer housing 2 located at the level of a front stabilizer 5 and with its axis at an angle 6 to the central axis 7 of the rear main part of the outer housing 2 of the directional drilling tool 1 is aligned.
  • the rear main part of the outer housing 2 is provided with a rear stabilizer 8, and the stabilizers 5, 8 formed by stabilizer wings or ribs support the outer housing 2 of the directional drilling tool 1 on the inside of a casing tube 9.
  • the outer housing 2 of the directional drilling tool 1 is connected to a drill pipe string 11 by means of a transition piece 10, which at its above-ground end, which is not shown, can be driven by drive and feed means, also not shown, and can be set in its own rotation and can be supported in a non-rotatable manner in aligned positions.
  • Suitable types of drive and feed means are known to the person skilled in the art and do not require any further explanation here.
  • the front end of the casing tube is designed as a part 12 which can be displaced with respect to the main part of the casing tube 9 and which is in guide engagement with a guide part 13 of a rotary drill bit 14 in the region of its front edge.
  • This guide part 13 of the rotary drill bit 14 is formed by a cylindrical sealing and guide surface on which the front edge region of the front end 12 of the casing tube 9 is preferably mounted with a seal.
  • the rotary drill bit 14 is fixed on the front end of the chisel shaft 4 by means of a coupling 15, which comprises notchable locking members, not shown, and can be temporarily uncoupled from the chisel shaft.
  • the rotary drill bit 14 or its cutting part 16 has a nominal diameter 17 which is the same or slightly larger than the outer diameter of the tubular casing 9.
  • the front end 12 of the casing tube 9, which is designed as a separately displaceable part, is connected via a pipe joint to the adjoining main part of the casing tube 9, which in the exemplary embodiment shown and is preferably designed as a cut joint 18.
  • the separating cut joint is sealed by an outer circumferential seal 19.
  • the pipe joint can also be formed by a flexible transition area of the casing tube 9, and the flexible transition area can in turn be a corrugated pipe section, a section made of a material with increased bending elasticity or also a section of the casing pipe 9 with an opposite one Areas of the casing tube 9 reduced section modulus.
  • the angle 6 between the axis of the chisel shaft 4 and the central axis 7 of the outer tube 2 of the directional drilling tool 1 is formed by kinking the front part of the outer housing 2 located in the region of the front stabilizer 5, the kink 20 of the outer housing 2 being opposite to the drilling direction the stabilizer 5 and at the same time is arranged in or near the joint plane of the tubular joint 18 of the tubular casing 8.
  • the kink angle corresponding to the angle 6 in the example shown lies in an imaginary plane running perpendicular to the plane of the drawing through the central axis 7 of the casing tube 9.
  • the front end 12 of the casing tube 9 can with relative rotary movements between the front parts 5, 13 of the directional drilling tool 1 and the Jacket tube 9 follow the movements of the front part of directional drilling tool 1 and how this describes with its axis the surface line of a circular cone, the tip of which coincides with the kink 20 of the outer housing 2 of directional drilling tool 1.
  • part of the drilling fluid can be supplied via a volume flow-dependent bypass valve 24 provided in the outer housing 2 downstream of the downhole motor 3 are derived in the annular space 25 between the outer housing 2 and the casing tube 9, so that only a correspondingly reduced part of the drilling fluid delivered per unit of time passes the rotary drill bit 14 and passes into the borehole.
  • the directional drilling tool 1 and the casing tube 9 are rotated, the direction of rotation of the casing tube 9 and the directional drilling tool 1 being the same, but preferably being opposite.
  • the slow self-rotation of the directional drilling tool 1 ensures the straight-ahead drilling process despite the kinking of the outer housing 2, an additional broaching effect being created by the eccentricity 23.
  • the rotary movement of the casing tube 9, serves to reduce the resistance to the advancing movement of the casing tube 9 in the formation. Accordingly, the rotational speed of the rotary movement of the casing tube 9 can easily deviate from that of the directional drilling tool 1 and can be determined from the point of view of minimizing resistance.
  • the directional drilling tool 1 is stopped by the drive and feed means and the drill pipe string in an orientation of the outer housing 2 which corresponds to the further directional course of the borehole.
  • the respective position of the rotary drill bit 14 or the directional drilling tool 1 in the borehole can be determined continuously or at intervals by suitable sensors, so that the desired course of the borehole can be precisely specified by alternately stopping or rotating the directional drilling tool 1.
  • the coupling 15 between the chisel shaft 4 and the rotary drill bit 14 enables the directional drilling tool 1 to be moved out of the borehole with the casing tube 9 remaining therein, e.g. for inspection and maintenance purposes.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

The method for producing a drilled hole, reinforced at the periphery and mainly orientated horizontally, in soil formations, in which method the drilled hole is advanced by means of a directional drilling tool and the latter is followed by a casing, provides for the casing to be advanced simultaneously and uniformly with the directional drilling tool and for the front end of the casing to be orientated by the front part of the directional drilling tool in the process. The apparatus provided for carrying out the method comprises a directional drilling tool (1), which can be connected to a drill-pipe string (11) which can be advanced at the surface by drive and feed means, can be set in autorotation and can be supported in the orientated position so as to be fixed in terms of rotation, and has a deep-hole motor (3) arranged in a tubular outer housing and intended for the drive of a rotary drilling bit (14), and a casing (9) which can be made to follow the directional drilling tool by drive and feed means at the surface. In this arrangement, the drive and feed means impart a synchronous feed movement to the directional drilling tool (1) and the casing (9), and the directional drilling tool (1) is arranged and supported in the casing (9) and orientates with its front part the front end (12) of the casing (9).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren sowie ein Bohrgerät zum Erstellen eines am Umfang ausgesteiften, überwiegend horizontal ausgerichteten Bohrlochs in Boden­formationen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bzw. des Anspruchs 6.The invention relates to a method and a drilling device for producing a circumferentially stiffened, predominantly horizontally oriented borehole in soil formations according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 6.

Bei einem bekannten Verfahren dieser Art (Zeitschrift "Erdöl, Erdgas, Kohle", 103. Jahrgang, Heft 12, S. 531-534) wird das Bohrloch mittels eines an einen Bohrrohrstrang angeschlossenen Richtbohrwerkzeugs über einen Längenab­schnitt vorgetrieben. Danach wird entland dem Bohrrohrstrang ein Mantelrohr nachgeführt und dabei das vom Drehbohrmeißel des Richtbohrwerkzeugs gebohrte Bohrloch überbohrt. Sobald das vordere Ende des Mantelrohrs Anschluß an das Richtbohr­werkzeug gefunden hat, wird nun mittels des Richtbohrwerk­zeugs ein anschließender Längeabschnitt des Bohrlochs vorgebohrt und dann wieder des Mantelrohr nachgeführt. Auf diese Weise schieben sich sowohl der Bohrrohrstrang mit Richtbohrwerkzeug als auch das Mantelgestänge abwechselnd entlang einer als Bohrlochachse gedachten, vorbestimmten Linie vor. Ein derartiges Verfahren mit intervallweisem Nachführen des Mantelrohrs erfordert durch das Überbohren einen erheblichen Bohraufwand und erzeugt Bohrlöcher mit einem den Nennendurchmessers des Drehbohr­meißels erheblich übersteigenden Durchmesser. Auch läßt die Genauigkeit des Bohrlochverlaufs zu wünschen übrig, da ein Richtbohrwerkzeug mit einem unstabilisierten, den Tieflochmotor aufnehmenden, abgewinkelten Außengehäuse (bent housing), das sich direkt an der Bohrlochwand ab­stützt, Anwendung findet. Insbesondere in weichen Forma­tionen, z.B. sandigen Böden, ist die Richtungsvorgabe recht unpräzise, und es bedarf häufiger Richtungskorrekturen, um den Verlauf des Bohrloches annähernd der gewünschten vorgegebenen Linie folgen zu lassen. Ferner stößt die Abfuhr von Bohrklein mit wachsendem Abstand des Drehbohrmeißels zum vorderen Ende des Mantelrohrs auf zunehmende Schwierig­keiten, die sich in weichen Formationen sowie in Formationen mit starkem Grundwasseraufkommen verstärken.In a known method of this type (magazine "Erdöl, Erdgas, Kohlen", 103rd year, issue 12, pp. 531-534), the borehole is driven over a length section by means of a directional drilling tool connected to a drill pipe string. Then a casing pipe is fed along the drill pipe string and the hole drilled by the rotary drill bit of the directional drilling tool is drilled over. As soon as the front end of the casing pipe has found a connection to the directional drilling tool, a subsequent longitudinal section of the borehole is now pre-drilled by means of the directional drilling tool and then brought back to the casing pipe. In this way, both the drill pipe string with directional drilling tool and the casing string alternately advance along a predetermined line intended as a borehole axis. Such a method with intermittent tracking of the casing pipe requires a considerable amount of drilling due to over-drilling and produces boreholes with a diameter that significantly exceeds the nominal diameter of the rotary drill bit. The accuracy of the borehole course also leaves something to be desired, a directional drilling tool with an unstabilized, bent housing, which houses the deep hole motor and is supported directly on the borehole wall, is used. In particular in soft formations, for example sandy soils, the direction specification is quite imprecise, and direction corrections are frequently required in order to make the course of the borehole approximately follow the desired line. Furthermore, the removal of cuttings with increasing distance from the rotary drill bit to the front end of the casing tube encounters increasing difficulties, which are aggravated in soft formations as well as in formations with a large amount of groundwater.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren sowie ein Bohrgerät der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, durch die bei verringertem Arbeitsaufwand und damit einher­gehenden Kosten ausgesteifte Bohrlöcher mit geringerem Durchmesser und präziserem Verlauf erstellt werden können.The invention has for its object to provide a method and a drilling device of the type mentioned, through which stiffened boreholes with a smaller diameter and a more precise course can be created with reduced workload and associated costs.

Das Verfahren nach der Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Hinsichtlich weiterer Ausge­staltungen des Verfahrens wird auf die Ansprüche 2 bis 5 verwiesen. Das Bohrgerät nach der Erfindung löst die Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 6. Hinsichtlich wesentlicher weiterer Ausgestaltungen des Bohrgerätes wird auf die Ansprüche 7 bis 20 verweisen.The method according to the invention achieves this object with the features of claim 1. With regard to further refinements of the method, reference is made to claims 2 to 5. The drilling device according to the invention achieves the object with the features of claim 6. With regard to further essential configurations of the drilling device, reference is made to claims 7 to 20.

Bei dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung bestimmt allein der Drehbohrmeißel den Bohrlochdurchmesser. Das im vom Drehbohr­meißel gebohrte Bohrloch dem Drehbohrmeißel innerhalb dessen Kontur unmittelbar nachfolgende Mantelrohr bildet ferner eine Wandfläche, auf der sich das Außengehäuse des Richt­bohrwerkzeugs präzise abstützen kann. Dabei sind das Richt­bohrwerkzeug bis auf seinen Drehbohrmeißel und der Bohrrohr­strang Formationsbelastungen vollständig entzogen sind.In the method according to the invention, the rotary drill bit alone determines the borehole diameter. The casing tube immediately following the rotary drill bit within the contour of the rotary drill bit in the rotary drill bit also forms a wall surface on which the outer housing of the directional drilling tool can be supported precisely. The directional drilling tool is completely removed from formation loads except for its rotary drill bit and the drill pipe string.

Das Richtbohrwerkzeug und sein Bohrrohrstrang sowie das Mantelrohr bilden eine sich zugleich durch die Formation hindurch bewegende Einheit, bei der das Richtbohrwerkzeug das vordere Ende des Mantelrohrs lenkt, das seinerseits eine präzise Führung für das Richtbohrwerkzeug bildet und dieses bis auf seinen Drehbohrmeißel kapselt. Für die Ab­förderung von Bohrklein bildet dabei das Mantelrohr an seiner Außenseite eine durchgehende Führungsfläche. Das Bohrgerät ist dabei baulich außerordentlich einfach und ermöglicht das Erstellen von Bohrlöchern eines außerordent­lich präzisen Verlaufs, da sich das Richtbohrwerkzeug am nicht länger an einer gegebenenfalls nachgiebigen oder sich durch Auswaschungen verändernden Bohrlochwand abstützt. Mit besonderem Vorteil kann ein Navigationsbohrwerkzeug als Richtbohrwerkzeug eingesetzt werden, das aufgrund der Führung seines Außengehäuses über Stabilisatoren zusätzliche Genauigkeitsvorteile erbringt.The directional drilling tool and its drill pipe string as well as the casing pipe form a unit that simultaneously moves through the formation, in which the directional drilling tool steers the front end of the casing tube, which in turn forms a precise guide for the directional drilling tool and encapsulates it down to its rotary drill bit. The jacket pipe forms a continuous guide surface on the outside for the removal of cuttings. The drill is structurally extremely simple and enables the creation of boreholes of an extraordinarily precise course, since the directional drilling tool is no longer supported on a borehole wall which may be flexible or which changes due to leaching. A navigation drilling tool can be used with particular advantage as a directional drilling tool, which provides additional accuracy advantages due to the guidance of its outer housing via stabilizers.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und der Zeichnung, die in einer schematischen, abgebrochenen, teilweise geschnittenen Seitenansicht den vorderen Endbereich des Bohrgerätes nach der Erfindung näher veranschaulicht.Further details and advantages result from the following description and the drawing, which illustrates the front end region of the drilling device according to the invention in more detail in a schematic, broken, partially sectioned side view.

Das erfindungsgemäße Bohrgerät umfaßt im einzelnen ein bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als Navigations­bohrwerkzeug ausgebildetes Richtbohrwerkzeug 1 mit einem rohrförmigen Außengehäuse 2, in dem ein nicht näher veran­schaulichter Tieflochmotor 3 vorzugsweise in Gestalt einer von der Bohrspülung antriebbaren Turbine oder eines von der Bohrspülung antreibbaren Moineau-Motors untergebracht ist. Der Tieflochmotor 3 treibt eine aus dem vorderen Ende des Außengehäuses 2 austretende Meißelwelle 4 an, die im vorderen, in Höhe eines vorderen Stabilisators 5 befind­lichen Teil des Außengehäuses 2 gelagert ist und mit ihrer Achse unter einem Winkel 6 zur Mittelachse 7 des rückwärti­gen Hauptteils des Außengehäuses 2 des Richtbohrwerkzeugs 1 ausgerichtet ist.The drilling device according to the invention comprises in particular a directional drilling tool 1, designed as a navigation drilling tool in the illustrated embodiment, with a tubular outer housing 2, in which a deep hole motor 3, not illustrated in more detail, is preferably accommodated in the form of a turbine which can be driven by the drilling fluid or a Moineau motor which can be driven by the drilling fluid . The deep hole motor 3 drives a chisel shaft 4 emerging from the front end of the outer housing 2, which is mounted in the front part of the outer housing 2 located at the level of a front stabilizer 5 and with its axis at an angle 6 to the central axis 7 of the rear main part of the outer housing 2 of the directional drilling tool 1 is aligned.

Das Außengehäuse 2 ist in seinem rückwärtigen Hauptteil mit einem rückwärtigen Stabilisator 8 versehen, und die von Stabilisatorflügeln oder -rippen gebildeten Stabilisa­toren 5,8 stützen das Außengehäuse 2 des Richtbohrwerkzeugs 1 an der Innenseite eines Mantelrohres 9 ab. An seinem rückwärtigen Ende ist mittels eines Übergangsstücks 10 das Außengehäuse 2 des Richtbohrwerkzeugs 1 mit einem Bohr­rohrstrang 11 verbunden, der an seinem nicht dargestellten obertägigen Ende durch ebenfalls nicht dargestellte An­triebs- und Vorschubmittel vortreibbar und in Eigendrehung versetzbar sowie in ausgerichteten Stellungen verdrehfest abstützbar ist. Antriebs- und Vorschubmittel geeigneter Art sind dem Fachmann bekannt und bedürfen hier keiner näheren Erläuterung.The rear main part of the outer housing 2 is provided with a rear stabilizer 8, and the stabilizers 5, 8 formed by stabilizer wings or ribs support the outer housing 2 of the directional drilling tool 1 on the inside of a casing tube 9. At its rear end, the outer housing 2 of the directional drilling tool 1 is connected to a drill pipe string 11 by means of a transition piece 10, which at its above-ground end, which is not shown, can be driven by drive and feed means, also not shown, and can be set in its own rotation and can be supported in a non-rotatable manner in aligned positions. Suitable types of drive and feed means are known to the person skilled in the art and do not require any further explanation here.

Das vordere Ende des Mantelrohrs ist als ein gegenüber dem Hauptteil des Mantelrohrs 9 verlagerbares Teil 12 aus­gebildet, das im Bereich seines vorderen Randes mit einem Führungsteil 13 eines Drehbohrmeißels 14 in Führungseingriff steht. Dieser Führungsteil 13 des Drehbohrmeißels 14 ist von einer zylindrischen Dichtungs- und Führungsfläche gebil­det, auf der der vordere Randbereich des vorderen Endes 12 des Mantelrohrs 9 vorzugsweise unter Abdichtung gelagert ist. Der Drehbohrmeißel 14 ist mittels einer Kupplung 15, die nicht näher dargestellte ausklinkbare Riegelglieder umfaßt, auf dem vorderen Ende der Meißelwelle 4 festgelegt und von der Meißelwelle vorübergehend abkuppelbar. Dabei hat der Drehbohrmeißel 14 bzw. dessen Schneidteil 16 einen Nenndurchmesser 17, der gleich oder geringfügig größer ist als der Außendurchmesser des Mantelrohrs 9.The front end of the casing tube is designed as a part 12 which can be displaced with respect to the main part of the casing tube 9 and which is in guide engagement with a guide part 13 of a rotary drill bit 14 in the region of its front edge. This guide part 13 of the rotary drill bit 14 is formed by a cylindrical sealing and guide surface on which the front edge region of the front end 12 of the casing tube 9 is preferably mounted with a seal. The rotary drill bit 14 is fixed on the front end of the chisel shaft 4 by means of a coupling 15, which comprises notchable locking members, not shown, and can be temporarily uncoupled from the chisel shaft. The rotary drill bit 14 or its cutting part 16 has a nominal diameter 17 which is the same or slightly larger than the outer diameter of the tubular casing 9.

Das als gesondert verlagerbares Teil ausgebildete vordere Ende 12 des Mantelrohrs 9 ist über ein Rohrgelenk mit dem sich anschließenden Hauptteil des Mantelrohres 9 verbunden, das bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel und bevorzugt als Trennschnitt-Gelenk 18 ausgebildet ist. Dabei ist das Trennschnitt-Gelenk durch eine außen umlaufende Dichtung 19 abgedichtet. Anstelle eines solchen Trennschnitt-Gelenkes 18 kann das Rohrgelenk auch von einem flexiblen Übergangsbe­reich des Mantelrohrs 9 gebildet sein, und der flexible Übergangsbereich kann seinerseits von einem Wellrohrab­schnitt, einem Abschnitt aus einem Material erhöhter Biege­elastizität oder auch von einem Abschnitt des Mantelrohrs 9 mit einem gegenüber benachbarten Bereiche des Mantelrohrs 9 herabgesetzten Widerstandsmoment gebildet sein.The front end 12 of the casing tube 9, which is designed as a separately displaceable part, is connected via a pipe joint to the adjoining main part of the casing tube 9, which in the exemplary embodiment shown and is preferably designed as a cut joint 18. The separating cut joint is sealed by an outer circumferential seal 19. Instead of such a separating cut joint 18, the pipe joint can also be formed by a flexible transition area of the casing tube 9, and the flexible transition area can in turn be a corrugated pipe section, a section made of a material with increased bending elasticity or also a section of the casing pipe 9 with an opposite one Areas of the casing tube 9 reduced section modulus.

Der Winkel 6 zwischen der Achse der Meißelwelle 4 und der Mittelachse 7 des Außenrohrs 2 des Richtbohrwerkzeugs 1 ist durch eine Abknickung des vorderen, im Bereich des vorderen Stabilisators 5 gelegenen Teils des Außengehäuses 2 gebildet, wobei die Knickstelle 20 des Außengehäuses 2 entgegen der Bohrrichtung hinter dem Stabilisator 5 und dabei zugleich in oder nahe der Gelenkebene des Rohrgelenks 18 des Mantelrohrs 8 angeordnet ist. Der Knickwinkel ent­sprechend dem Winkel 6 liegt bei dem dargestellten Beispiel in einer senkrecht zur Zeichenebene verlaufenden gedachten Ebene durch die Mittelachse 7 des Mantelrohrs 9. Dement­sprechend kann das vordere Ende 12 des Mantelrohrs 9 bei relativen Drehbewegungen zwischen vorderen Teilen 5,13 des Richtbohrwerkzeugs 1 und dem Mantelrohr 9 den Bewegungen des vorderen Teils des Richtbohrwerkzeugs 1 folgen und wie dieses mit seiner Achse die Mantellinie eines Kreiske­gels beschreiben, dessen Spitze mit der Knickstelle 20 des Außengehäuses 2 des Richtbohrwerkzeugs 1 zusammenfällt. Dies veranschaulicht die gestrichelte Umrißlinie 21 des vorderen Endes 12 des Mantelrohrs 9, und das Versatzmaß oder die Exzentrizität der Bewegung des Drehbohrmeißels 14 in dessen Schneidebene ist bei 23 angedeutet.The angle 6 between the axis of the chisel shaft 4 and the central axis 7 of the outer tube 2 of the directional drilling tool 1 is formed by kinking the front part of the outer housing 2 located in the region of the front stabilizer 5, the kink 20 of the outer housing 2 being opposite to the drilling direction the stabilizer 5 and at the same time is arranged in or near the joint plane of the tubular joint 18 of the tubular casing 8. The kink angle corresponding to the angle 6 in the example shown lies in an imaginary plane running perpendicular to the plane of the drawing through the central axis 7 of the casing tube 9. Accordingly, the front end 12 of the casing tube 9 can with relative rotary movements between the front parts 5, 13 of the directional drilling tool 1 and the Jacket tube 9 follow the movements of the front part of directional drilling tool 1 and how this describes with its axis the surface line of a circular cone, the tip of which coincides with the kink 20 of the outer housing 2 of directional drilling tool 1. This illustrates the dashed outline 21 of the front end 12 of the casing tube 9, and the offset or the eccentricity of the movement of the rotary drill bit 14 in its cutting plane is indicated at 23.

Um in weichen Formationen ein Auswaschen des Bohrlochs durch einen zu starken Bohrspülungsstrom, wie er für das Antreiben eines hydrualischen Tieflochmotors 3 notwendig ist, zu vermeiden, kann ein Teil der Bohrspülung über ein im Außengehäuse 2 stromab des Tieflochmotors 3 vorgesehenes, volumenstromabhängiges Bypass-Ventil 24 in den Ringraum 25 zwischen Außengehäuse 2 und Mantelrohr 9 abgeleitet werden, so daß nur ein entsprechend verringerter Teil der pro Zeiteinheit geförderten Bohrspülungsmenge den Drehbohr­meißel 14 passiert und in das Bohrloch übertritt.In order to prevent the borehole from being washed out in soft formations by an excessively strong drilling fluid flow, as is necessary for driving a hydraulic downhole motor 3, part of the drilling fluid can be supplied via a volume flow-dependent bypass valve 24 provided in the outer housing 2 downstream of the downhole motor 3 are derived in the annular space 25 between the outer housing 2 and the casing tube 9, so that only a correspondingly reduced part of the drilling fluid delivered per unit of time passes the rotary drill bit 14 and passes into the borehole.

Zum Erstellen der durch das Mantelrohr 9 am Umfang ausge­steiften, überwiegend horizontal ausgerichteten Bohrlochs, das ohne weiteres auch zumindest streckenweise unter einem namhaften Winkel abwärts und/oder aufwärts verlaufen kann, werden für ein Geradeausbohren das Richtbohrwerkzeug 1 und das Mantelrohr 9 in Umdrehung versetzt, wobei die Dreh­richtung von Mantelrohr 9 und Richtbohrwerkzeug 1 gleich sein kann, bevorzugt aber entgegengesetzt ist. Die langsame Eigenumdrehung des Richtbohrwerkzeugs 1 stellt trotz der Abknickung des Außengehäuses 2 den Geradeausbohrvorgang sicher, wobei durch die Exzentrizität 23 ein zusätzlicher Räumeffekt entsteht. Die Drehbewegung des Mantelrohrs 9 dient hingegen dazu, den Widerstand der Vortriebsbewegung des Mantelrohrs 9 in der Formation herabzusetzen. Dement­sprechend kann die Drehzahl der Drehbewegung des Mantel­rohres 9 ohne weiteres von der des Richtbohrwerkzeugs 1 abweichen und unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Widerstandsmini­mierung festgelegt werden.To create the predominantly horizontally oriented borehole which is stiffened by the jacket tube 9 on the circumference and which can also run downward and / or upward at least in sections at a known angle. For straight drilling, the directional drilling tool 1 and the casing tube 9 are rotated, the direction of rotation of the casing tube 9 and the directional drilling tool 1 being the same, but preferably being opposite. The slow self-rotation of the directional drilling tool 1 ensures the straight-ahead drilling process despite the kinking of the outer housing 2, an additional broaching effect being created by the eccentricity 23. The rotary movement of the casing tube 9, on the other hand, serves to reduce the resistance to the advancing movement of the casing tube 9 in the formation. Accordingly, the rotational speed of the rotary movement of the casing tube 9 can easily deviate from that of the directional drilling tool 1 and can be determined from the point of view of minimizing resistance.

Bedarf der gewünschte weitere Verlauf eines Bohrlochs eines abgewinkelten Bohrvorganges, wird über die Antriebs- und Vorschubmittel und den Bohrrohrstrang das Richtbohrwerkzeug 1 in eine Orientierung des Außengehäuses 2 stillgesetzt, die dem weiterführenden Richtungsverlauf des Bohrlochs entspricht. Die jeweilige Position des Drehbohrmeißels 14 bzw. des Richtbohrwerkzeugs 1 im Bohrloch kann durch geeignete Sensoren fortlaufend oder intervallweise ermittelt werden, so daß durch abwechselndes Stillsetzen oder in Umdrehungversetzen des Richtbohrwerkzeugs 1 ein jeweils gewünschter Bohrlochverlauf präzise vorgegeben werden kann.If the desired further course of a borehole requires an angled drilling process, the directional drilling tool 1 is stopped by the drive and feed means and the drill pipe string in an orientation of the outer housing 2 which corresponds to the further directional course of the borehole. The respective position of the rotary drill bit 14 or the directional drilling tool 1 in the borehole can be determined continuously or at intervals by suitable sensors, so that the desired course of the borehole can be precisely specified by alternately stopping or rotating the directional drilling tool 1.

Die Kupplung 15 zwischen Meißelwelle 4 und Drehbohrmeißel 14 ermöglicht es, das Richtbohrwerkzeug 1 aus dem Bohrloch bei in diesem verbleibenden Mantelrohr 9 herauszubewegen, z.B. zu Inspektions- und Instandhaltungszwecken. Dabei besteht auch die Möglichkeit, das Richtbohrwerkzeug 1 durch ein solches ohne Knick im Außengehäuse und entsprechend abgewinkeltem Verlauf der Achse der Meißelwelle 4 zur Mittelachse 7 des Außengehäuses 2 zu ersetzen, durch das eine längere Strecke geradeaus gebohrt und dabei ein Bohrlochabschnitt erstellt werden kannn, dessen Durchmesser sich lediglich nach dem Nenndurchmesser des Drehbohrmeißels 14 richtet.The coupling 15 between the chisel shaft 4 and the rotary drill bit 14 enables the directional drilling tool 1 to be moved out of the borehole with the casing tube 9 remaining therein, e.g. for inspection and maintenance purposes. There is also the possibility of replacing the directional drilling tool 1 with one without a kink in the outer housing and a correspondingly angled course of the axis of the chisel shaft 4 to the central axis 7 of the outer housing 2, through which a longer distance can be drilled straight ahead and a borehole section can be created Diameter depends only on the nominal diameter of the rotary drill bit 14.

Claims (20)

1. Verfahren zum Erstellen eines am Umfang ausgesteiften, überwiegend horizontal ausgerichteten Bohrlochs in Boden­formationen, bei dem das Bohrloch mittels eines Richtbohr­werkzeugs vorgetrieben und diesem ein Mantelrohr nachgeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mantelrohr gleichzei­tig und gleichförmig mit dem Richtbohrwerkzeug vorgetrieben und dabei das vordere Ende des Mantelrohrs durch den vorde­ren Teil des Richtbohrwerkzeugs ausgerichtet wird.1. A method for creating a circumferentially stiffened, predominantly horizontally oriented borehole in ground formations, in which the borehole is driven by means of a directional drilling tool and this is followed by a jacket pipe, characterized in that the jacket pipe is simultaneously and uniformly driven with the directional drilling tool and the front end of the casing tube is aligned by the front part of the directional drilling tool. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Mantelrohr unter Führung durch und Überlappung mit einem rückwärtigen Führungsteil des Drehbohrmeißels dessen Schneidteil im Bohrloch nachgeführt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the jacket tube under guidance by and overlap with a rear guide part of the rotary drill bit whose cutting part is tracked in the borehole. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß das Mantelrohr bei seiner Vortriebsbewegung in Eigenumdrehung versetzt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the casing tube is set in its own revolution during its propulsion movement. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Richtbohrwerkzeug ein Navigations­bohrwerkzeug verwendet und für Geradeausbohrarbeiten in Eigenumdrehung versetzt wird.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a navigation drilling tool is used as a directional drilling tool and is set to self-rotation for straight drilling. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Geradeausbohrarbeiten das Richtbohrwerkzeug im Mantelrohr in einer zur Drehrichtung des Mantelrohrs ent­ gegengesetzten Drehrichtung in Umlauf versetzt wird.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that during straight drilling, the directional drilling tool in the casing tube ent in a direction of rotation of the casing tube opposite direction of rotation is put into circulation. 6. Bohrgerät zum Erstellen eines am Umfang ausgesteiften, überwiegend horizontal ausgerichteten Bohrlochs in Boden­formationen, mit einem Richtbohrwerkzeug (1), das an einen obertägig durch Antriebs- und Vorschubmittel vortreibbaren, in Eigendrehung versetzbaren und in ausgerichteter Stellung verdrehfest abstützbaren Bohrrohrstrang (11) anschließbar ist und einen in einem rohrförmigen Außengehäuse angeordne­ten Tieflochmotor (3) für den Antrieb eines Drehbohrmeißels (14) umfaßt, und mit einem durch obertägige Antriebs- und Vorschubmittel dem Richtbohrwerkzeug nachführbaren Mantel­rohr (9), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Antriebs- und Vorschubmittel dem Richtbohrwerkzeug (1) und dem Mantelrohr (9) eine synchrone Vorschubbewegung erteilen, und daß das Richtbohrwerkzeug (1) im Mantelrohr (9) angeordnet und abgestützt ist und mit seinem vorderen Teil das vordere Ende (12) des Mantelrohrs (9) ausrichtet.6.Drilling device for creating a largely horizontally oriented borehole in ground formations stiffened at the periphery, with a directional drilling tool (1) which can be connected to a drill pipe string (11) which can be driven above ground by drive and feed means, can be set in its own rotation and can be supported in a non-rotatable position in the aligned position and comprises a deep-hole motor (3) arranged in a tubular outer housing for driving a rotary drill bit (14), and with a casing tube (9) that can be traced to the directional drilling tool by means of above-ground drive and feed means, characterized in that the drive and feed means correspond to the directional drilling tool ( 1) and the jacket tube (9) give a synchronous feed movement, and that the directional drilling tool (1) is arranged and supported in the jacket tube (9) and with its front part aligns the front end (12) of the jacket tube (9). 7. Bohrgerät nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das vordere Ende des Mantelrohrs (9) als ein gegenüber dem Hauptteil des Mantelrohrs (9) verlagerbares Teil (12) ausgebildet ist.7. Drilling device according to claim 6, characterized in that the front end of the casing tube (9) as a relative to the main part of the casing tube (9) is displaceable part (12). 8. Bohrgerät nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß das vordere Ende (12) des Mantelrohrs (9) mit dem vorderen Bereich des Außengehäuses (2) und einem Füh­rungsteil (13) des Drehbohrmeißels (14) in Führungseingriff steht.8. Drill according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the front end (12) of the casing tube (9) with the front region of the outer housing (2) and a guide part (13) of the rotary drill bit (14) is in guide engagement. 9. Bohrgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das vordere Ende (12) des Mantelrohrs (9) über ein Rohrgelenk mit dem sich anschließenden Haupt­teil des Mantelrohrs (9) verbunden ist.9. Drilling device according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the front end (12) of the casing tube (9) is connected via a pipe joint to the adjoining main part of the casing tube (9). 10. Bohrgerät nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rohrgelenk asl Trennschnitt-Gelenk (18) ausgebildet ist.10. Drilling device according to claim 9, characterized in that the tubular joint asl separating cut joint (18) is formed. 11. Bohrgerät nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Trennschnitt-Gelenk (18) durch eine außen umlaufende Dichtung (19) abgedichtet ist.11. Drilling device according to claim 10, characterized in that that the separating cut joint (18) is sealed by an outer circumferential seal (19). 12. Bohrgerät nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rohrgelenk von einem flexiblen Übergangsbereich der Wandung des Mantelrohrs (9) gebildet ist.12. Drill according to claim 9, characterized in that the tubular joint is formed by a flexible transition region of the wall of the casing tube (9). 13. Bohrgerät nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Übergangsbereich von einem Wellrohrabschnitt gebil­det ist.13. Drilling device according to claim 12, characterized in that the transition region is formed by a corrugated pipe section. 14. Bohrgerät nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Übergangsbereich aus einem Material erhöhter Biege­elastizität gebildet ist.14. Drilling device according to claim 12, characterized in that the transition region is formed from a material with increased bending elasticity. 15. Bohrgerät nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Übergangsbereich ein gegenüber benachbarten Be­reichen des Mantelrohrs (9) herabgesetztes Widerstandsmoment aufweist.15. Drilling device according to claim 12, characterized in that the transition region has a reduced section modulus compared to adjacent regions of the casing tube (9). 16. Bohrgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Außendurchmesser des Mantelrohrs (9) gleich oder kleiner ist als der Nenndurchmesser (17) des Schneidteils (16) des Drehbohrmeißels (14).16. Drilling device according to one of claims 6 to 15, characterized in that the outer diameter of the casing tube (9) is equal to or smaller than the nominal diameter (17) of the cutting part (16) of the rotary drill bit (14). 17. Bohrgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Richtbohrwerkzeug (1) aus Naviga­tionsbohrwerkzeug mit einer Knickstelle (20) im Außengehäuse (2) ausgebildet ist, die hinter dem eine vordere Führung für das Außengehäuse (2) bildenden vorderen Stabilisator (5) angeordnet ist und in oder nahe der Gelenkebene des Rohrgelenks (18) des Mantelrohrs (9) angeordnet ist.17. Drilling device according to one of claims 6 to 16, characterized in that the directional drilling tool (1) is formed from a navigation drilling tool with a kink (20) in the outer housing (2), which forms a front guide for the outer housing (2) behind the front Stabilizer (5) is arranged and is arranged in or near the joint plane of the tubular joint (18) of the tubular casing (9). 18. Bohrgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Führungsteil (13) des Drehbohr­meißels (14) von einer zylindrischen Dichtungs- und Füh­rungsfläche gebildet ist und auf dieser der vordere Randbe­reich des vorderen Endes (12) des Mantelrohrs (9) gelagert ist.18. Drilling device according to one of claims 6 to 16, characterized in that the guide part (13) of the rotary drill bit (14) is formed by a cylindrical sealing and guide surface and on this the front edge region of the front end (12) of the casing tube (9th ) is stored. 19. Bohrgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Drehbohrmeißel (14) mittels einer ausklinkbare Riegelglieder umfassenden Kupplung auf dem vorderen Ende der aus dem Außengehäuse (2) des Richtbohr­werkzeugs (1) vorstehenden Meißelwelle (4) festgelegt ist.19. Drilling device according to one of claims 6 to 18, characterized in that the rotary drill bit (14) is fixed by means of a notchable locking members coupling on the front end of the outer housing (2) of the directional drilling tool (1) projecting chisel shaft (4). 20. Bohrgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Tieflochmotor (3) als bohrspülungs­betätigter Motor ausgebildet und das Außengehäuse (2) des Richtbohrwerkzeugs (1) mit einem volumenstromabhängigen Bypass-Ventil (24) für die Bohrspülung versehen ist.20. Drilling device according to one of claims 6 to 19, characterized in that the deep-hole motor (3) is designed as a drilling fluid operated motor and the outer housing (2) of the directional drilling tool (1) is provided with a volume flow-dependent bypass valve (24) for the drilling fluid.
EP90100112A 1989-02-01 1990-01-04 Method and apparatus for horizontal drilling Expired - Lifetime EP0380910B1 (en)

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NO900457L (en) 1990-08-02
NO900457D0 (en) 1990-01-31
CA2008977A1 (en) 1990-08-01
EP0380910B1 (en) 1995-03-08
DE3902868C1 (en) 1990-06-07
US5033556A (en) 1991-07-23
EP0380910A3 (en) 1992-05-27

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